CN111792217A - Optimization method for heating coil of large crude oil floating roof storage tank - Google Patents

Optimization method for heating coil of large crude oil floating roof storage tank Download PDF

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CN111792217A
CN111792217A CN202010658892.XA CN202010658892A CN111792217A CN 111792217 A CN111792217 A CN 111792217A CN 202010658892 A CN202010658892 A CN 202010658892A CN 111792217 A CN111792217 A CN 111792217A
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heating
storage tank
coil
oil
crude oil
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CN111792217B (en
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孙巍
成庆林
刘扬
高伟
王志华
国丽萍
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Northeast Petroleum University
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D88/00—Large containers
    • B65D88/74—Large containers having means for heating, cooling, aerating or other conditioning of contents
    • B65D88/744—Large containers having means for heating, cooling, aerating or other conditioning of contents heating or cooling through the walls or internal parts of the container, e.g. circulation of fluid inside the walls
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D88/00—Large containers
    • B65D88/34—Large containers having floating covers, e.g. floating roofs or blankets

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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for optimizing a heating coil of a large crude oil floating roof storage tank, which comprises the following steps: firstly, optimizing the length of a heating coil, establishing a mathematical model of the heating process of the coil of the large crude oil floating roof storage tank, and carrying out numerical solution on the model by adopting a finite element method to obtain the change rule of the average temperature of the storage tank top, the tank wall, the tank bottom, the center and the crude oil at different coil lengths along with time; and secondly, integrating the non-uniform degree of the temperature field and the heating rate result to evaluate the influence degree of different coil lengths on the heating effect of the crude oil storage tank: thirdly, synthesizing the effective utilization rate of energy and the effective utilization rate of exergy to evaluate the influence degree of different coil lengths on the effective energy in the heating process of the crude oil storage tank, and finally determining the optimal coil length according to the heating effect and the effective energy: and fourthly, optimizing the diameter of the heating coil, and finally determining the optimal diameter of the coil according to the relevant result to obtain the optimal size structure of the coil. The invention can scientifically and comprehensively determine the optimal structural size of the coil.

Description

Optimization method for heating coil of large crude oil floating roof storage tank
The technical field is as follows:
the invention relates to the technical field of oil and gas storage and transportation, in particular to a method for optimizing a heating coil of a large crude oil floating roof storage tank.
Background art:
under the environment that the development of energy gradually realizes the aims of structural optimization, capability guarantee, efficiency comprehensive improvement and the like, petroleum still occupies a great position. In recent years, with the continuous soaring of Chinese economy, the gap of petroleum demand is continuously increased, since the petroleum is a clean petroleum import country in 1993, the proportion of imported petroleum in an energy supply structure in China is increased year by year, if stable petroleum supply cannot be guaranteed, the development speed of national economy and national defense construction is bound to be restricted, and the development of petroleum reserves plays an irreplaceable role in coping with the crisis. Most of crude oil with high condensation and high wax content produced in China is heavy paraffin and some cycloparaffins which are mainly composed of wax in the crude oil, when the storage temperature is lower than the wax precipitation point temperature, the wax is continuously precipitated and crystallized from the crude oil and is adhered to the wall of a tank with temperature difference with the wax, the formed wax deposition layer can cause safety accidents such as a storage tank chuck and the like, and in order to ensure the safe operation of the storage tank, the crude oil in the tank needs to be heated in time. At present, the most common heating mode is to install the heating coil pipe in the oil storage tank, however, the energy consumption generated by the heating mode can account for more than 85% of the total energy consumption of the oil storage tank, and along with the continuous increase of the oil storage amount, the energy consumption can also be greatly increased, so that the heating coil pipe structure of the storage tank needs to be further optimized, the heating effect is improved, and the energy consumption cost is reduced.
In a complex energy consumption system consisting of a heating coil, crude oil in a tank and an external low-temperature environment, how to scientifically and reasonably realize the optimization of the heating coil of a large crude oil floating roof storage tank is always a difficult problem concerned by an international petroleum system. In the past, the heating rate is used as the only standard for judging the heating effect of crude oil, but the heating rate can only reflect the change rule of a temperature field along with time, and cannot reflect the uniform distribution condition of the temperature field in a large space of a crude oil storage tank. On the other hand, in the research on the utilization of the energy in the crude oil heating process, the utilization condition of either energy or energy quality is analyzed, and the influence of solar radiation and the dynamic change of atmospheric temperature on the utilization efficiency is ignored, so that the effective utilization of the storage tank heating process cannot be scientifically and completely evaluated. And when the heater structure is optimized, the heating effect and the effective energy are usually considered separately, so that the coil structure optimization in the heating process of the crude oil storage tank lacks scientific theoretical basis.
In summary, the existing optimization methods for the heating coil of the large crude oil floating roof storage tank have certain limitations, and the structural optimization of the heating coil of the large crude oil floating roof storage tank cannot be scientifically and comprehensively realized.
The invention content is as follows:
the invention aims to provide an optimization method for a heating coil of a large crude oil floating roof storage tank, which is used for solving the problem that the structure optimization of the heating coil of the crude oil floating roof storage tank lacks scientific evaluation basis in the heating process of the crude oil storage tank.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: the optimization method of the heating coil of the large crude oil floating roof storage tank comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: optimizing the length of a heating coil, introducing an RNG k-epsilon turbulence model on the basis of general mass, momentum and energy conservation equations in order to better simulate the vortex flow of crude oil in local areas such as the top angle of a storage tank and the time-dependent change rule of the temperature of the crude oil on the boundary of the storage tank, establishing a mathematical model of the heating process of a large crude oil floating roof storage tank coil, arranging heating coils with different lengths at the bottom of the storage tank, and performing numerical solution on the model by adopting a finite element method to obtain the change rule of the average temperature of the storage tank top, the tank wall, the tank bottom, the center and the crude oil along with time under different coil lengths;
the mathematical model of the heating process of the large crude oil floating roof storage tank coil comprises a mass conservation equation, a momentum conservation equation and an energy conservation equation;
the conservation of mass equation is:
Figure BDA0002577778340000021
in the formula: x and r are axial and radial coordinates m of the storage tank respectively; u and v are axial and radial flow velocity of oil in the tank, m/s respectively; t is tsteaIs the heating time, s; rhooilIs the density of the oil product, kg.m-3；
The conservation of momentum equation is:
Figure BDA0002577778340000022
Figure BDA0002577778340000023
in the formula: p is the hydrostatic pressure of the oil product, Pa; g is the gravitational acceleration of the oil product, m/s2；μoilThe dynamic viscosity of the oil product, Pa.s;
the energy conservation equation is:
Figure BDA0002577778340000031
in the formula: t isoilThe temperature of the oil product, DEG C; lambda [ alpha ]oilThe thermal conductivity of the oil product, W/(m DEG C); c. CoilSpecific heat capacity of oil, J (kg. degree. C.)-1；
Step two: according to the temperature of tank deck, jar wall, tank bottoms and the crude oil of center department, from the angle of space, confirm the inhomogeneous degree in temperature field of large-scale crude oil storage tank heating process, according to the change rule of crude oil average temperature along with time, from the angle of time, confirm the programming rate of large-scale crude oil storage tank heating process, synthesize the influence degree of the inhomogeneous degree in temperature field and programming rate result in order to evaluate different coil pipe lengths to crude oil storage tank heating effect:
step three: according to the average temperature of crude oil in the heating process in the storage tank, the effective energy for heating the oil is obtained from the aspect of energy, the energy absorbed by solar radiation and the energy released by the coil pipe are total energy, and the energy of the heating coil pipe is further determinedAn effective utilization of the amount; from the energy level, obtaining heating coils
Figure BDA0002577778340000032
Effective utilization rate, comprehensive energy effective utilization rate and
Figure BDA0002577778340000033
effective utilization is with the influence degree that different coil pipe lengths of evaluation have useful performance to crude oil storage tank heating process, finally according to heating effect and effective useful energy confirm optimum coil pipe length:
step four: optimizing the diameter of the heating coil, and performing numerical solution on a mathematical model of the heating process of the coil of the large crude oil floating roof storage tank by arranging the heating coils with different diameters at the bottom of the storage tank and adopting a finite element method to obtain the change rule of the average temperature of the storage tank top, the tank wall, the tank bottom, the center and the crude oil along with time under different coil diameters;
step five: according to the temperature of tank deck, jar wall, tank bottoms and the crude oil of center department, from the angle of space, confirm the inhomogeneous degree in temperature field of large-scale crude oil storage tank heating process, according to the change rule of crude oil average temperature along with time, from the angle of time, confirm the programming rate of large-scale crude oil storage tank heating process, synthesize the influence degree of the inhomogeneous degree in temperature field and programming rate result in order to evaluate different coil pipe diameters to crude oil storage tank heating effect:
step six: according to the average temperature of the crude oil in the heating process in the storage tank, starting from the level of energy, obtaining effective energy for heating the oil, absorbing the heat of solar radiation and the heat released by the coil as total energy, and further determining the effective utilization rate of the energy of the heating coil; from the energy level, obtaining heating coils
Figure BDA0002577778340000034
Effective utilization rate, comprehensive energy effective utilization rate and
Figure BDA0002577778340000043
effective utilization rate for evaluating addition of different coil diameters to crude oil storage tankThe influence degree of the effective energy utilization in the thermal process is finally determined according to the heating effect and the effective energy utilization;
step seven: and obtaining the optimal size structure of the coil according to the determined optimal length and diameter of the coil.
In the scheme, the non-uniform degree of the temperature field in the heating process of the large crude oil storage tank is determined, and a standard deviation algorithm is adopted:
Figure BDA0002577778340000041
wherein n is the number of measuring points, wherein i is 1, 2. T isiThe temperature of a measuring point i in a heating space is measured at DEG C; t isaverIs the average temperature of the measuring points in the heating space, DEG C.
The method for determining the heating rate of the large crude oil storage tank in the heating process in the scheme comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0002577778340000042
in the formula: t isaverThe average temperature of the oil in the tank after heating for a period of time, DEG C; t is0The initial temperature of the oil in the tank before heating is DEG C; taver is the average temperature of oil in the tank is heated to TaverTime required, d; t is t0Is the initial time before the oil in the tank is heated, d.
According to the scheme, effective energy for heating the oil product is obtained from the aspect of energy according to the average temperature of the crude oil in the heating process in the storage tank, and the heat absorbed by solar radiation and the heat released by the coil pipe are total energy, so that the effective utilization rate of the energy of the heating coil pipe is determined; from the energy level, obtaining heating coils
Figure BDA0002577778340000044
The effective utilization rate is as follows:
from the energy level:
the effective energy is the heat absorbed by the oil being heated:
Enef＝Goilcoil(Tend-Tsta)
in the formula: enefEffective energy in the heating process of the storage tank coil, J; goilThe mass of oil in the tank is kg; t isendThe final temperature for heating, DEG C; t isstaHeating start temperature, DEG C; c. CoilSpecific heat capacity of oil, J (kg. degree. C.)-1；
Total energy:
Ento＝Qstea×tstea×3600+Qsola×tsola×3600
in the formula: qsteaHeat given off by the coil, W; qsolaTo absorb the heat of solar radiation, W; t is tsteaHeating time of the coil pipe, h;
wherein, the heat of absorbing solar radiation comprises the heat that the tank deck absorbed and the heat that the tank wall absorbed:
Figure BDA0002577778340000051
in the formula: q. q.ssroofThe heat of solar radiation, W/m, on the tank roof2，qswallThe heat of solar radiation, W/m, received by the tank wall2；FroofArea of the tank top, m2,FwallArea of tank wall, m2(ii) a Omega is the circular frequency, rad/h; i is solar constant, and is determined by actual observation to be 1367W/m2(ii) a P is an atmospheric transparency coefficient, and the value of P is 0.7-0.8; theta is the zenith angle of the sun at noon; σ is a coefficient relating to the day length, and when the day length is 8 to 16 hours, the value should be 0.346 to 0.391; m is a coefficient relating to the mass of the atmosphere,
Figure BDA0002577778340000052
the blackness of the floating plate of the storage tank; t is tsolaThe time for the tank top and the tank wall to absorb solar radiation, h; t is t0The sunrise time of the sun, h;
the effective energy utilization rate of the storage tank in the heating process is the ratio of the effective energy to the total energy:
Figure BDA0002577778340000053
in the formula: etaenFor efficient utilization of energy,%.
From the aspect of energy quality, the sum of the absorbed solar radiation and the energy used by the coil pipe released in the heating process of the crude oil in the storage tank is used as the input of the whole system
Figure BDA0002577778340000066
The energy absorbed by the heated oil is regarded as effective
Figure BDA0002577778340000067
Is effective
Figure BDA0002577778340000068
And input
Figure BDA0002577778340000069
The ratio of the heating coils with different structures of the storage tank
Figure BDA00025777783400000610
Effective utilization rate;
is effective
Figure BDA00025777783400000611
For absorbing oil by heating
Figure BDA00025777783400000612
According to the logistics
Figure BDA00025777783400000613
The formula (c) calculates:
Figure BDA0002577778340000061
in the formula: exefFor the efficiency of the oil heating process
Figure BDA00025777783400000614
J；TenIs the atmospheric temperature at any moment, DEG C,
input device
Figure BDA00025777783400000615
Heat released from the coil
Figure BDA00025777783400000616
And absorbing solar radiation
Figure BDA00025777783400000617
Of which the coil releases
Figure BDA00025777783400000618
According to heat source
Figure BDA00025777783400000619
Calculating heat source
Figure BDA00025777783400000620
Caused by the difference in temperature between the heat source and the environment
Figure BDA00025777783400000621
The formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0002577778340000062
in the formula: exstAs a heat source
Figure BDA00025777783400000622
J；TsteaThe temperature of the steam as a heat source is DEG C;
absorbing solar radiation
Figure BDA00025777783400000623
Heat absorbed by the roof
Figure BDA00025777783400000624
And the heat absorbed by the tank wall
Figure BDA00025777783400000625
Consists of the following components:
Figure BDA0002577778340000063
Figure BDA0002577778340000064
Figure BDA0002577778340000065
in the formula: exroofThe tank top absorbs the heat of solar radiation
Figure BDA00025777783400000626
ExwallAbsorbing solar radiant heat for tank walls
Figure BDA00025777783400000627
J；ExsoFor absorbing the total heat of solar radiation
Figure BDA00025777783400000628
J；T1roofThe highest temperature of oil on the top of the tank in the process of absorbing radiation is DEG C; t is2roofThe lowest temperature of the oil on the tank top in the process of absorbing radiation is DEG C; t is1wallTo absorb the maximum temperature of the oil on the tank wall during irradiation, T2wallThe lowest temperature of oil on the tank wall in the process of absorbing radiation is DEG C;
Figure BDA0002577778340000072
effective utilization rate is effective
Figure BDA0002577778340000073
And input
Figure BDA0002577778340000074
The ratio of (A) to (B):
Figure BDA0002577778340000071
in the formula etaexIs composed of
Figure BDA0002577778340000075
Effective utilization rate,%.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the mathematical model of the heating process of the crude oil storage tank, which is established by combining the RNG k-epsilon turbulence model, can better simulate the vortex flow of the crude oil in the local area of the storage tank under the low Reynolds number and the influence rule of the external environment and the internal heat flow on the flow form of the crude oil on the wall surface of the storage tank; the established heating effect evaluation index of the crude oil storage tank and the established effective energy evaluation index of the crude oil storage tank in the heating process of the crude oil storage tank are both from the two aspects of energy and quality from the angle of time and space respectively.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 shows the relationship between the length of a coil pipe of a large crude oil floating roof storage tank and the temperature rise rate.
FIG. 2 is a relationship between the length of a coil of a large crude oil floating roof storage tank and the degree of nonuniformity of a temperature field.
FIG. 3 is a relationship between the length of a coil pipe of a large crude oil floating roof storage tank and the effective utilization rate of energy.
FIG. 4 shows the lengths of the large crude oil floating roof storage tank coil pipes
Figure BDA0002577778340000076
Relationship of effective utilization.
FIG. 5 shows the relationship between the diameter of a coil pipe of a large crude oil floating roof storage tank and the temperature rise rate.
FIG. 6 is a relationship between the diameter of a coil of a large crude oil floating roof storage tank and the unevenness degree of a temperature field.
FIG. 7 shows the relationship between the diameter of the coil pipe of the large crude oil floating roof storage tank and the effective utilization rate of energy.
FIG. 8 diameter of large crude oil floating roof storage tank coil pipe and
Figure BDA0002577778340000085
relationship of effective utilization.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
the optimization method of the heating coil of the large crude oil floating roof storage tank comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: the structural optimization of the heating coil is divided into two processes, and the optimization process of the length of the heating coil is firstly carried out. In order to better simulate the vortex flow of crude oil in local areas such as the storage tank top angle and the time-dependent change rule of the crude oil temperature on the storage tank boundary, an RNG k-epsilon turbulence model is introduced on the basis of a general mass, momentum and energy conservation equation, and a mathematical model of the heating process of the large crude oil floating roof storage tank coil is established.
Establishing a mathematical model of the heating process of the coil pipe of the large crude oil floating roof storage tank, wherein the mathematical model comprises mass, momentum and energy conservation equations;
conservation of mass equation:
Figure BDA0002577778340000081
in the formula: x and r are axial and radial coordinates m of the storage tank respectively; u and v are axial and radial flow velocity of oil in the tank, m/s respectively; t is tsteaIs the heating time, s; rhooilIs the density of the oil product, kg.m-3。
Conservation of momentum equation:
Figure BDA0002577778340000082
Figure BDA0002577778340000083
in the formula: p is the hydrostatic pressure of the oil product, Pa; g is the gravitational acceleration of the oil product, m/s2；μoilIs the dynamic viscosity of oil product, Pa.s.
Energy conservation equation:
Figure BDA0002577778340000084
in the formula: t isoilThe temperature of the oil product, DEG C; lambda [ alpha ]oilThe thermal conductivity of the oil product, W/(m DEG C); c. CoilSpecific heat capacity of oil, J (kg. degree. C.)-1。
Turbulence is an irregular, multi-scale, structured flow. From the physical structure, the turbulent flow is a flow formed by overlapping various vortexes with rotating structures in different sizes, and the sizes of the vortexes and the direction distribution of the rotating shafts are random. The large-scale vortex is mainly determined by flowing boundary conditions, the size of the vortex is comparable to the size of the crude oil flow field in the storage tank, and the vortex exists mainly under the influence of inertia; the small scale vortices are mainly determined by viscous forces and may be only on the order of one-thousandth of the size of the crude oil flow field in the tank. The large scale vortex breaks to form a small scale vortex, and the smaller scale vortex breaks to form a smaller scale vortex. In a well developed turbulent region, the size of the fluid vortices can vary continuously over a fairly wide range. The large scale vortices constantly gain energy from the main heat flow, which is gradually transferred to the small scale vortices by the interaction between the vortices. Finally, the small scale vortex disappears continuously due to the action of fluid viscosity. Meanwhile, new vortex is generated continuously due to the action of the boundary, the disturbance and the action of the velocity gradient, and turbulent motion is developed and continued.
In order to better simulate the vortex flow of crude oil in local areas such as the top angle of a storage tank and the like under a low Reynolds number and the influence rule of external environment and internal heat flow on the flow form of the crude oil on the wall surface of the storage tank, an RNG k-epsilon turbulence model is introduced:
Figure BDA0002577778340000091
Figure BDA0002577778340000092
in the formula: k is turbulent pulsation kinetic energy, J; is the turbulent pulsation kinetic energy dissipation ratio,%; gk,GbTurbulent kinetic energy generated by laminar flow velocity gradient and buoyancy, J, respectively; cμ,C1,C2,C3Constants were calculated for turbulence, 0.09, 1.45, 1.92, 1.0, respectively; alpha is alphak,αThe numbers of Plantt corresponding to the turbulence kinetic energy k and the dissipation ratio are respectively 1.0 and 1.2; rIs the turbulent viscosity coefficient at low reynolds numbers.
Heating coils with different lengths are arranged at the bottom of the storage tank, and the model is subjected to numerical solution by adopting a finite element method, so that the change rule of the storage tank top, the tank wall, the tank bottom, the center and the average temperature of crude oil along with time under different coil lengths is obtained.
Step two: and determining the non-uniform degree of the temperature field in the heating process of the large crude oil storage tank from the perspective of space according to the temperatures of crude oil at the tank top, the tank wall, the tank bottom and the center.
The dispersion degree of the temperature of each point in the storage tank space at any moment is defined as the unevenness of the temperature field, and the index of the oil temperature in the tank along with the spatial distribution is reflected. There are three main methods for calculating the non-uniformity of the temperature field:
the first method adopts a mathematically very poor algorithm, which is the most common and simplest and straightforward algorithm, i.e. the maximum value is reduced by the minimum value to evaluate the discrete degree of data, but the algorithm mainly aims at small space and small volume equipment and is more prone to reflect the overall fluctuation degree of a temperature field rather than the non-uniform degree of the temperature of each point in space:
ΔT＝Tmax-Tmin
in the formula: t ismax、TminThe highest temperature and the lowest temperature of a measuring point in a heating space are respectively DEG C.
The second algorithm adopts variance, which is the most important and most common index for measuring and calculating the dispersion trend, is the average of the squared deviation between each variable value and the mean value, and is the most important method for measuring and calculating the dispersion degree of numerical data, but the square form adopted by the method amplifies or reduces the calculation result to a certain extent.
Figure BDA0002577778340000101
In the formula: n is the number of stations, where i is 1, 2. T isiThe temperature of a measuring point i in a heating space is measured at DEG C;
Taveris the average temperature of the measuring points in the heating space, DEG C.
The third one uses the standard deviation algorithm:
Figure BDA0002577778340000102
compared with the first algorithm and the second algorithm, the third algorithm reflects the discrete degree of the temperature between each point in the group and considers the condition of spatial distribution, the smaller the numerical value is, the smaller the temperature difference of the temperature of each point of the crude oil in the tank compared with the integral average temperature is, and the better the uniformity of the temperature field is, so the third algorithm is selected to calculate the non-uniform degree of the crude oil temperature field in the tank.
The temperature at each point in the tank is taken into the above formula to obtain:
Figure BDA0002577778340000111
in the formula: t iscenThe temperature of the center of the oil product in the storage tank is measured at DEG C; t isf、TbThe temperatures of oil products at the top and bottom of the tank are respectively DEG C; t iswl,TwrThe temperature of the oil on the left and right side walls of the storage tank is in DEG C.
According to the change rule of the average temperature of the crude oil along with the time, the temperature rise rate of the large crude oil storage tank in the heating process is determined from the 'time' perspective.
The heating rate is as follows:
Figure BDA0002577778340000112
in the formula: t isaverThe average temperature of the oil in the tank after heating for a period of time, DEG C; t is0The initial temperature of the oil in the tank before heating is DEG C; t is taverTo heat the average temperature of the oil in the tank to TaverTime required, d; t is t0Is the initial time before the oil in the tank is heated, d.
And integrating the non-uniform degree of the temperature field and the temperature rise rate result to evaluate the influence degree of different coil lengths on the heating effect of the crude oil storage tank.
Step three: according to the average temperature of crude oil in the heating process in the tank, effective energy for heating the oil product is obtained from the level of energy, and the total energy is released by solar radiation and the coil pipe, so that the effective utilization rate of the energy of the heating coil pipe is determined.
The effective energy is the heat absorbed by the heated oil:
Enef＝Goilcoil(Tend-Tsta)
in the formula: enefEffective energy in the heating process of the storage tank coil, J; goilThe mass of oil in the tank is kg; t isendThe final temperature for heating, DEG C; t isstaThe heating starting temperature is DEG C.
The total energy consists of two parts, the heat given off by the steam through the coil and the heat absorbed by the solar radiation:
Ento＝Qstea×tstea×3600+Qsola×tsola×3600
in the formula: qsteaHeat given off by the coil, W; qsolaTo absorb the heat of solar radiation, W; t is tsteaCoil heating time, h.
Wherein, the heat that absorbs solar radiation is two parts, is the heat that the tank deck absorbed and the heat that the tank wall absorbed respectively:
Figure BDA0002577778340000121
in the formula: q. q.ssroof，qswallRespectively the solar radiation heat on the tank top and the tank wall, W/m2；Froof,FwallRespectively the areas of the tank top and the tank wall, m2(ii) a Omega is the circular frequency, rad/h; i is solar constant, and is determined by actual observation to be 1367W/m2(ii) a P is an atmospheric transparency coefficient, and the value of P is 0.7-0.8; theta is the zenith angle of the sun at noon; σ is a coefficient relating to the day length, and when the day length is 8 to 16 hours, the value should be 0.346 to 0.391; m is a coefficient relating to the mass of the atmosphere,
Figure BDA0002577778340000122
the blackness of the floating plate of the storage tank; t is tsolaThe time for the tank top and the tank wall to absorb solar radiation, h; t is t0The sunrise time, h.
The effective energy utilization rate of the storage tank in the heating process is the ratio of the effective energy to the total energy:
Figure BDA0002577778340000123
in the formula: etaenFor efficient utilization of energy,%.
From the aspect of energy quality, the sum of the absorbed solar radiation and the energy released by the coil pipe in the heating process of the crude oil in the storage tank is used as the input of the whole system
Figure BDA0002577778340000125
The energy absorbed by the heated oil is regarded as effective
Figure BDA0002577778340000126
Is effective
Figure BDA0002577778340000127
And input
Figure BDA0002577778340000128
The ratio of the heating coils with different structures of the storage tank
Figure BDA0002577778340000129
The effective utilization rate.
Is effective
Figure BDA00025777783400001210
I.e. the oil is heated and absorbed
Figure BDA00025777783400001211
Can be distributed according to the logistics
Figure BDA00025777783400001212
The formula (c) calculates:
Figure BDA0002577778340000124
in the formula: exefFor the efficiency of the oil heating process
Figure BDA00025777783400001213
J；TenIs the atmospheric temperature at any time, DEG C. Input device
Figure BDA0002577778340000136
Consisting of two parts, each for heat released from the coil
Figure BDA0002577778340000137
And absorbing solar radiation
Figure BDA0002577778340000138
Wherein the coil is released
Figure BDA0002577778340000139
According to heat source
Figure BDA00025777783400001310
Calculating heat source
Figure BDA00025777783400001311
Caused by the difference in temperature between the heat source and the environment
Figure BDA00025777783400001312
The corresponding formula is:
Figure BDA0002577778340000131
in the formula: exstAs a heat source
Figure BDA00025777783400001313
J；TsteaIs the temperature of steam as a heat source, DEG C.
Absorbing solar radiation
Figure BDA00025777783400001314
Heat absorbed by the roof
Figure BDA00025777783400001315
And the heat absorbed by the tank wall
Figure BDA00025777783400001316
Consists of the following components:
Figure BDA0002577778340000132
Figure BDA0002577778340000133
Figure BDA0002577778340000134
in the formula: exroof，ExwallRespectively absorbing the heat of solar radiation for the tank top and the tank wall
Figure BDA00025777783400001317
J；ExsoFor absorbing the total heat of solar radiation
Figure BDA00025777783400001318
J；T1roof,T2roofRespectively the highest temperature and the lowest temperature of the oil product on the top of the tank in the process of absorbing radiation; t is1wall,T2wallThe highest temperature and the lowest temperature of the oil on the tank wall in the process of absorbing radiation are respectively DEG C.
Figure BDA00025777783400001319
Effective utilization rate is effective
Figure BDA00025777783400001320
And input
Figure BDA00025777783400001321
The ratio of (A) to (B):
Figure BDA0002577778340000135
in the formula etaexIs composed of
Figure BDA0002577778340000142
Effective utilization rate,%.
Comprehensive energy utilization efficiency and
Figure BDA0002577778340000143
effective utilization is with the influence degree that different coil pipe lengths of evaluation have useful performance to crude oil storage tank heating process, finally according to heating effect and effective useful energy confirm optimum coil pipe length:
step four: and after the optimal coil length is determined, carrying out an optimization process of the diameter of the heating coil. Similar to the first step, the third step, obtaining the change rule of the average temperature of the top, the wall, the bottom, the center and the crude oil of the storage tank under different coil diameters along with time, evaluating the influence degree of the coil diameters on the heating effect and the effective energy consumption of the crude oil storage tank, and finally determining the optimal coil diameter according to the relevant results to obtain the optimal size structure of the coil.
Example (b):
in order to make the above-mentioned contents of the present invention more obvious and understandable, a heating coil of a large crude oil floating roof storage tank is optimized as a research object, and the following detailed description is made:
some 10 ten thousand cubic meters floating roofThe diameter of the bottom of the storage tank is 80m, the height of the wall of the storage tank is 21m, the liquid level of the oil product in the storage tank is 7m, the outside atmospheric temperature is-32 to-40 ℃, and the density of the oil product at 20 ℃ is 860kg/m3Viscosity of 4.94 pas, thermal conductivity of 0.246W/(m. DEG C.), specific heat capacity of 2986J (kg. DEG C.)-1The thickness of the tank wall heat-insulating material is 0.06m, the heat conductivity coefficient is 0.035W/m DEG.C, the initial temperature for heating the oil product in the tank is 40 ℃, the heating time is 5 days, and the released heat is 20000W/m2. Arrange heating coil in the storage tank bottom, can form the big vortex that uses tank bottoms hot oil as power among the heating process, the distribution law of jar interior crude oil temperature field also can be different under the different coil heating area, more can further influence jar interior crude oil heating effect and with the ability condition, consequently, optimize coil heating area from coil length, diameter two aspects and have important meaning to heating coil process design, concrete method steps are as follows:
the method comprises the following steps: the structural optimization of the heating coil is divided into two processes, and the optimization process of the length of the heating coil is firstly carried out. Introducing an RNG k-epsilon turbulence model on the basis of a general mass, momentum and energy conservation equation, establishing a mathematical model of the heating process of a coil pipe of a large crude oil floating roof storage tank, arranging heating coil pipes with different lengths at the bottom of the storage tank, and performing numerical solution on the model by adopting a finite element method to obtain the change rule of the average temperature of the storage tank top, the tank wall, the tank bottom, the center and crude oil along with time under different coil pipe lengths;
and a mode of uniformly distributing pipes is adopted at the bottom of the tank, and the distribution rule of the crude oil temperature field in the tank is analyzed when the diameter of the coil pipe is 0.06m and the length of the coil pipe is 489.84-1576.28 m.
Crude oil temperature at the center of the storage tank
Figure BDA0002577778340000141
Figure BDA0002577778340000151
Crude oil temperature at the top of storage tank
Figure BDA0002577778340000152
Crude oil temperature at the tank wall of the storage tank
Figure BDA0002577778340000153
Crude oil temperature at the bottom of storage tank
Figure BDA0002577778340000161
Average temperature of crude oil in storage tank
Figure BDA0002577778340000162
Step two: the method comprises the steps of determining the non-uniform degree of a temperature field of a large crude oil storage tank in the heating process from the perspective of space according to the temperatures of crude oil at the top, the wall, the bottom and the center of the tank, determining the heating rate of the large crude oil storage tank in the heating process from the perspective of time according to the change rule of the average temperature of the crude oil along with time, and integrating the non-uniform degree of the temperature field and the heating rate to evaluate the influence degree of different coil lengths on the heating effect of the crude oil storage tank.
In the aspect of heating effect, as can be seen from fig. 1 and 2, along with the increase of the length of the coil, the flow structure of crude oil in the tank is improved, and a large vortex structure with higher strength can be formed in a shorter time, so that the temperature rise rate is obviously improved, and the maximum increase of the temperature rise rate is 0.56 ℃/d when the length of the coil is 489.84-621.72 m. Meanwhile, the denser the coil is arranged, the temperature gradient of crude oil in the heated tank is reduced, so that the non-uniform degree of a temperature field is remarkably reduced, and when the length of the coil is 489.84-1576.28 m, the non-uniform degree of the temperature field can be reduced to 3.2 ℃ from 6.6 ℃. However, as the temperature of the crude oil is further increased, the temperature difference between the crude oil and the atmosphere is larger, the heat dissipated to the atmosphere is larger, and therefore, the heating effect begins to weaken when the length of the coil reaches a certain value.
Step three: according toThe average temperature of the crude oil in the heating process in the tank starts from the level of energy, so that the effective energy for heating the oil product is obtained, and the total energy is released by solar radiation and the coil pipe. Further determining the effective energy utilization rate of the heating coil, and similarly, obtaining the energy absorbed by the oil product when the oil product is heated from the aspect of energy quality
Figure BDA0002577778340000172
Of heating coils
Figure BDA0002577778340000173
Effective utilization rate, comprehensive energy effective utilization rate and
Figure BDA0002577778340000174
effective utilization is with the influence degree that different coil pipe lengths of evaluation have useful performance to crude oil storage tank heating process, finally according to heating effect and effective useful energy confirm optimum coil pipe length:
in terms of effective energy, as can be seen from fig. 3 and 4, as the length of the coil pipe is increased, the heat released by the coil pipe is increased, the heat absorbed by the oil product is increased, the energy effective utilization rate is increased, and
Figure BDA0002577778340000175
the effective utilization rate is increased, and when the length of the coil pipe is 489.84-1168.08 m, the effective utilization rate of energy is increased
Figure BDA0002577778340000176
The maximum variation range of the effective utilization rate is 56.48-85.10% and 36.88-55.21%, respectively, but when the coil reaches a certain length, the temperature rise rate of the crude oil begins to weaken, the temperature difference between a heat source and the crude oil is reduced, the energy transfer process begins to weaken until the energy is unchanged, and when the length of the coil is 1375.32-1576.28 m, the effective utilization rate of the energy and the energy
Figure BDA0002577778340000177
The effective utilization rate is higher and is respectively maintained at 87.78-88.03% and 58.21-58.43%.
Generally, when the length of the coil is 489.84-737.32, the heating effect is poor, the energy effective utilization rate is low, the heating effect and the energy effective utilization rate are gradually improved along with the increase of the length of the coil, when the length of the coil is 1375.32m, the heating effect and the energy effective utilization rate are the highest, after the length of the coil is continuously increased, the heating effect and the energy effective utilization rate are not obviously improved, but the cost is increased due to the fact that the number of consumed steel materials is further increased, and therefore for the above example, the optimal length of the coil is 1375.32 m.
Step four: and after the optimal coil length is determined, carrying out an optimization process of the diameter of the heating coil. Similar to the first step to the third step, the change rule of the average temperature of the storage tank top, the tank wall, the tank bottom, the center and the crude oil under different coil diameters along with time is obtained.
And continuously analyzing the distribution rule of the crude oil temperature field in the tank when the diameter of the coil pipe is from 0.02-0.12 m after the optimal length of the coil pipe is determined.
Crude oil temperature at the center of the storage tank
Figure BDA0002577778340000171
Figure BDA0002577778340000181
Crude oil temperature at the top of storage tank
Figure BDA0002577778340000182
Crude oil temperature at the tank wall of the storage tank
Figure BDA0002577778340000183
Crude oil temperature at the bottom of storage tank
Figure BDA0002577778340000191
Average temperature of crude oil in storage tank
Figure BDA0002577778340000192
And evaluating the influence degree of the diameter of the coil on the heating effect and the effective energy utilization of the crude oil storage tank, and finally determining the optimal diameter of the coil according to the related results to obtain the optimal size structure of the coil.
As can be seen from fig. 5 and 6, in terms of heating effect, as the diameter of the coil increases, the heat released by the coil and the heat absorbed by the crude oil increase, which improves the heating effect of the crude oil, but the influence of the diameter of the coil is relatively weak compared with the change of the length of the coil on the heating effect, for example, in the expression of the temperature rise rate, when the length of the coil increases from 489.84 to 1017.36m, the heating area of the coil increases approximately by one time, the temperature rise rate increases by 2.1 ℃/d, and when the same area increases by one time, the diameter of the coil increases from 0.02m to 0.04m, the temperature rise rate increases by only 0.8 ℃/d, which is much smaller than the change of the length of the coil on the temperature rise rate. Similarly, in the aspect of the uneven degree of the temperature field, under the condition of a certain area increase, the length of the coil can reduce the uneven degree of the temperature field to 3.6 ℃, and the diameter of the coil can only reach 4.0 ℃. The main reason for the above effects is that the overall large vortex flow form of the internal crude oil plays a leading role in the heating effect, and the increase of the length of the coil pipe is more beneficial to forming a large vortex structure with larger strength in a shorter time, so that the performance of the length of the coil pipe is better than the diameter of the coil pipe in the aspect of the heating effect. The performance of the two is opposite in terms of effective energy, as shown in fig. 7 and 8, the length of the coil is such that the maximum energy utilization efficiency can only be maintained at 88.03%,
Figure BDA0002577778340000201
the effective utilization rate is 58.43%, the change of the diameter of the coil pipe to the effective energy breaks through the limit, the effective utilization rate of the energy can reach 93.15%,
Figure BDA0002577778340000202
the effective utilization rate is 63.54%, mainly because the pair between the heat source coil and the crude oil is remarkably increased due to the increase of the diameter of the coilThe heat transfer coefficient strengthens the heat transfer convection process, so that the crude oil can more easily absorb heat from the coil pipe, and the utilization rate of effective energy is improved.
In summary, when the length of the coil is 1375.32m and the diameter is 0.02-0.06 m, the variation range of the heating effect and the energy effective utilization rate is large, although the heating effect and the energy effective utilization rate are increased at 0.08-0.12 m, the increase range is within 1%, and the heating area is increased by 1.5 times, which leads to the remarkable increase of the construction cost and waste, so for the above example, the optimal diameter of the serpentine coil is 0.08m, and the optimal heating area is 345.48m2. The related method can provide powerful theoretical and technical support for energy-saving reconstruction of oil field enterprises.

Claims (4)

1. A heating coil optimization method for a large crude oil floating roof storage tank is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: optimizing the length of a heating coil, introducing an RNG k-epsilon turbulence model on the basis of general mass, momentum and energy conservation equations in order to better simulate the vortex flow of crude oil in local areas such as the top angle of a storage tank and the time-dependent change rule of the temperature of the crude oil on the boundary of the storage tank, establishing a mathematical model of the heating process of a large crude oil floating roof storage tank coil, arranging heating coils with different lengths at the bottom of the storage tank, and performing numerical solution on the model by adopting a finite element method to obtain the change rule of the average temperature of the storage tank top, the tank wall, the tank bottom, the center and the crude oil along with time under different coil lengths;
the mathematical model of the heating process of the large crude oil floating roof storage tank coil comprises a mass conservation equation, a momentum conservation equation and an energy conservation equation;
the conservation of mass equation is:
Figure FDA0002577778330000011
in the formula: x and r are axial and radial coordinates m of the storage tank respectively; u and v are axial and radial flow velocity of oil in the tank, m/s respectively; t is tsteaWhen it is heatedM, s; rhooilIs the density of the oil product, kg.m-3；
The conservation of momentum equation is:
Figure FDA0002577778330000012
Figure FDA0002577778330000013
in the formula: p is the hydrostatic pressure of the oil product, Pa; g is the gravitational acceleration of the oil product, m/s2；μoilThe dynamic viscosity of the oil product, Pa.s;
the energy conservation equation is:
Figure FDA0002577778330000014
in the formula: t isoilThe temperature of the oil product, DEG C; lambda [ alpha ]oilThe thermal conductivity of the oil product, W/(m DEG C); c. CoilSpecific heat capacity of oil, J (kg. degree. C.)-1；
Step two: according to the temperature of tank deck, jar wall, tank bottoms and the crude oil of center department, from the angle of space, confirm the inhomogeneous degree in temperature field of large-scale crude oil storage tank heating process, according to the change rule of crude oil average temperature along with time, from the angle of time, confirm the programming rate of large-scale crude oil storage tank heating process, synthesize the influence degree of the inhomogeneous degree in temperature field and programming rate result in order to evaluate different coil pipe lengths to crude oil storage tank heating effect:
step three: according to the average temperature of the crude oil in the heating process in the storage tank, starting from the energy level, obtaining effective energy for oil product temperature rise, absorbing solar radiation energy and energy released by the coil pipe to be total energy, and further determining the effective utilization rate of the energy of the heating coil pipe; from the energy level, obtaining heating coils
Figure FDA0002577778330000021
Effective utilization rate, comprehensive energy effective utilization rate and
Figure FDA0002577778330000022
effective utilization is with the influence degree that different coil pipe lengths of evaluation have useful performance to crude oil storage tank heating process, finally according to heating effect and effective useful energy confirm optimum coil pipe length:
step four: optimizing the diameter of the heating coil, and performing numerical solution on a mathematical model of the heating process of the coil of the large crude oil floating roof storage tank by arranging the heating coils with different diameters at the bottom of the storage tank and adopting a finite element method to obtain the change rule of the average temperature of the storage tank top, the tank wall, the tank bottom, the center and the crude oil along with time under different coil diameters;
step five: according to the temperature of tank deck, jar wall, tank bottoms and the crude oil of center department, from the angle of space, confirm the inhomogeneous degree in temperature field of large-scale crude oil storage tank heating process, according to the change rule of crude oil average temperature along with time, from the angle of time, confirm the programming rate of large-scale crude oil storage tank heating process, synthesize the influence degree of the inhomogeneous degree in temperature field and programming rate result in order to evaluate different coil pipe diameters to crude oil storage tank heating effect:
step six: according to the average temperature of the crude oil in the heating process in the storage tank, starting from the level of energy, obtaining effective energy for heating the oil, absorbing the heat of solar radiation and the heat released by the coil as total energy, and further determining the effective utilization rate of the energy of the heating coil; from the energy level, obtaining heating coils
Figure FDA0002577778330000023
Effective utilization rate, comprehensive energy effective utilization rate and
Figure FDA0002577778330000024
the effective utilization rate is used for evaluating the influence degree of different coil diameters on the effective performance of the crude oil storage tank in the heating process, and finally the optimal coil diameter is determined according to the heating effect and the effective performance;
step seven: and obtaining the optimal size structure of the coil according to the determined optimal length and diameter of the coil.
2. The optimization method of the heating coil of the large crude oil floating roof storage tank according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: determining the non-uniform degree of a temperature field in the heating process of the large crude oil storage tank, and adopting a standard deviation algorithm:
Figure FDA0002577778330000031
wherein n is the number of measuring points, wherein i is 1, 2. T isiThe temperature of a measuring point i in a heating space is measured at DEG C; t isaverIs the average temperature of the measuring points in the heating space, DEG C.
3. The optimization method of the heating coil of the large crude oil floating roof storage tank according to claim 2, characterized in that: the method for determining the heating rate of the heating process of the large crude oil storage tank comprises the following steps:
Figure FDA0002577778330000032
in the formula: t isaverThe average temperature of the oil in the tank after heating for a period of time, DEG C; t is0The initial temperature of the oil in the tank before heating is DEG C; taver is the average temperature of oil in the tank is heated to TaverTime required, d; t is t0Is the initial time before the oil in the tank is heated, d.
4. The optimization method of the heating coil of the large crude oil floating roof storage tank according to claim 3, characterized in that: according to the average temperature of the crude oil in the heating process in the storage tank, the effective energy of oil product temperature rise is obtained from the aspect of energy, the heat absorbed by solar radiation and the heat released by the coil are total energy, and the effective utilization rate of the energy of the heating coil is further determined; from the energy level, obtaining heating coils
Figure FDA0002577778330000033
The effective utilization rate is as follows:
from the energy level:
the effective energy is the heat absorbed by the oil being heated:
Enef＝Goilcoil(Tend-Tsta)
in the formula: enefEffective energy in the heating process of the storage tank coil, J; goilThe mass of oil in the tank is kg; t isendThe final temperature for heating, DEG C; t isstaHeating start temperature, DEG C; c. CoilSpecific heat capacity of oil, J (kg. degree. C.)-1；
Total energy:
Ento＝Qstea×tstea×3600+Qsola×tsola×3600
in the formula: qsteaHeat given off by the coil, W; qsolaTo absorb the heat of solar radiation, W; t is tsteaHeating time of the coil pipe, h;
wherein, the heat of absorbing solar radiation comprises the heat that the tank deck absorbed and the heat that the tank wall absorbed:
Figure FDA0002577778330000041
in the formula: q. q.ssroofThe heat of solar radiation, W/m, on the tank roof2，qswallThe heat of solar radiation, W/m, received by the tank wall2；FroofArea of the tank top, m2,FwallArea of tank wall, m2(ii) a Omega is the circular frequency, rad/h; i is solar constant, and is determined by actual observation to be 1367W/m2(ii) a P is an atmospheric transparency coefficient, and the value of P is 0.7-0.8; theta is the zenith angle of the sun at noon; σ is a coefficient relating to the day length, and when the day length is 8 to 16 hours, the value should be 0.346 to 0.391; m is a coefficient relating to the mass of the atmosphere,
Figure FDA0002577778330000042
the blackness of the floating plate of the storage tank; t is tsolaThe time for the tank top and the tank wall to absorb solar radiation, h; t is t0The sunrise time of the sun, h;
the effective energy utilization rate of the storage tank in the heating process is the ratio of the effective energy to the total energy:
Figure FDA0002577778330000043
in the formula: etaenEffective utilization of energy,%;
from the aspect of energy quality, the sum of the absorbed solar radiation and the energy used by the coil pipe released in the heating process of the crude oil in the storage tank is used as the input of the whole system
Figure FDA00025777783300000526
The energy absorbed by the heated oil is regarded as effective
Figure FDA00025777783300000527
Is effective
Figure FDA0002577778330000058
And input
Figure FDA0002577778330000059
The ratio of the heating coils with different structures of the storage tank
Figure FDA00025777783300000510
Effective utilization rate;
is effective
Figure FDA00025777783300000511
For absorbing oil by heating
Figure FDA00025777783300000528
According to the logistics
Figure FDA00025777783300000513
The formula (c) calculates:
Figure FDA0002577778330000051
in the formula: exefFor the efficiency of the oil heating process
Figure FDA00025777783300000529
J；TenIs the atmospheric temperature at any moment, DEG C;
input device
Figure FDA00025777783300000515
Heat released from the coil
Figure FDA00025777783300000516
And absorbing solar radiation
Figure FDA00025777783300000517
Of which the coil releases
Figure FDA00025777783300000518
According to heat source
Figure FDA00025777783300000519
Calculating heat source
Figure FDA00025777783300000520
Caused by the difference in temperature between the heat source and the environment
Figure FDA00025777783300000530
The formula is as follows:
Figure FDA0002577778330000052
in the formula: exstAs a heat source
Figure FDA00025777783300000531
J；TsteaThe temperature of the steam as a heat source is DEG C;
absorbing solar radiation
Figure FDA00025777783300000523
Heat absorbed by the roof
Figure FDA00025777783300000524
And the heat absorbed by the tank wall
Figure FDA00025777783300000525
Consists of the following components:
Figure FDA0002577778330000053
Figure FDA0002577778330000054
Figure FDA0002577778330000055
in the formula: exroofThe tank top absorbs the heat of solar radiation
Figure FDA0002577778330000069
ExwallAbsorbing solar radiant heat for tank walls
Figure FDA00025777783300000610
J；ExsoFor absorbing the total heat of solar radiation
Figure FDA00025777783300000611
J；T1roofThe highest temperature of oil on the top of the tank in the process of absorbing radiation is DEG C; t is2roofThe lowest temperature of the oil on the tank top in the process of absorbing radiation is DEG C; t is1wallTo absorb the maximum temperature of the oil on the tank wall during irradiation, T2wallThe lowest temperature of oil on the tank wall in the process of absorbing radiation is DEG C;
Figure FDA0002577778330000065
effective utilization rate is effective
Figure FDA0002577778330000066
And input
Figure FDA0002577778330000067
The ratio of (A) to (B):
Figure FDA0002577778330000061
in the formula etaexIs composed of
Figure FDA0002577778330000068
Effective utilization rate,%.
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