CN111787681A - Electrode, electrode preparation method and liquid phase discharge plasma device - Google Patents
Electrode, electrode preparation method and liquid phase discharge plasma device Download PDFInfo
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- CN111787681A CN111787681A CN202010683739.2A CN202010683739A CN111787681A CN 111787681 A CN111787681 A CN 111787681A CN 202010683739 A CN202010683739 A CN 202010683739A CN 111787681 A CN111787681 A CN 111787681A
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- H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
- H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
- H05H1/24—Generating plasma
- H05H1/48—Generating plasma using an arc
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
- H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
- H05H1/24—Generating plasma
- H05H1/47—Generating plasma using corona discharges
Abstract
The invention relates to an electrode, an electrode preparation method and a liquid phase discharge plasma device, wherein the method comprises the following steps: removing the oxide film on the surface of the zinc plate; drying by nitrogen after ultrasonic treatment; fixing the dried zinc plate in the reaction solution, and placing the reaction solution in an oven for heating; and taking out the heated zinc plate, cleaning and airing. The electrode is prepared by the method. The device comprises a zinc oxide nano-structure electrode, an electrode position adjusting bracket and a grounding electrode; wherein the zinc oxide nano-structure electrode is obtained by growing the electrode in an alkaline solution; the distance between the zinc oxide nano-structure electrode and the grounding electrode is adjustable through the electrode position adjusting support. The electrode prepared by the method is compact, the number of the discharged zinc oxide nanowires is large in unit area, and the effective area of liquid-phase discharge is large. In addition, the invention is provided with the electrode position adjusting bracket, so that the distance between the two electrodes can be adjusted, and the liquid phase discharge experimental research under different electrode distances is facilitated.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of liquid-phase discharge, in particular to an electrode, an electrode preparation method and a liquid-phase discharge plasma device.
Background
Liquid phase discharge plasma is a new concept developed in recent ten years, and the meaning of the plasma is mainly that the plasma is generated by discharging in a liquid phase. Since the liquid phase is mostly generated in water, it is also called "water discharge plasma" or "liquid electric effect" by scholars. The high-voltage pulse liquid phase discharge technology is mainly characterized in that high-voltage impact current generates plasma in a liquid phase, and the high-energy density formed in a discharge channel reaches 102-103J/cm3. The discharge channel is filled with dense plasma and radiates strong ultraviolet light. The pressure in the channel rises sharply at the moment of discharge, so that the plasma channel expands rapidly at a high speed to form shock waves. That is, the method can simultaneously generate shock waves, ultraviolet light, a strong electric field and strong oxidizing radicals. Although these effects exist simultaneously, the intensity is different under different conditions, and thus the applicable fields are different.
Since Yutkin 1955 used the electrohydraulic effect in the field of industrial processing, researchers have done a lot of research work and powerful shock waves have been applied in specialty processing, rock breaking, etc. In 1987, Clements directly applied non-equilibrium plasma generated by high-voltage pulse discharge to water treatment, and the pioneering work indicates the great potential of liquid-phase discharge plasma in application. In the middle of the 90 s of the 20 th century, developed countries such as japan have actively studied in this field, and the research has focused on experimental studies of physical effects and chemical processes of liquid-phase discharge. In recent years, the research focus in the field gradually transits to the aspects of pollutant degradation efficiency and energy utilization rate of a non-equilibrium plasma reactor, and the research process gradually moves from single pulse discharge to combined treatment of a catalyst or other processes.
Through research in recent decades, the types of liquid-phase high-voltage pulse discharge reactors have also been developed from single pin-plate electrode types to novel reactors of multi-pin-plate type, plate-plate type, wire-plate type, annular cylinder type, rod-rod type, packed type, dielectric barrier discharge type, and gas-liquid mixed phase type. In the aspect of a pulse power supply, pulse factors capable of efficiently generating plasma mainly include shortening pulse duration, pulse rise time less than 100-200 ns and peak high electric field, and the three are related to each other and have important influence on the process of pulse liquid phase discharge plasma.
However, the current liquid phase discharge plasma device has the problems of short service life of a discharge electrode, high power consumption, small discharge area, easy corrosion and difficult flexible adjustment of device fixation.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an electrode, an electrode preparation method and a liquid phase discharge plasma device, which have large effective area of liquid phase discharge and adjustable electrode spacing.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme:
a method of preparing an electrode comprising:
removing the oxide film on the surface of the zinc plate;
sequentially placing the zinc plate with the oxide film removed in acetone, ethanol and deionized water for ultrasonic treatment, and drying by using nitrogen after the ultrasonic treatment is finished;
preparing a reaction solution of ammonia water and sodium hydroxide;
fixing the zinc plate dried by the nitrogen in the reaction solution, and then placing the zinc plate dried by the nitrogen and the reaction solution in a drying oven for heating reaction;
and taking out the heated zinc plate, sequentially cleaning the zinc plate by using deionized water and ethanol, and airing the cleaned zinc plate.
Preferably, the zinc plate has a length of 40mm, a width of 40mm, a thickness of 1mm, and a purity of 99.99%.
Preferably, the method further comprises the following steps before the step of removing the oxide film on the surface of the zinc plate: and (4) polishing the zinc plate by using sand paper.
Preferably, the concentration of ammonia water in the reaction solution is 0.36mol/L, and the concentration of sodium hydroxide is 0.07 mol/L.
Preferably, the oven temperature is 100 ℃, and the heating reaction time is 50 hours.
An electrode prepared by the method.
A liquid phase discharge plasma device comprises a zinc oxide nano-structure electrode, an electrode supporting component, an electrode position adjusting bracket, a liquid tank, a grounding electrode and a pulse power supply; wherein:
the zinc oxide nano-structure electrode is obtained by growing the electrode in an alkaline solution;
the electrode supporting assembly is placed in the liquid tank and used for placing the zinc oxide nano-structure electrode;
the grounding electrode is placed at the bottom of the liquid tank and is connected with the pulse power supply;
one end of the electrode position adjusting support is connected with the pulse power supply, the other end of the electrode position adjusting support is connected with the zinc oxide nano-structure electrode, and the distance between the zinc oxide nano-structure electrode and the grounding electrode is adjusted through the electrode position adjusting support.
Preferably, the electrode supporting assembly comprises an electrode fixing frame and a sealing cover plate; the electrode fixing frame is of a groove hollow structure and is used for placing the zinc oxide nano-structure electrode; the sealing cover plate is fixed on the upper part of the electrode fixing frame and used for sealing the electrode fixing frame.
Preferably, the electrode position adjusting bracket comprises a conductive patch, a conductive metal core, a fixed rotation, an adjusting rod and a bracket; wherein:
the conductive patch is arranged at one end of the conductive metal core and is connected with the zinc oxide nano-structure electrode; the other end of the conductive metal core is fixed on the adjusting rod through the fixing knob;
the adjusting rod is arranged on the bracket; the relative position of the adjusting rod and the support is adjustable through the fixed rotation, so that the distance between the zinc oxide nano-structure electrode and the grounding electrode is adjusted.
Preferably, the zinc oxide nano-structure electrode has a height of 2-3 μm and a diameter of 60-400 nm.
According to the specific embodiment provided by the invention, the invention discloses the following technical effects:
the application discloses an electrode, an electrode preparation method and a liquid phase discharge plasma device, wherein the method comprises the following steps: removing the oxide film on the surface of the zinc plate; sequentially placing the zinc plate with the oxide film removed in acetone, ethanol and deionized water for ultrasonic treatment, and drying by using nitrogen after the ultrasonic treatment is finished; preparing a reaction solution of ammonia water and sodium hydroxide; fixing the zinc plate dried by the nitrogen in the reaction solution, and then placing the zinc plate dried by the nitrogen and the reaction solution in a drying oven for heating reaction; and taking out the heated zinc plate, sequentially cleaning the zinc plate by using deionized water and ethanol, and airing the cleaned zinc plate. The electrode is prepared by the method. The device comprises a zinc oxide nano-structure electrode, an electrode supporting assembly, an electrode position adjusting bracket, a liquid tank, a grounding electrode and a pulse power supply; wherein the zinc oxide nano-structure electrode is obtained by growing the electrode in an alkaline solution; the electrode supporting assembly is placed in the liquid tank and used for placing the zinc oxide nano-structure electrode; the grounding electrode is placed at the bottom of the liquid tank and is connected with a pulse power supply; one end of the electrode position adjusting support is connected with a pulse power supply, the other end of the electrode position adjusting support is connected with a zinc oxide nano-structure electrode, and the distance between the zinc oxide nano-structure electrode and the grounding electrode is adjustable through the electrode position adjusting support. The electrode prepared by the method is compact, the number of the discharged zinc oxide nanowires is large in unit area, and the generated effective area is large when the zinc oxide nanowires are discharged simultaneously. In addition, the invention is provided with the electrode position adjusting bracket, so that the distance between the two electrodes can be adjusted, and the liquid phase discharge experimental research under different electrode distances is facilitated.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without inventive exercise.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a liquid phase discharge plasma device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an electrode position adjustment bracket according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a top view of an electrode position adjustment mount provided in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an electrode support assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a top view of an electrode support assembly provided in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is an SEM topography of zinc oxide in the zinc oxide nanostructure electrode provided in the embodiment of the present invention.
Description of the symbols: the device comprises a liquid tank 1, a 2-grounding electrode, a 3-electrode fixing frame, a 4-zinc oxide nanostructure electrode, a 5-conductive patch, a 6-conductive metal core, a 7-adjusting rod, an 8-fixing knob, a 9-bracket, a 10-sealing cover plate and a 11-pulse power supply.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention aims to provide an electrode, an electrode preparation method and a liquid phase discharge plasma device, which have large effective area of liquid phase discharge and adjustable electrode spacing.
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in further detail below.
Example 1
The embodiment provides an electrode preparation method, which comprises the following steps:
step 101: and removing the oxide film on the surface of the zinc plate. Preferably, the zinc plate has a length of 40mm, a width of 40mm, a thickness of 1mm, and a purity of 99.99%.
In this embodiment, step 101 is preceded by: the zinc plate was polished with sandpaper, which was 1200 mesh fine sandpaper.
Step 102: and (3) sequentially placing the zinc plate with the oxide film removed in acetone, ethanol and deionized water for ultrasonic treatment, and drying by using nitrogen after the ultrasonic treatment is finished. Preferably, the sonication time is 10 minutes.
Step 103: preparing a reaction solution of ammonia water and sodium hydroxide. Preferably, the concentration of ammonia water in the reaction solution in this embodiment is 0.36mol/L, and the concentration of sodium hydroxide is 0.07 mol/L.
Step 104: fixing the zinc plate dried by the nitrogen in the reaction solution, and then placing the zinc plate dried by the nitrogen and the reaction solution in an oven for heating reaction. In this example, the oven temperature was 100 ℃ and the reaction time was 50 hours.
Step 105: and taking out the heated zinc plate, sequentially cleaning the zinc plate by using deionized water and ethanol, and airing the cleaned zinc plate.
As an alternative embodiment, the deionized water used in the process has a resistivity of 18.5M Ω · cm.
Example 2
This example discloses an electrode prepared based on the method of example 1.
Example 3
The embodiment discloses a liquid phase discharge plasma device. Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a liquid phase discharge plasma device according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in figure 1, the device comprises a liquid tank 1, a grounding electrode 2, an electrode supporting component, an electrode position adjusting bracket, a zinc oxide nano-structure electrode 4 and a pulse power supply 11. The zinc oxide nanostructure electrode 4 was grown in an alkaline solution using the electrode of example 2. The electrode supporting component is placed in the liquid tank 1 and is used for placing the zinc oxide nano-structure electrode 4. The grounding electrode 2 is placed at the bottom of the liquid tank 1, and the grounding electrode 2 is connected with a pulse power supply 11; one end of the electrode position adjusting support is connected with the pulse power supply 11, the other end of the electrode position adjusting support is connected with the zinc oxide nano-structure electrode 4, and the distance between the zinc oxide nano-structure electrode 4 and the grounding electrode 2 is adjustable through the electrode position adjusting support.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of an electrode position adjustment bracket according to an embodiment of the present invention, and fig. 3 is a top view of the electrode position adjustment bracket according to the embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 2 and 3, in the present embodiment, the electrode position adjustment bracket includes a conductive patch 5, a conductive metal core 6, an adjustment lever 7, a fixing knob 8, and a bracket 9. The zinc oxide nano-structure electrode 4 is fixedly connected with the conductive patch 5 through conductive silver paste, the conductive patch 5 is arranged at one end of the conductive metal core 6, and the other end of the conductive metal core 6 is fixed on the adjusting rod 7 through the fixing knob 8. The adjusting rod 7 is arranged on the support 9, and the relative position of the adjusting rod 7 and the support 9 can be adjusted through the fixing knob 8, so that the adjustment of the distance between the zinc oxide nano-structure electrode 4 and the grounding electrode 2 is realized. In the present embodiment, the adjusting lever 7, the fixing knob 8 and the bracket 9 are made of an insulating material, and may be made of a nylon material.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an electrode support assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention, and fig. 5 is a top view of the electrode support assembly according to the embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 4 and 5, in the present embodiment, the electrode support assembly includes an electrode holder 3 and a sealing cover plate 10. Wherein the electrode fixing frame 3 is a groove hollow structure and is used for placing the zinc oxide nano-structure electrode 4. The sealing cover plate 10 is fixed on the upper part of the electrode fixing frame 3 and used for sealing the electrode fixing frame. In the present embodiment, the electrode holder 3 and the sealing cover 10 are made of an insulating material, specifically, a nylon material.
In this example, the zinc oxide nanostructure electrode 4 has a height of 2-3 μm and a diameter of 60-400nm, and is nano-sized. Fig. 6 is an SEM topography of zinc oxide in the zinc oxide nanostructure electrode provided in the embodiment of the present invention, and it can be seen from fig. 6 that the zinc oxide nanostructure electrode is also compact, so that the number of discharged zinc oxide nanowires is large in a unit area, and the effective area generated when discharging is large at the same time, which is significantly improved compared with the conventional single/multiple needle-plate discharge manner.
Meanwhile, as can be seen from discharge physics, under the condition that the charge quantity of the conductor and the surrounding environment thereof are the same, the sharper the tip of the conductor is, the more obvious the tip discharge effect is. This is because the sharper the tip, the smaller the curvature, the higher the surface charge density, and the stronger the field strength in the vicinity thereof. Therefore, the smaller the radius of curvature of the tip, the smaller the required initial discharge voltage. In this example, the prepared zinc oxide nano-electrode 4 has a nano-scale size, a sharp tip and a small radius of curvature. Therefore, the required starting voltage is smaller and the power consumption of the system is lower compared to the conventional pin-plate.
As an alternative embodiment, the support 9 comprises a base and a support body, wherein the base is 300mm long, 200mm wide and 20mm high. The support main part includes vertical part and horizontal part, and wherein the height of vertical part is 200mm, and wide 40mm, thick 20 mm. The horizontal part is 250mm long, 40mm wide and 20mm thick. The end of the horizontal part is provided with a round hole, the diameter of the round hole is 20mm, the diameter of the fixing knob 8 is 20mm, the length of the fixing knob is 30mm, and the adjusting rod 7 can be fixed/adjusted through the round hole.
Preferably, the liquid tank 1 is a square liquid tank made of quartz. The liquid tank 1 had a wall thickness of 5mm, a length of 150mm and a width of 150 mm.
Preferably, the ground electrode 2 is a copper sheet that can be pasted, and has a thickness of 1mm and a length and width of 50 mm.
Preferably, the pulse power supply 11 is a high voltage pulse power supply.
Preferably, the adjusting rod 7 has a hollow structure, an outer diameter of 20mm, an inner diameter of 10mm, and a length of 150 mm. The conductive metal core 6 is fixed inside the adjusting rod 7 by a fixing knob 8.
Preferably, the conductive metal core 6 is a copper cylinder with an outer diameter of 10mm and a length of 160 mm.
Preferably, in the groove hollow structure of the electrode fixing frame 3, the hollow structure is a square structure, and the zinc oxide nano-structure electrode 4 is fixed in the square structure. The length and width of the square configuration are both 38 mm. The length of the sealing cover plate is 80 mm.
According to the specific embodiment provided by the invention, the invention discloses the following technical effects:
(1) the zinc oxide nano electrode 4 has the size of nano level, and compared with the traditional needle-plate, the zinc oxide nano electrode has smaller required initial voltage and lower power consumption of the system.
(2) The zinc oxide nano-structure electrode 4 has the advantages of small volume, high density, simple preparation conditions and regular structure, and can be prepared in batches at low cost.
(3) The zinc oxide nano electrode 4 is nano-scale and compact, the number of discharged zinc oxide nano wires is large in unit area, and when the zinc oxide nano electrodes are simultaneously discharged, the effective area of liquid-phase discharge is large, so that the method is obviously improved compared with the traditional single/multi-needle-plate discharge mode.
(4) The tunable structure design can adjust the distance between electrodes, and is convenient for liquid phase discharge experimental study under different electrode distances.
The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other.
The principles and embodiments of the present invention have been described herein using specific examples, which are provided only to help understand the method and the core concept of the present invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, the specific embodiments and the application range may be changed. In view of the above, the present disclosure should not be construed as limiting the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method of preparing an electrode, comprising:
removing the oxide film on the surface of the zinc plate;
sequentially placing the zinc plate with the oxide film removed in acetone, ethanol and deionized water for ultrasonic treatment, and drying by using nitrogen after the ultrasonic treatment is finished;
preparing a reaction solution of ammonia water and sodium hydroxide;
fixing the zinc plate dried by the nitrogen in the reaction solution, and then placing the zinc plate dried by the nitrogen and the reaction solution in a drying oven for heating reaction;
and taking out the heated zinc plate, sequentially cleaning the zinc plate by using deionized water and ethanol, and airing the cleaned zinc plate.
2. The method for preparing an electrode according to claim 1, wherein the zinc plate has a length of 40mm, a width of 40mm, and a thickness of 1mm, and the purity of the zinc plate is 99.99%.
3. The method for preparing an electrode according to claim 1, further comprising, before the step of removing the oxide film on the surface of the zinc plate: and (4) polishing the zinc plate by using sand paper.
4. The method for producing an electrode according to claim 1, wherein the concentration of ammonia water in the reaction solution is 0.36mol/L and the concentration of sodium hydroxide is 0.07 mol/L.
5. The method for preparing the electrode according to claim 1, wherein the oven temperature is 100 ℃ and the heating reaction time is 50 hours.
6. An electrode prepared by the method of any one of claims 1 to 6.
7. A liquid phase discharge plasma device is characterized by comprising a zinc oxide nano-structure electrode, an electrode supporting component, an electrode position adjusting bracket, a liquid tank, a grounding electrode and a pulse power supply; wherein:
the zinc oxide nanostructure electrode is obtained by growing the electrode of claim 6 in an alkaline solution;
the electrode supporting assembly is placed in the liquid tank and used for placing the zinc oxide nano-structure electrode;
the grounding electrode is placed at the bottom of the liquid tank and is connected with the pulse power supply;
one end of the electrode position adjusting support is connected with the pulse power supply, the other end of the electrode position adjusting support is connected with the zinc oxide nano-structure electrode, and the distance between the zinc oxide nano-structure electrode and the grounding electrode is adjusted through the electrode position adjusting support.
8. The liquid discharge plasma apparatus of claim 7, wherein the electrode support assembly includes an electrode holder, a sealing cover plate; the electrode fixing frame is of a groove hollow structure and is used for placing the zinc oxide nano-structure electrode; the sealing cover plate is fixed on the upper part of the electrode fixing frame and used for sealing the electrode fixing frame.
9. The liquid phase discharge plasma apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the electrode position adjusting support includes a conductive patch, a conductive metal core, a fixed rotation, an adjusting lever, and a support; wherein:
the conductive patch is arranged at one end of the conductive metal core and is connected with the zinc oxide nano-structure electrode; the other end of the conductive metal core is fixed on the adjusting rod through the fixing knob;
the adjusting rod is arranged on the bracket; the relative position of the adjusting rod and the support is adjustable through the fixed rotation, so that the distance between the zinc oxide nano-structure electrode and the grounding electrode is adjusted.
10. The liquid discharge plasma device according to claim 7, wherein the zinc oxide nanostructure electrode has a height of 2-3 μm and a diameter of 60-400 nm.
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