CN111787549A - Road coverage optimization method based on antenna weight adjustment - Google Patents
Road coverage optimization method based on antenna weight adjustment Download PDFInfo
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- CN111787549A CN111787549A CN202010919690.6A CN202010919690A CN111787549A CN 111787549 A CN111787549 A CN 111787549A CN 202010919690 A CN202010919690 A CN 202010919690A CN 111787549 A CN111787549 A CN 111787549A
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- H04W16/00—Network planning, e.g. coverage or traffic planning tools; Network deployment, e.g. resource partitioning or cells structures
- H04W16/18—Network planning tools
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
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Abstract
The invention discloses a road coverage optimization method based on antenna weight adjustment. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring drive test data; determining a problem data point based on the drive test data and generating a problem road section; listing base stations and main service cells associated with problem data points in the area near the problem road section, wherein the cell with the largest problem data point ratio in the main service cell is a cell to be adjusted; calculating an electronic downward inclination angle and an electronic azimuth deflection angle of the antenna according to the parameters of the cell to be adjusted and the corresponding base station; and searching the horizontal beam width and the vertical beam width matched with the electronic downward inclination angle and the electronic azimuth deflection angle in a weight database, and adjusting the weight of the antenna according to the horizontal beam width and the vertical beam width. The method and the device can automatically identify the problem road section, determine the cell to be adjusted and quickly obtain the antenna optimization weight, thereby realizing the road coverage optimization target.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of mobile communication, and particularly relates to a road coverage optimization method based on antenna weight adjustment.
Background
At present, with the rapid development of information technology, high-quality mobile communication is always a target pursued in the field of mobile communication technology. Mobile internet and internet of things are two major driving forces for the development of mobile communication. In 2019, China enters a 5G high-speed development stage, and the 5G is mainly characterized by continuous wide coverage, high capacity, low power consumption, large connection and low time delay, and is high and reliable. The continuous wide-coverage and high-capacity scenes mainly face the service requirements of the mobile internet, and are also the technical scenes in the 2G, 3G and 4G times, so that high-rate service experience is continuously provided for users while the mobility and the service continuity of the users are ensured, and the continuous wide-coverage and high-capacity scenes are the most basic and important coverage scenes for mobile communication.
In mobile communication wireless network optimization, wireless network drive test is always an important means for finding, analyzing and solving continuous coverage problems. The drive test method comprises the following steps: a tester sits in an automobile and uses a professional test instrument to perform wireless network test on urban level 1-5 roads, and the wireless network test is mainly used for obtaining signal strength of a main service cell (RSRP _ SC), signal to noise ratio (SSB-CINR), signal strength of adjacent cells (RSRP _ NC), uplink and downlink average throughput rate, service establishment delay and the like. The traditional method for optimizing the deep coverage of the network structure is to adjust the parameters of the antenna feeder system by depending on the experience of an engineer and the station of a turret worker. However, with the commercialization of 5G networks, antennas currently used in the networks introduce more space in the spatial dimension that can be soft-tuned, such as tuning of antenna weights. The antenna weight is a quantitative expression form after a specific excitation signal is applied to each port of the antenna, and the width of a broadcast beam can be changed by configuring different antenna weights, so that the coverage requirements of different cells are met. The weight of most electrically tunable cells in the existing network is set as a default value when a manufacturer opens the network, adaptation is not performed according to the actual coverage scene of the cell, and the maximum advantage of broadcast beam forming cannot be exerted, so that the coverage rate of the cell is influenced to a certain extent, unnecessary interference is caused, and the reduction of the service volume and the network quality is caused.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a road coverage optimization method based on antenna weight adjustment.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a road coverage optimization method based on antenna weight adjustment comprises the following steps:
step 1, acquiring drive test data, rasterizing user cells, and calculating the signal intensity and signal-to-noise ratio of a main service cell in each grid;
step 3, listing base stations and main service cells associated with the problem data points in the area near the problem road section, wherein the cell with the largest problem data point ratio in the main service cell is the cell to be adjusted;
step 4, calculating an electronic downward inclination angle of the antenna according to the height of the base station corresponding to the cell to be adjusted and the theoretical coverage radius of the cell, and calculating an electronic azimuth deflection angle of the antenna according to the user clustering center direction (azimuth beam maximum direction) of the cell to be adjusted and the connecting direction of the drive test point and the base station;
and 5, searching the horizontal beam width and the vertical beam width matched with the electronic downward inclination angle and the electronic azimuth deflection angle in a weight database.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the method comprises the steps of obtaining drive test data, generating a problem road section, listing a base station and a main service cell which are associated with a problem data point in a region near the problem road section, wherein the cell with the largest problem data point ratio of the main service cell is a cell to be adjusted, calculating an electronic downtilt angle and an electronic azimuth deflection angle of an antenna according to the cell to be adjusted and parameters of a corresponding base station, searching a horizontal beam width and a vertical beam width which are matched with the electronic downtilt angle and the electronic azimuth deflection angle in a weight database, and adjusting the weight of the antenna according to the horizontal beam width and the vertical beam width. The method and the device can automatically identify the problem road section, determine the cell to be adjusted and quickly obtain the antenna optimization weight, thereby realizing the aim of road coverage optimization.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of segmentation of a continuously turning problem road section or an overpass problem road section;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a circumscribed rectangle and a circle drawn on the short segment 1 in fig. 1.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The embodiment of the invention provides a road coverage optimization method for antenna weight adjustment, which comprises the following steps:
s101, acquiring drive test data, rasterizing user cells, and calculating the signal intensity and signal-to-noise ratio of a main service cell in each grid;
s102, determining problem data points in each grid based on the parameters obtained in S101, and generating a problem road section: if the proportion of the problem data points in the road section exceeding the set length in the set time period exceeds the set value, the road section is a problem road section;
s103, listing base stations and main service cells associated with the problem data points in the area near the problem road section, wherein the cell with the largest problem data point ratio in the main service cell is the cell to be adjusted;
s104, calculating an electronic downward inclination angle of the antenna according to the height of a base station corresponding to the cell to be adjusted and the theoretical coverage radius of the cell, and calculating an electronic azimuth deflection angle of the antenna according to the user clustering center direction of the cell to be adjusted and the connecting line direction of the drive test point and the base station;
s105, searching a horizontal beam width and a vertical beam width matched with the electronic downward inclination angle and the electronic azimuth angle in a weight database.
In this embodiment, step S101 is mainly used to obtain drive test data, and calculate the signal strength and the signal-to-noise ratio of the primary serving cell in each grid based on the drive test data. And cleaning wireless environment data covered by the 4G/5G community electric tilt antenna by adopting a data characteristic engineering technology, namely removing invalid data, and supplementing or discarding incomplete data. The wireless environment data includes KPI (Key performance indicator) data of an MM (massive mimo, large-scale multiple input multiple output antenna technology) antenna, work parameter data, electronic map data, and weight data. Such data may be obtained from an operator database). And (3) introducing the cleaned data into tools such as Probe, CDS, Brilliant sweep frequency and the like to generate drive test data, and recording Cell CGI (Cell Global Identifier) and signal strength RSRP (reference Signal to noise ratio) values and signal to noise ratio SINR (Signal to noise ratio) values of each grid.
In the present embodiment, step S102 is mainly used to generate the problem link. Roughly speaking, a problem section is a section in which the problem data point ratio (the ratio of the number of problem data points to the number of total data points) is large; in a more normative way, a problem road segment is a road segment whose length exceeds a set value for a certain period of time and the proportion of problem data points exceeds the set value. Problem data points refer to data points where the primary serving cell signal strength is weak or where the signal-to-noise ratio is small or where the overlapping coverage is severe. In this embodiment, according to the above-mentioned characteristics of the problem road segment, the problem data point is determined first, and then the problem road segment is generated based on the problem data point.
In this embodiment, step S103 is mainly used to determine the cell to be adjusted. The method for determining the cell to be adjusted comprises the following steps: and listing all base stations and cells related to the problem data points near (or around) the problem road section, and sorting according to the problem data point proportion of the main service cell of the problem road section as the main service cells related to all the problem points in each problem road section are possibly different, wherein the cell with the largest proportion is the cell to be adjusted. It is worth mentioning that in practical applications such a situation may occur: the problem data points are in the highest ranked cell, with more than 50% of the problem data points belonging to the back-facing data points of the cell (back-facing data points are formed by the acquisition antenna back-facing lobe). If this occurs, the cell is not adjusted and the second cell in the set of problem data points is used as the adjustment cell.
In this embodiment, step S104 is mainly used to calculate the electronic downtilt angle and the electronic azimuth angle of the antenna. The electronic downward inclination angle of the antenna is related to the height of the base station and the theoretical coverage radius of the cell according to the cell to be adjusted, and the electronic downward inclination angle can be obtained according to the geometrical relationship between the base station and the cell. The electronic azimuth deflection angle of the antenna is equal to the included angle between the direction of the connecting line of the drive test point and the base station and the user clustering center direction of the cell. The user clustering center direction of the cell is known (can be obtained by calculation), and the direction of the connecting line of the road measuring point and the base station can be obtained according to the position coordinates of the road measuring point, so that the electronic azimuth deflection angle can be obtained.
In the present embodiment, step S105 is mainly used to obtain the antenna horizontal beam width and the antenna vertical beam width. In this embodiment, according to the electronic downtilt angle and the electronic azimuth angle obtained in the previous step, the horizontal beam width and the vertical beam width matched with the electronic downtilt angle and the electronic azimuth angle are searched in the weight library. The weight database stores the horizontal beam width and the vertical beam width corresponding to the derricking ranges of different electronic downtilts and the derricking ranges of electronic azimuth angles.
TABLE 1 adjustable weight combination for MM antenna
Table 1 gives an example of weight store data. Table 1 shows the adjustable weight combinations of MM antennas, where the units of the values are degrees, and "/" in the column of the azimuth range in the table indicates that the azimuth is not adjustable. According to the electronic declination angle and the electronic azimuth angle, the matched horizontal beam width and vertical beam width can be found. In table lookup, the same azimuth angle and downtilt combination corresponds to a plurality of different horizontal beam width and vertical beam width combinations, and the selection is performed according to the principle of not changing the beam width or changing the beam width as little as possible. For example, most of the beam types adopted by the existing network are H90V6, that is, the horizontal beam width is 90 degrees, the vertical beam width is 6 degrees, the azimuth angle is 0 degree, and the downtilt angles are different. If the azimuth angle is 0 degree and the downtilt angle is 5 degrees, the cell only needs to adjust the downtilt angle to 5 degrees; if the azimuth angle is 10 degrees and the downtilt angle is 5 degrees, it indicates that the wave width of the cell needs to be reduced to 65 degrees, the vertical beam width is unchanged (still 6 degrees), the azimuth angle is adjusted to 10 degrees, and the downtilt angle is adjusted to 5 degrees.
As an alternative embodiment, the S101 calculates the signal strength and the signal-to-noise ratio of the primary serving cell in each grid according to the following formulas:
wherein dl _ rx _ power (i) Is as followsiSignal strength, RSRP of the primary serving cell within a grid: (i)(j) Is as followsiIn the gridjThe signal strength of the cell or cells is,Jis the number of cells, is the number ofiSignal-to-noise ratio in each grid, -126 is LTE noise floor.
The embodiment gives a specific formula for calculating the signal strength and the signal-to-noise ratio of the primary serving cell in each grid based on the drive test data, and a detailed description is not provided herein.
As an alternative embodiment, the problem road segment generated by S102 includes:
continuous weak coverage road section: the length of the data points exceeds 50 meters within a time period of more than 10 seconds, and more than 70 percent of the data points are the road sections of the weak coverage problem data points; the weak coverage problem data points are data points with signal strength greater than or equal to-140 dbm and less than-105 dbm;
continuous uncovered section: the length of the data points exceeds 50 meters within a time period of more than 10 seconds, and more than 70 percent of the data points are the road sections without coverage problem data points; the non-coverage problem data points are data points with signal intensity less than-140 dbm;
continuous poor-quality road section: the road section has the length of more than 50 meters in a time period of more than 10 seconds and more than 70% of data points are poor quality problem data points; the quality difference problem data points are data points with the signal-to-noise ratio smaller than-1 db;
continuous overlapping coverage section: the data points with the length of more than 50 meters and more than 70 percent in the time period of more than 10 seconds are road sections which are overlapped and cover the problem data points; the data points of the overlapping coverage problem are data points of which the signal strength of the main service cell is less than or equal to-105 dbm and the number of adjacent regions of which the signal strength is 4db greater than that of the main service cell exceeds 3.
The present embodiment gives the characteristics of the various problem road segments generated separately, and actually gives the generation method of the problem road segments. In the present embodiment, one problem road section corresponds to one problem data point, and each problem road section is a road section having a length of more than 50 meters in a time period of more than 10 seconds and a corresponding problem data point accounting for more than 70%.
As an alternative embodiment, the method for determining the area near the problem road section in S103 includes: and dividing the problem road section into short circuit sections with the distance of L from two ends, wherein the short circuit sections which are less than L extend outwards to L, straight line sections between two ends of each short circuit section are used as diameters to draw circles, and the areas in the circles are areas near the problem road section.
The embodiment provides a technical scheme for determining the area near the problem road section. Because the length of the problem road section is generally longer, for this reason, the present embodiment divides the problem road section into a plurality of short-circuit sections, so that the distances between the two ends of each short-circuit section are equal to each other and are L. And if the last section is less than L, the last section expands outwards to L. The road shape is generally approximate to a straight line, and some road sections are broken lines, arc lines or irregular curves. For the straight line section, L is the length of the short circuit section; and the length of the short circuit section is greater than L. After the short circuit sections are divided into the short circuit sections, straight line sections between two ends of each short circuit section are used as diameters to draw circles, and areas in all the circles are areas near the problem road sections. The size of L is empirically determined and can typically be 1 km.
As an optional embodiment, for a continuous turning or overpass problem road section containing more than 2 turning points more than 45 degrees, taking the length in the longitudinal and transverse directions not exceeding L/2 as a short-circuit section, and dividing one side exceeding L/2 to obtain a plurality of short-circuit sections; and (3) making an external rectangle of each short circuit section, drawing a circle by taking the intersection point of the diagonals of the rectangle as the center of the circle and taking L as the diameter, wherein the area in the circle is the area near the problem road section.
The embodiment provides a method for processing a special road section, namely a continuous turning or overpass problem road section. The foregoing embodiments are directed to a more normative straight or broken line type or a general curve type road section, and the processing method is not suitable for a more complicated road section such as a continuous turning or an overpass. The continuous turning road section refers to a road section containing more than 2 turning points more than 45 degrees, and the common overpass also belongs to the road section. The segmentation method of such a link is shown in fig. 1, and unlike the previous embodiment, for the side less than L/2, it is not supplemented to L/2 by extension. The method for determining the area around the short-distance segment 1 in fig. 1 is: the circumscribed rectangle of the short-circuit section 1 is drawn with the center of the circumscribed rectangle, i.e., the intersection of the diagonals, as the center of the circle and with the diameter L as the diameter, as shown in fig. 2.
As an optional embodiment, the S104 specifically includes:
calculating the electronic downtilt angle according to the following formulaθ：
downtilt=arctan(height/(radius-extend_radius))
θ=downtilt-θ 0
In the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,downtiltthe total downward inclination angle is the total downward inclination angle,θ 0in order to be a mechanical down-tilt angle,heightis the height of the base station,radiusin order to achieve the theoretical coverage radius of a cell,extend_radiusradius offset for theoretical coverage;
is pressed downFormula calculation electronic azimuth declinationangle：
Wherein (A), (B), (Clon cell ,lat cell ) Clustering center direction vectors for users of the primary serving cell(s) ((lon mdt ,lat mdt ) Is a vector from the base station to the drive test point.
This embodiment provides a method for calculating an electronic downtilt angle and an electronic azimuth angle. The calculation method of the height of the electronic downtilt base station comprises the steps of firstly calculating the total downtilt according to the geometric relation between the total downtilt and the height of the base station and the theoretical coverage radius of a cell, and then subtracting the mechanical downtilt from the total downtilt to obtain the electronic downtilt. The theoretical coverage radius of the cell is subtracted by a theoretical coverage radius offset in the calculation formula in order to eliminate the deviation between the actual coverage radius and the theoretical coverage radius of the cell. The electronic azimuth angle is obtained by constructing two vectors and calculating the included angle between the two vectors. The directions of the two vectors are respectively consistent with the direction of the clustering center of the cell users and the direction of the connecting line of the drive test point and the base station.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating a few embodiments of the present invention, and should not be taken as limiting the scope of the present invention, in which all equivalent changes, modifications, or equivalent scaling-up or down, etc. made in accordance with the spirit of the present invention should be considered as falling within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A road coverage optimization method based on antenna weight adjustment is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, acquiring drive test data, rasterizing user cells, and calculating the signal intensity and signal-to-noise ratio of a main service cell signal in each grid;
step 2, determining problem data points in each grid based on the parameters obtained in the step 1, and generating a problem road section: if the proportion of the problem data points in the road section exceeding the set length in the set time period exceeds the set value, the road section is a problem road section;
step 3, listing base stations and main service cells associated with the problem data points in the area near the problem road section, wherein the cell with the largest problem data point ratio in the main service cell is the cell to be adjusted;
step 4, calculating an electronic downward inclination angle of the antenna according to the height of a base station corresponding to the cell to be adjusted and the theoretical coverage radius of the cell, and calculating an electronic azimuth deflection angle of the antenna according to the user clustering center direction of the cell to be adjusted and the connecting line direction of the drive test point and the base station;
and 5, searching the horizontal beam width and the vertical beam width matched with the electronic downward inclination angle and the electronic azimuth deflection angle in a weight database, and adjusting the weight of the antenna according to the horizontal beam width and the vertical beam width.
2. The method for optimizing road coverage based on antenna weight adjustment according to claim 1, wherein the step 1 calculates the signal strength and signal-to-noise ratio of the main serving cell in each grid according to the following formula:
wherein dl _ rx _ power (i) Is as followsiSignal strength, RSRP of the primary serving cell within a grid: (i)(j) Is as followsiIn the gridjThe signal strength of the cell or cells is,Jis the number of cells, is the number ofiSignal-to-noise ratio in each grid, -126 is LTE noise floor.
3. The method for optimizing road coverage based on antenna weight adjustment according to claim 2, wherein the problem road segment generated in step 2 comprises:
continuous weak coverage road section: the length of the data points exceeds 50 meters within a time period of more than 10 seconds, and more than 70 percent of the data points are the road sections of the weak coverage problem data points; the weak coverage problem data points are data points with signal strength greater than or equal to-140 dbm and less than-105 dbm;
continuous uncovered section: the length of the data points exceeds 50 meters within a time period of more than 10 seconds, and more than 70 percent of the data points are the road sections without coverage problem data points; the non-coverage problem data points are data points with signal intensity less than-140 dbm;
continuous poor-quality road section: the road section has the length of more than 50 meters in a time period of more than 10 seconds and more than 70% of data points are poor quality problem data points; the quality difference problem data points are data points with the signal-to-noise ratio smaller than-1 db;
continuous overlapping coverage section: the data points with the length of more than 50 meters and more than 70 percent in the time period of more than 10 seconds are road sections which are overlapped and cover the problem data points; the data points of the overlapping coverage problem are data points of which the signal strength of the main service cell is less than or equal to-105 dbm and the number of adjacent regions of which the signal strength is 4db greater than that of the main service cell exceeds 3.
4. The method for optimizing road coverage based on antenna weight adjustment according to claim 3, wherein the method for determining the area around the problem road section in step 3 comprises: and dividing the problem road section into short circuit sections with the distance of L from two ends, wherein the short circuit sections which are less than L extend outwards to L, straight line sections between two ends of each short circuit section are used as diameters to draw circles, and the areas in the circles are areas near the problem road section.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein for a problem road section with 2 or more turning points greater than 45 degrees, the length of the longitudinal and transverse directions do not exceed L/2 as a short-circuit section, and one side exceeding L/2 is divided to obtain a plurality of short-circuit sections; and (3) making an external rectangle of each short circuit section, drawing a circle by taking the intersection point of the diagonals of the rectangle as the center of the circle and taking L as the diameter, wherein the area in the circle is the area near the problem road section.
6. The method for optimizing road coverage based on antenna weight adjustment according to claim 5, wherein the step 4 specifically includes:
calculating the electronic downtilt angle according to the following formulaθ：
downtilt=arctan(height/(radius-extend_radius))
θ=downtilt-θ 0
In the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,downtiltthe total downward inclination angle is the total downward inclination angle,θ 0in order to be a mechanical down-tilt angle,heightis the height of the base station,radiusin order to achieve the theoretical coverage radius of a cell,extend_radiusradius offset for theoretical coverage;
calculating the electronic azimuth deflection angle according to the following formulaangle：
Wherein (A), (B), (Clon cell ,lat cell ) Clustering center direction vectors for users of the primary serving cell(s) ((lon mdt ,lat mdt ) Is a vector from the base station to the drive test point.
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