CN111785483A - High-insulation heat-resistant grade high-overload energy-saving transformer - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-insulation heat-resistant grade high-overload energy-saving transformer which comprises an energy-saving transformer shell, a shielding structure, a high-heat-dissipation structure, a transformer insulation assembly structure and a wiring harness protection connecting structure, wherein a pouring base is fixed at the bottom end of the energy-saving transformer shell, a sealing cover plate is arranged on the front end face of the energy-saving transformer shell, the transformer insulation assembly structure is arranged at the rear end of a main body of the energy-saving transformer, the high-heat-dissipation structure is arranged on the inner end faces of the left side and the right side of the energy-saving transformer shell, and the wiring harness protection connecting structure is arranged. The shielding structure can achieve the effects of sun shading and rain proofing on the whole device at the top end of the device, and the solar cell panel can absorb solar energy and convert the solar energy into electric energy for use, so that the electric power used in the device can be independent, and the influence of the quality of the electric power used by the device on a transformer is avoided.

Description

High-insulation heat-resistant grade high-overload energy-saving transformer

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of energy-saving transformers, in particular to a high-insulation heat-resistant grade high-overload energy-saving transformer.

Background

The transformer is a device for changing an ac voltage by using the principle of electromagnetic induction, and its main components are a primary coil, a secondary coil, and an iron core (magnetic core). The main functions of the transformer are: voltage conversion, current conversion, impedance conversion, isolation, voltage stabilization (magnetic saturation transformer), and the like, and can be classified into: power transformers and special transformers. In its most basic form, a transformer comprises two sets of windings wound with conductive wire and inductively coupled to each other. When an alternating current (having a known frequency) flows through one of the coils, an alternating voltage having the same frequency is induced in the other coil, and the magnitude of the induced voltage depends on the degree of coupling and magnetic cross-linking of the two coils. In most cases, the voltage level of the electric energy from the power station to the user passes through at least a 5-stage transformer and can be transmitted to low-voltage electric equipment (380V/220V). Although the transformer is highly efficient, the total loss is still large due to the large number and large capacity of the transformers. According to the estimation, the total loss of the transformer in China accounts for about 10% of the power generation capacity of the system, if the loss is reduced by 1%, billions of degrees of electricity can be saved every year, and therefore, the reduction of the transformer loss is a necessary energy-saving measure. The energy saving of the transformer is a higher requirement on the basis of the product quality requirement and the safe and reliable performance, and additional cost investment such as design, manufacture and the like is brought to meet the requirement of reducing more energy loss of users. .

The general energy-saving transformer has poor insulation effect when using, does not have the effect of high temperature resistance to unable make full use of external energy when using, have the unable independent problem of the inside power consumption of device simultaneously, have the inconvenient problem of power consumption when energy-saving transformer damages like this, for this reason, we provide a high insulation heat-resisting grade high overload's energy-saving transformer that the practicality is higher.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a high-insulation heat-resistant grade high-overload energy-saving transformer, which solves the problems that the existing general energy-saving transformer has poor insulation effect and no high-temperature resistant effect when in use, cannot fully utilize external energy when in use, cannot independently use power in the device and is inconvenient to use when the energy-saving transformer is damaged.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: the energy-saving transformer with high insulation, heat resistance and high overload comprises an energy-saving transformer shell, a shielding structure, a high heat dissipation structure, a transformer insulation assembly structure and a wire harness protection connection structure, wherein a pouring base is fixed at the bottom end of the energy-saving transformer shell, a sealing cover plate is arranged on the front end face of the energy-saving transformer shell, an observation and detection window is embedded in the sealing cover plate, assembly handles are arranged on the left side and the right side of the energy-saving transformer shell, heat dissipation separation holes are arranged on the upper side and the lower side of each assembly handle, the shielding structure is installed above the energy-saving transformer shell, an energy-saving transformer main body is arranged in the energy-saving transformer shell, the lower end of the energy-saving transformer main body is connected with a voltage stabilizer, the transformer insulation assembly structure is arranged at the rear end of the energy-, and the upper end face of the interior of the energy-saving transformer shell is provided with a lighting lamp, the inner surface of the sealing cover plate is provided with a fastening lock, the high heat dissipation structure is arranged on the inner end faces of the left side and the right side of the energy-saving transformer shell, and the wiring harness protection connecting structure is arranged on the rear end face of the energy-saving transformer shell.

Preferably, the energy-saving transformer shell is made of composite plastic, the pouring base is made of concrete, the sealing cover plate is connected with the energy-saving transformer shell through the connecting hinge, the fastening lock and the sealing structure, and the observation and detection window is made of glass.

Preferably, the shielding structure comprises a solar cell panel, a support frame, a storage battery and an inverter, wherein the support frame is connected to the inner side surface of the solar cell panel, the storage battery is installed on the lower left side of the support frame, and the inverter is installed on the lower right side of the support frame.

Preferably, the number of the solar cell panels is two, the solar cell panels are distributed in an inverted V shape, and the solar cell panels are electrically connected with the storage battery through the wires and the inverter.

Preferably, the high heat radiation structure comprises a heat radiation base, a heat radiation baffle, a heat radiation motor and a heat radiation fan, wherein the heat radiation baffle is arranged at the middle position of the heat radiation base, the heat radiation motor is arranged at the middle position of the inner side of the heat radiation baffle, and the heat radiation fan is arranged at the output end of the heat radiation motor.

Preferably, the high heat dissipation structure is provided with two groups, a rotation structure is formed between the heat dissipation motor and the heat dissipation fan, and the heat dissipation partition plate is of a hollow structure.

Preferably, insulating assembly structure of transformer includes that fixing bolt, rubber gasket, assembly are inlayed and are strengthened the steel sheet and bear the assembly jig, and fixing bolt's inboard is connected with the rubber gasket to fixing bolt's end is provided with the assembly and inlays the steel sheet, and the upper and lower both ends of inlaying the steel sheet of strengthening are inlayed in the assembly simultaneously all are provided with and bear the assembly jig.

Preferably, the U-shaped structure is formed between the assembly embedded reinforced steel plate and the bearing assembly frame, and the energy-saving transformer main body is in threaded connection with the assembly embedded reinforced steel plate through a fixing bolt and a rubber gasket.

Preferably, the harness protection connection structure comprises a rubber harness perforation, a connection cord and a rubber assembly rod, wherein one end of the rubber assembly rod is connected with the connection cord, and the rubber harness perforation is arranged above the connection cord.

Preferably, the rubber assembly rod is inserted into the rubber wire harness through hole, and the rubber assembly rod and the rubber wire harness through hole are both of elastic structures.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

1. according to the invention, the energy-saving transformer shell which is made of composite plastic materials can play a role of high insulation, so that the energy-saving transformer shell made of plastic materials can play a role of sun shading and protection when sleeved on the outer side of the energy-saving transformer main body, the pouring base formed by pouring the concrete can ensure the stability of the whole structure bearing of the transformer, the arranged sealing cover plate can open the energy-saving transformer shell through rotation to conveniently overhaul and maintain a transformer inside the device, and the arranged transparent observation detection window can conveniently observe equipment inside the device.

2. The shielding structure can achieve the sun-shading and rain-proof effects on the whole device at the top end of the device, and the solar cell panel can absorb solar energy and convert the solar energy into electric energy for use, so that the electric power used in the device can be independent, the influence of the transformer on the electric power used by the device is avoided, and meanwhile, the converted electric energy provides energy for heat dissipation and high temperature resistance of the device.

3. The high heat dissipation structure can play a role in dissipating heat for the operation of the device, so that the heat-resisting effect of the device can be improved, different parts in the device can be subjected to heat dissipation treatment through the arranged high heat dissipation structures which are arranged in a staggered mode, when heat is dissipated, the heat dissipation motor can absorb outside air from the heat dissipation separation holes on the same side by driving the heat dissipation fan to rotate, and meanwhile, heat dissipation treatment can be performed through the heat dissipation separation holes on the opposite side.

4. The transformer insulation assembly structure provided by the invention can be used for carrying and assembling the whole energy-saving transformer main body, so that the convenience of assembling the energy-saving transformer main body can be improved, and the assembly embedded reinforced steel plate with the metal structure is embedded in the energy-saving transformer shell with the plastic structure, so that the problem of electric leakage wires of the energy-saving transformer main body can be avoided, and the safety of the device in use can be improved.

5. The wire harness protection connecting structure can protect input and output wire harnesses of the transformer, the wire harnesses of the transformer can pass through rubber wire harness through holes of the rubber structure to be connected, so that the problem of electric leakage caused by friction between the wire harnesses and the device can be avoided, meanwhile, the unused rubber wire harness through holes can be blocked through the rubber assembly rod, so that insects and ants and the like can be prevented from entering the device through the rubber wire harness through holes to influence the normal use of the device, and the practicability of the high-insulation heat-resistant grade high-overload energy-saving transformer is greatly improved.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a partially unfolded sealing cover according to the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic side view of the high heat dissipation structure of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the rear end face of the energy-saving transformer housing according to the present invention;

fig. 5 is a schematic side view of a shielding structure of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a three-dimensional structure of the connection between the assembled inlaid reinforcing steel plate and the bearing assembly frame according to the present invention;

fig. 7 is a schematic side view of the connection structure for protecting the wire harness according to the present invention.

In the figure: 1. an energy-saving transformer housing; 2. pouring a base; 3. sealing the cover plate; 4. observing the detection window; 5. assembling a handle; 6. heat dissipation isolation holes; 7. a shielding structure; 701. a solar panel; 702. a support frame; 703. a storage battery; 704. an inverter; 8. an energy-saving transformer main body; 9. a voltage regulator; 10. connecting a hinge; 11. fastening and locking; 12. a high heat dissipation structure; 121. a heat dissipation base; 122. a heat dissipating partition; 123. a heat dissipation motor; 124. a heat dissipation fan; 13. a transformer insulation assembly structure; 131. fixing the bolt; 132. a rubber gasket; 133. assembling and embedding a reinforced steel plate; 134. a load bearing assembly frame; 14. a harness protection connection structure; 141. perforating the rubber wire harness; 142. connecting a rope; 143. a rubber assembly rod; 15. an illuminating lamp.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specified; the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "inner", "outer", "front", "rear", "head", "tail", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are only for convenience in describing and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed in a particular orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," "third," and the like are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

Referring to fig. 1-7, a high insulation heat-resistant grade high overload energy-saving transformer includes an energy-saving transformer housing 1, a shielding structure 7, a high heat dissipation structure 12, a transformer insulation assembly structure 13 and a harness protection connection structure 14, a casting base 2 is fixed at the bottom end of the energy-saving transformer housing 1, a sealing cover plate 3 is disposed on the front end surface of the energy-saving transformer housing 1, an observation detection window 4 is embedded in the sealing cover plate 3, assembly handles 5 are disposed on the left and right sides of the energy-saving transformer housing 1, heat dissipation separation holes 6 are disposed on the upper and lower sides of the assembly handles 5, the shielding structure 7 is mounted above the energy-saving transformer housing 1, the shielding structure 7 includes a solar panel 701, a support frame 702, a storage battery 703 and an inverter 704, the inner side of the solar panel 701 is connected with the support frame 702, and the storage battery 703 is mounted on the, meanwhile, an inverter 704 is installed on the lower right side of the support frame 702, two solar panels 701 are arranged, the solar panels 701 are distributed in an inverted V shape, the solar panels 701 are electrically connected with the storage battery 703 through leads, the shielding structure 7 can achieve the sun-shading and rain-proof effects on the whole device at the top end of the device, the solar panels 701 can absorb solar energy and convert the solar energy into electric energy for use, so that the electric power used in the device can be independent, the electric power used by the device is prevented from being influenced by the quality of a transformer, and meanwhile, the converted electric energy provides energy for heat dissipation and high temperature resistance of the device;

an energy-saving transformer main body 8 is arranged in an energy-saving transformer shell 1, a voltage stabilizer 9 is connected with the lower end of the energy-saving transformer main body 8, a transformer insulation assembly structure 13 is arranged at the rear end of the energy-saving transformer main body 8, the transformer insulation assembly structure 13 comprises a fixing bolt 131, a rubber gasket 132, an assembly embedded reinforced steel plate 133 and a bearing assembly frame 134, the rubber gasket 132 is connected with the inner side of the fixing bolt 131, the assembly embedded reinforced steel plate 133 is arranged at the tail end of the fixing bolt 131, the bearing assembly frames 134 are arranged at the upper end and the lower end of the assembly embedded reinforced steel plate 133, a U-shaped structure is formed between the assembly embedded reinforced steel plate 133 and the bearing assembly frame 134, the energy-saving transformer main body 8 is in threaded connection with the assembly embedded reinforced steel plate 133 through the fixing bolt 131 and the rubber gasket 132, and the transformer insulation assembly structure 13 is arranged to, therefore, the convenience of assembling the energy-saving transformer main body 8 can be improved, and the assembled embedded reinforcing steel plate 133 with the metal structure is embedded in the energy-saving transformer shell 1 with the plastic structure, so that the problem of electric leakage of the energy-saving transformer main body 8 can be avoided, and the safety of the device in use can be improved;

one side of the energy-saving transformer shell 1 is connected with a connecting hinge 10, the upper end surface inside the energy-saving transformer shell 1 is provided with an illuminating lamp 15, the inner surface of a sealing cover plate 3 is provided with a fastening lock 11, the energy-saving transformer shell 1 is made of composite plastic materials, the pouring base 2 is made of concrete materials, the sealing cover plate 3 forms a sealing structure with the energy-saving transformer shell 1 through the connecting hinge 10 and the fastening lock 11, meanwhile, an observation and detection window 4 is made of glass materials, the energy-saving transformer shell 1 which is made of composite plastic materials can play a role in high insulation, the energy-saving transformer shell 1 made of plastic materials can also play a role in sunshade protection when being sleeved outside the energy-saving transformer main body 8, and the pouring base 2 formed by pouring concrete can ensure the stability of the whole structure of the transformer, the arranged sealing cover plate 3 can open the energy-saving transformer shell 1 through rotation to facilitate the overhaul and maintenance of a transformer inside the device, and the arranged transparent observation detection window 4 can facilitate the observation of equipment inside the device;

the high heat dissipation structure 12 is installed on the inner end surfaces of the left and right sides of the energy-saving transformer housing 1, the high heat dissipation structure 12 includes a heat dissipation base 121, a heat dissipation partition plate 122, a heat dissipation motor 123 and a heat dissipation fan 124, the heat dissipation partition plate 122 is installed at the middle position of the heat dissipation base 121, the heat dissipation motor 123 is installed at the middle position of the inner side of the heat dissipation partition plate 122, the output end of the heat dissipation motor 123 is provided with the heat dissipation fan 124, two sets of high heat dissipation structures 12 are installed, a rotating structure is formed between the heat dissipation motor 123 and the heat dissipation fan 124, the structure of the heat dissipation partition plate 122 is a hollow structure, the installed high heat dissipation structure 12 can play a heat dissipation effect on the operation of the device, so that the heat resistance effect of the device can be improved, the heat dissipation processing can be performed on different parts inside the device through the installed high heat dissipation structures 12 which are arranged in a staggered manner, meanwhile, heat dissipation treatment can be carried out through the heat dissipation isolation holes 6 on the opposite side;

the wiring harness protection connecting structure 14 is arranged on the rear end face of the energy-saving transformer shell 1, the wiring harness protection connecting structure 14 comprises a rubber wiring harness perforation 141, a connecting cord 142 and a rubber assembling rod 143, one end of the rubber assembling rod 143 is connected with the connecting cord 142, the rubber wiring harness perforation 141 is arranged above the connecting cord 142, the rubber assembling rod 143 is in plug-in connection with the rubber wiring harness perforation 141, the rubber assembling rod 143 and the rubber wiring harness perforation 141 are both elastic structures, the provided wiring harness protection connecting structure 14 can protect input and output wiring harnesses of the transformer, wiring harnesses of the transformer can penetrate through the rubber wiring harness perforation 141 of the rubber structure to be connected, the problem of electricity leakage caused by friction between the wiring harnesses and the device can be avoided, meanwhile, the unused rubber wiring harness perforation 141 can be blocked by the rubber assembling rod 143, and the normal use of the device can be prevented from being influenced by insects and the like entering the device through the rubber perforation 141, the practicability of the high-insulation heat-resistant grade high-overload energy-saving transformer is greatly improved.

The working principle is as follows: for the energy-saving transformer with high insulation, heat resistance and high overload, firstly, the device can be lifted up through the assembly handles 5 at two sides, the device can be arranged at a proper position through the pouring base 2 poured by concrete, the fastening lock 11 is opened, the sealing cover plate 3 is pulled, the sealing cover plate 3 can be rotated to open the energy-saving transformer shell 1 through the connecting hinge 10, the running condition of equipment in the energy-saving transformer shell 1 can be observed through the observation and detection window 4 with a glass structure, the energy-saving transformer main body 8 can be assembled and installed on the bearing assembly frame 134, meanwhile, four corners of the energy-saving transformer main body 8 can be fixed on the assembly embedded reinforced steel plate 133 through the fixing bolts 131 and the rubber gaskets 132, the assembly embedded reinforced steel plate 133 is embedded on the energy-saving transformer shell 1, so as to ensure the assembly stability of the energy-saving transformer main body 8, the rubber assembly rod 143 can be pulled out of the rubber harness through hole 141, meanwhile, the wiring harness connected to the energy-saving transformer main body 8 can penetrate out of the energy-saving transformer casing 1 through the rubber wiring harness through hole 141 to be connected with external electric equipment, so that abrasion between the wiring harness and the energy-saving transformer casing 1 can be avoided, the arranged solar cell panel 701 can play a role of shading sun, so that the problem of heat accumulation inside the energy-saving transformer casing 1 caused by direct sunlight can be avoided, simultaneously, light energy can be converted into electric energy to be used, the converted electric energy can be stored in the storage battery 703 through the inverter 704, the storage battery 703 can supply power for the heat dissipation motor 123 and the illuminating lamp 15, when the temperature inside the energy-saving transformer casing 1 is overhigh, the heat dissipation motor 123 is started, the heat dissipation motor 123 can drive the heat dissipation fan 124 to rotate, so that the temperature inside the device can be blown out of the heat dissipation separation holes 6 through the heat dissipation partition plates 122, and the heat dissipation, so can improve energy-saving transformer's heat resistance, can conveniently overhaul the processing to the transformer through bright light 15, electric connection between stabiliser 9 of installation simultaneously and the energy-saving transformer main part 8, so can play the problem of preventing transshipping for whole high insulation heat-resisting grade high overload energy-saving transformer's practicality obtains fine improvement, accomplishes whole high insulation heat-resisting grade high overload energy-saving transformer's use just so.

Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims (10)

1. High insulating heat-resisting grade high overloaded energy-saving transformer, including energy-saving transformer casing (1), shield structure (7), high heat radiation structure (12), transformer insulation assembly structure (13) and pencil protection connection structure (14), its characterized in that: the energy-saving transformer comprises an energy-saving transformer shell (1), and is characterized in that a pouring base (2) is fixed at the bottom end of the energy-saving transformer shell (1), a sealing cover plate (3) is arranged on the front end face of the energy-saving transformer shell (1), an observation and detection window (4) is embedded in the sealing cover plate (3), assembly handles (5) are arranged on the left side and the right side of the energy-saving transformer shell (1), heat dissipation separation holes (6) are formed in the upper side and the lower side of each assembly handle (5), a shielding structure (7) is installed above the energy-saving transformer shell (1), an energy-saving transformer main body (8) is arranged in the energy-saving transformer shell (1), the lower end of the energy-saving transformer main body (8) is connected with a voltage stabilizer (9), a transformer insulation assembly structure (13) is arranged at the rear end of the energy-saving transformer, and the upper end face of the interior of the energy-saving transformer shell (1) is provided with an illuminating lamp (15), the inner surface of the sealing cover plate (3) is provided with a fastening lock (11), the high heat dissipation structure (12) is arranged on the inner end faces of the left side and the right side of the energy-saving transformer shell (1), and the wiring harness protection connecting structure (14) is arranged on the rear end face of the energy-saving transformer shell (1).

2. The high insulation heat-resistant grade high overload energy-saving transformer according to claim 1, wherein: the energy-saving transformer casing (1) is made of composite plastic, the pouring base (2) is made of concrete, the sealing cover plate (3) is connected with the energy-saving transformer casing (1) through the connecting hinge (10) and the fastening lock (11) to form a sealing structure, and the observation and detection window (4) is made of glass.

3. The high insulation heat-resistant grade high overload energy-saving transformer according to claim 1, wherein: the shielding structure (7) comprises a solar panel (701), a support frame (702), a storage battery (703) and an inverter (704), wherein the support frame (702) is connected to the inner side surface of the solar panel (701), the storage battery (703) is installed on the lower left side of the support frame (702), and the inverter (704) is installed on the lower right side of the support frame (702).

4. The high insulation heat-resistant grade high overload energy-saving transformer according to claim 3, wherein: the solar cell panels (701) are arranged in two, the solar cell panels (701) are distributed in an inverted V shape, and the solar cell panels (701) are electrically connected with the storage battery (703) through the conducting wires and the inverter (704).

5. The high insulation heat-resistant grade high overload energy-saving transformer according to claim 1, wherein: the high heat dissipation structure (12) comprises a heat dissipation base (121), a heat dissipation partition plate (122), a heat dissipation motor (123) and a heat dissipation fan (124), wherein the heat dissipation partition plate (122) is arranged at the middle position of the heat dissipation base (121), the heat dissipation motor (123) is arranged at the middle position of the inner side of the heat dissipation partition plate (122), and the heat dissipation fan (124) is arranged at the output end of the heat dissipation motor (123).

6. The high insulation heat-resistant grade high overload energy-saving transformer according to claim 5, wherein: the high heat dissipation structure (12) is provided with two groups, a rotating structure is formed between the heat dissipation motor (123) and the heat dissipation fan (124), and the heat dissipation partition plate (122) is of a hollow structure.

7. The high insulation heat-resistant grade high overload energy-saving transformer according to claim 1, wherein: insulating assembly structure of transformer (13) is including fixing bolt (131), rubber gasket (132), the reinforcing steel plate (133) is inlayed in the assembly and bear assembly jig (134), and the inboard of fixing bolt (131) is connected with rubber gasket (132) to the end of fixing bolt (131) is provided with the assembly and inlays reinforcing steel plate (133), and the upper and lower both ends of inlaying reinforcing steel plate (133) in the assembly simultaneously all are provided with and bear assembly jig (134).

8. The high insulation heat-resistant grade high overload energy-saving transformer according to claim 7, wherein: the assembly embedded reinforced steel plate (133) and the bearing assembly frame (134) form a U-shaped structure, and the energy-saving transformer main body (8) is in threaded connection with the assembly embedded reinforced steel plate (133) through a fixing bolt (131) and a rubber gasket (132).

9. The high insulation heat-resistant grade high overload energy-saving transformer according to claim 1, wherein: the wiring harness protection connecting structure (14) comprises a rubber wiring harness perforation (141), a connecting rope (142) and a rubber assembling rod (143), one end of the rubber assembling rod (143) is connected with the connecting rope (142), and the rubber wiring harness perforation (141) is arranged above the connecting rope (142).

10. The high insulation heat-resistant grade high overload energy-saving transformer according to claim 9, wherein: the rubber assembly rod (143) is inserted into the rubber wire harness through hole (141), and the rubber assembly rod (143) and the rubber wire harness through hole (141) are both of an elastic structure.

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