CN111783198A - Suspension bridge refined power analysis method based on double-beam model - Google Patents
Suspension bridge refined power analysis method based on double-beam model Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a dynamic modeling and dynamic characteristic solving method of a single-span suspension bridge, which adopts a double-beam model connected by a plurality of discrete springs to dynamically model the suspension bridge, considers the bending rigidity of a main cable, the rigidity of a suspender and the axial force action possibly borne by a main beam, and is used for dynamic analysis of self-anchored and ground-anchored suspension bridges; establishing a coupling vibration differential equation of the dynamic model, solving the method by applying a dynamic stiffness method and obtaining a closed form suspension bridge frequency equation; the solution of the frequency equation is realized through a numerical iteration algorithm, and further the modal frequency and the mode shape of the system are obtained. The method has the advantages of simple process and clear physical significance, and can be more reliably applied to the dynamic analysis of the engineering structure due to the fact that the method is a frequency domain solution in nature, is good in stability and high in calculation efficiency, and has higher calculation precision compared with the traditional numerical solution.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of structural dynamics, and particularly relates to a suspension bridge refined dynamic analysis method based on a double-beam model.
Background
The suspension bridge is known as the main structural form of the bridge with extra-large span due to simple structure, definite stress, strong spanning capability and the like. The dynamic characteristic analysis of the large-span suspension bridge is usually carried out by adopting a finite element method, the accuracy of an analysis result is directly influenced if the structural rigidity, the quality and the boundary condition are correctly simulated, and the dynamic characteristic is the basis of the wind-resistant and earthquake-resistant analysis of the structure. Since the main cable of the suspension bridge is not replaceable and the safety of the main cable is crucial to the bearing capacity and safety of the full bridge, it is necessary to perform a fine modeling analysis on the dynamic characteristics of the main cable. However, in the existing research, when a suspension bridge is subjected to modeling analysis, a main cable is generally simplified, namely, a rod unit is used for modeling, and geometric nonlinearity caused by the sag effect is generally processed by an Ernst equivalent elastic modulus formula. The following problems can be caused when the main cable is subjected to dynamic characteristic analysis by the treatment mode: (1) due to the fact that bending rigidity of the main cable is ignored, when the main cable or the main cable with small span is analyzed, the calculation result is likely to have large errors; (2) it is difficult to account for the additional cable force effect due to elastic elongation when the main cable vibrates.
Because the main cable has very big initial tension under the dead load effect, provide powerful "gravity rigidity" to follow-up structural shape, and the amount of deflection of stiffening beam is subordinate to the main cable, along with the increase of span, the influence of stiffening beam's bending rigidity to structural rigidity also reduces gradually. Therefore, it is necessary to perform refined modeling on the main cable of the suspension bridge and develop a set of refined dynamic analysis theory of the suspension bridge, which needs to improve the existing mechanical model and analysis theory of the suspension bridge.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem solved by the invention is as follows: the invention aims to provide a suspension bridge refined dynamic analysis model and a solving method aiming at the defects of the prior art, wherein the model can better accord with the actual situation and can be more reliably used for the occasions of structural design, dynamic characteristic analysis, vibration control and the like of a bridge structure.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a suspension bridge refined power analysis method based on a double-beam model comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: the suspension bridge dynamics modeling based on the double-beam model establishes a system motion differential equation set, and comprises the following substeps:
the first substep: the double-beam model is composed of two beams and a plurality of discrete spring setsThe two beams are connected through a spring and are respectively used for simulating a main cable and a main beam of the suspension bridge. The springs being adapted to simulate the suspension rod, k, of a suspension bridgeiRepresenting the stiffness coefficients of the i springs, wherein the stiffness coefficients are equal to the axial stiffness of the ith suspension rod; lsiRepresenting the distance of the ith boom from the left end point; the upper beam in the model with sag represents the main cable of the suspension bridge, the lower beam is used for simulating the main beam of the suspension bridge, and the main span of the suspension bridge is l0(ii) a In the vibration process, each unit (respectively called cable section and beam section) of the main cable and the main beam divided by the suspension rod follows different motion configurations, so that a local coordinate system needs to be respectively established on each cable section and each beam section; defining the ith cable segment and the beam segment as S respectivelyciAnd SgiThe local coordinate systems of the two are respectively (X)ci,Yci) And (X)giY), the overall coordinate system of the system is (x, y);
and a second substep: according to the Hamilton principle, the motion differential equation of each cable section and beam section of the suspension bridge under a local coordinate system is established as follows:
wherein E1I1(E2I2)、m1(m2)、H1(H2) Bending rigidity, mass per linear meter and horizontal tension (compression) force borne by the main cable (main beam) are respectively provided; u. of1iAnd u2iRespectively the displacement function of the ith unit of the main cable and the ith unit of the main beam; () ' representing the spatial coordinate X in the local coordinate systemciOr XgiDerivation, (. cndot.) denotes derivation over time t; (. is a dirac function; y isiThe initial static configuration of the ith cable section of the main cable; thetaiAn acute angle is formed between the ith suspension rod and the normal direction of the main cable;
in the formula hiFor the additional cable force caused by the elastic elongation when the ith cable section of the main cable vibrates, the calculation formula is as follows:
Wherein A is1Andi(t) represents the cross-sectional area of the main cable and the dynamic strain of the cable section,/iIs the axial length of the ith cable segment, and can be defined byi=lsi-lsi-1Determining;represents the curve length of i cable segments;
step two: applying a separation variable method to the formulas (1) and (2) and solving the separation variable method to obtain the vibration mode function of the main cable and the main beam after the dimensionlessAndthe following were used:
wherein mui=li/l0,ξ1i=Xci/x,ξ2i=Xgi/x, Wherein n is 1,2, 1 represents a main cable and 2 represents a main beam;
(4) And the coefficients in the formulae (5)Unknown constants which depend on the boundary conditions of the structure can be eliminated in the subsequent analysis process by substitution, and the system modal frequency omega is determined after the system modal frequency omega is obtained.
Step three: calculating a unit dynamic stiffness matrix K(j)The method comprises the following substeps:
the first substep: for convenience of expression, expressions (4) and (5) are further written in the form of a matrix as follows:
Wherein
Obtaining B from the formula (9)(i)Then, according to the node displacement U(i)The relation with the displacement function can be used for displacing the node of the ith cable segment and the beam segment by a vector U(i)Uniformly expressed as:
U(i)=C(i)·A(i)(10)
wherein Andrespectively showing the displacement and the rotation angle of the left end node of the ith cable segment,andrespectively representing the displacement and the rotation angle of a node at the right end of the ith cable segment;andrespectively showing the displacement and the rotation angle of the left end node of the ith beam section,andrespectively representing the displacement and the rotation angle of the right end node of the ith beam section;
combining with the node force balance condition
Wherein ν ═ E2I2/E1I1. Formula (11) can be further written as
F(i)=K(i)·U(i)(12)
Wherein the cell stiffness matrix K(i)Can be determined by
Step four: for each unit rigidity matrix K(i)And performing grouping to obtain a total dynamic stiffness matrix K under the integral coordinate system.
The matrix K is a square matrix of system modal frequencies ω, which is the root of the frequency equation | K (ω) | 0. Where | is a determinant symbol. The solution of the frequency equation | K (ω) | 0 can be realized by means of a conventional numerical iterative algorithm, such as a Newton method or a Muller method, so as to obtain the modal frequency ω of each order of the system;
step five: substituting the obtained modal frequency omega into the formulas (4) and (5), and determining the undetermined coefficient by combining boundary conditionsFurther, the modal shape of each order of the system can be obtainedAnd
the further technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the matrix K in the fourth step is a square matrix related to the system modal frequency ω, where ω is each root of the frequency equation | K (ω) | 0; | · | is a determinant symbol; the accurate solution of the equation can be solved by adopting conventional numerical iterative algorithms such as a Netwon method, a Muller algorithm and the like, and further, the modal frequency omega of each order of the system can be obtained.
Effects of the invention
The invention has the technical effects that:
1. at present, a quick and effective analysis method is lacked for solving the dynamic characteristics of the suspension bridge, so that the dynamic analysis mostly adopts a numerical solution represented by a finite element method, the calculation efficiency is low, and the batch parameter analysis is inconvenient. The method provided by the invention is a frequency domain solution, and the solving process is in a closed form, so that the method has higher calculation efficiency and precision compared with the traditional time domain solution.
2. The method has simple process, provides the closed solution of the frequency equation of the suspension bridge according to the dynamic stiffness method, and realizes the solution of the modal frequency and the mode shape of the system by solving the frequency equation. The invention establishes a set of complete and fine dynamic models which fully consider the influence of the rigidity of the main cable, the main beam and the suspender of the suspension bridge, and provides a general solving process of the dynamic characteristic of the system, so that engineering personnel can be conveniently applied to the optimized design of the structure of the suspension bridge, the health monitoring, the vibration control and the like.
3. Description of the drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the calculation
FIG. 2 is a simplified dynamics model diagram of a single span suspension bridge
Detailed Description
Referring to fig. 1-2, the refined dynamic analysis method for the large-span suspension bridge according to the present invention includes the following steps:
1. the suspension bridge is dynamically modeled according to the double-beam model provided by the invention (figure 2), and a motion differential equation set of the suspension bridge is established according to the Hamilton principle;
2. calculating the additional cable force h of each cable section of the main cable divided by the suspenderiEstablishing motion differential equation of each cable segment under local coordinate system, transforming the motion differential equation to frequency domain by adopting separation variable method and solving vibration mode function of the motion differential equation
3. From hjCalculating a sag matrix B of each cable section of the main cable(i)Calculating an excessive matrix C by combining the node displacement continuous condition and the force balance condition(i)And D(i)Finally calculating the dynamic stiffness matrix K of the unit(i):
4. Grouping the dynamic stiffness matrixes of the units to obtain an integral dynamic stiffness matrix K of the suspension bridge;
5. calculating a frequency equation | K (omega) | 0 according to a Wittrick-Williams algorithm, wherein the root of the transcendental equation is the modal frequency of each order of the system;
6. substituting the obtained modal frequency omega into the general solutionMethod for solving undetermined coefficient by combining boundary conditionsAnd then the corresponding mode shape is obtained.
The technical solution of the present invention is described in detail below, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the embodiments. As shown in FIG. 1, the fast fine analysis method for the single span suspension bridge of the present invention comprises the following steps:
1. establishing a suspension bridge dynamic model as shown in the attached figure 2, and establishing a suspension bridge motion differential equation according to the Hamilton principle as follows:
wherein E1I1(E2I2)、m1(m2)、H1(H2) Bending rigidity, mass per linear meter and horizontal tension (compression) force borne by the main cable (main beam) are respectively provided; u. of1iAnd u2iRespectively the displacement function of the ith unit of the main cable and the ith unit of the main beam; k is a radical ofiThe stiffness of the ith boom; () ' represents the derivation of the spatial coordinate x, (-) represents the derivation of time t; lsiThe abscissa position of the ith suspension rod is shown; (. is a dirac function; y isiThe initial configuration of the ith cable segment of the main cable; thetaiiThe included angle between the normal direction of the main cable and the suspension rod is an acute angle.
The additional cable force caused by elastic elongation when the ith cable segment of the main cable vibrates.
Will be provided withAndsubstituting equations (15) and (16) and performing dimensionless processingSolving the general solution to obtain the vibration mode functions of the units of the main cable and the main beam as follows:
whereinliIs the length of the ith cell (see FIG. 2), l0In order to realize the main span of the suspension bridge,
wherein8 undetermined coefficientsThe method can be determined by boundary conditions of the cable unit and the beam unit, namely the undetermined coefficient should satisfy the following relation:
3. unit dynamic stiffness matrix K(i)Is solved for
(4) And (5) the equations may be further expressed in matrix form as follows:
Wherein
Find B(i)Then, according to the node displacement U(i)The relationship to the displacement function may represent the node displacement as:
U(i)=C(i)·A(i)(24)
wherein
Combining with the node force balance condition
Wherein
Wherein ν ═ E2I2/E1I1. Formula (25) can be further written as
F(i)=K(i)·U(i)(26)
4. Solving of integral dynamic stiffness matrix K
According to the vertical rigidity k of the suspenderiAnd a unit dynamic stiffness matrix K(j)Namely, the integral rigidity matrix K can be obtained by superposing the rigidity contribution of each unit to the integral structure according to the method which is the same as the finite element method unit rigidity matrix grouping process,and then obtaining an integral dynamic stiffness matrix K under an integral coordinate system.
The above formula is an overall dynamic stiffness matrix of a suspension bridge with dual booms, wherein,matrix K of unit rigidity and significance of upper and lower marks of each element in matrix(j)Are identical.
5. Solving of frequency equations
After the overall stiffness matrix K is obtained, solving the characteristic equation det (K (ω)) -0 to obtain the modal frequency ω of each order of the system. The equations are typically transcendental equations that can be solved by numerical iterative algorithms, such as the Newton and Muller methods, among others.
6. Solving for vibration pattern
Calculating the ith order modal frequency omega of the systemiThen, it can be substituted back to the formulas (4) and (5)Andthen substituting the expressions of the two into the expression (20) to obtain the coefficientFinally determining the modal vibration modes of the main cable and the main beamAnd
Claims (2)
1. a suspension bridge fine power analysis method based on a double-beam model is characterized by comprising the following steps: the suspension bridge dynamics modeling based on the double-beam model establishes a system motion differential equation set, and comprises the following substeps:
the first substep: the double-beam model is connected by a plurality of discrete springs, and each spring is used for simulating a suspender, k of the suspension bridgeiRepresenting the stiffness coefficients of the i springs, wherein the stiffness coefficients are equal to the axial stiffness of the ith suspension rod; lsiRepresenting the distance of the ith boom from the left end point; the upper beam in the model with sag represents the main cable of the suspension bridge, the lower beam is used for simulating the main beam of the suspension bridge, and the main span of the suspension bridge is l0(ii) a In the vibration process, each unit (respectively called cable section and beam section) of the main cable and the main beam divided by the suspension rod follows different motion configurations, so that a local coordinate system needs to be respectively established on each cable section and each beam section; defining the ith cable segment and the beam segment as S respectivelyciAnd SgiThe local coordinate systems of the two are respectively (X)ci,Yci) And (X)giY), the overall coordinate system of the system is (x, y);
and a second substep: according to the Hamilton principle, the motion differential equation of each cable section and beam section of the suspension bridge under a local coordinate system is established as follows:
wherein E1I1(E2I2)、m1(m2)、H1(H2) Bending rigidity, mass per linear meter and horizontal tension (compression) force borne by the main cable (main beam) are respectively provided; u. of1iAnd u2iRespectively the displacement function of the ith unit of the main cable and the ith unit of the main beam; () ' representing the spatial coordinate X in the local coordinate systemciOr XgiDerivation, (. cndot.) denotes derivation over time t; (. is a dirac function; y isiThe initial static configuration of the ith cable section of the main cable; thetaiAn acute angle is formed between the ith suspension rod and the normal direction of the main cable;
in the formula hiFor the additional cable force due to elastic elongation when the ith cable section of the main cable vibrates, the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein A is1Andi(t) represents the cross-sectional area of the main cable and the dynamic strain of the cable section,/iIs the axial length of the ith cable segment, and can be defined byi=lsi-lsi-1Determining;represents the curve length of i cable segments;
step two: applying a separation variable method to the formulas (1) and (2) and solving the separation variable method to obtain the vibration mode function of the main cable and the main beam after the dimensionlessAndthe following were used:
wherein mui=li/l0,ξ1i=Xci/x,ξ2i=Xgi/x, Wherein n is 1,2, 1 represents a main cable and 2 represents a main beam;
step three: calculating a unit dynamic stiffness matrix K(j)Comprising the following substeps:
the first substep: for convenience of expression, expressions (4) and (5) are further written in the form of a matrix as follows:
Wherein
Obtaining B from the formula (9)(i)Then, according to the node displacement U(i)The relation with the displacement function can be used for displacing the node of the ith cable segment and the beam segment by a vector U(i)Uniformly expressed as:
U(i)=C(i)·A(i)(10)
wherein Andrespectively showing the displacement and the rotation angle of the left end node of the ith cable segment,andrespectively representing the displacement and the rotation angle of a node at the right end of the ith cable segment;andrespectively showing the displacement and the rotation angle of the left end node of the ith beam section,andrespectively representing the displacement and the rotation angle of the right end node of the ith beam section;
combining with the node force balance condition
Wherein ν ═ E2I2/E1I1. Formula (11) can be further written as
F(i)=K(i)·U(i)(12)
Wherein the cell stiffness matrix K(i)Can be determined by
Step four: for each unit rigidity matrix K(i)And performing grouping to obtain a total dynamic stiffness matrix K under the integral coordinate system.
2. the method for fine power analysis of a suspension bridge based on a dual-beam model as claimed in claim 1, wherein the matrix K in the fourth step is a square matrix related to the system modal frequency ω, where ω is each root of the frequency equation | K (ω) | 0; | · | is a determinant symbol; the accurate solution of the equation can be solved by adopting conventional numerical iterative algorithms such as a Netwon method, a Muller algorithm and the like, and further, the modal frequency omega of each order of the system can be obtained.
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CN112575672A (en) * | 2020-11-17 | 2021-03-30 | 南京理工大学 | Method for designing and restraining bridge vortex vibration force vibration absorber based on network synthesis method |
CN112651072A (en) * | 2021-01-06 | 2021-04-13 | 华南理工大学 | Suspension bridge double-sling parameter identification method based on cable net model |
CN114065429A (en) * | 2021-11-18 | 2022-02-18 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Method for solving inherent characteristics of single-symmetrical-section wind turbine blade |
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CN114065429A (en) * | 2021-11-18 | 2022-02-18 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Method for solving inherent characteristics of single-symmetrical-section wind turbine blade |
CN114065429B (en) * | 2021-11-18 | 2023-04-18 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Method for solving inherent characteristics of single-symmetrical-section wind turbine blade |
CN115017681A (en) * | 2022-05-10 | 2022-09-06 | 西北工业大学 | Fine analysis method for dynamic characteristics of small-sag stay cable |
CN115017681B (en) * | 2022-05-10 | 2023-06-23 | 西北工业大学 | Fine analysis method for dynamic characteristics of small-sag inhaul cable |
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