CN111781269A - Metal particle characteristic detection system based on triboelectrification - Google Patents
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- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
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- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
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- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/60—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrostatic variables, e.g. electrographic flaw testing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/02—Investigating particle size or size distribution
- G01N15/0266—Investigating particle size or size distribution with electrical classification
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Abstract
The invention discloses a metal particle characteristic detection system based on triboelectrification, which comprises a tubular sensitive element, an induction electrode, a triboelectric signal amplification module and a data acquisition and processing module, wherein the tubular sensitive element is arranged on the tubular sensitive element; two ends of the tubular sensitive element are respectively connected with pipelines at two ends of a conveying pipeline of the system to be tested through two-way joints; the induction electrode is annular and is arranged on the outer wall of the tubular sensitive element in a surrounding way; the input end of the friction electric signal amplification module is electrically connected with the induction electrode, and the output end of the friction electric signal amplification module is electrically connected with the data acquisition and processing module. The invention characterizes the characteristics of the metal particles through the signals detected by the data acquisition card, realizes the characteristic detection of the metal particles under the gas-solid coupling and liquid-solid coupling environments, can quickly identify the characteristics of the metal particles with small sizes, and has the advantages of high detection precision, low cost and simple and reliable operation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of particle detection and sensors, in particular to a metal particle characteristic detection system based on triboelectrification.
Background
Mechanical equipment is a complex system consisting of a plurality of components and kinematic pairs, and parts of the mechanical equipment are abraded during operation, so that metal particles are generated. Wear is closely related to failure of the machine, as reported by Shell corporation: about 35% of the operating failures and 38.5% of gear failures of diesel engines are due to wear (joints M h. balance-a Key Element in conditioning monitoring. Proceedings of conditioning inording, Oxford, 2011,5: 20-29). The larger metal particles in the oil can cause potential safety hazards to mechanical equipment, the operation condition of the equipment can be mastered by monitoring the characteristics of the size, the quantity and the like of the metal particles in the lubricating oil, the equipment can be maintained in a targeted manner, and the method has important significance for improving the safety of the mechanical equipment, so that the method is very important for online real-time monitoring of the larger metal particles.
From the engineering perspective, the existing particle detection technology generally has the defects of high cost, complex system, low detection precision, long detection period, complicated analysis process and the like. For example, the magnetic plug detection method can only monitor the particle number of the ferrous metal, has low precision and cannot reflect the size distribution; the spectroscopic analysis method is not sensitive enough to react with metal particles with larger sizes (> 100 μm); although the iron spectrum analysis method shows the advantage of sensitive reaction to metal particles with different characteristic sizes under the conditions of low speed, heavy load and severe working environment compared with the two methods, the detection period is longer, the operation of the analysis process is complicated, the observation of the iron phase diagram needs to be realized by other methods and instruments, the results are difficult to be timely and effectively read by non-technical personnel, and the like. Therefore, the development of a metal particle detection technology which is easy to operate, reliable, efficient and low in cost is needed.
The triboelectric nano-generator (TENG) based on the coupling effect of the triboelectric effect and the electrostatic induction effect, which is proposed by Wangzhong in 2012, has the characteristics of simple principle, reliable and stable system, self-driving realization and the like, and has proved the advantages in the aspects of energy collection and self-driving sensing in recent years. Self-driven pressure sensors such as those based on contact-separation mode TENG can achieve both static and dynamic pressure measurements (j.j. Luo, et al. ultrasensive self-powered Sensing system. Extreme mech. Lett,2015,2: 28-36); the Self-driven microfluid/Gas Sensor based on the single electrode mode TENG can realize the sensing detection of characteristics such as microfluid and Micro-Gas Flow (Chen Jie, et al, Self-Powered Triboelectric Micro Liquid/Gas Flow Sensor for Micro fluidics, ACSNano,2016,10.8: 8104-; the TENG Based on the fluid/solid Contact electrification principle and having an annular Tubular structure realizes analysis and the like of liquids with different chemical compositions (Wang Jiyu, et al direct-Current rotation-Tubular Triboelectric Nanogenator Based on Liquid-dimension Contact for stable Energy Harvesting and chemical composition analysis. ACS Nano, 2019). The friction nano generator has the advantages in the aspect of self-driven sensing detection, and provides a new idea for sensing detection of metal particle characteristics.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a metal particle characteristic detection system based on triboelectrification aiming at the defects involved in the background technology.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme for solving the technical problems:
the utility model provides a metal particle characteristic detecting system based on friction electrification, includes metal particle characteristic sensing unit, friction electricity signal amplification module and data acquisition processing module:
the metal particle characteristic sensing unit comprises a tubular sensing element and an induction electrode, wherein the tubular sensing element is a through pipe, two ends of the tubular sensing element are respectively connected with pipelines at two ends of a conveying pipeline of a system to be tested through a double-way joint, and the tubular sensing element is used for enabling metal particles generated by the system to be tested to generate friction charges when passing through the tubular sensing element; the induction electrode is annular, is arranged on the outer wall of the tubular sensitive element in a surrounding manner and is used for generating an induction charge output signal;
the input end of the friction electric signal amplification module is electrically connected with the induction electrode, and the output end of the friction electric signal amplification module is electrically connected with the data acquisition processing module and is used for amplifying the signal amplitude output by the induction electrode and outputting the amplified signal amplitude to the data acquisition processing module;
the data acquisition processing module adopts a PCIe-6353 data acquisition card and is used for filtering and denoising the received signals and outputting the filtered signals.
The voltage amplitude, the waveform width, the transferred charge quantity and the quantity of the output signal of the data acquisition processing module respectively represent the characteristics of the size, the movement speed, the material and the quantity of the metal particles.
The friction electric signal amplification module comprises a high-voltage resistor and a binding post, wherein one end of the high-voltage resistor is electrically connected with the induction electrode and the positive input end of the binding post respectively, and the other end of the high-voltage resistor is electrically connected with the negative input end of the binding post and then grounded; the output end of the binding post is electrically connected with the data acquisition and processing module through a differential input channel of the BNC-2110 junction box.
The tubular sensing element is made of any one of Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and polyimide (Kapton), and the wall thickness range of the tubular sensing element is 0.5 mm-2 mm.
The inner wall surface of the tubular sensitive element is an irregular micro-nano rough surface or a textured surface and is used for increasing the micro-contact area between the tubular sensitive element and the surface of the metal particles. The irregular micro-nano rough surface or the texture surface can be obtained by means of plasma etching and the like.
The induction electrode is made of copper or aluminum, and is surrounded on the outer wall of the tubular sensitive element in a conductive tape pasting mode.
The PCIe-6353 data acquisition card directly acquires voltage signals at two ends of a high-voltage resistor in real time generally based on LabVIEW acquisition software, and completes tasks such as filtering, storage and the like, and has high sampling frequency and acquisition precision.
Compared with the prior art, the invention adopting the technical scheme has the following technical effects:
the invention provides a metal particle characteristic detection system based on the principle of triboelectrification, when metal particles pass through a tubular sensitive element, the metal particles are rubbed with the inner wall surface of the tubular sensitive element to generate triboelectric charges, due to the insulating property of a high polymer material and the coupling effect of the triboelectrification effect and the electrostatic induction effect, an induction electrode and the ground perform charge exchange to induce and generate heterogeneous charges, and alternating current signals generated in the charge transfer process can be directly obtained by detecting the voltage at two ends of a high-voltage resistor through a data acquisition card, so that the judgment of the characteristics of the size, the material, the quantity and the like of the metal particles in a gas-solid/liquid-solid coupling environment is completed. The metal particle sensing unit does not need an external energy supply module, can realize self-driving, can quickly identify the characteristics of metal particles with small sizes (100 mu m-3 mm) by means of the characteristics of high sampling frequency, high precision and the like of a data acquisition card, and can ensure the stability and high efficiency of detection results while being low in cost and simple and easy to operate.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the system of one embodiment of the triboelectric-based metal particle characterization system of the present invention. In the figure, 1-an induction electrode, 2-a tubular sensitive element, 3-a high-voltage resistor, 4-a binding post, 5-a data acquisition card, 6-a system to be tested and 7-a two-way joint;
FIG. 2 is a continuous electrification signal of 7 irregular segment-shaped pure copper particles with the size of 2 x 3 mm;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of a triboelectric signal of the fourth irregular-segment-shaped pure copper particle shown in FIG. 2 and a schematic diagram of a corresponding electrification stage;
FIG. 4 is a comparison of triboelectric signals of 5 spherical carbon steel particles of different sizes in a PTFE tubular sensing element and copper as sensing electrodes.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further explained in detail by combining the attached drawings:
the invention discloses a metal particle characteristic detection system based on triboelectrification, which comprises a metal particle characteristic sensing unit, a triboelectric signal amplification module and a data acquisition and processing module, wherein the metal particle characteristic sensing unit comprises a first sensor, a second sensor and a third sensor, wherein the first sensor is used for detecting the characteristics of metal particles, the second sensor is used for detecting the characteristics of the metal particles:
the metal particle characteristic sensing unit comprises a tubular sensing element and an induction electrode, wherein the tubular sensing element is a through pipe, two ends of the tubular sensing element are respectively connected with pipelines at two ends of a conveying pipeline of a system to be tested through a double-way joint, and the tubular sensing element is used for enabling metal particles generated by the system to be tested to generate friction charges when passing through the tubular sensing element; the induction electrode is annular, is arranged on the outer wall of the tubular sensitive element in a surrounding manner and is used for generating an induction charge output signal;
the input end of the friction electric signal amplification module is electrically connected with the metal particle characteristic sensing unit, and the output end of the friction electric signal amplification module is electrically connected with the data acquisition processing module, and is used for amplifying the signal amplitude output by the induction electrode and outputting the amplified signal amplitude to the data acquisition processing module;
the data acquisition processing module adopts a PCIe-6353 data acquisition card and is used for filtering and denoising the received signals and outputting the filtered signals.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a preferred embodiment of a triboelectric-based metal particle characterization system according to the present invention. Wherein, the enlarged part is a schematic structural diagram of the metal particle sensing unit: the tubular sensitive element is made of Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) material, the electronegativity difference between the high polymer material and metal is large, electrons are easy to get away from each other, and when metal particles pass through, the metal particles are rubbed with the inner wall surface of the metal particles to generate charge exchange easily so as to generate alternating current signals; the induction electrode is a tape-shaped copper (Cu) foil which surrounds and is directly adhered to the outer wall of the tubular sensing element and is used for generating induction charges and charge transfer. The friction electric signal amplification module realizes the amplification of the amplitude of the voltage signal by the induction electrode in a mode of externally connecting a high-voltage resistor. And the data acquisition and processing module comprises software and hardware such as a PCIe-6353 data acquisition card, a BNC-2110 junction box, an SHC68-68-EPM data line, LabVIEW-based acquisition software and the like, so as to realize real-time acquisition, filtering and storage of voltage signals. The system to be tested can be a metal particle conveying system in a gas-solid coupling environment, an engine gas circuit system, a lubricating system in a liquid-solid coupling environment, a hydraulic system and the like.
The metal particle characteristic sensing unit does not need an external energy supply module, can realize self-driving, and can be replaced in real time according to detection requirements. The wall thickness range of the tubular sensing element is 0.5 mm-2 mm, the tubular sensing element is selected correspondingly according to the specification of a conveying pipeline of a system to be detected, and the inner wall surface of the tubular sensing element can be subjected to plasma etching and other modes to obtain an irregular micro-nano rough surface or a texture surface so as to increase the microcosmic contact area between the irregular micro-nano rough surface or the texture surface and the surface of the metal particle to improve the detection precision of the metal particle sensing unit. In addition, the sensing element can also adopt a non-tubular form, and is specifically selected according to conditions such as working environment and the like.
The high-voltage resistor in the friction electric signal amplification module is a simpler and effective mode for realizing voltage signal amplification, and the induction electrode is connected with the high-voltage resistor through a lead and is grounded, so that the amplitude of an alternating current signal generated in the friction process of metal particles and the inner wall surface of the tubular sensitive element can be amplified. In addition, the high-voltage resistor may be replaced with a signal amplification circuit, a filter circuit, or the like to realize a gain of the voltage signal.
The data acquisition and processing module can directly complete the tasks of real-time acquisition, filtering, data storage and the like of alternating current signals at two ends of a high-voltage resistor in the friction electrification process by virtue of the characteristics of PCIe-6353 data acquisition card, such as high sampling frequency, high precision and the like, and acquisition software generally based on LabVIEW. In addition, other data acquisition equipment capable of meeting the requirements of sampling frequency and sampling precision can be adopted to acquire and process signals in the electrification process.
The present invention is described in detail below by experimental tests.
The performance of the metal particle characteristic detection system based on triboelectrification is proved by detecting triboelectrification signals of metal particles with different characteristics by taking Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) as a tubular sensitive element, taking a copper (Cu) foil as an induction electrode surrounding the outer wall surface of the tubular sensitive element and taking an externally-connected 300M omega high-voltage resistor as a signal amplification module.
As shown in FIG. 2, when 7 irregular-segment-shaped copper particles with the size of 2 × 3mm pass through the tubular sensing element in sequence, the amplitudes of the friction voltage signals are different, the maximum voltage amplitude is 98mV, the minimum voltage amplitude is 61mV, and the amplitudes of the rest voltages are 65-95 mV.
As shown in fig. 3, the voltage signal is an enlarged view of the triboelectric signal of the 4 th irregular segment-shaped metal particle in fig. 2, and a schematic diagram of the principle of 4 stages of the triboelectric process. The first stationary period shown in the figure is that when the metal particles do not roll off/slide to the Cu electrode, negative charges are attached to the surface due to the insulating property and the electret property of PTFE, and positive charges are induced by the external Cu electrode to reach an electrostatic equilibrium state; the second rising period is that the metal particles carrying positive charges begin to enter the Cu electrode area, and electrons flow to the external Cu electrode from the ground to balance the positive charges carried on the metal particles and generate forward current; the third section is that metal particles completely enter a Cu electrode area, and the negative charge of an external Cu electrode reaches the maximum value; and in the fourth stage, an electron reflux period is formed, the metal particles begin to leave the Cu electrode area, and electrons are refluxed by the external Cu electrode to generate reverse current until the metal particles are returned to the static equilibrium state again.
As shown in fig. 4, the electrical signals are compared for spherical carbon steel particles of different diameters. Carbon steel particles with the diameter of 3mm have a larger contact area with the inner wall surface of the tubular sensitive element when rolling off, so that more charge transfer is brought. Therefore, the larger the diameter is, the larger the triboelectrification signal of the particle is, and the size interval of the metal particle can be preliminarily judged through the voltage amplitude of the triboelectrification signal in the actual detection process.
In summary, the present invention provides a metal particle feature detection system based on triboelectrification, which is based on the principle of triboelectrification, wherein when a metal particle passes through a tubular sensing element, the metal particle rubs against the inner wall surface of the tubular sensing element to generate a frictional charge, due to the insulation property of a polymer material and the coupling effect of the triboelectrification effect and the electrostatic induction effect, a sensing electrode exchanges charges with the ground to induce generation of a different charge, and the voltage across two ends of a high voltage resistor is detected by a data acquisition card to directly obtain an ac signal generated in the charge transfer process, so as to determine the features of the metal particle, such as size, material, quantity, and the like. The metal particle sensing unit does not need an external energy supply module, can realize self-driving, and the metal particle characteristic detection system can quickly identify the characteristics of metal particles with small sizes (100 mu m-3 mm) by means of the characteristics of high sampling frequency, high precision and the like of a data acquisition card, so that the stability and the high efficiency of detection results can be ensured while the cost is low, the operation is simple and easy.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that, unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. It will be further understood that terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the prior art and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein.
The above-mentioned embodiments, objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention are further described in detail, it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are only illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. The utility model provides a metal particle characteristic detecting system based on triboelectrification which characterized in that, includes metal particle characteristic sensing unit, friction electricity signal amplification module and data acquisition processing module:
the metal particle characteristic sensing unit comprises a tubular sensing element and an induction electrode, wherein the tubular sensing element is a through pipe, two ends of the tubular sensing element are respectively connected with pipelines at two ends of a conveying pipeline of a system to be tested through a double-way joint, and the tubular sensing element is used for enabling metal particles generated by the system to be tested to generate friction charges when passing through the tubular sensing element; the induction electrode is annular, is arranged on the outer wall of the tubular sensitive element in a surrounding manner and is used for generating an induction charge output signal;
the input end of the friction electric signal amplification module is electrically connected with the induction electrode, and the output end of the friction electric signal amplification module is electrically connected with the data acquisition processing module and is used for amplifying the signal amplitude output by the induction electrode and outputting the amplified signal amplitude to the data acquisition processing module;
the data acquisition processing module adopts a PCIe-6353 data acquisition card and is used for filtering and denoising the received signals and outputting the filtered signals.
2. The system for detecting the characteristics of the metal particles based on triboelectrification according to claim 1, wherein the triboelectric signal amplification module comprises a high-voltage resistor and a binding post, wherein one end of the high-voltage resistor is electrically connected with the sensing electrode and the positive input end of the binding post respectively, and the other end of the high-voltage resistor is electrically connected with the negative input end of the binding post and then grounded; the output end of the binding post is electrically connected with the data acquisition and processing module through a differential input channel of the BNC-2110 junction box.
3. The triboelectric-based metal particle signature detection system according to claim 1, wherein the tubular sensing element is made of any one of polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinyl chloride, polydimethylsiloxane, and polyimide, and has a wall thickness in a range of 0.5mm to 2 mm.
4. The triboelectrification-based metal particle characteristic detection system according to claim 1, wherein the inner wall surface of the tubular sensing element is an irregular micro-nano rough surface or a textured surface for increasing the micro-contact area with the metal particle surface. The irregular micro-nano rough surface or the texture surface can be obtained by means of plasma etching and the like.
5. The triboelectric-based metal particle signature detection system according to claim 1, wherein the sensing electrode is made of a metal tape or a metal foil made of copper or aluminum, and is wrapped around the outer wall of the tubular sensing element by means of conductive tape.
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| CN114337353A (en) * | 2021-12-31 | 2022-04-12 | 武汉大学 | Tubular single-electrode structure friction nano generator, preparation method thereof, performance testing device and performance testing method |
| CN116964925A (en) * | 2022-02-17 | 2023-10-27 | 亚历山大维奇·米凯·米山尼诺夫 | Electrostatic friction pulse generator |
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