CN111781229A - Multifunctional inorganic salt crystallization-deposition comprehensive testing device - Google Patents
Multifunctional inorganic salt crystallization-deposition comprehensive testing device Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A multifunctional inorganic salt crystallization-deposition comprehensive test device comprises a kettle cover and a kettle body, wherein a supercritical water inlet channel, a salt solution inlet channel, a water outlet channel, an additive inlet channel, a pressure gauge interface and a safety valve interface are arranged on the kettle cover, and a sampling probe is arranged at the tail end of the water outlet channel; the mixing stirrer is arranged in the kettle body, the ultrasonic generating device, the electromagnetic field generating device and the electric heater which act on the side wall of the kettle body are arranged outside the kettle body, the detachable inner bushing which is tightly nested with the inside is arranged inside the kettle body, the cold/hot wall surface bushing and the thermocouple bushing penetrate through the kettle cover and extend into the kettle body, the measuring points of the sampling probe, the cold/hot wall surface bushing and the thermocouple bushing are respectively positioned at the bottom of the kettle body and close to the cold/hot wall surface bushing, the visual optical. The invention can test the crystallization and deposition process of the inorganic salt on line, is beneficial to solving the problems of inorganic salt deposition and blockage of SCWO technology, realizes safe, long-term and stable operation of the system, and improves the economy and the safety.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of energy chemical industry, synthetic materials and environmental protection, and particularly relates to a multifunctional inorganic salt crystallization-deposition comprehensive testing device.
Background
Water environment protection is a problem which is widely concerned by the current human society, however, high-concentration organic wastewater threatens water resources, and substances with poor biodegradability and relative molecular mass from thousands to tens of thousands are difficult to treat by using the existing biological treatment method.
Supercritical Water (SCW) is a form of Water that exists in a specific manner above the critical state (T: 374.15 ℃, P: 22.12 MPa). Under the form, the density of water becomes small, the viscosity is reduced, the diffusivity becomes large, the ion product is increased by several orders of magnitude, and the number of hydrogen bonds is greatly increased, so that organic matters and oxygen can be mutually dissolved with supercritical water according to any proportion, thus the heterogeneous reaction is changed into homogeneous reaction, and the mass transfer and heat transfer resistance among substances is greatly reduced.
Supercritical Water Oxidation (SCWO) technology is a technology capable of realizing deep Oxidation treatment of various organic wastes. Supercritical water oxidation is the complete oxidation of organic matter into clean H by oxidation2O、CO2And N2The substances S, P, etc. are converted into the most valent salts for stabilization, and the principle that the heavy metal oxidation stabilization solid phase exists in the ash is to use supercritical water as a reaction medium, and through homogeneous oxidation reaction, the organic matter is quickly converted into CO2、H2O、N2And other harmless small molecules. The supercritical water oxidation technology can fully exert the advantages of the technology, on one hand, the efficiency is high, the treatment is thorough, organic matters can be completely oxidized into nontoxic micromolecular compounds such as carbon dioxide, water, nitrogen, salts and the like under proper temperature and pressure and certain retention time, the removal rate of toxic substances reaches more than 99.99 percent, and the full-closed treatment requirement is met; because SCWO is a homogeneous reaction carried out at high temperature and high pressure, the reaction rate is high, the retention time is short (can be less than 1min), so the reactor has simple structure and small volume; the application range is wide, and the method can be suitable for treating various toxic substances and waste water and waste; no secondary pollution, clean product without further treatment, and inorganic salt can be separated from water, and the treated wastewater can be completely recycledAnd (4) recycling.
Although the supercritical water oxidation method has many advantages, the operating conditions of high temperature and high pressure undoubtedly put strict requirements on the equipment material, and some non-negligible problems exist: (1) it is more likely to cause corrosion of metals in supercritical water oxidation environments than under normal conditions. High concentrations of dissolved oxygen, high temperature and pressure conditions, extreme pH values, and certain types of inorganic ions can all contribute to accelerated corrosion. (2) Often, the acid and salt formed during neutralization of the feed with an alkali is added, and the salt precipitates during the process because of the low solubility of the inorganic material under supercritical conditions. Certain salts have a high viscosity and may cause plugging of the reactor or piping. (3) The phase behavior and the crystal evolution process of the inorganic salt in supercritical water are difficult to explore, and the behavior rule can not be predicted, so that an effective inorganic salt deposition prevention and control technology is developed.
Therefore, a comprehensive testing device for the supercritical oxidation field is needed to solve the problems of corrosion of metal equipment, deposition and blockage of inorganic salts, and observation of phase behavior and crystal evolution.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a multifunctional inorganic salt crystallization-deposition comprehensive testing device, which solves the problems of corrosion of metal equipment and crystallization and deposition of inorganic salt on the surfaces of the equipment and pipelines, and on one hand, the influence rules of different types of additives, different auxiliary modes, different wall temperatures, different materials and surface roughness, different turbulence degrees and the like on inorganic salt crystallization and deposition can be realized through an additive inlet channel, an ultrasonic/electromagnetic super-generation device, a cold/hot wall surface sleeve and the like; secondly, by arranging sampling probes and temperature measuring points at different positions, accurate collection of sample information in different areas can be realized; on the other hand, through the invention and design of the visual optical element, the phase behavior and the crystal evolution process of the inorganic salt under the supercritical water condition can be observed in situ, and the property of the crystal particles can be detected in situ, so that the behavior rule of the inorganic salt can be intuitively mastered, the targeted prevention and control technology can be developed, the problems of inorganic salt deposition and blockage of the SCWO technology can be finally solved, the safe, long-term and stable operation of the system can be realized, and the economical efficiency and the safety of the system can be improved.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
the utility model provides a multi-functional inorganic salt crystallization-deposit integrated test device, includes kettle cover 7 and the cauldron body 13, its characterized in that:
the kettle cover 7 is provided with a supercritical water inlet channel 2, a saline solution inlet channel 4, a water outlet channel 5, an additive inlet channel 21, a pressure gauge interface N3 and a safety valve interface N4, and the tail end of the water outlet channel 5 is provided with a sampling probe I6;
the kettle body 13 is internally provided with a mixing stirrer 27, the outside of the kettle body is provided with an ultrasonic generating device 10, an electromagnetic field generating device 12 and an electric heater 15 which act on the side wall of the kettle body, the inside of the kettle body is provided with a detachable inner lining 11 which is tightly nested with the inside of the kettle body, a cold/hot wall surface sleeve 20, a sampling probe II 17, a sampling probe III 18 and a thermocouple sleeve 19 penetrate through the kettle cover 7 and extend into the kettle body 13, a measuring point of the sampling probe II 17 is positioned at the bottom of the kettle body 13, a measuring point of the sampling probe III 18 is close to the cold/hot wall surface sleeve 20, a thermocouple is arranged in the thermocouple sleeve 19, the side wall of the kettle body 13 is provided with a visual optical unit 25 facing the cold/hot wall surface sleeve 20, and a thermocouple measuring point.
Set up blender 1 and outlet pipe 3 on kettle cover 7, blender 1 is the ring tubular structure, and its top is salt solution entry N1, and the lateral wall sets up supercritical water entry N2, and the inner tube of blender 1 forms salt solution inlet channel 4, and the annular runner between the interior outer tube forms critical water inlet channel 2, and salt solution outlet channel 5 link up the top from the cauldron body 13 bottom and is connected with outlet pipe 3, and sampling probe 6 sets up the exit at outlet pipe 3, manometer interface N3 and relief valve interface N4 all run through kettle cover 7, do not stretch into inside the cauldron body 13.
The cold/hot wall casing 20 and the sampling probe III 18 extend into the middle of the kettle body 13, the sampling probe II 17 and the thermocouple casing 19 extend into the bottom of the kettle body 13, and the bottom of the cold/hot wall casing 20 is positioned below the lower edge of the visual optical element 25 by 10mm and is respectively embedded into a unified whole.
The cold/hot wall surface sleeve 20 comprises a cold wall outer sleeve 20A and a hot wall outer sleeve 20B, and the cold wall outer sleeve 20A or the hot wall outer sleeve 20B is installed and used according to the requirement; wherein, cold wall outer tube 20A is the ring tube-shape structure, and the inner tube is the hollow sleeve pipe 33 that link up from top to bottom, forms cooling air inlet channel 31 in the section of thick bamboo, and the bobbin base of outer tube is sealed, and outer wall and bobbin base set up sleeve pipe heat preservation 34A, are cooling air outlet channel 30 between the interior outer tube, and it is as an organic whole through fixed fin 32 fixed connection between inner tube outer wall and the outer tube inner wall, and hot wall outer tube 20B includes the body, and intraductal electric heating rod 35 has sleeve pipe heat preservation two 34B outside the tube.
1 thermocouple is arranged in the thermowell 19, and a thermocouple measuring point 28 and a measuring point of the sampling probe III 18 are positioned on the same horizontal plane.
Mixing agitator 27 distributes in whole device axle center department and runs through kettle cover 7 and the cauldron body 13, has paddle blade 26 on mixing agitator 27's the (mixing) shaft, and scraper blade 29 is connected to the (mixing) shaft bottom, and scraper blade 29 is the U type, and the inner wall of the cauldron body 13 is pressed close to the lateral wall.
The inner bushing 11 is tightly attached to the wall of the kettle body 13, the top of the inner bushing 11 is embedded into the annular groove at the corresponding position of the kettle cover 7, 2 diagonal longitudinal ribs for being inserted into the longitudinal grooves at the corresponding position of the kettle body 13 are arranged on the side surface of the inner bushing 11, one side of the inner bushing 11 close to the visual optical element 25 is provided with a circular hole with the diameter slightly larger than that of the visual optical element 25, and the position horizontally corresponding to the visual optical element 25 is provided with a circular hole; the outer wall of the kettle body 13 is provided with a heat insulation layer 14, the outer side of the heat insulation layer 14 is provided with a heat insulation shell 16 with a heat insulation shell top cover 9, and the kettle body 13, the electric heater 15, the heat insulation layer 14 and the shell 16 are mutually nested and tightly matched from inside to outside.
Kettle cover 7 and kettle body 13 are closely cooperated and positioned by seal ring 8 and a plurality of groups of fastening bolts 22, gaskets 23 and lower nuts 24 that are distributed in a circular ring symmetry, seal ring 8 is located on the trapezoidal contact surface of kettle cover 7 and kettle body 13, gaskets 23 are located on the upper contact surface of fastening bolt head 22 and kettle cover 7, and lower nuts 24 are located on the bottom of fastening bolts 22 and the lower contact surface of the bulge of kettle body 13.
The visual optical units 25 are two in number, are located on the same horizontal plane on the side face of the middle of the comprehensive testing device and are vertically arranged at 90 degrees, the axes of the two visual optical units 25 are perpendicular to each other, and the intersection point of the two visual optical units is located on the cold/hot wall face.
The ultrasonic generating device 10 and the electromagnetic field generating device 12 are installed on the outer wall surface of the kettle body 13, the ultrasonic generating device 10 is arranged in the lower area of the top cover 9 of the heat preservation shell, the electromagnetic field generating device 12 is arranged in the lower area of the visual optical element 25, and the electric heater 15 is arranged in the lower area of the electromagnetic field generating device 12.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the invention discloses a multifunctional inorganic salt crystallization-deposition comprehensive testing device, which can realize the influence rules of different types of additives, different wall temperatures, different materials, different surface roughness, different turbulence degrees and the like on inorganic salt crystallization and deposition through an additive inlet channel, a cold/hot wall surface sleeve, an inner bushing, a scraper blade and the like, and is an all-round, high-efficiency and multifunctional comprehensive device.
(2) The invention discloses a multifunctional inorganic salt crystallization-deposition comprehensive testing device, which can solve the problems of difficult capture of inorganic salt behavior phenomenon, difficult sampling and testing of crystallization particles and the like under a high-temperature and high-pressure supercritical condition through the invention and the design of a visual optical element, realizes in-situ observation of the phase behavior and the crystallization evolution process of inorganic salt under the supercritical water condition, and performs in-situ on-line detection on the properties of the crystallization particles, so that the behavior rule of the inorganic salt can be intuitively mastered, the structural properties of the inorganic salt crystallization particles are obtained, the inorganic salt phase behavior is accurately predicted, and a targeted prevention and control technology is developed.
(3) The multifunctional inorganic salt crystallization-deposition comprehensive testing device disclosed by the invention can explore the influence of an external field on phase behavior and crystal evolution through the design of an ultrasonic wave/electromagnetic ultrasonic wave generation device, thereby expanding a new thought of a supercritical oxidation technology.
(4) The multifunctional inorganic salt crystallization-deposition comprehensive testing device disclosed by the invention integrates multiple functions, improves the economical efficiency and stability of the system, realizes system optimization, finally solves the problems of inorganic salt deposition and blockage of SCWO technology, realizes safe, long-term and stable operation of the system, and improves the economical efficiency and safety of the system.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an inorganic salt crystallization-deposition comprehensive test device of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a cold-wall outer sleeve of the inorganic salt crystallization-deposition comprehensive test device of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a hot-wall outer sleeve of the inorganic salt crystallization-deposition comprehensive testing device of the present invention.
Wherein: 1 is a mixer; 2 is a supercritical water inlet channel; a water outlet pipe is shown as 3; 4 is a saline solution inlet channel; 5 is a water outlet channel; 6 is a sampling probe I; 7 is a kettle cover; 8 is a sealing gasket; 9 is a top cover of the heat preservation shell; 10 is an ultrasonic generating device; 11 is an inner bushing; 12 is an electromagnetic generating device; 13 is a kettle body; 14 is a heat-insulating layer; 15 is an electric heater; 16 is a shell; 17 is a sampling probe II; 18 is a sampling probe III; 19 is a thermowell; 20 is a cold/hot wall sleeve; 21 is an additive inlet channel; 22 is a bolt; 23 is a gasket; 24 is a lower nut; 25 is a visualization optical unit; 26 is a paddle blade; 27 is a mixing stirrer, and 28 is a thermocouple measuring point; 29 is a scraper blade; 30 is a cooling air outlet channel; 31 is a cooling air inlet channel; 32 is a fixing rib; 33 is a hollow sleeve; 34 is a sleeve insulating layer; 35 is an electric heating rod; n1 is a saline solution inlet; n2 is a supercritical water inlet; n3 is a pressure gauge interface; n4 is a safety valve interface; n5 is the additive inlet.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions of the present invention better understood, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that the terms "comprises," "comprising," and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions, such that a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not necessarily limited to those steps or elements expressly listed, but may include other steps or elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
referring to fig. 1, a multifunctional inorganic salt crystallization-deposition comprehensive test device mainly comprises a kettle cover 7 and a kettle body 13, wherein:
the kettle cover 7 is positioned at the upper part of the comprehensive testing device, the supercritical water inlet channel 2, the saline solution inlet channel 4, the water outlet channel 5, the additive inlet channel 21, the pressure gauge interface N3 and the safety valve interface N4 are arranged on the kettle cover, and the tail end of the water outlet channel 5 is provided with a sampling probe I6.
The kettle body 13 is positioned at the lower part of the comprehensive testing device, the interior of the kettle body is provided with a mixing stirrer 27, the exterior of the kettle body is provided with an ultrasonic generating device 10, an electromagnetic field generating device 12 and an electric heater 15 which act on the side wall of the kettle body, and the interior of the kettle body is provided with a detachable inner lining 11 which is tightly nested with the interior of the kettle body. The cold/hot wall casing 20 and the sampling probe III 18 extend into the middle of the kettle body 13, the sampling probe II 17 and the thermocouple casing 19 extend into the bottom of the kettle body 13, and the visual optical unit 25 facing the cold/hot wall casing 20 is arranged on the side wall of the kettle body 13.
In this embodiment, a mixer 1 and a water outlet pipe 3 are arranged at the eccentric center of a kettle cover 7, the mixer 1 is of an annular cylindrical structure, the top of the mixer is a saline solution inlet N1, the outer side wall of the mixer is provided with a supercritical water inlet N2, an inner cylinder of the mixer 1 forms a saline solution inlet channel 4, and an annular flow passage between the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder forms a critical water inlet channel 2.
The saline solution outlet channel 5 is connected with the water outlet pipe 3 from the bottom to the top of the kettle body 13, and the pressure gauge connector N3 and the safety valve connector N4 both penetrate through the kettle cover 7 but do not need to extend into the kettle body 13.
The first sampling probe 6 is arranged at the outlet of the water outlet pipe 3, the measuring point of the second sampling probe 17 is positioned at the bottom of the kettle body 13, the measuring point of the third sampling probe 18 is close to the cold/hot wall casing 20, 1 thermocouple is arranged in the thermocouple casing 19, and the thermocouple measuring point 28 and the measuring point of the third sampling probe 18 are positioned on the same horizontal plane.
The inner bushing 11 is tightly attached to the wall of the kettle body 13, the top of the inner bushing 11 is embedded into the annular groove at the corresponding position of the kettle cover 7, 2 diagonal longitudinal ribs for being inserted into the longitudinal grooves at the corresponding position of the kettle body 13 are arranged on the side of the inner bushing 11, the inner bushing is close to the visual optical element 25, and a round hole with the diameter slightly larger than that of the visual optical element 25 is arranged at the position horizontally corresponding to the visual optical element 25. The outer wall of the kettle body 13 is provided with a heat insulation layer 14, the outer side of the heat insulation layer 14 is provided with a heat insulation shell 16 with a heat insulation shell top cover 9, and the kettle body 13, the electric heater 15, the heat insulation layer 14 and the shell 16 are mutually nested and tightly matched from inside to outside.
The ultrasonic generating device 10 and the electromagnetic field generating device 12 are installed on the outer wall surface of the kettle body 13, the ultrasonic generating device 10 is arranged in the lower area of the top cover 9 of the heat preservation shell, the electromagnetic field generating device 12 is arranged in the lower area of the visual optical element 25, and the electric heater 15 is arranged in the lower area of the electromagnetic field generating device 12.
Mixing agitator 27 distributes in whole device axle center department and runs through kettle cover 7 and the cauldron body 13, has paddle blade 26 on mixing agitator 27's the (mixing) shaft, and scraper blade 29 is connected to the (mixing) shaft bottom, and scraper blade 29 is the U type, and the inner wall of neck bush 11 in the cauldron body 13 is pressed close to the lateral wall.
The kettle cover 7 and the kettle body 13 are closely matched and positioned by a sealing washer 8 and a plurality of groups of fastening bolts 22, gaskets 23 and lower nuts 24 which are symmetrically distributed in a circular ring manner, the sealing washer 8 is positioned on the trapezoidal contact surface of the kettle cover 7 and the kettle body 13, the gaskets 23 are positioned on the upper contact surface of the fastening bolt head 22 and the kettle cover 7, and the lower nuts 24 are positioned on the bottom of the fastening bolts 22 and the lower contact surface of the convex part of the kettle body 13.
The bottom of the cold/hot wall casing 20 is located 10mm below the lower edge of the visual optical element 25 and is respectively embedded into a unified whole. Referring to fig. 2 and 3, the cold/hot wall surface casing 20 includes a cold wall outer casing 20A and a hot wall outer casing 20B, wherein the cold wall outer casing 20A is a circular cylindrical structure, the inner cylinder is a hollow casing 33 which is through from top to bottom, a cooling air inlet channel 31 is formed in the cylinder, the cylinder bottom of the outer cylinder is closed, a casing heat insulation layer one 34A is arranged on the outer wall and the cylinder bottom, a cooling air outlet channel 30 is arranged between the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder, the outer wall of the inner cylinder and the inner wall of the outer cylinder are fixedly connected into a whole through a fixing fin 32, the hot wall outer casing 20B includes a pipe body, an electric heating rod 35 is arranged in the pipe, and a casing. The cold wall outer sleeve 20A and the hot wall outer sleeve 20B are both embedded into a unified and integral sleeve structure and can be conveniently installed and disassembled, the installation positions of the cold wall outer sleeve and the hot wall outer sleeve on the kettle cover are the same, the hot wall sleeve 20B is installed when the hot wall surface is used, the hot wall surface sleeve 20B is disassembled when the cold wall surface is used, and the cold wall surface sleeve 20A is installed at the same position.
The visual optical units 25 are two in number, are located on the same horizontal plane on the side face of the middle of the comprehensive testing device and are vertically arranged at 90 degrees, the axes of the two visual optical units 25 are perpendicular to each other, and the intersection point of the two visual optical units is located on the cold/hot wall face.
In this embodiment, the insulating layer 14 may be made of asbestos, aluminosilicate, aerogel, or the like, and the design thickness thereof is determined by calculating the actual operating temperature, and the autoclave body 13, the autoclave cover 7, the thermowell 19, the cold/hot wall surface casing 20, and the salt solution inlet N1 may be made of nickel-based alloy or hastelloy, or the like; the inner lining 11 can be made of titanium or titanium alloy; the outer shell 16 and the top cover 9 of the heat preservation shell can be made of carbon steel or stainless steel.
The device can explore the influence of various factors on the phase behavior and the crystal evolution of the inorganic salt, and the specific process is as follows:
a stream of low-temperature or normal-temperature salt solution containing sulfate, chloride, hydrochloride or phosphate enters the kettle body 13 from a salt solution inlet N1 at the axial center part of the mixer 1 into a salt solution inlet channel 4 in the kettle cover 7.
Supercritical water under the condition of high temperature and high pressure of one strand enters into annular space channel that saline solution inlet channel 4 and 1 outer wall of mixer form from the left supercritical water inlet N2 of mixer 1 and is supercritical water inlet channel 2, salt solution preheats in saline solution inlet channel 4, because the salt solution can not preheat to very high temperature, generally below 200 ℃, supercritical water and saline solution two spout in the outlet of mixer 1 and kettle body 13 and mix, prevent that saline solution from mixing with supercritical water in advance and rising temperature fast and leading to salt deposit and leading to blocking inside the mixer in mixer 1.
Salt solution and supercritical water are in the cauldron body 13 in the mixing period, because electric heater 15 starts, the temperature on hot wall face sleeve 20B surface is higher than the internal portion material temperature of cauldron, the inside salt solution of cauldron body 13 is gradually appeared on hot wall face sleeve 20B surface, nucleation, grow up, the gathering, it is broken, finally form stable inorganic salt deposit layer, the mixing agitator 27 of cauldron body 13 has set up paddle blade 26, axial pushing action has, make the temperature in the cauldron even, salt solution stays the certain time in cauldron body 13 and flows through outlet passage 6 from the salt solution exit of cauldron body 13 bottom, outlet pipe 3 flows out whole device.
During the operation of the device, two visual optical units 25 are arranged on the same horizontal plane on the side face of the middle part of the comprehensive testing device and are vertically arranged at 90 degrees, the axes of the two visual units are mutually vertical, the intersection point of the two visual units is arranged on the cold/hot wall surface, the two visual units are used for clearly observing and recording the phase balance and the crystal evolution process of inorganic salt on the surface of the hot wall surface, and the influence of different conditions on the phase balance and the crystal evolution process can be researched.
The sampling probes are distributed at different positions, the first sampling probe 6 is positioned at the outlet of the water outlet pipe 3, the second sampling probe 17 is positioned near the cold/hot wall sleeve 20, and the third sampling probe 18 is positioned at the bottom of the kettle body 13 and is used for respectively collecting samples in different areas; thermocouples are inserted into the thermocouple sleeves 19 which are positioned at different height positions in the kettle body 9, thermocouple measuring points 28 are arranged, the fluid temperature at the bottom is measured in real time respectively, the fluid temperature at the salt solution outlet is accurately reflected, the axial temperature distribution in the kettle is tested, and the accurate temperature value near the sampling port is obtained; the additive inlet channel N5 can be used as an inlet of different types of additives, and the channel outlet is positioned above the upper edge of the visualization optical unit 25 and is used for clearly observing and recording the behavior change characteristics of inorganic salt when the additives are injected; the inner bushing 11 is a detachable element, can collect crystallization samples and is used for testing the crystallization and deposition characteristics of inorganic salts with different materials and different surface roughness conditions; the scraper stirrer 29 is close to the inner surface of the inner bushing 11, so that the surface of the inner bushing forms a shearing speed, and simultaneously disturbance to fluid in other areas in the kettle is avoided, thereby being used for researching the influence rule of the turbulence degree or the flow speed on crystallization and deposition of inorganic salt; the ultrasonic generating device 10 and the electromagnetic field generating device 12 are arranged on the outer wall of the kettle body 13 of the test kettle 2 and used for testing the influence rule of the ultrasonic wave or the electromagnetic field on the crystallization and deposition characteristics of the inorganic salt.
The bottom end of the cold/hot wall sleeve 20 is located 10mm below the lower edge of the visualization optical element 11, specifically depending on the space distribution in the kettle. The cold/hot wall casing pipes 20 are respectively embedded into a unified whole, can be directly installed on the kettle cover and are convenient to detach; the surface temperature of the hot wall surface is controlled by an internal electric heating rod 35, the surface temperature of the cold wall surface is controlled by the air volume of cooling air, the air vertically enters the hollow sleeve 33 from a cooling air inlet channel 31 in the center of the cold wall outer sleeve 20A, and is dispersed to an outlet channel 30 of an outer ring from the bottom of the cold wall outer sleeve 20A and flows out, and a sleeve heat insulation layer 34 is used for heat insulation of the sleeve wall surface, so that the crystallization and deposition characteristics of inorganic salt under different wall surface temperature conditions are tested.
The whole device realizes in-situ observation of the phase behavior and the crystal evolution process of the inorganic salt under the supercritical water condition through the invention and design of a visual optical element, and carries out in-situ detection on the property of crystal particles, so that the behavior rules of the influence rules of different types of additives, different wall temperatures, different materials, different surface roughness, different turbulence degrees and the like on the crystallization and deposition of the inorganic salt can be intuitively mastered, further, the targeted prevention and control technology is developed, the problems of inorganic salt deposition and blockage of the SCWO technology are finally solved, the safe, long-term and stable operation of the system is realized, and the economic type and the safety of the system are improved.
The above-mentioned contents are only for illustrating the technical idea of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby, and any modification made on the basis of the technical idea of the present invention falls within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A multifunctional inorganic salt crystallization-deposition comprehensive test device comprises a kettle cover (7) and a kettle body (13), and is characterized in that:
the kettle cover (7) is provided with a supercritical water inlet channel (2), a saline solution inlet channel (4), a water outlet channel (5), an additive inlet channel (21), a pressure gauge interface N3 and a safety valve interface N4, and the tail end of the water outlet channel (5) is provided with a sampling probe I (6);
the kettle body (13) is internally provided with a mixing stirrer (27), the outside of the kettle body is provided with an ultrasonic generating device (10), an electromagnetic field generating device (12) and an electric heater (15) which act on the side wall of the kettle body, the inside of the kettle body is provided with a detachable inner lining sleeve (11) which is tightly nested with the inside of the kettle body, a cold/hot wall surface sleeve (20), a sampling probe II (17), a sampling probe III (18) and a thermocouple sleeve (19) penetrate through the kettle cover (7) and extend into the kettle body (13), the measuring point of the second sampling probe (17) is located at the bottom of the kettle body (13), the measuring point of the third sampling probe (18) is close to the cold/hot wall surface sleeve (20), a thermocouple is installed in the thermocouple sleeve (19), a visual optical unit (25) facing the cold/hot wall surface sleeve (20) is arranged on the side wall of the kettle body (13), and a thermocouple measuring point (28) is arranged in the kettle body (13).
2. The multifunctional inorganic salt crystallization-deposition comprehensive testing device according to claim 1, wherein the kettle cover (7) is provided with a mixer (1) and a water outlet pipe (3), the mixer (1) is of an annular cylindrical structure, the top of the mixer (1) is a saline solution inlet N1, the outer side wall of the mixer is provided with a supercritical water inlet N2, an inner cylinder of the mixer (1) forms a saline solution inlet channel (4), an annular flow channel between the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder forms a critical water inlet channel (2), a saline solution outlet channel (5) penetrates from the bottom to the top of the kettle body (13) and is connected with the water outlet pipe (3), a sampling probe I (6) is arranged at an outlet of the water outlet pipe (3), and the pressure gauge interface N3 and the safety valve interface N4 both penetrate through the kettle cover (7) and do not extend into the kettle body (13).
3. The multifunctional inorganic salt crystallization-deposition comprehensive test device according to claim 1, wherein the cold/hot wall bushing (20) and the sampling probe three (18) extend into the middle of the kettle body (13), the sampling probe two (17) and the thermocouple bushing (19) extend into the bottom of the kettle body (13), and the bottom of the cold/hot wall bushing (20) is located 10mm below the lower edge of the visual optical element (25) and is respectively embedded into a unified whole.
4. The multifunctional inorganic salt crystallization-deposition comprehensive test device according to claim 1, wherein the cold/hot wall surface casing (20) comprises a cold wall outer casing (20A) and a hot wall outer casing (20B), and the cold wall outer casing (20A) or the hot wall outer casing (20B) is installed and used as required; wherein, cold wall outer tube (20A) is the ring tube-shape structure, and the inner tube is hollow sleeve pipe (33) that link up from top to bottom, forms cooling air inlet channel (31) in the section of thick bamboo, and the bobbin base of urceolus seals, and outer wall and bobbin base set up sleeve pipe heat preservation (34A), be cooling air outlet channel (30) between the interior urceolus, as an organic whole through fixed fin (32) fixed connection between inner tube outer wall and the urceolus inner wall, hot wall outer tube (20B) is including the body, has electric heating rod (35) in the pipe, and the outside of tubes has sleeve pipe heat preservation two (34B).
5. The multifunctional inorganic salt crystallization-deposition comprehensive test device according to claim 1, wherein 1 thermocouple is arranged in the thermowell (19), and a thermocouple measuring point (28) and a measuring point of the sampling probe III (18) are located on the same horizontal plane.
6. The multifunctional inorganic salt crystallization-deposition comprehensive testing device of claim 1, wherein the mixing stirrer (27) is distributed at the axis of the whole device and penetrates through the kettle cover (7) and the kettle body (13), a paddle blade (26) is arranged on a stirring shaft of the mixing stirrer (27), the bottom end of the stirring shaft is connected with a scraper blade (29), the scraper blade (29) is U-shaped, and the outer side wall of the stirring shaft is attached to the inner wall of the kettle body (13).
7. The multifunctional inorganic salt crystallization-deposition comprehensive test device according to claim 1, wherein the inner bushing (11) is closely attached to the inner wall of the kettle body (13), the top of the inner bushing (11) is embedded into the annular groove at the corresponding position of the kettle cover (7), 2 diagonal longitudinal ribs for inserting into the longitudinal groove at the corresponding position of the kettle body (13) are arranged on the side surface of the inner bushing (11), the inner bushing is provided with a circular hole with a diameter slightly larger than that of the visual optical element (25) at the position close to one side of the visual optical element (25) and horizontally corresponding to the visual optical element (25); the outer wall of the kettle body (13) is provided with a heat insulation layer (14), the outer side of the heat insulation layer (14) is provided with a heat insulation shell (16) with a heat insulation shell top cover (9), and the kettle body (13), the electric heater (15), the heat insulation layer (14) and the shell (16) are mutually nested and tightly matched from inside to outside.
8. The multifunctional inorganic salt crystallization-deposition comprehensive test device according to claim 1, wherein the kettle cover (7) and the kettle body (13) are closely matched and positioned by a sealing gasket (8) and a plurality of groups of fastening bolts (22), gaskets (23) and lower nuts (24) which are circularly and symmetrically distributed, the sealing gasket (8) is positioned on the trapezoidal contact surface of the kettle cover (7) and the kettle body (13), the gaskets (23) are positioned on the upper contact surface of the fastening bolt heads (22) and the kettle cover (7), and the lower nuts (24) are positioned on the bottom of the fastening bolts (22) and the lower contact surface of the protruding part of the kettle body (13).
9. The multifunctional inorganic salt crystallization-deposition comprehensive test device according to claim 1, wherein the two visualization optical units (25) are positioned on the same horizontal plane on the side of the middle part of the comprehensive test device and are vertically arranged at 90 degrees, the axes of the two visualization optical units (25) are perpendicular to each other, and the intersection point of the two visualization optical units is positioned on the cold/hot wall surface.
10. The multifunctional inorganic salt crystallization-deposition comprehensive test device according to claim 1, wherein the ultrasonic generating device (10) and the electromagnetic field generating device (12) are installed on the outer wall surface of the kettle body (13), the ultrasonic generating device (10) is arranged in the lower region of the top cover (9) of the heat-insulating shell, the electromagnetic field generating device (12) is arranged in the lower region of the visual optical element (25), and the electric heater (15) is arranged in the lower region of the electromagnetic field generating device (12).
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| CN111632569A (en) * | 2020-05-24 | 2020-09-08 | 西安交通大学 | Flow corrosion-salt deposition device for supercritical water oxidation reaction coupling |
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