CN111780970A - Gear meshing power loss measuring device and measuring method thereof - Google Patents
Gear meshing power loss measuring device and measuring method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111780970A CN111780970A CN202010836915.1A CN202010836915A CN111780970A CN 111780970 A CN111780970 A CN 111780970A CN 202010836915 A CN202010836915 A CN 202010836915A CN 111780970 A CN111780970 A CN 111780970A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M13/00—Testing of machine parts
- G01M13/02—Gearings; Transmission mechanisms
- G01M13/021—Gearings
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L3/00—Measuring torque, work, mechanical power, or mechanical efficiency, in general
- G01L3/24—Devices for determining the value of power, e.g. by measuring and simultaneously multiplying the values of torque and revolutions per unit of time, by multiplying the values of tractive or propulsive force and velocity
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L3/00—Measuring torque, work, mechanical power, or mechanical efficiency, in general
- G01L3/26—Devices for measuring efficiency, i.e. the ratio of power output to power input
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M13/00—Testing of machine parts
- G01M13/02—Gearings; Transmission mechanisms
- G01M13/025—Test-benches with rotational drive means and loading means; Load or drive simulation
Abstract
The invention discloses a gear meshing power loss measuring device, comprising: the first transfer case comprises a first gearwheel and a first pinion which are meshed with each other; the first pinion is driven by a driving motor; the test box comprises a second large gear and a second small gear which are meshed with each other; the first pinion drives the second pinion to rotate; the second transfer case comprises a third large gear and a third small gear which are meshed with each other; the second gearwheel drives a third gearwheel to rotate, and the third gearwheel drives a loading motor; the first transmission shaft and the second transmission shaft are selectively separated or combined through a first clutch, and the first transmission shaft and the second transmission shaft are arranged between the first gearwheel and the second gearwheel; the detection devices are arranged on two sides of the second large gear and the second small gear. The invention also discloses a method for measuring the gear meshing power loss, which determines the gear meshing power loss through the difference value of the input power and the output power.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of gears, in particular to a gear meshing power loss measuring device and a measuring method thereof.
Background
When gears are meshed, mechanical power loss is generated due to relative sliding of tooth surfaces, the power loss can be converted into heat to cause oil film breakage, and in severe cases, the gears can fail. The accurate measurement of the gear meshing power loss has important significance for gear design research. At present, the measurement of the gear meshing power loss generally aims at an equivalent meshing model of a gear, but the difference between the equivalent model and the actual working state of the gear is large, and the measurement result is greatly different from the actual working state. In actual operation of the gear, the meshing power loss of the gear is difficult to accurately measure due to oil stirring loss and bearing friction loss.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to design and develop a gear meshing power loss measuring device, which can divide power into gear single input or meshing input by adopting the cooperation of a transfer case and a clutch, and accurately measure the meshing power loss in the gear running process.
The invention also aims to design and develop a measuring method of the gear meshing power loss measuring device, which obtains the input power and the output power according to different power input or output paths, thereby obtaining the meshing power loss in the gear running process and improving the measuring precision.
The technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
a gear mesh power loss measurement device comprising:
a drive motor; and
a first transfer case including a first large gear and a first small gear that mesh with each other;
the driving motor drives the first pinion to rotate;
a test chamber including a second bull gear and a second pinion gear in meshing engagement with each other;
a first transmission shaft, one end of which is fixed on the first gearwheel;
one end of the second transmission shaft is fixed on the second gearwheel;
a first clutch provided between the other end of the first transmission shaft and the other end of the second transmission shaft for selectively separating or combining the other end of the first transmission shaft and the other end of the second transmission shaft;
a second transfer case including a third large gear and a third small gear that mesh with each other;
a third transmission shaft having one end fixed to the second pinion gear,
a fourth transmission shaft having one end fixed to the third pinion gear;
the second clutch is arranged between the other end of the third transmission shaft and the other end of the fourth transmission shaft and used for selectively separating or combining the other end of the third transmission shaft and the other end of the fourth transmission shaft;
the detection devices are arranged on two sides of the second large gear and the second small gear and are used for detecting the input and output rotating speed and torque of the test box;
the loading motor is connected with the third gearwheel and is driven by the third gearwheel;
the first pinion drives the second pinion to rotate, the second bull gear drives the third bull gear to rotate, and the transmission ratios of the first transfer case, the second transfer case and the test case are the same.
Preferably, the method further comprises the following steps:
a fifth transmission shaft having one end fixed to the first pinion gear and the other end fixed to the second pinion gear;
and one end of the sixth transmission shaft is fixed on the second gearwheel, and the other end of the sixth transmission shaft is fixed on the third gearwheel.
Preferably, the detection device includes:
a first torque meter provided on the fifth transmission shaft for measuring torque and rotational speed input to the second pinion gear;
the second torque meter is arranged on the second transmission shaft and used for measuring the moment and the rotating speed input into the second gearwheel;
the third torque meter is arranged on the third transmission shaft and used for measuring the torque and the rotating speed output by the second pinion;
and the fourth torque meter is arranged on the sixth transmission shaft and is used for measuring the torque and the rotating speed output by the second gearwheel.
Preferably, the test chamber further comprises:
and the box body is arranged on the outer sides of the second large gear and the second small gear.
Preferably, the second transmission shaft, the third transmission shaft, the fifth transmission shaft and the sixth transmission shaft are all rotatably penetrated through the box body.
Preferably, the method further comprises the following steps:
a seventh transmission shaft, one end of which is fixed to the output shaft of the driving motor and the other end of which is fixed to the first pinion;
and one end of the eighth transmission shaft is fixed on the output shaft of the loading motor, and the other end of the eighth transmission shaft is fixed on the third large gear.
A measuring method of a gear meshing power loss measuring device is used, and comprises the following steps:
step one, setting the rotating speed of a driving motor and the torque of a loading motor;
step two, the first clutch and the second clutch are disconnected, the driving motor drives the test box, and the power loss of the test box when the gears are meshed is obtained:
Pl1＝Pin1-Pout1；
in the formula, Pl1For the loss of power in the test chamber when the clutch is disengaged, Pin1For the input power of the test chamber when the clutch is disengaged, Pout1The output power of the test box when the clutch is disconnected;
step three, closing the first clutch and the second clutch, driving the motor to drive the test box, and obtaining the power loss of the test box when the clutch is closed:
Pl2＝Pin2-Pout2；
in the formula, Pl2For the loss of power of the test chamber during clutch closure, Pin2For the input power of the test chamber during clutch closure, Pout2The output power of the test box when the clutch is closed;
step four, obtaining the gear meshing power loss:
Pml＝Pl1-Pl2。
preferably, the input power of the test box when the clutch is disconnected in the second step satisfies the following conditions:
in the formula, n1pIs the input speed of the second pinion, T1pIs the input torque of the second pinion;
the output power of the test box when the clutch is disconnected meets the following requirements:
in the formula, n4pIs the output speed, T, of the second gearwheel4pIs the output torque of the second gearwheel.
Preferably, the input power of the test chamber when the clutch is closed satisfies:
in the formula, n2pInput speed, T, of the second gearwheel2pIs the input torque of the second gearwheel;
the output power of the test box when the clutch is closed meets the following requirements:
in the formula, n3pIs the output speed of the second pinion, T3pIs the output torque of the second pinion.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the gear meshing power loss measuring device designed and developed by the invention has the advantages that the rotating speed is provided by the driving motor, the loading motor provides the loading torque, the power can be divided into the independent input or the meshing input of the gear by adopting the matching of the transfer case and the clutch, the input and output rotating speed and torque of the test box can be measured by a plurality of torque meters, and the meshing power loss in the running process of the gear can be accurately measured.
The measuring method of the gear meshing power loss measuring device designed and developed by the invention obtains the input power and the output power according to the difference of power input or output paths, thereby obtaining the meshing power loss in the gear running process and improving the measuring precision; and the influence of other power losses is eliminated in the process of calculating the gear meshing power loss, and the measurement precision is fully improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the overall assembly structure of the device of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the first distribution box according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the second transfer box of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the test chamber of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in further detail below in order to enable those skilled in the art to practice the invention with reference to the description.
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides a gear mesh power loss measuring device, including: the transfer case comprises a driving motor 110, a loading motor 120, a first transfer case 130, a second transfer case 140, a detection device, a first clutch 161, a second clutch 162, a first transmission shaft 171, a second transmission shaft 172, a third transmission shaft 173, a fourth transmission shaft 174, a fifth transmission shaft 175, a sixth transmission shaft 176, a seventh transmission shaft 177, an eighth transmission shaft 178 and a test case 180, wherein the first transfer case 130 comprises a first small gear 131 and a first large gear 132 which are meshed with each other as shown in fig. 2; one end of the seventh transmission shaft 177 is fixed to the output end of the driving motor 110, and the other end is fixed to the first pinion 131, the driving motor 110 drives the first pinion 131 to rotate and drives the first gearwheel 132 engaged with the first pinion 131 to rotate; as shown in fig. 4, the test chamber 180 includes a box body 184, and a second pinion gear 181 and a second bull gear 182, which are engaged with each other, are included inside the box body 184; one end of the first transmission shaft 171 is fixed to the first large gear 132; one end of the second transmission shaft 172 is rotatably fixed on the second large gear 182 through a bearing 183 and passing through a box body 184; a first clutch 161 disposed between the other end of the first transmission shaft 171 and the other end of the second transmission shaft 172 for selectively separating or combining the other end of the first transmission shaft 171 and the other end of the second transmission shaft 172 for controlling the transmission or interruption of the power; one end of the fifth transmission shaft 175 is fixed on the first pinion 131, and the other end thereof is rotatably fixed on the second pinion 181 through the housing 184 via a bearing 183; as shown in fig. 3, a second transfer case 140 including a third pinion gear 141 and a third bull gear 142 that mesh with each other; one end of the third transmission shaft 173 is rotatably fixed on the second pinion 181 through the box 184 by a bearing 184, and one end of the fourth transmission shaft 174 is fixed on the third pinion 141; a second clutch 162 disposed between the other end of the third transmission shaft 173 and the other end of the fourth transmission shaft 174 for selectively separating or combining the other end of the third transmission shaft 173 and the other end of the fourth transmission shaft 174, and controlling the transmission or interruption of the power; one end of the sixth transmission shaft 176 is rotatably fixed on the second gearwheel 182 through the box body 184 via a bearing 183, and the other end is fixed on the third gearwheel 142; detection devices are arranged at two sides of the second large gear 182 and the second small gear 181 and are used for detecting the input and output rotating speed and torque of the test box 180; the loading motor 120 is connected to the third gearwheel 142, and the third gearwheel 142 drives the loading motor 120, thereby generating a reverse resisting moment. The first pinion 131 drives the second pinion 181 to rotate, the second bull gear 182 drives the third bull gear 142 to rotate, the transmission ratios of the first transfer case 130, the second transfer case 140 and the test case 180 are the same, and therefore no interaction exists among gears of the test case when the clutches are combined.
As shown in fig. 1, the detection apparatus includes: a first torque meter 151, a second torque meter 152, a third torque meter 153 and a fourth torque meter 154, wherein the first torque meter 151 is arranged on the fifth transmission shaft 175 and is used for measuring the torque and the rotating speed of the input second pinion 181; a second torque meter 152, which is arranged on the second transmission shaft 172, and is used for measuring the torque and the rotating speed input into the second gearwheel 182; a third torque meter 153, provided on the third transmission shaft 173, for measuring the torque and the rotation speed output from the second pinion 181; and a fourth torque meter 154 arranged on the sixth transmission shaft 176 for measuring the torque and the rotation speed output by the second large gear 182.
The gear meshing power loss measuring device provided by the invention has the advantages that the rotating speed is provided by the driving motor, the loading motor provides the loading torque, the power can be divided into the independent input or the meshing input of the gear by adopting the matching of the transfer case and the clutch, the input and output rotating speed and torque of the test box can be measured by the plurality of torque meters, and the meshing power loss in the running process of the gear is accurately measured.
The invention also provides a measuring method of the gear meshing power loss measuring device, and the measuring method comprises the following steps:
step one, setting the rotating speed of a driving motor 110 and the torque of a loading motor 120;
step two, the first clutch 161 and the second clutch 162 are disconnected, the driving motor 110 drives the test box 180, the loading motor 120 loads the test box 180 through the second transfer case 140, at this time, power is input through the second small gear 181 and output through the second large gear 182, and the power loss of the test box 180 during gear engagement (the power loss includes gear oil stirring loss, engagement power loss, bearing friction loss and the like) is obtained:
Pl1＝Pin1-Pout1；
in the formula, Pl1The power loss of the test box when the clutch is disconnected is determined in kW and Pin1Input power of the test box when the clutch is disconnected is kW and Pout1The unit is kW which is the output power of the test box when the clutch is disconnected;
wherein, the input power of proof box satisfies when the clutch breaks:
in the formula, n1pIs the input rotation speed of the second pinion gear and has the unit of r/min and T1pIs the input torque of the second pinion, with the unit of N · m;
the output power of the test box when the clutch is disconnected meets the following requirements:
in the formula, n4pIs the output speed, T, of the second gearwheel4pIs the output torque of the second gearwheel.
Step three, the first clutch 161 and the second clutch 162 are closed, the driving motor 110 drives the test chamber, at this time, the input power is composed of two parts, and is respectively input by the second small gear 181 and the second large gear 182, and the power loss of the test chamber when the clutch is closed is obtained (because the clutch is closed, the gears of the test chamber have no interaction, and the power loss contains other losses except the gear meshing loss):
Pl2＝Pin2-Pout2；
in the formula, Pl2For the loss of power of the test chamber during clutch closure, Pin2For the input power of the test chamber during clutch closure, Pout2The output power of the test box when the clutch is closed;
wherein the input power of the test chamber when the clutch is closed satisfies:
in the formula, n2pInput speed, T, of the second gearwheel2pIs the input torque of the second gearwheel;
the output power of the test box when the clutch is closed meets the following requirements:
in the formula, n3pIs the output speed of the second pinion, T3pIs the output torque of the second pinion.
Step four, obtaining the gear meshing power loss:
Pml＝Pl1-Pl2。
in another embodiment, five sets of experimental data are obtained and the exact gear mesh power loss is obtained from the experimental data, as shown in table one.
Watch 1
The measuring method of the gear meshing power loss measuring device designed and developed by the invention obtains the loss power of the input power and the output power according to the difference of power input or output paths, thereby obtaining the meshing power loss in the gear running process and improving the measuring precision; and the influence of other power losses is eliminated in the process of calculating the gear meshing power loss, and the measurement precision is fully improved.
While embodiments of the invention have been described above, it is not limited to the applications set forth in the description and the embodiments, which are fully applicable to various fields of endeavor for which the invention may be embodied with additional modifications as would be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the invention is therefore not limited to the details given herein and to the embodiments shown and described without departing from the generic concept as defined by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (9)
1. A gear mesh power loss measuring device, comprising:
a drive motor; and
a first transfer case including a first large gear and a first small gear that mesh with each other;
the driving motor drives the first pinion to rotate;
a test chamber including a second bull gear and a second pinion gear in meshing engagement with each other;
a first transmission shaft, one end of which is fixed on the first gearwheel;
one end of the second transmission shaft is fixed on the second gearwheel;
a first clutch provided between the other end of the first transmission shaft and the other end of the second transmission shaft for selectively separating or combining the other end of the first transmission shaft and the other end of the second transmission shaft;
a second transfer case including a third large gear and a third small gear that mesh with each other;
a third transmission shaft having one end fixed to the second pinion gear,
a fourth transmission shaft having one end fixed to the third pinion gear;
the second clutch is arranged between the other end of the third transmission shaft and the other end of the fourth transmission shaft and used for selectively separating or combining the other end of the third transmission shaft and the other end of the fourth transmission shaft;
the detection devices are arranged on two sides of the second large gear and the second small gear and are used for detecting the input and output rotating speed and torque of the test box;
the loading motor is connected with the third gearwheel and is driven by the third gearwheel;
the first pinion drives the second pinion to rotate, the second bull gear drives the third bull gear to rotate, and the transmission ratios of the first transfer case, the second transfer case and the test case are the same.
2. The gear mesh power loss measurement device of claim 1, further comprising:
a fifth transmission shaft having one end fixed to the first pinion gear and the other end fixed to the second pinion gear;
and one end of the sixth transmission shaft is fixed on the second gearwheel, and the other end of the sixth transmission shaft is fixed on the third gearwheel.
3. The gear mesh power loss measuring device according to claim 2, wherein the detecting means includes:
a first torque meter provided on the fifth transmission shaft for measuring torque and rotational speed input to the second pinion gear;
the second torque meter is arranged on the second transmission shaft and used for measuring the moment and the rotating speed input into the second gearwheel;
the third torque meter is arranged on the third transmission shaft and used for measuring the torque and the rotating speed output by the second pinion;
and the fourth torque meter is arranged on the sixth transmission shaft and is used for measuring the torque and the rotating speed output by the second gearwheel.
4. The gear mesh power loss measurement device of claim 3, wherein the test chamber further comprises:
and the box body is arranged on the outer sides of the second large gear and the second small gear.
5. The gear mesh power loss measurement device of claim 4 wherein said second drive shaft, third drive shaft, fifth drive shaft and sixth drive shaft are each rotatably disposed through said housing.
6. The gear mesh power loss measuring device according to claim 5, further comprising:
a seventh transmission shaft, one end of which is fixed to the output shaft of the driving motor and the other end of which is fixed to the first pinion;
and one end of the eighth transmission shaft is fixed on the output shaft of the loading motor, and the other end of the eighth transmission shaft is fixed on the third large gear.
7. A measuring method of a gear mesh power loss measuring device, characterized by using the gear mesh power loss measuring device according to claims 1 to 6, comprising the steps of:
step one, setting the rotating speed of a driving motor and the torque of a loading motor;
step two, the first clutch and the second clutch are disconnected, the driving motor drives the test box, and the power loss of the test box when the gears are meshed is obtained:
Pl1＝Pin1-Pout1；
in the formula, Pl1For the loss of power in the test chamber when the clutch is disengaged, Pin1For the input power of the test chamber when the clutch is disengaged, Pout1The output power of the test box when the clutch is disconnected;
step three, closing the first clutch and the second clutch, driving the motor to drive the test box, and obtaining the power loss of the test box when the clutch is closed:
Pl2＝Pin2-Pout2；
in the formula, Pl2For the loss of power of the test chamber during clutch closure, Pin2For the input power of the test chamber during clutch closure, Pout2The output power of the test box when the clutch is closed;
step four, obtaining the gear meshing power loss:
Pml＝Pl1-Pl2。
8. the method for measuring a gear mesh power loss measuring device according to claim 7, wherein the input power of the test box when the clutch is disconnected in the second step satisfies:
in the formula, n1pIs the input speed of the second pinion, T1pIs the input torque of the second pinion;
the output power of the test box when the clutch is disconnected meets the following requirements:
in the formula, n4pIs the output speed, T, of the second gearwheel4pIs the output torque of the second gearwheel.
9. The method for measuring a gear mesh power loss measuring device according to claim 7, wherein the input power of the test chamber when the clutch is closed satisfies:
in the formula, n2pInput speed, T, of the second gearwheel2pIs the input torque of the second gearwheel;
the output power of the test box when the clutch is closed meets the following requirements:
in the formula, n3pIs the output speed of the second pinion, T3pIs the output torque of the second pinion.
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| CN111780970B (en) | 2021-03-26 |
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