CN111780094A - Deviating equivalence ratio ultra-low nitrogen combustion device and combustion method - Google Patents
Deviating equivalence ratio ultra-low nitrogen combustion device and combustion method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111780094A CN111780094A CN202010691788.0A CN202010691788A CN111780094A CN 111780094 A CN111780094 A CN 111780094A CN 202010691788 A CN202010691788 A CN 202010691788A CN 111780094 A CN111780094 A CN 111780094A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C7/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C5/00—Disposition of burners with respect to the combustion chamber or to one another; Mounting of burners in combustion apparatus
- F23C5/08—Disposition of burners
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Abstract
The invention relates to an off-equivalence-ratio ultra-low-nitrogen combustion device and a method, wherein the device comprises: a primary fuel passage located off-center from the equivalence ratio ultra-low nitrogen combustion device; a primary air passage surrounding the primary fuel passage and disposed coaxially with the primary fuel passage; a secondary air passage located radially outside the primary air passage and coaxially disposed with the primary air passage; a secondary fuel passage including a plurality of tubes disposed in the secondary air passage and evenly distributed around the primary fuel passage; the primary fuel channel and the primary air channel are set to enable the primary air flow to be excessive relative to the primary fuel injection quantity, and therefore combustion air with low oxygen concentration is generated through combustion; the secondary fuel passage and the secondary air passage are arranged such that the injection amount of the secondary fuel is excessive with respect to the flow amount of the secondary air, thereby generating the low heating value secondary fuel by combustion; the device is also provided with a burnout zone for mixed combustion of low-oxygen-concentration combustion air and low-calorific-value secondary fuel.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of clean combustion of fuel gas, in particular to an ultralow-nitrogen combustion device deviating from an equivalence ratio and a combustion method.
Background
Nitrogen oxides NOx generated in the combustion process of gas are one of the main atmospheric pollutants, and the national emission limit of nitrogen oxides is tightening. The mainstream smoke external circulation type (FGR) low-nitrogen burner in recent years can basically meet the emission of 30mg/Nm3The emission requirement of (2) but the flue gas external circulation type low-nitrogen combustor requires that the flue gas external circulation amount accounts for about 15-20% of the total flue gas amount, so that the boiler efficiency is reduced by 2% -4%, the energy waste is caused, the capability of further reducing nitrogen oxides is not provided, and the method cannot adapt to tightening expectations of national policies. The smoke internal circulation type (FIR) low-nitrogen combustor has been developed in two years, and mainly realizes entrainment of smoke in a furnace through high-speed jet flow of air and fuel gas, so that the oxygen concentration of combustion air and the heat value of fuel are reduced, the generation amount of nitrogen oxide is reduced, but the power of a fan and the pressure of fuel gas need to be greatly increased, the influence of load change on the capacity of ejecting the smoke is large, the discharge of the nitrogen oxide is unstable, and the nitrogen oxide is difficult to be reduced to 30mg/Nm3The following.
The core idea of the flue gas external circulation type low-nitrogen combustor and the flue gas internal circulation type low-nitrogen combustor is that the existing flue gas is mixed to dilute air and fuel, so that the oxygen concentration of the air or the heat value of the fuel is reduced, and the reduction of the peak temperature of flame and the emission reduction of nitrogen oxides are realized. Both of these approaches cause either a reduction in boiler efficiency or an increase in fan power consumption and increased demand for gas pressure.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and it is an object of the present invention to provide an off-equivalence-ratio ultra-low nitrogen combustion apparatus and a combustion method, which can perform low-temperature combustion in a primary combustion process under the condition of an excessive excess of air and an excessive excess of fuel, respectively, by classifying air and fuel and arranging the equivalence ratios not to be equal, and can generate low-oxygen-concentration secondary combustion air and low-calorific-value secondary fuel, respectively, and perform diffusion-mixing secondary combustion, thereby greatly reducing the emission of nitrogen oxides without forming a high-temperature flame region in the entire combustion process.
According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided an off-equivalence-ratio ultra-low-nitrogen combustion apparatus, including:
a primary fuel passage located at a central location of the off-equivalence-ratio ultra-low-nitrogen combustion device;
a primary air passage surrounding and disposed coaxially with the primary fuel passage;
a secondary air passage located radially outward of the primary air passage and disposed coaxially with the primary air passage;
a secondary fuel passage including a number of tubes disposed in the secondary air passage and evenly distributed around the primary fuel passage;
the tail end of the primary air channel is provided with a primary fuel combustion area, and the primary fuel channel and the primary air channel are arranged in such a way that the primary air flow is excessive relative to the primary fuel injection amount, so that the primary fuel combustion area is combusted to generate combustion-supporting air with low oxygen concentration;
a secondary fuel combustion area is arranged at the tail end of the secondary air channel, and the secondary fuel channel and the secondary air channel are arranged in such a way that the injection quantity of the secondary fuel is excessive relative to the flow of the secondary air, so that the secondary fuel combustion area is combusted to generate low-heating-value secondary fuel;
the off-equivalence-ratio ultralow-nitrogen combustion device is further provided with a burnout zone for mixed combustion of low-oxygen-concentration combustion air generated by combustion of primary fuel and low-calorific-value secondary fuel generated by combustion of secondary fuel, the first air channel is communicated with the burnout zone through the primary fuel combustion zone, and the second air channel is communicated with the burnout zone through the secondary fuel combustion zone.
Preferably, the end face of the primary fuel channel is provided with a plurality of injection holes, and the end is provided with a plurality of branch pipes which extend radially outwards and are spaced at equal angles, and each branch pipe is provided with a plurality of injection holes facing the axial direction and the radial direction.
Preferably, the primary fuel passage is provided with a swirl disk upstream of the plurality of branch pipes.
Further preferably, the primary fuel passage and the secondary fuel passage are arranged such that a flow ratio of the primary fuel to the secondary fuel is 3:7 to 1: 9.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided an off-equivalence-ratio ultra-low-nitrogen combustion method, comprising:
mixing and burning a small amount of primary fuel conveyed through the primary fuel channel and excessive primary air conveyed through the primary air channel to generate combustion air with low oxygen concentration;
mixing and combusting the excessive secondary fuel conveyed through the secondary fuel passage and a small amount of secondary air conveyed through the secondary air passage to generate low-heating-value secondary fuel;
and the generated low-calorific-value secondary fuel and low-oxygen-concentration combustion air are diffused, mixed and combusted.
Preferably, the excess air ratio of the primary air and primary fuel mixed combustion is 2.0-8.0.
Preferably, the excess air ratio of the secondary air and secondary fuel mixed combustion is 0.5-0.9.
Preferably, the oxygen content of the low oxygen concentration combustion air produced by the combustion of the primary fuel in excess primary air is between 10% and 18%.
Preferably, the secondary fuel is combusted in a small amount of secondary air that is insufficient for complete combustion to produce a secondary fuel having a heating value of 10% to 40% of the heating value of the primary fuel.
Compared with the prior art, the application has the following technical effects: 1. the emission of nitrogen oxides is superior to the current flue gas external circulation low-nitrogen combustion technology (FGR) and the common flue gas internal circulation low-nitrogen combustion technology (FIR); 2. the boiler efficiency is not reduced, and the boiler efficiency is generally reduced by 2-4% by the flue gas external circulation low-nitrogen combustion technology (FGR); 3. because of the adoption of the off-equivalence-ratio combustion method, the requirements on the pressure of the fuel gas and the pressure of the combustion-supporting air are less than that of the common flue gas internal circulation low-nitrogen combustion technology (FIR) which depends on the flue gas in the high-speed jet entrainment furnace.
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Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments. The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating the preferred embodiments and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. Also, like reference numerals are used to refer to like parts throughout the drawings. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 illustrates a schematic diagram of an off-equivalence-ratio ultra-low nitrogen combustion device, according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 illustrates a schematic cross-sectional view of an off-equivalence-ratio ultra-low-nitrogen combustion device, according to an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
Various exemplary embodiments, features and aspects of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that the relative arrangement of the components, numerical representations and numerical values described in these embodiments does not limit the scope of the present invention unless specifically stated otherwise. It should be noted that the following embodiments do not limit the scope of the present invention recited in the claims, and not all combinations of features described in these embodiments are essential to the present invention.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, an off-equivalence-ratio ultra-low-nitrogen combustion device is provided. As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the off-equivalence-ratio ultra-low-nitrogen combustion apparatus of the present invention includes: a primary fuel passage 1 located off-center from the equivalence ratio ultra-low nitrogen combustion device; a primary air passage 3 which surrounds the primary fuel passage 1 and is provided coaxially with the primary fuel passage 1; a secondary air passage 4 located radially outside the primary air passage 3 and coaxially provided with the primary air passage 3; a secondary fuel channel 2 comprising several ducts arranged in a secondary air channel 4 and evenly distributed around the primary fuel channel 1.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the air passage is divided into a primary air passage 3 and a secondary air passage 4 by a partition cylinder 5 so that combustion air is divided in a set ratio, a large amount of combustion air is introduced into the primary air passage 3 and a small amount of combustion air is introduced into the secondary air passage 4.
As shown in fig. 1, the primary air channel 3 is provided at the end with a primary fuel combustion zone, and the primary fuel channel 1 and the primary air channel 3 are arranged such that the primary air flow rate is excessive relative to the primary fuel flow rate/injection amount, so that the primary fuel combustion zone is combusted to generate combustion air of low oxygen concentration. The secondary air passage 4 is provided at the end with a secondary fuel combustion zone, and the secondary fuel passage 2 and the secondary air passage 4 are provided such that the flow rate/injection amount of the secondary fuel is excessive with respect to the flow rate of the secondary air, so that the secondary fuel combustion zone is combusted to generate a low calorific value secondary fuel.
As shown in fig. 1, the off-equivalence-ratio ultra-low-nitrogen combustion apparatus of the present invention is further provided with a burnout zone in which low-oxygen-concentration combustion air generated by combustion of a primary fuel and a low-calorific-value secondary fuel generated by combustion of a secondary fuel are mixedly combusted. The first air passage 3 communicates with the burnout zone via the primary fuel combustion zone, and the second air passage communicates with the burnout zone via the secondary fuel combustion zone.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the primary fuel channel 1 is opened at a distal end face with a plurality of injection holes, and provided at the distal end with a plurality of branch pipes 6 extending radially outward and spaced at equal angles, each branch pipe being opened with a plurality of injection holes directed in the axial direction and in the radial direction, so that the primary fuel injected through the primary fuel channel 1 is sufficiently contacted with the primary air to achieve sufficient combustion. Preferably, the primary fuel channel 1 is provided with a swirl disk 7 upstream of the plurality of branch pipes 6 to achieve swirl-stabilized combustion of the primary fuel.
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the primary fuel passage 1 and the secondary fuel passage 3 are arranged such that the flow ratio of primary fuel to secondary fuel is 3:7-1:9, preferably 2:8-1: 9. Further preferably, the proportion of the primary fuel to the total fuel quantity is about 10%, and correspondingly the secondary fuel is about 90% of the total fuel quantity.
Another aspect of the invention relates to a deviating equivalence ratio ultra-low nitrogen combustion method comprising: mixing and burning a small amount of primary fuel delivered through the primary fuel channel 1 and an excessive amount of primary air delivered through the primary air channel 3 to generate combustion air with low oxygen concentration; mixing and combusting the excessive secondary fuel delivered through the secondary fuel passage 2 and the small amount of secondary air delivered through the secondary air passage 4 to generate low heating value secondary fuel; and the generated low-calorific-value secondary fuel and low-oxygen-concentration combustion air are diffused, mixed and combusted.
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the primary air is combusted in admixture with the primary fuel with an excess air ratio of 2.0-8.0, so that the oxygen content of the combustion air with low oxygen concentration produced by the combustion of the primary fuel in an excess primary air environment is 10-18%. Further preferably, the primary air is combusted in admixture with the primary fuel with an excess air ratio of about 3.8, and the oxygen content of the low oxygen concentration combustion air produced by combustion of the primary fuel in the excess primary air is about 15%. According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the excess air ratio of the secondary air to be mixed with the secondary fuel for combustion is 0.5 to 0.9, so that the secondary fuel is combusted in a small amount of secondary air, which is insufficient for complete combustion, to generate a secondary fuel having a calorific value of 15 to 25% of the calorific value of the primary fuel. Further preferably, the secondary fuel is combusted in a small amount of secondary air to produce a secondary fuel having a heating value of about 20% of the heating value of the primary fuel. Preferably, the oxygen content in the residual gas after the combustion air with low oxygen concentration and the secondary fuel with low calorific value are subjected to diffusion mixed combustion is less than 3.5 percent.
The ultralow-nitrogen combustion device and the combustion method which deviate from the equivalence ratio can be used for combustion of various gas fuels such as natural gas, coke oven gas, gas and the like. On the basis of staged combustion, a deviating equivalence ratio combustion method is utilized to enable the position with excessive fuel to be combusted to generate low-heat-value secondary fuel, the position with excessive air to generate low-oxygen-concentration combustion air, and then the low-heat-value secondary fuel and the low-oxygen-concentration combustion air are mixed and combusted in a delayed mode, so that ultralow nitrogen emission independent of flue gas mixing is achieved. Specifically, the primary fuel channel distributes relatively less fuel, the primary air channel distributes relatively more air, so that the primary fuel is completely combusted under the condition of excess air, the excess air has a cooling effect on flame due to the excess primary air, the combustion temperature is reduced, the generation amount of nitrogen oxides is small, and smoke generated by combustion is mixed with the excess air to form combustion-supporting air with low oxygen concentration. The secondary fuel channel distributes relatively more fuel, and the secondary air channel distributes relatively less air, so that the secondary fuel can be incompletely combusted under the condition of insufficient air and excessive fuel, and the excessive fuel has a cooling effect on flame, so that the combustion temperature is reduced, the generation of nitrogen oxides is less, and the secondary fuel with a low calorific value is generated.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. An off-equivalence-ratio ultra-low-nitrogen combustion apparatus, comprising:
a primary fuel passage located at a central location of the off-equivalence-ratio ultra-low-nitrogen combustion device;
a primary air passage surrounding and disposed coaxially with the primary fuel passage;
a secondary air passage located radially outward of the primary air passage and disposed coaxially with the primary air passage;
a secondary fuel passage including a number of tubes disposed in the secondary air passage and evenly distributed around the primary fuel passage;
the tail end of the primary air channel is provided with a primary fuel combustion area, and the primary fuel channel and the primary air channel are arranged in such a way that the primary air flow is excessive relative to the primary fuel injection amount, so that the primary fuel combustion area is combusted to generate combustion-supporting air with low oxygen concentration;
a secondary fuel combustion area is arranged at the tail end of the secondary air channel, and the secondary fuel channel and the secondary air channel are arranged in such a way that the injection quantity of the secondary fuel is excessive relative to the flow of the secondary air, so that the secondary fuel combustion area is combusted to generate low-heating-value secondary fuel;
the off-equivalence-ratio ultralow-nitrogen combustion device is further provided with a burnout zone for mixed combustion of low-oxygen-concentration combustion air generated by combustion of primary fuel and low-calorific-value secondary fuel generated by combustion of secondary fuel, the first air channel is communicated with the burnout zone through the primary fuel combustion zone, and the second air channel is communicated with the burnout zone through the secondary fuel combustion zone.
2. The off-equivalence-ratio ultra-low-nitrogen combustion device according to claim 1, wherein the primary fuel channel has a plurality of injection holes opened at a distal end face thereof, and a plurality of branch pipes extending radially outward and spaced at equal angles are provided at the distal end, and each branch pipe has a plurality of injection holes opened in an axial direction and in a radial direction.
3. The off-equivalence-ratio ultra-low-nitrogen combustion device of claim 2, wherein the primary fuel channel is provided with a swirl disk upstream of the plurality of branch pipes.
4. The off-equivalence-ratio ultra-low-nitrogen combustion device of any of claims 1-3, wherein the primary fuel passage and the secondary fuel passage are arranged such that a flow ratio of primary fuel to secondary fuel is 3:7 to 1: 9.
5. An off-equivalence-ratio ultra-low nitrogen combustion method, comprising:
mixing and burning a small amount of primary fuel conveyed through the primary fuel channel and excessive primary air conveyed through the primary air channel to generate combustion air with low oxygen concentration;
mixing and combusting the excessive secondary fuel conveyed through the secondary fuel passage and a small amount of secondary air conveyed through the secondary air passage to generate low-heating-value secondary fuel;
and the generated low-calorific-value secondary fuel and low-oxygen-concentration combustion air are diffused, mixed and combusted.
6. The off-equivalence-ratio ultra-low nitrogen combustion method of claim 5, wherein the excess air factor of the primary air and primary fuel mixed combustion is 2.0-8.0.
7. The off-equivalence-ratio ultra-low nitrogen combustion method of claim 5, wherein the excess air ratio of the secondary air and secondary fuel mixed combustion is 0.5-0.9.
8. The off-equivalence-ratio ultra-low nitrogen combustion method according to claim 5, wherein the oxygen content of the low-oxygen-concentration combustion air generated by the combustion of the primary fuel in excess primary air is 10% -18%.
9. The off-equivalence-ratio ultra-low nitrogen combustion method of claim 5, wherein the secondary fuel is combusted in a small amount of secondary air insufficient for complete combustion to produce a secondary fuel having a heating value of 10% to 40% of the heating value of the primary fuel.
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| CN202010691788.0A CN111780094A (en) | 2020-07-17 | 2020-07-17 | Deviating equivalence ratio ultra-low nitrogen combustion device and combustion method |
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| CN202010691788.0A CN111780094A (en) | 2020-07-17 | 2020-07-17 | Deviating equivalence ratio ultra-low nitrogen combustion device and combustion method |
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| CN105698172A (en) * | 2016-04-11 | 2016-06-22 | 徐州科融环境资源股份有限公司 | Petal-shaped staged combustion gas low-nitrogen combustor |
| CN105805746A (en) * | 2016-05-12 | 2016-07-27 | 徐州科融环境资源股份有限公司 | Classified-combustion fuel gas low-nitrogen combustor |
| CN206112921U (en) * | 2016-05-06 | 2017-04-19 | 北京佳德昌科技有限责任公司 | Multistage air distribution's low NOx burner |
| CN107606613A (en) * | 2017-09-27 | 2018-01-19 | 西安交通大学 | The low nitrogen rotational flow gas-fired combustor of flue gas recirculation built in gas-air Accurate Classification |
| CN110056873A (en) * | 2019-03-15 | 2019-07-26 | 山东博然电力科技有限公司 | A kind of low nitrogen combustion apparatus suitable for fuel gas with low heat value |
| CN111023091A (en) * | 2019-12-23 | 2020-04-17 | 清华大学 | High-temperature flue gas multi-stage backflow low-nitrogen combustor and combustion method thereof |
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2020
- 2020-07-17 CN CN202010691788.0A patent/CN111780094A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105698172A (en) * | 2016-04-11 | 2016-06-22 | 徐州科融环境资源股份有限公司 | Petal-shaped staged combustion gas low-nitrogen combustor |
| CN206112921U (en) * | 2016-05-06 | 2017-04-19 | 北京佳德昌科技有限责任公司 | Multistage air distribution's low NOx burner |
| CN105805746A (en) * | 2016-05-12 | 2016-07-27 | 徐州科融环境资源股份有限公司 | Classified-combustion fuel gas low-nitrogen combustor |
| CN107606613A (en) * | 2017-09-27 | 2018-01-19 | 西安交通大学 | The low nitrogen rotational flow gas-fired combustor of flue gas recirculation built in gas-air Accurate Classification |
| CN110056873A (en) * | 2019-03-15 | 2019-07-26 | 山东博然电力科技有限公司 | A kind of low nitrogen combustion apparatus suitable for fuel gas with low heat value |
| CN111023091A (en) * | 2019-12-23 | 2020-04-17 | 清华大学 | High-temperature flue gas multi-stage backflow low-nitrogen combustor and combustion method thereof |
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