CN111778783B - Steel rail dynamic vibration absorber with embedded photonic crystal structure and using method thereof - Google Patents
Steel rail dynamic vibration absorber with embedded photonic crystal structure and using method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111778783B CN111778783B CN202010613391.XA CN202010613391A CN111778783B CN 111778783 B CN111778783 B CN 111778783B CN 202010613391 A CN202010613391 A CN 202010613391A CN 111778783 B CN111778783 B CN 111778783B
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
- E01B19/00—Protection of permanent way against development of dust or against the effect of wind, sun, frost, or corrosion; Means to reduce development of noise
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
- E01B19/00—Protection of permanent way against development of dust or against the effect of wind, sun, frost, or corrosion; Means to reduce development of noise
- E01B19/003—Means for reducing the development or propagation of noise
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Abstract
A steel rail dynamic vibration absorber comprises three parts in the thickness direction of a main body structure: the steel rail buffer layer, the phonon crystal structure layer and the external restraint layer; the band gap generated by the phonon crystal structure layer can cover the dominant frequency of various vibrations, so that the vibration of the steel rail is attenuated, the vibration energy transmitted to the structure under the rail and the surrounding buildings is further reduced, and the related structures are protected. The invention also discloses a vibration-damping steel rail, wherein the steel rail is provided with the steel rail dynamic vibration absorber, a steel rail buffer layer, a phononic crystal structure layer and an external restraint layer are arranged from inside to outside by taking the steel rail as the inner side, and the structure is fixed at the rail waist between two groups of fasteners by a prefabricated clamp to form the vibration-damping steel rail with the phononic crystal structure which is symmetrical about the cross section of the steel rail. The invention is beneficial to the control of vibration reduction and noise reduction of rail transit, high-speed railways and heavy haul railways, is particularly suitable for urban rail transit, high-speed railways, heavy haul railways and common railways, and can also be used for vibration reduction of other power machines.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of rail transit, and relates to a steel rail dynamic vibration absorber with an embedded phononic crystal structure and a using method thereof.
Background
With the continuous development of rail transit technology, the environmental protection problem of rail transit is receiving more and more attention, especially the noise and vibration problem that it produces.
At present, vibration reduction and noise reduction measures of rail transit mainly start from three aspects: control over the vibration/sound source (rail grinding, dynamic vibration absorber mounting, etc.), control over the propagation path (by using elastic fasteners and floating slab tracks, etc.), and control over the vibration/sound receiver. The vibration that the wheel rail system produced transmits to the track structure through rail fastener system and closes on the building, and the vibration of control rail can reduce the vibration energy of transmitting to structure under the rail to realize the damping of system, reduce its influence to peripheral building and resident.
The data show that the application of elastic fasteners such as rail shock absorber fasteners, pioneer type fasteners and the like in subways in China is not ideal, serious abnormal corrugation of steel rails is induced, and the corrugation aggravation can cause high-frequency vibration of wheel rails instead, so that the resonance of vehicles is caused. The steel rail is used as a main radiation source of noise, and the steel rail has a small effect on reducing the vibration and the noise of the steel rail in the improvement measure of the elastic fastener, so that the problem needs to be solved fundamentally by adopting the measure of reducing the vibration of the steel rail. The steel rail is inspired by the band gap characteristic of the phononic crystal structure, the phononic crystal structure can be arranged on the steel rail, and the band gap width of the structure is utilized to eliminate the vibration of a specific frequency band, so that the vibration reduction of the steel rail is realized, and the external acoustic radiation of the steel rail is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provides a steel rail dynamic vibration absorber.
Phononic crystal structures, i.e. a form of structure in which the basic constituent units of an object are combined in the same manner. In recent years, inspired by the natural crystal electronic band theory, it has been found that there exists a frequency range in the phononic crystal structure that can inhibit the propagation of certain classical waves, which is called the band gap. The propagation of an elastic wave having a frequency within the band gap through such a structure is greatly attenuated, while an elastic wave having a frequency outside the band gap can smoothly pass through the structure.
The invention provides a steel rail dynamic vibration absorber with an embedded phononic crystal structure, which can generate band gaps within a frequency band range of 50-3000 Hz by designing reasonable geometric parameters and material parameters of a phononic crystal structure layer embedded in the vibration absorber, can cover dominant frequencies of various vibrations, can greatly attenuate the vibration of a steel rail, further reduce the vibration energy transmitted to a structure under the rail and surrounding buildings, and protect related structures.
In order to achieve the purpose, the solution scheme of the invention is specifically as follows:
a steel rail dynamic vibration absorber comprises a main body structure and a vibration absorber body, wherein the thickness direction of the main body structure comprises three parts: rail buffer layer, phonon crystal structure layer, outside restraint layer. The steel rail buffer layer is made of rubber materials, one surface of the steel rail buffer layer is matched with the profile of the rail web and the rail bottom of the steel rail, and the other surface of the steel rail buffer layer is matched with the profile of the phononic crystal structure layer; the phononic crystal structure layer is of a multi-period structure consisting of AB type or ABC type layer element cells along the thickness/width direction, the materials of adjacent substructure layers in the element cells are different, so that the structure generates band gap characteristics to form a vibration elimination frequency band, in addition, a plurality of periodic slave structures are arranged in the length direction and/or the width direction of the phononic crystal structure, are represented as columnar fillers arranged in an array and can be arranged into a cylinder or a prism, the materials of the columnar fillers can be selected according to actual conditions, and the combination form of the periodic slave structures and the phononic crystal structure layer is in a cutting relation; the periodic slave structure comprises a hole and a columnar filler, wherein the columnar filler is embedded into the hole and can be provided with a boss exposed out of the surface of the phononic crystal structure layer; the external restraint layer is made of steel materials, the inner side of the external restraint layer is matched with the profile of the phononic crystal, and bolt holes are formed in the outer side of the external restraint layer, so that the external restraint layer is convenient for fixing a clamp. The clamping structure can be provided with more than 2 clamps along the longitudinal direction of the steel rail as required, and the clamps are connected with the external constraint layer through bolts to realize the fixation of the steel rail dynamic vibration absorber.
Preferably, the inner side of the rail buffer layer needs to be completely matched with the profile of the rail web and the rail bottom, and a rubber material with certain plasticity can be considered in material selection.
Preferably, both the upper and lower ends of the columnar filler of the phononic crystal structure layer are exposed on the upper and lower surfaces, and only the upper (lower) end of the columnar filler may be exposed on the upper (lower) surface of the structure or not.
Preferably, the porosity of the holes in the thickness direction is 5-30%, the diameter is 5-20mm, and the depth is 20-40 mm; the porosity of the width direction hole is 5-30%, the diameter is 5-10mm, and the depth is 60-100 mm.
Preferably, the exposed structure surface part of the columnar filler is a platform (such as a prismoid or a truncated cone), the diameter of the upper surface of the platform is 3-10mm, the diameter of the lower surface of the platform is 10-20mm, and the axial length of the platform on the surface of the phononic crystal structure layer is 3-5 mm.
Preferably, the thicknesses of the sub-structure layers of the layered unit cells are the same, the single layered unit cell can form a 2-period structure, a 3-period structure or a multi-period structure according to the phononic crystal structure formed by the single layered unit cell, and the sizes and the materials of the corresponding sub-structure layers in the layered unit cells are the same.
Preferably, the thickness of each layer in the layered cellular is adjusted according to the concerned vibration sensitive frequency so as to improve the vibration damping effect in a targeted manner, and the length and the width of the layered cellular need to ensure that the phononic crystal structure layer does not contact the steel rail and the fastener.
Preferably, the phononic crystal structure layer is in a cuboid shape; when the steel rail dynamic vibration absorber is arranged between two adjacent groups of fasteners by taking 1-3 fasteners as a group, the length of the phononic crystal structure layer is 100-400mm, the width is 60-100mm, and the thickness is 20-40 mm.
Preferably, the composition material of the phononic crystal structure layer is selected from one or more of a rigid material and an elastic material, specifically, the rigid material is selected from one or more of an alloy material and a metal material, and the elastic material is selected from one or more of a rubber material and a resin material.
Preferably, the shape, size and material of the periodic secondary structures should be the same, arranged periodically at regular intervals in the length and/or width direction of the periodic substructure.
Preferably, the number and diameter of the lamellar cells and the columnar periodic slave structures can be adjusted according to the vibration sensitive frequency of interest, for example, when vibration absorption for high-frequency vibration is considered and the main size of the phononic crystal structure layer is not changed, the requirement can be met by increasing the thickness of the lamellar cells, increasing the number of the array columnar periodic slave structures and reducing the diameter of the array columnar periodic slave structures, and vice versa.
Preferably, the whole structure is fixed to outside restraint layer needs sectional fixture, arranges the screw according to the fixed requirement of environment to the structure that dynamic vibration absorber is located, need arrange two sets of screws at least, and 2 screws of every group are located the upper end and the lower extreme of board respectively.
A method for using a steel rail dynamic vibration absorber with an embedded photonic crystal structure is that a vibration reduction steel rail containing the steel rail dynamic vibration absorber is mounted on the steel rail, a steel rail buffer layer, a photonic crystal structure layer and an external constraint layer are arranged from inside to outside by taking the steel rail as the inner side, and the structure is fixed at the rail waist between two groups of fasteners by a prefabricated clamp to form the vibration reduction steel rail with the photonic crystal structure which is symmetrical about the cross section of the steel rail.
Due to the adoption of the scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
firstly, the structure of the steel rail dynamic vibration absorber is changed, the band gap characteristic of the phononic crystal structure is utilized, and the design parameters of the phononic crystal structure layer are adjusted, so that the vibration is specifically reduced, and the vibration reduction effect is improved.
Secondly, the invention realizes the mortise and tenon fixation of the structures among the layers of the dynamic vibration absorber by introducing a columnar periodic secondary structure and utilizing the surface table body of the photonic crystal structure layer, and can select the materials of the periodic secondary structure according to the requirements, thereby achieving the purpose of enhancing the vibration reduction performance of the steel rail dynamic vibration absorber.
Thirdly, the train vibration damping device adopts a structural vibration damping thought, utilizes the steel rail dynamic vibration absorber with the phononic crystal structure to isolate vibration in a certain frequency range, has higher comprehensive vibration damping performance, and further reduces the hidden troubles of train operation safety and stability in the traditional vibration damping thought; in addition, the steel rail dynamic vibration absorber with the phononic crystal structure is simple in structure, convenient and flexible to maintain, and rapid and simple to install.
In a word, the invention utilizes the rail dynamic vibration absorber with the phononic crystal structure and the columnar periodic secondary structure, which has simple structure and different thinking from the method of reducing the rigidity of the lower part structure such as an elastic fastener, a floating slab track and the like. The steel rail dynamic vibration absorber is beneficial to the control of vibration and noise reduction of rail transit, high-speed railways and heavy haul railways, promotes the social harmony development, is particularly suitable for urban rail transit, high-speed railways, heavy haul railways and common railways, and can also be used for vibration reduction of other power machines.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic spatial structure diagram of a rail dynamic vibration absorber having a phononic crystal structure of transverse AB-type lamellar cells in example 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is an exploded view of the rail dynamic vibration absorber according to example 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a midspan sectional view of the rail dynamic vibration absorber according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a comparison display of the detailed schematic diagram of the phononic crystal structure layer in embodiment 1 of the present invention, wherein: firstly, a circular truncated cone-shaped columnar filler graph is formed, the columnar filler graph is embedded in the middle of a hole and is a cylinder, and the surface part of the phononic crystal structure layer exposed out is a circular truncated cone; the second is a prismatic columnar filling body diagram, the prismatic filling body diagram is embedded in the middle of the hole and is a prism, and the surface part of the phononic crystal structure layer exposed out is a prism table; and thirdly, the number and the diameter of the layered cellular and the columnar periodic slave structures are adjusted according to the concerned vibration sensitive frequency, and when the vibration absorption to high-frequency vibration is considered and the main size of the phononic crystal structure layer is not changed, the requirements are met by increasing the thickness of the layered cellular, increasing the number of the array columnar periodic slave structures and reducing the diameter of the array columnar periodic slave structures.
Fig. 5 is a schematic spatial structure diagram of the rail dynamic vibration absorber having the phonon crystal structure of the transverse ABC type layered cell in example 2 of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a midspan sectional view of the rail dynamic vibration absorber according to embodiment 2 of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a schematic spatial structure diagram of the rail dynamic vibration absorber having a phononic crystal structure with vertical AB-type lamellar cells in example 3 of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a midspan sectional view of the rail dynamic vibration absorber according to embodiment 3 of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is a schematic view of the continuously installed rail dynamic vibration absorbers in example 1 of the method of use of the present invention.
Fig. 10 is a side view of the rail dynamic vibration absorber according to embodiment 1 of the method of using the present invention.
Fig. 11 is a schematic view of a rail dynamic vibration absorber installed intermittently in embodiment 2 of the method of using the present invention.
Fig. 12 is a side view of the rail dynamic vibration absorber according to embodiment 2 of the method of using the present invention.
FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of the lateral and vertical rail dynamic vibration absorbers of example 3 of the method of use of the present invention.
Fig. 14 is a side view of the steel rail dynamic vibration absorber in example 3 of the method of use of the present invention.
FIG. 15 is a graph of the damping effect of the laboratory test of the present invention.
Reference numerals: the steel rail buffer layer 1, the phononic crystal structure layer 2, the external restraint layer 3, the clamp 4 and the screw 5; the cellular substructure layer material A, B, C, columnar filler D.
Detailed Description
A steel rail dynamic vibration absorber with an embedded phononic crystal structure is composed of a steel rail buffer layer, a phononic crystal structure layer, an external constraint layer and a fixing clamp. The inner side of the steel rail buffer layer is contacted with the steel rail web part, the profile matching is required to be kept, the outer side of the steel rail buffer layer is contacted with the phonon crystal structure layer, and a groove matched with the columnar periodicity from the circular platform end of the structure can be arranged to improve the structural stability; the phononic crystal structure layer can be provided with a multi-period structure consisting of layered cells along the thickness direction or the width direction, and a columnar period slave structure along the other two directions, and can be provided with a lug boss exposed out of the surface, so that the phononic crystal structure layer can be conveniently matched with grooves of a steel rail buffer layer and an external constraint layer, and the purpose of limiting is achieved; the external constraint layer is mainly provided with screw holes for connecting the clamps and can be arranged according to the type of the screws and the number of the clamps which are actually required; the clamp plays a fixed role, and at least two groups or more than two groups of clamps are arranged for fixing one group of steel rail dynamic vibration absorbers.
The shape of the columnar periodic secondary structure can be designed as a cylinder or a prism, as shown in fig. 4. In addition, in order to improve the vibration reduction effect, a material with larger damping can be selected, and the vibration reduction performance of the dynamic vibration absorber can be enhanced from the damping characteristic of the structure through the columnar periodicity in addition to the vibration reduction by utilizing the band gap characteristic of the phononic crystal structure layer.
The upper end and the lower end of the columnar filler are exposed on the upper surface and the lower surface of the phononic crystal structure layer, and the upper end (lower end) of the columnar filler can be exposed on the upper surface (lower surface) of the phononic crystal structure layer, so that different forms of phononic crystal structure layers can be selected according to actual limit requirements during use.
The porosity of the holes in the thickness direction is 5-30%, the diameter is 5-20mm, and the depth is 20-40 mm; the porosity of the width direction hole is 5-30%, the diameter is 5-10mm, and the depth is 60-100 mm.
The surface part of the columnar filler exposed out of the phononic crystal structure layer is a table body, the fault tolerance rate of the table body is higher when the table body is installed, and meanwhile, materials are saved; the diameter of the upper surface of the table body can be 3-10mm, and is preferably 6 mm; the diameter of the lower surface may be 5-20mm, preferably 10 mm; its axial length at the surface of the periodic substructure may be 3-5mm, preferably 3 mm.
The thickness of the sub-structure layers of the layered unit cells should be the same, the single layered unit cell can form a 2-period structure, a 3-period structure or a multi-period structure according to the phononic crystal structure formed by the layered unit cell, and the size and the material of the corresponding sub-structure layers in each layered unit cell should be the same.
The thickness dimension of the periodic substructure of each layer in the lamellar unit cell is designed according to the concerned vibration sensitive frequency band so as to improve the vibration damping effect, and the length and the width of the lamellar unit cell need to ensure that the phononic crystal structure layer does not contact the steel rail and the fastener.
The phononic crystal structure layer is in a cuboid shape, and the thickness of the phononic crystal structure layer is smaller than the length and the width of the phononic crystal structure layer; when the steel rail dynamic vibration absorber is arranged between two adjacent groups of fasteners in a group of 1-3 fasteners in a discontinuous way, the length of the phononic crystal structure layer is 100-400mm, and preferably 200 mm; the width is 60-100mm, preferably 80 mm; the thickness is 20-40mm, preferably 30 mm.
The composition material of the phononic crystal structure layer is selected from one or more of a rigid material and an elastic material, specifically, the rigid material is selected from one or more of an alloy material and a metal material, and the elastic material is selected from one or more of a rubber material and a resin material.
The shape, size and material of the columnar periodic secondary structure are the same, and the columnar periodic secondary structure is periodically arranged at certain equal intervals in the length and/or width direction of the phononic crystal structure layer.
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples.
Example 1:
as shown in fig. 1-3, the rail dynamic vibration absorber with embedded photonic crystal structure of this embodiment is composed of a rail buffer layer 1, a photonic crystal structure layer 2, an external constraint layer 3 and a clamp 4, and the whole structure is fixed by a screw 5. The phononic crystal structure layer 2 is a 3-period structure composed of 3 transverse AB-type cells, the adjacent cellular sub-structure layers are made of different materials, the elastic material A and the rigid material B are made of elastic materials A and rigid materials B respectively, preferably, the elastic material A is a rubber material, and the rigid material B is an alloy material.
The phononic crystal structure layer 2 has a length of 200mm, a width of 80mm and a thickness of 30 mm. The thickness of the transverse AB type cellular layer on the thickness of the steel rail buffer layer is 10mm, the thickness of each layer of the sub-structure layer is 5mm, the material A contacts the external restraint layer 3, and the material B contacts the steel rail buffer layer 1.
3 columnar periodic slave structures D are arranged in the width direction of the phononic crystal structure layer 2, and the distance is 27 mm; 5 columnar periodic slave structures D are arranged in the length direction, and the distance between the columnar periodic slave structures D is 40 mm; and 15 in total. Wherein the porosity of the holes is 7%, the diameter is 10mm, and the depth is 30 mm. The columnar fillers can be respectively arranged into a cylinder or a prism as shown in fig. 4-first and 4-second, the parts of the columnar fillers embedded in the hole are respectively the cylinder and the prism, the parts of the columnar fillers exposed out of the surface of the phononic crystal structure layer are respectively a circular truncated cone or a truncated pyramid, taking the columnar fillers as an example, the diameters of the upper surfaces and the lower surfaces of the truncated cones at the two ends are 6mm, and the axial length of the columnar fillers on the surface of the phononic crystal structure layer 2 is 3 mm.
The lengths and the widths of the steel rail buffer layer 1 and the external constraint layer 3 need to be kept consistent with those of the phononic crystal structure layer, the thicknesses of the steel rail buffer layer and the external constraint layer are 20mm in the embodiment, 15 grooves are arranged on the contact surface of the steel rail buffer layer and the phononic crystal structure layer 2, and the positions and the sizes of the grooves are consistent with those of a table body on the surface of the phononic crystal structure layer 2.
The clamp 4 has a thickness of 10mm and a width of 40 mm.
The screw 5 is an M6 hexagonal self-tapping locking screw with the length of 15 mm.
The thickness of the cellular sub-structure layer in the phononic crystal structure layer 2 and the number and diameter of the columnar periodic sub-structures can be adjusted according to the concerned vibration sensitive frequency to improve the vibration reduction effect, as shown in fig. 4-c.
In the embodiment, the steel rail dynamic vibration absorber is installed in a mode of fixing two groups of fixtures, after all structures are positioned and contact surfaces are attached, holes are punched in the fixture 4 and the external constraint layer 3, and the threads and the lengths of the screws 5 are met. In practical application, a laboratory hammering test, a drop hammer test and a drop shaft test can be adopted to evaluate the damping effect, and the damping effect is shown in fig. 15. In order to verify the effectiveness of the method in line application, a line with the length of about 10m can be selected in a section to be reconstructed for pre-reconstruction, and the reconstruction effect of the method is evaluated by a field test method.
Example 2:
as shown in fig. 5 and 6, the phononic crystal structure layer 2 and the external constraining layer 3 of the present embodiment are adjusted with respect to the embodiment 1, and the other structures are not changed.
The phononic crystal structure layer 2 has a length of 200mm, a width of 80mm and a thickness of 27 mm. The thickness of the transverse ABC type cellular layer on the thickness is 9mm, and the thickness of each layer of the sub-structure layer is 3 mm. The rubber material A and the alloy material B are added with the resin material C. Material a contacts the outer restraint layer 3 and material C contacts the rail buffer layer 1.
Since the thickness of the phononic crystal structure layer 2 is reduced by 3mm compared with that of the phononic crystal structure layer in embodiment 1, the thickness of the external constraint layer needs to be adjusted to be 23mm in order to ensure that the sizes of other structures are not changed. The mounting was carried out in the same manner as in example 1.
Compared with the embodiment 1, the vibration reduction frequency band of the embodiment has lower upper and lower cut-off frequencies, and can be used for vibration reduction and noise reduction modification of railway sections sensitive to lower frequencies. The vibration damping effect and the actual reforming effect were evaluated in the same manner as in example 1.
Example 3:
as shown in fig. 7 and 8, the rail dynamic vibration absorber of the present embodiment is composed of a rail buffer layer 1, a phononic crystal structure layer 2, an external restraint layer 3, and a clamp 4, and the whole structure is fixed by a screw 5. The phononic crystal structure layer 2 is a 3-period structure composed of 3 vertical AB-type cells, the constituent materials of adjacent cell sub-structure layers are different, and the constituent materials are respectively an elastic material A and a rigid material B, preferably, the elastic material A is a rubber material, and the rigid material B is an alloy material.
The phononic crystal structure layer 2 has a length of 200mm, a width of 60mm and a thickness of 40 mm. The thickness of the transverse AB type cellular layer on the width of the steel rail buffer layer is 20mm, the thickness of each layer of the sub-structure layer is 10mm, the material A contacts the external restraint layer 3, and the material B contacts the steel rail buffer layer 1.
1 columnar periodic slave structure D is arranged in the thickness direction of the phononic crystal structure layer 2; 5 columnar periodic slave structures D are arranged in the length direction, and the distance between the columnar periodic slave structures D is 40 mm; and 5 in total. Wherein, the porosity of the hole is 5%, the diameter is 10mm, and the depth is 60 mm. The columnar filler may be configured as a cylinder or a prism as shown in fig. 4, taking a cylinder as an example, the diameter of the upper surface of the stage at both ends of the columnar filler is 6mm, the diameter of the lower surface is 10mm, and the axial length of the columnar filler on the surface of the phononic crystal structure layer 2 is 3 mm.
The length and the width of the contact surface of the steel rail buffer layer 1, the external constraint layer 3 and the phonon crystal structure layer 2 need to be kept consistent with the phonon crystal structure layer, the thickness of the external constraint layer 3 is 10mm in the embodiment, the thickness of the steel rail buffer layer 1 needs to be designed according to installation requirements, 15 grooves are arranged on the contact surface of the steel rail buffer layer 1 and the phonon crystal structure layer 2, and the positions and the sizes of the grooves are consistent with those of a table body on the surface of the phonon crystal structure layer 2. The outer side of the steel rail buffer layer 1 is contacted with the inner side surface and the bottom surface of the phonon crystal structure layer, and the inner side of the steel rail buffer layer is contacted with the steel rail; the inner side of the external restraint layer 3 is contacted with the outer side surface and the top surface of the phononic crystal structure layer, and a clamp is arranged on the outer side.
The clamp 4 has a thickness of 10mm and a width of 40 mm.
The screw 5 is an M6 hexagonal self-tapping locking screw with the length of 15 mm.
The thickness of the cellular sub-structure layer in the phononic crystal structure layer 2 can be adjusted according to the concerned vibration sensitive frequency so as to improve the vibration reduction effect.
In this embodiment, take two sets of anchor clamps fixed mode installation rail dynamic vibration absorber, all structure location and contact surface laminating backs punch on anchor clamps 4 and external restraint layer 3, are different from embodiment 1, and this embodiment need be to external restraint layer 3 top surfaces also the screw restraint for vertical vibration can better decay, and the screw size accords with screw 5 the screw thread and length can. In practical use, this embodiment mainly has great damping effect to rail vertical vibration, and is less to transverse vibration's damping effect.
A vibration-damping steel rail comprising the steel rail dynamic vibration absorber or a use method of the steel rail dynamic vibration absorber with the embedded phononic crystal structure is disclosed, wherein the steel rail dynamic vibration absorber is arranged at the rail web between two groups of fasteners and is fixed by a prefabricated clamp; the fixture is connected with the external constraint layer through self-tapping locking screws to achieve the fixing target, and the basic form is shown in figure 1. The steel rail of the section needing vibration reduction can be replaced or modified in a mode of factory prefabrication or field installation.
The application of the steel rail dynamic vibration absorber is not limited to rail transit, the steel rail dynamic vibration absorber can be put into use in the fields of mechanical equipment, buildings and the like which need vibration reduction measures after the structural size of the steel rail dynamic vibration absorber is slightly adjusted, and particularly has good vibration reduction effect on structures in a beam form. The vibration damping effect and the actual reforming effect were evaluated in the same manner as in example 1.
The method of using the rail dynamic vibration absorber of the present invention is further described below with reference to the following examples.
Method of use example 1:
the embodiment is a continuously installed steel rail dynamic vibration absorber, taking a dynamic vibration absorber with a transverse phononic crystal structure as an example, the dynamic vibration absorber is arranged at the rail web of a steel rail in a section needing vibration reduction and transformation, more than two groups of clamps are used for fixing between two adjacent groups of fasteners, and the size parameters, the material selection and the like of the steel rail dynamic vibration absorber are designed according to the vibration reduction requirement.
The dynamic vibration absorbers shown in fig. 9-10 are 600mm long, just equal to the fastener pitch, and in practice the rail dynamic vibration absorbers will cover the entire vibration damping modified section of the rails, so that the dynamic vibration absorbers need to be sized to prevent them from contacting the elastic strips. The dynamic vibration absorber of the embodiment is longer, so that the parts between the fasteners are fixed by 3 groups of clamps, so that the dynamic vibration absorber is better contacted with the steel rail, and the vibration reduction effect is improved.
The steel rail dynamic vibration absorber corresponding to the embodiment is longer, is suitable for prefabricating the steel rail with the steel rail dynamic vibration absorber in a factory, and is subjected to vibration reduction transformation in a rail replacement mode.
Method of use example 2:
the embodiment is a rail dynamic vibration absorber installed discontinuously, taking a rail dynamic vibration absorber with a transverse phononic crystal structure as an example, arranging more than two groups of dynamic vibration absorbers between two groups of adjacent fasteners of a rail needing vibration reduction and noise reduction transformation, fixing each group of dynamic vibration absorbers by using one to two groups of clamps, designing the size parameters of the rail dynamic vibration absorbers according to vibration reduction requirements, selecting materials and the like.
In fig. 11-12, 3 sets of 100mm long dynamic vibration absorbers are arranged between two sets of fasteners, and each set of dynamic vibration absorbers is fixed by a set of clamps.
The steel rail dynamic vibration absorber corresponding to the embodiment is shorter and is suitable for field installation. The steel rail of the section needing vibration reduction is subjected to field installation and transformation through a rail web buffer layer, a phonon crystal structure layer, an external constraint layer, a clamp and the like of a steel rail dynamic vibration absorber prefabricated in a factory.
Method of use example 3:
the embodiment is a combined type steel rail dynamic vibration absorber installed discontinuously, in a section needing vibration reduction transformation, a steel rail dynamic vibration absorber with a transverse phononic crystal structure and a steel rail dynamic vibration absorber with a vertical phononic crystal structure are arranged on a steel rail between two groups of adjacent fasteners, the steel rail dynamic vibration absorbers can be arranged in the forms of transverse-vertical-transverse, vertical-transverse-vertical and the like, each group of steel rail dynamic vibration absorbers are fixed by one to two groups of clamps, and the size parameters of the steel rail dynamic vibration absorbers are designed according to vibration reduction needs, material selection is carried out, and the like.
In fig. 13-14, vertical-lateral-vertical 3 sets of rail dynamic vibration absorbers are disposed between two sets of fasteners, wherein the rail dynamic vibration absorbers with vertical phononic crystal structure are 100mm long and are fixed using a set of clamps; the rail dynamic vibration absorber with the transverse phononic crystal structure is 150mm long and is fixed by two groups of clamps.
The steel rail dynamic vibration absorber corresponding to the embodiment is shorter and is suitable for field installation. And the combination of the steel rail dynamic vibration absorber with the vertical phononic crystal structure and the steel rail dynamic vibration absorber with the transverse phononic crystal structure can effectively reduce the vibration of the steel rail in the vertical direction and the transverse direction.
In summary, compared with other vibration reduction forms, in the actual application of the steel rail dynamic vibration absorber, the method of continuous installation, intermittent installation and combined installation can be adopted according to the embodiment of the using method; the steel rail dynamic vibration absorber with the embedded photonic crystal structure is simple in structure, has enhancement effects of different mechanisms on vibration reduction performance by utilizing the band gap characteristic of the photonic crystal structure, and is particularly beneficial to vibration reduction and noise reduction control of high-speed railways, general-speed railways, heavy haul railways, urban rail transit and inter-city railways.
The steel rail dynamic vibration absorber with the embedded phononic crystal structure has the following advantages:
(1) the band gap characteristic of the phononic crystal structure layer is utilized to reduce vibration, and the light weight can be realized by reasonably selecting materials;
(2) the structural bandgap has a certain width rather than a single frequency. Therefore, the phononic crystal structure layer can isolate vibration within a certain frequency band range, so that the phononic crystal structure layer has higher comprehensive vibration reduction performance;
(3) the columnar periodicity of the phononic crystal structure in the steel rail dynamic vibration absorber improves the stability of the structure per se from the structure, and the damping material can be selected according to the requirement, so that the vibration reduction performance of the dynamic vibration absorber can be enhanced.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. It will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications to these embodiments may be made, and the generic principles described herein may be applied to other embodiments without the use of the inventive faculty. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described herein, and those skilled in the art should make improvements and modifications to the present invention based on the disclosure of the present invention within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (16)
1. A rail dynamic vibration absorber is provided with at least two groups and more than two groups of clamps for fixing, and is characterized in that the thickness direction of a main body structure comprises three parts: the steel rail buffer layer, the phonon crystal structure layer and the external restraint layer;
the structure comprises a sound crystal structure layer, a plurality of periodic slave structures and a plurality of steel rail buffer layers, wherein the sound crystal structure layer is arranged in the length direction and/or the width direction of the sound crystal structure layer, each periodic slave structure comprises a hole and a columnar filler, the columnar filler is embedded into the hole, a boss is arranged to be exposed out of the surface of the sound crystal structure layer, the inner side of each steel rail buffer layer is in contact with the rail waist part of each steel rail, profiles are required to be matched, the outer side of each steel rail buffer layer is in contact with the sound crystal structure layer and is provided with a groove matched with the columnar periodic slave structure boss to improve the stability of the structure, the external constraint layer is provided with a screw hole for connecting a clamp, and a band gap generated by the sound crystal structure layer can cover the master frequency of various kinds of vibration, so that the vibration of the steel rails is attenuated, the vibration energy transmitted to a structure under the rails and peripheral buildings is further reduced, and related structures are protected.
2. The rail dynamic vibration absorber of claim 1, wherein: the phononic crystal structure layer is a multi-period structure formed by AB type or ABC type layer unit cells along the thickness/width direction, and the materials of adjacent sub-structure layers in the unit cells are different, so that the structure generates band gap characteristics to form a vibration elimination band.
3. The rail dynamic vibration absorber of claim 1, wherein: the periodic secondary structure is represented as columnar filling bodies arranged in an array mode, and the combination form of the periodic secondary structure and the phononic crystal structure layer is a cutting relation.
4. The rail dynamic vibration absorber of claim 1, wherein: the phononic crystal structure layer can generate a band gap within a frequency band range of 50-3000 Hz.
5. The rail dynamic vibration absorber of claim 1, wherein: the porosity of the holes in the thickness direction of the phononic crystal structure layer is 5-30%, the diameter is 5-20mm, and the depth is 20-40 mm; the porosity of the width direction hole is 5-30%, the diameter is 5-10mm, and the depth is 60-100 mm.
6. The rail dynamic vibration absorber of claim 1, wherein: the surface part of the structure periodically exposed from the columnar filler of the structure of the phononic crystal structure layer is a stage body, the diameter of the upper surface of the stage body is 3-10mm, the diameter of the lower surface of the stage body is 10-20mm, and the axial length of the phononic crystal structure layer on the surface of the phononic crystal structure layer is 3-5 mm.
7. The rail dynamic vibration absorber of claim 2, wherein: the thicknesses of the sub-structure layers of the layered unit cells of the phononic crystal structure layer are the same, and a single layered unit cell can form a 2-period structure, a 3-period structure or a multi-period structure according to the phononic crystal structure formed by the single layered unit cell; the size and the material of the corresponding substructure layer in each layer of the structure element are the same.
8. The rail dynamic vibration absorber of claim 2, wherein: the thickness of each layer in the layered cellular of the phononic crystal structure layer is adjusted according to the concerned vibration sensitive frequency so as to improve the vibration damping effect in a targeted manner, and the length and the width of the layered cellular are set to avoid the phononic crystal structure layer from contacting a steel rail and a fastener.
9. The rail dynamic vibration absorber of claim 1, wherein: the phononic crystal structure layer is in a cuboid shape, and the thickness of the phononic crystal structure layer is smaller than the length and the width of the phononic crystal structure layer.
10. The rail dynamic vibration absorber of claim 1, wherein: when the steel rail dynamic vibration absorber is arranged between two adjacent groups of fasteners in a group of 1-3 fasteners in a discontinuous mode, the length of the phononic crystal structure layer is 100-400mm, the width is 60-100mm, and the thickness is 20-40 mm.
11. The rail dynamic vibration absorber of claim 1, wherein: the composition materials of the layered unit cells of the phononic crystal structure layer are selected from more than one of rigid materials and elastic materials.
12. The rail dynamic vibration absorber of claim 11, wherein: the rigid material is selected from more than one of alloy materials and metal materials; steel plate and alloy plate, the elastic material is selected from more than one kind in rubber material and resin material.
13. The rail dynamic vibration absorber of claim 1, wherein: and arranging a columnar periodic slave structure on at least one side of the phononic crystal structure layer.
14. The rail dynamic vibration absorber of claim 13, wherein: the columnar periodic secondary structure is the same in shape, size and material, and is arranged at equal intervals in the length and/or width direction of the phononic crystal structure layer.
15. The rail dynamic vibration absorber of claim 2, wherein: the number and diameter of the layered cells and the columnar periodic slave structures can be adjusted according to the concerned vibration sensitive frequency, for example, when the vibration absorption of high-frequency vibration is considered and the main size of the phononic crystal structure layer is not changed, the requirements can be met by increasing the thickness of the layered cells, increasing the number of the array columnar periodic slave structures and reducing the diameter of the array columnar periodic slave structures, and vice versa.
16. A damped rail comprising the rail dynamic vibration absorber of any one of claims 1 to 15, wherein: the steel rail is provided with the steel rail dynamic vibration absorber, a steel rail buffer layer, a phononic crystal structure layer and an external restraint layer are arranged from inside to outside by taking the steel rail as the inner side, and the structure is fixed at the rail waist between the two groups of fasteners by a prefabricated clamp to form the vibration-absorbing steel rail with the phononic crystal structure which is symmetrical about the cross section of the steel rail.
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| CN112359652B (en) * | 2020-11-02 | 2021-11-05 | 中南大学 | Ballastless track plate structure for realizing broadband vibration reduction based on phononic crystal principle |
| CN112853825B (en) * | 2021-01-13 | 2022-04-26 | 华东交通大学 | Adjustable quasi-periodic damping steel rail |
| CN112900159A (en) * | 2021-01-14 | 2021-06-04 | 浙江大学 | Periodic structure railway track slab based on elastic wave forbidden band theory |
| CN116497643A (en) * | 2022-07-23 | 2023-07-28 | 浙江天铁实业股份有限公司 | Rail vibration isolation system |
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