CN111778441A - Preparation method of ultrahigh-strength and plastic 1045 steel - Google Patents
Preparation method of ultrahigh-strength and plastic 1045 steel Download PDFInfo
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- CN111778441A CN111778441A CN202010655780.9A CN202010655780A CN111778441A CN 111778441 A CN111778441 A CN 111778441A CN 202010655780 A CN202010655780 A CN 202010655780A CN 111778441 A CN111778441 A CN 111778441A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/02—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
- C22C33/0235—Starting from compounds, e.g. oxides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B5/00—General methods of reducing to metals
- C22B5/02—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes
- C22B5/04—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes by aluminium, other metals or silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/02—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
- C22C33/0207—Using a mixture of prealloyed powders or a master alloy
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of 1045 steel preparation. In order to obtain 1045 steel with high strength and plasticity, the invention provides a method for preparing the 1045 steel with ultrahigh strength and plasticity. The preparation method of the ultrahigh-strength and plasticity 1045 steel specifically comprises the following steps: step S1, weighing reaction raw materials; the reaction raw material comprises Fe by mass percent2O3Powder, Al powder, C powder, Si powder, Mn powder, and Fe powder; step S2, mixing the reaction raw materials, and pressurizing the mixed reaction raw materials to obtain a round cake-shaped blank; and step S3, carrying out aluminothermic reaction to prepare 1045 steel cast ingot. And step S4, rolling the obtained 1045 steel ingot at 85% rolling quantity and annealing at 400 ℃ for 1-3 h to obtain the ultrahigh-strength and plastic 1045 steel. The method of the invention can not only prepare the 1045 steel with ultrahigh strength and plasticity, but also reduce the manufacturing costAnd the production efficiency is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of 1045 steel preparation, and particularly relates to a preparation method of ultrahigh-strength and plasticity 1045 steel.
Background
1045 steel has good formability and low price, and is a very common steel material in industrial production. However, the strength is not high due to the low alloy strengthening, which limits the wider application thereof, and thus the steel material is subjected to strengthening treatment such as solid solution strengthening, fine grain strengthening, and strain strengthening in various ways during practical use. Among them, strain strengthening by cold deformation is one of the methods commonly used in industrial production, but the plasticity of the material after cold-rolling deformation is greatly lost, which leads to the great reduction of the plasticity of the material, and also influences and limits the use and popularization of 1045 steel.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to obtain 1045 steel with high strength and plasticity, the invention provides a method for preparing the ultrahigh-strength and plasticity 1045 steel consisting of micro-grain/ultra-fine-grain ferrite, lamellar pearlite, broken cementite particles and precipitated nano cementite particles, which comprises the following steps:
step S1, weighing reaction raw materials; the reaction raw material comprises Fe by mass percent2O355-56% of powder, 18-19% of Al powder, 0.003-0.004% of C powder, 0.002-0.004% of Si powder, 0.004-0.006% of Mn powder and 25-26% of Fe powder;
step S2, mixing the reaction raw materials, and pressurizing the mixed reaction raw materials to obtain a round cake-shaped blank;
step S3, firstly, placing the blank into a combustion synthesis reaction kettle, and placing an ignition agent on the upper surface of the blank; then, filling argon gas of 0.5MPa into the reaction kettle, starting heating, and discharging gas from the reaction kettle when the temperature in the reaction kettle is heated to 200 ℃; then filling 4MPa argon into the reaction kettle again and continuing to heat, and carrying out aluminothermic reaction in the reaction kettle when the temperature in the reaction kettle is heated to 260 ℃; finally, obtaining a 1045 steel ingot after the thermite reaction is finished and the temperature is cooled to the room temperature;
step S4, rolling and annealing the obtained 1045 steel ingot to obtain ultrahigh-strength and plastic 1045 steel; wherein the rolling deformation is 85%, the annealing temperature is 400 ℃, and the annealing time is 1-3 h.
Preferably, in the step S4, the 1045 steel ingot obtained in the step S3 is annealed for 1 h.
Preferably, in the step S2, the reaction raw materials are first mixed by means of a QM-1SP4 planetary ball mill, wherein the rotation speed of the ball mill is set to 150r/min, and the ball-to-material ratio is set to 2: 1, mixing for 8 hours, changing the steering direction of a ball mill every 2 hours to ensure uniform mixing of reaction raw materials, and then placing the uniformly mixed reaction materials on a Y32-100t hydraulic press to press the materials into round cake-shaped blanks.
Preferably, in the step S2, the reaction raw material is green-pressed by using a pressure of 15MPa to 45 MPa.
Preferably, in the step S4, a two-roll hot-cold rolling mill is selected for rolling, the rotation speed of the rolls is 17r/min, the rolling speed is 0.2 to 0.6m/S, and the reduction of each rolling is 5%.
Preferably, in the step S4, the 1045 steel ingot obtained in the step S3 is first subjected to the grinding and smoothing of the upper and lower surfaces, and then to the rolling process.
In the method of the invention, low-cost Fe is selected2O3The 1045 steel is prepared by low-cost and low-energy-consumption aluminothermic reaction, and the 1045 steel is sequentially subjected to rolling treatment with the rolling quantity of 85% and annealing treatment with the annealing temperature of 400 ℃ and the annealing time of 1-3 h to obtain the 1045 steel with ultrahigh strength and plasticity. Therefore, the 1045 steel can be prepared by the method with low cost and low energy consumption, the cost for preparing the 1045 steel with ultrahigh strength and plasticity is reduced, the efficiency for preparing the 1045 steel is improved, the 1045 steel with ultrahigh strength and plasticity is obtained, and the popularization and application of the 1045 steel in different fields are met.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of the process for making an ultra-high strength and ductile 1045 steel of example 1;
FIG. 2 is an SEM scan of a 1045 steel coupon obtained in example 1;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of a portion of area A of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged partial view of the area B in FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a statistical plot of the cementite grain size of the 1045 steel sample obtained in example 1;
FIG. 6 is a fracture SEM scan of a 1045 steel coupon obtained in example 1;
fig. 7 is a SEM scan of the fractures at a further magnification of fig. 6.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1, the specific process for preparing the ultra-high strength and plasticity 1045 steel is as follows:
in step S1, the reaction materials are weighed. According to mass percentage, the reaction raw materialsIncluding Fe2O355.42% of powder, 18.92% of Al powder, 0.0034% of C powder, 0.003% of Si powder, 0.005% of Mn powder and 25.39% of Fe powder.
And step S2, mixing the reaction raw materials, and pressurizing the mixed reaction raw materials to obtain a round cake-shaped blank.
In this example, the reaction raw materials were first subjected to a mixing treatment by means of a QM-1SP4 planetary ball mill. Wherein, the rotating speed of the ball mill is set to 150r/min, the ball-material ratio is set to 2: 1, mixing for 8 hours, and changing the turning direction of the ball mill every 2 hours to ensure the uniform mixing of the reaction raw materials. And then placing the uniformly mixed reaction materials on a Y32-100t hydraulic press, and pressing the reaction raw materials into a round cake-shaped blank body with the diameter of 80mm and the height of about 15-20 mm in a mould under the pressure action of 15-45 MPa.
And step S3, carrying out aluminothermic reaction to prepare 1045 steel ingot.
Firstly, a blank is placed into a combustion synthesis reaction kettle, and 3g of flake ignition agent is placed on the upper surface of the blank. Then, 0.5MPa argon gas is filled into the reaction kettle and heating is started, and when the temperature in the reaction kettle is heated to 200 ℃, the gas in the reaction kettle is discharged. Then, 4MPa argon is filled into the reaction kettle again and heating is continued, when the temperature in the reaction kettle is heated to 260 ℃, the ignition agent is ignited, and the reaction materials are contacted with the ignition agent and reach the combustion temperature instantly, so that aluminothermic reaction is carried out. And finally, obtaining the 1045 steel ingot after the thermite reaction in the reaction kettle is finished and the temperature is cooled to room temperature.
And step S4, rolling and annealing the obtained 1045 steel ingot to obtain a 1045 steel sample numbered 1045-85% -400 ℃ -1 h.
In the rolling process, a two-roller hot and cold rolling mill is selected for rolling, the rotating speed of the roller is 17r/min, the rolling speed is 0.2-0.6 m/s, the rolling reduction of each rolling is 5%, and the accumulated rolling deformation of 85% is finally achieved. In the annealing treatment, an SX-4-10 box type heat treatment furnace is adopted, the annealing temperature is set to be 400 ℃, and the annealing time is 1 h.
Preferably, before the 1045 steel ingot obtained in step S3 is mechanically treated, the upper and lower surfaces thereof are polished and smoothed in advance to remove impurities on the surfaces thereof, thereby ensuring the effectiveness of subsequent mechanical treatment. Meanwhile, the whole cylindrical sample ingot can be cut into a long strip-shaped structure in a wire cutting mode, so that the subsequent rolling treatment operation and the accurate control on the rolling deformation can be conveniently carried out.
Example 2
The preparation of 1045 steel was carried out in the same manner as in example 1 except that, in step S4, the 1045 steel ingot obtained in step S3 was annealed for 2 hours, to obtain 1045 steel specimens numbered 1045-85% -400 ℃ -2 hours.
Example 3
The preparation of 1045 steel was carried out in the same manner as in example 1 except that, in step S4, the time for annealing the 1045 steel ingot obtained in step S3 was 3 hours, and 1045 steel specimens numbered 1045-85% -400 ℃ -3 hours were obtained.
Comparative example 1
The preparation of 1045 steel was carried out in the same manner as in example 1 except that only the surface grinding treatment was carried out on the 1045 steel ingot obtained in step S3 to obtain a 1045 steel sample No. 1045-0-0-0.
Comparative example 2
The preparation of 1045 steel was carried out in the same manner as in example 1 except that in step S4, the 1045 steel ingot obtained in step S3 was subjected only to a treatment of 70% rolling deformation to obtain 1045 steel test pieces numbered 1045-70% -0-0.
Comparative example 3
The 1045 steel was produced in the same manner as in example 1 except that in step S4, the 1045 steel ingot obtained in step S3 was subjected only to a treatment of a rolling deformation amount of 85% to obtain a 1045 steel sample No. 1045-85% -0-0.
Comparative example 4
The preparation of 1045 steel was carried out in the same manner as in example 1 except that, in step S4, the temperature at which the 1045 steel ingot obtained in step S3 was annealed was 300 ℃, to obtain 1045 steel specimens numbered 1045-85% -300 ℃ -1 h.
Comparative example 5
The preparation of 1045 steel was carried out in the same manner as in example 1 except that, in step S4, the temperature at which the 1045 steel ingot obtained in step S3 was annealed was 500 ℃, to obtain 1045 steel specimens numbered 1045-85% -500 ℃ -1 h.
Next, the 1045 steel sample obtained in example 1 was subjected to microstructure analysis, and SEM scanning photographs shown in fig. 2, an enlarged schematic view of a region a in fig. 2 shown in fig. 3, an enlarged schematic view of a region B in fig. 3 shown in fig. 4, a cementite particle size statistical chart shown in fig. 5, and two fracture SEM scanning photographs shown in fig. 6 and 7 were obtained, respectively.
As can be seen from the SEM scanning photograph shown in fig. 2, in the 1045 steel sample prepared in example 1, most of the cementite lamellae remain macroscopically lamellar, with only portions being squeezed, bent or broken, but by enlarging these cementite lamellae, the presence of some cementite particles can be clearly observed in fig. 3. Further, by counting the sizes of the cementite particles in fig. 2, a statistical distribution diagram of the sizes of the cementite particles shown in fig. 5 is obtained, in which the size distribution of most of the cementite particles is about 50nm, and the existence of particles larger than 100nm in individual size is caused by the fracture of the cementite sheet. Meanwhile, as can be clearly observed from fig. 4 obtained by enlarging the area B in fig. 3, lamellar pearlite is dominant in the annealing state at 400 ℃, and nano-cementite particles are embedded in the surface. Still further, by the fracture SEM scanning photographs shown in fig. 6 and 7, a large number of pits formed by nucleation of the broken cementite particles can be observed, and spherical cementite particles can be observed in the partially enlarged picture, and more and finer cementite particles are precipitated after the annealing high-temperature treatment, which in turn serve as nucleation centers to cause more fine pits, and the small pits are aggregated together to be fibrous. Thus, 1045 steel consisting of micro-/ultra-fine grained ferrite, lamellar pearlite, broken cementite particles and precipitated nano-cementite particles was obtained in example 1.
Next, the 1045 steel obtained in examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 5 was subjected to mechanical property analysis including yield strength, tensile strength, elongation, and hardness, respectively, in a room temperature environment, and data as shown in table 1 were obtained.
TABLE 1
As shown in table 1, in comparison with comparative example 1, comparative example 2 and comparative example 3, in the process of preparing 1045 steel by the method of example 1 to example 3, the yield strength, tensile strength, hardness and elongation of 1045 steel ingot prepared by thermite reaction can be greatly improved, but as the rolling amount increases, the elongation begins to decrease, especially when the rolling amount reaches 85%, the elongation decreases to 3.1%, and the elongation in the state of ingot reaches 80.6%, but after the subsequent annealing treatment in example 1 to example 3, not only the yield strength, tensile strength and strength are further improved, but also the elongation is greatly increased, and the effect of comprehensively improving the yield strength, tensile strength, strength and elongation is obtained.
As shown in table 1, compared with examples 2 and 3, by controlling the annealing time to 1h by using the method of example 1, the effects of yield strength, tensile strength and hardness can be further improved to obtain the 1045 steel with ultrahigh strength and plasticity under the condition of ensuring the stable elongation, and the whole preparation time can be effectively shortened, so that the preparation cost is reduced, and the preparation efficiency is improved.
As shown in table 1, compared to comparative examples 4 and 5, the annealing temperature is controlled to 400 ℃ by using the method of example 1, so that the elongation weakened during rolling can be effectively recovered, and the yield strength, tensile strength and hardness are further improved, and the requirements of ultrahigh strength and plasticity of 1045 steel are met.
Claims (6)
1. A preparation method of ultrahigh-strength and plasticity 1045 steel is characterized in that the ultrahigh-strength and plasticity 1045 steel is composed of micro/ultra-fine grain ferrite, lamellar pearlite, broken cementite particles and precipitated nano cementite particles, and the specific preparation process comprises the following steps:
step S1, weighing reaction raw materials; the reaction raw material comprises Fe by mass percent2O355-56% of powder, 18-19% of Al powder, 0.003-0.004% of C powder, 0.002-0.004% of Si powder, 0.004-0.006% of Mn powder and 25-26% of Fe powder;
step S2, mixing the reaction raw materials, and pressurizing the mixed reaction raw materials to obtain a round cake-shaped blank;
step S3, firstly, placing the blank into a combustion synthesis reaction kettle, and placing an ignition agent on the upper surface of the blank; then, filling argon gas of 0.5MPa into the reaction kettle, starting heating, and discharging gas from the reaction kettle when the temperature in the reaction kettle is heated to 200 ℃; then filling 4MPa argon into the reaction kettle again and continuing to heat, and carrying out aluminothermic reaction in the reaction kettle when the temperature in the reaction kettle is heated to 260 ℃; finally, obtaining a 1045 steel ingot after the thermite reaction is finished and the temperature is cooled to the room temperature;
step S4, rolling and annealing the obtained 1045 steel ingot to obtain ultrahigh-strength and plastic 1045 steel; wherein the rolling deformation is 85%, the annealing temperature is 400 ℃, and the annealing time is 1-3 h.
2. The method for producing an ultra-high strength and plasticity 1045 steel according to claim 1, wherein, in step S4, the 1045 steel ingot obtained in step S3 is annealed for 1 h.
3. The method for preparing an ultra-high strength and plasticity 1045 steel according to claim 1, wherein, in the step S2, the reaction raw materials are first mixed by means of QM-1SP4 planetary ball mill, wherein the rotation speed of the ball mill is set to 150r/min, and the ball-to-material ratio is set to 2: 1, mixing for 8 hours, changing the steering direction of a ball mill every 2 hours to ensure uniform mixing of reaction raw materials, and then placing the uniformly mixed reaction materials on a Y32-100t hydraulic press to press the materials into round cake-shaped blanks.
4. The method for preparing an ultra-high strength and plasticity 1045 steel according to claim 1, wherein, in the step S2, the reaction raw materials are subjected to green body pressing by using a pressure of 15MPa to 45 MPa.
5. The method for preparing the ultra-high strength and plasticity 1045 steel according to claim 1, wherein in the step S4, a two-roll hot and cold rolling mill is selected for rolling, the rotating speed of the rolls is 17r/min, the rolling speed is 0.2-0.6 m/S, and the reduction of each rolling is 5%.
6. The method for preparing an ultra-high strength and plasticity 1045 steel according to claim 1, wherein, in the step S4, the 1045 steel ingot obtained in the step S3 is firstly subjected to the grinding and smoothing of the upper and lower surfaces and then to the rolling process.
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1281782A1 (en) * | 2000-04-04 | 2003-02-05 | Nippon Steel Corporation | Hot rolled wire or steel bar for machine structural use capable of dispensing with annealing, and method for producing the same |
| CN102345069A (en) * | 2011-06-16 | 2012-02-08 | 兰州理工大学 | Large block micrometer-grain/nanometer-grain double-phase Fe-Al-Cr material and preparation method thereof |
| CN105002440A (en) * | 2015-07-28 | 2015-10-28 | 兰州理工大学 | Preparation method of nanometer/micro-grain complex-phase high-strength high-plasticity 304 stainless steel sheet |
| CN105063501A (en) * | 2015-07-28 | 2015-11-18 | 兰州理工大学 | Preparing method for nanometer/micrometer grain composite 316L stainless steel |
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2020
- 2020-07-09 CN CN202010655780.9A patent/CN111778441A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1281782A1 (en) * | 2000-04-04 | 2003-02-05 | Nippon Steel Corporation | Hot rolled wire or steel bar for machine structural use capable of dispensing with annealing, and method for producing the same |
| CN102345069A (en) * | 2011-06-16 | 2012-02-08 | 兰州理工大学 | Large block micrometer-grain/nanometer-grain double-phase Fe-Al-Cr material and preparation method thereof |
| CN105002440A (en) * | 2015-07-28 | 2015-10-28 | 兰州理工大学 | Preparation method of nanometer/micro-grain complex-phase high-strength high-plasticity 304 stainless steel sheet |
| CN105063501A (en) * | 2015-07-28 | 2015-11-18 | 兰州理工大学 | Preparing method for nanometer/micrometer grain composite 316L stainless steel |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
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Application publication date: 20201016 |