CN111777736B - Super-hydrophobic powder material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a super-hydrophobic powder material and a preparation method thereof, comprising the following steps: firstly, filling inert gas into a reactor, sequentially adding reactants of isocyanate and hydroxyl silicone oil into tetrahydrofuran, stirring at a certain temperature, and condensing and refluxing in an inert gas atmosphere; stopping heating, slowly adding a tetrahydrofuran solution containing a chain extender and a catalyst mixed after the temperature of the system is cooled, and continuously stirring and reacting in an inert gas atmosphere; and after the reaction is finished, pouring the reaction product into a precipitated phase, performing suction filtration separation, drying the separated substance, grinding and sieving to obtain the super-hydrophobic powder material. The method has the characteristics of simple synthesis steps, safety, high efficiency and easy separation, and the prepared super-hydrophobic material has the characteristics of stable structure and stable performance. The method has low requirements on synthesis equipment, low cost, environmental friendliness and low energy consumption, and is favorable for large-scale industrial production.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a super-hydrophobic powder material and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of chemical and functional materials.
Background
A lot of organisms in the nature have antifouling capacity, and researches find that the surfaces of terrestrial plants and animals have special surface structures, for example, the shark skin has micron-sized grooves to keep the surface of the shark clean; the shell surface has a micro-nano structure, the micro-nano structure on the surfaces of lotus leaves, rice leaves and the like, and special chemical substances secreted by organisms, such as waxy sticky substances, reduce the surface free energy of the shell, and realize self-cleaning. This provides the researcher with inspiration and thinking, i.e. self-cleaning materials mainly relate to two aspects: the surface of the material has a special micro-nano structure; the second is a special chemical substance with low surface area and low surface energy. The super-hydrophobic material has wide application in the fields of self-cleaning, water prevention, pollution prevention and oil-water separation. In recent years, researchers develop technologies such as etching rollover/self-assembly and the like to construct a surface micro-nano structure to realize a super-hydrophobic surface, but the technologies need special equipment and are difficult to apply in a large scale. Therefore, the method for preparing the super-hydrophobic powder with the micro-nano structure directly by a synthesis mode or performing hydrophobic modification with low surface energy on the micro-nano structure or the surface of the powder becomes a necessary choice.
For example, patent CN104672962A discloses a method for producing superhydrophobic powder, which comprises using polymer nanoparticles such as polystyrene/polymethyl acrylate as a template, using hydrosol obtained by hydrolysis of tetraethoxysilane hydrochloric acid as a mother solution, injecting the mother solution into the template to form a gel, then removing polymer microspheres by calcination, grinding the obtained powder, and reacting the ground powder with a silane coupling agent containing hydrophobic groups to obtain superhydrophobic powder with a micro-nano structure and low surface energy group modification. Patent CN108384284A discloses a method for preparing nano-particle hydrogel, heating to dry the nano-particle hydrogel, grinding to obtain dry powder of the rubber powder, reacting the dry powder of the rubber powder with a liquid-phase hydrophobic coupling agent in the presence of a catalyst, and filtering to obtain super-hydrophobic inorganic material powder. If the nano particle hydrogel needs to be cured at 85 ℃ for 24 hours to form the nano particle hydrogel, the drying needs to be carried out at 220 ℃ for 4 hours, and the dry rubber powder dispersoid needs to react with the hydrophobic coupling agent for 18-30 hours.
Therefore, a preparation method which has the characteristics of simple steps, safety, high efficiency, easy separation, low equipment requirement, environmental friendliness, micro-nano structure, hydrophobic group, stable structure, good solvent dispersibility and the like, is carried out at normal temperature and normal pressure and is easy to realize large-scale production is very needed in the technical field of super-hydrophobic materials.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides the preparation method which has the advantages of simple steps, safety, high efficiency, easy separation, low equipment requirement and environmental friendliness, and the prepared super-hydrophobic material has the characteristics of surface micro-nano structure, hydrophobic groups, stable structure, easy dispersion and the like, is carried out at normal temperature and normal pressure, and is easy to realize large-scale production. In addition, the method introduces the micro-nano structure and the hydrophobic group into the super-hydrophobic property of the powder through chemical reaction, so that the powder has stable hydrophobic property, and the super-hydrophobic material prepared by the method can be applied to various fields with hydrophobic requirements.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a preparation method of a super-hydrophobic powder material is prepared by the following steps: firstly, adding reactants of isocyanate, hydroxyl silicone oil and tetrahydrofuran solvent into a reactor with inert gas atmosphere at the same time, and condensing and refluxing; stopping heating after full reaction, slowly adding a tetrahydrofuran solution in which a chain extender and a catalyst are dissolved after the temperature of the system is cooled, and continuously stirring and reacting in an inert gas atmosphere; and after the reaction is finished, pouring the reaction product into a precipitated phase, performing suction filtration separation, drying the separated substance, and grinding to obtain the super-hydrophobic powder material.
Further, the method comprises the following steps:
s1, adding 1-10g of isocyanate, 1-10g of hydroxyl silicone oil and 1-50mL of tetrahydrofuran into a reactor in an inert gas atmosphere, and stirring, condensing and refluxing for reaction for 0.5-5 h;
s2, stopping heating after the solution system in the step S1 is fully mixed, slowly adding a tetrahydrofuran solution in which 0.5-5g of chain extender and 0.1-1g of catalyst are dissolved after the system is cooled to 5-20 ℃, and continuously reacting for 4 hours;
s3, after the reaction in the step S2 is finished, pouring the reaction product into a precipitated phase, carrying out suction filtration and separation, drying the separated substance at 40-100 ℃, grinding and sieving to obtain the super-hydrophobic powder material.
Further, the reaction temperature is 30-90 ℃.
Further, the isocyanate is one or a mixture of more than two of toluene diisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate, diphenylmethane diisocyanate, dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate or lysine diisocyanate.
Further, the chain extender is polyamine or polyalcohol.
Further, the chain extender is one or a mixture of more than two of ethylenediamine, 1, 5-diaminopentane, 1, 2-propanediamine, diethanolamine, ethylene glycol, glycerol or butanediol.
Further, the catalyst is an amine catalyst or an organic metal catalyst.
Further, the catalyst is one or a mixture of more than two of bis-dimethylamino ethyl ether, pentamethyl diethylenetriamine, dimethyl cyclohexylamine, dibutyltin dilaurate or triazine trimerization catalysts.
Further, the precipitated phase is one or more of water, methanol, ethanol, petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, dichloromethane, n-hexane, cyclohexane, etc
The invention also comprises the super-hydrophobic powder material prepared by the steps.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the preparation method of the super-hydrophobic powder material provided by the invention has the following characteristics: the preparation method is simple, the reaction conditions are mild, the reaction steps are simple, the energy consumption is low, and the prepared super-hydrophobic powder has stable performance.
2. The invention provides a super-hydrophobic powder material which comprises the following components in parts by weight: the hydrophobic powder is prepared by chemically reacting isocyanate, hydroxyl silicone oil containing hydroxyl and amino and having a surface area functional group and a chain extender, introducing a functional group with hydrophobic property, and meanwhile, because the functional group with hydrophobic property is introduced, the synthesized super-hydrophobic material is self-assembled under the action of a solvent to form a micro-nano structure. The existing super-hydrophobic material is generally subjected to hydrophobic modification on the surface of the material by a surface modification method, or a micro-nano structure is constructed on the surface of the material by a template method or a metal deposition or etching method, the steps are relatively complicated, and the hydrophobic properties are inconsistent.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a sample diagram of the superhydrophobic powder materials of examples 1-4;
FIG. 2 is a scanning electron microscope image of a super-hydrophobic powder material with different enlarged sizes in example 1;
FIG. 3 is a scanning electron microscope image of a super-hydrophobic powder material of example 2 with different enlarged sizes;
FIG. 4 is a scanning electron microscope image of a super-hydrophobic powder material of example 3 with different enlarged sizes;
FIG. 5 is a scanning electron microscope image of a super-hydrophobic powder material of example 4 with different enlarged sizes;
FIG. 6 is an IR spectrum of the superhydrophobic powder materials of examples 1-4;
FIG. 7 is a contact angle test chart of the superhydrophobic powder materials of examples 1-4.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and the specific embodiments.
Dicyclohexylmethane 4, 4' -diisocyanate (HMDI) >90.0%, Shanghai Aladdin Biotechnology Ltd; hydroxy silicone oil, ethylenediamine, AR, guangzhou chemical reagent factory; 1' 4-butanediol, 99%, Shanghai Allantin Biotechnology Ltd; di-n-butyl tin dilaurate, 95%, Shanghai Allantin Biotechnology Co., Ltd.; tetrahydrofuran, AR, Szegaku corporation; petroleum ether (60-90), AR, Szegaku corporation;
a heat collection type constant temperature heating magnetic stirrer, DF-101S, Chengxihua Instrument, Inc. in Hill; vacuum drying cabinet, DZF-6050, Shanghai Lindun instruments, Inc.; electronic balance, JJ500, double jie test instruments factory, ever-mature city; optical contact angle/surface interfacial tension measuring instrument, DropMeter (TM) Experience A-300, Ningbo Haiemei Technology, Inc.
The first embodiment is as follows:
a super-hydrophobic powder material and a preparation method thereof comprise the following steps:
s1, introducing nitrogen into a three-neck flask, adding 15mL of tetrahydrofuran into the three-neck flask, adding 1.2g of dicyclohexylmethane 4, 4' -diisocyanate and 1.1g of hydroxyl silicone oil, stirring at the temperature of 70 ℃, and carrying out condensation reflux for 1h under the protection of nitrogen;
s2, stopping heating after the reaction system in the step S1 fully reacts, and slowly adding 10 mL of tetrahydrofuran solution dissolved with 0.13g of ethylenediamine and 0.1g of di-n-butyl tin dilaurate after the system is cooled to 20 ℃;
s3, after the reaction in the step S2 is finished, pouring the reaction product into petroleum ether to separate out a super-hydrophobic product, performing suction filtration separation, drying the separated product at 80 ℃, and then grinding to obtain the super-hydrophobic powder material.
Example two:
a super-hydrophobic powder material and a preparation method thereof comprise the following steps:
s1, introducing nitrogen into a three-neck flask, adding 15mL of tetrahydrofuran into the three-neck flask, adding 1.2 dicyclohexylmethane 4, 4' -diisocyanate and 1.1g of hydroxyl silicone oil, stirring at the temperature of 70 ℃, continuously introducing nitrogen into the three-neck flask, and carrying out condensation reflux for 1 h;
s2, stopping heating after the reaction system in the step S1 is fully mixed, and slowly adding a tetrahydrofuran solution mixed by 0.24g of ethylenediamine and 0.1g of pentamethyldiethylenetriamine after the system is cooled to 15 ℃;
s3, after the reaction in the step S2 is finished, pouring the reaction product into petroleum ether to separate out a super-hydrophobic product, performing suction filtration separation, drying the separated product at 100 ℃, grinding and sieving to obtain the super-hydrophobic powder material.
Example three:
a super-hydrophobic powder material and a preparation method thereof comprise the following steps:
s1, introducing nitrogen into a three-neck flask, adding 15mL of tetrahydrofuran into the three-neck flask, adding 1.2 dicyclohexylmethane 4, 4' -diisocyanate and 1.1g of hydroxyl silicone oil, stirring at the temperature of 70 ℃, continuously introducing nitrogen into the three-neck flask, and carrying out condensation reflux for 1 h;
s2, stopping heating after the reaction system in the step S1 is fully mixed, and slowly adding a tetrahydrofuran solution mixed by 0.42g of ethylenediamine and 0.1g of dimethylcyclohexylamine after the system is cooled to 10 ℃;
s3, after the reaction in the step S2 is finished, pouring the reaction product into water to separate out a super-hydrophobic product, performing suction filtration separation, drying the separated product at 70 ℃, grinding and sieving to obtain the super-hydrophobic powder material.
Example four:
a super-hydrophobic powder material and a preparation method thereof comprise the following steps:
s1, introducing nitrogen into a three-neck flask, adding 15mL of tetrahydrofuran into the three-neck flask, adding 1.2g of dicyclohexylmethane 4, 4' -diisocyanate and 1.1g of hydroxyl silicone oil, stirring at the temperature of 70 ℃, continuously introducing nitrogen into the three-neck flask, and carrying out condensation reflux for 1 h;
s2, stopping heating after the reaction system in the step S1 is fully mixed, and slowly adding a tetrahydrofuran solution mixed by 0.4g of 1', 4-butanediol and 0.1g of dibutyltin dilaurate after the system is cooled to 20 ℃;
s3, after the reaction in the step S2 is finished, pouring the reaction product into petroleum ether to separate out a super-hydrophobic product, performing suction filtration separation, drying the separated product at 100 ℃, grinding and sieving to obtain the super-hydrophobic powder material.
The samples of the above examples were tested for performance and characterized.
Fig. 1 is a sample diagram of superhydrophobic powder materials 1,2, 3 and 4 corresponding to example 1, example 2, example 3 and example 4, respectively.
1. Topography characterization
The test method comprises the following steps: and adhering the four groups of samples on an objective table by using conductive adhesives, spraying gold, and then performing scanning analysis by using a scanning electron microscope under different magnification factors, wherein the accelerating voltage of the scanning of the electron microscope is 15 kV.
As can be seen from the scanning electron micrographs of fig. 2 to 5, the hydrophobic powder has a minute pore and a raised structure, and the surface has a certain rough structure, and thus, the powder has superhydrophobic properties because of the silane groups with low surface energy on one hand and the certain rough structure on the other hand.
2. Infrared testing
The test method comprises the following steps: the super-hydrophobic split sample is fully dried and then is ground and uniformly mixed with dried KBr, and infrared spectrum scanning is carried out on the sample by a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (TENSOR 27, BRUKEN company, Germany) by utilizing a KBr tablet method.
In the ir spectrum shown in fig. 6, the characteristic peaks of the ir spectra of 4 samples are very similar. At 3382cm-1A broad peak appears indicating the presence of hydroxyl groups in the product. At 2960cm-1And 2870cm-1The obvious absorption peak is assigned to-CH3The absorption vibration peak of (1); at 1635cm-1And 1261cm-1The obvious absorption peaks appeared here, which are attributed to the absorption vibration peaks of the structures-C = O and-C-O-C-, indicating the reaction of isocyanate groups with hydroxyl groups on the hydroxy silicone oil. At 1023cm-1And 802cm-1The absorption vibration peaks of Si-O and Si-C also indicate that the super-hydrophobic material contains silicon element. No peak of absorption vibration of isocyanate occurred in 4 samples, indicating that the amino group in ethylenediamine and the hydroxyl group in 1, 4-butanediol completely reacted the isocyanate group.
3. Surface contact Angle test
The test method comprises the following steps: the contact angle of the hydrophobic powder material was measured using a contact angle measuring instrument, the volume of the water drop was set to 10. mu.L, the contact angle was measured after the water drop was dropped on the surface of the superhydrophobic powder material for about 60s, and the contact angles were measured and averaged at four points.
The resultant material has superhydrophobic properties as shown in the surface contact angle diagram of fig. 7. Wherein the static contact angles of the super-hydrophobic powder material synthesized by using ethylenediamine and 1, 4-butanediol as chain extenders are all larger than 150 degrees.
Claims (8)
1. The preparation method of the super-hydrophobic powder material is characterized by comprising the following steps: firstly, adding reactants of isocyanate and hydroxyl silicone oil into a tetrahydrofuran solvent, heating and stirring, simultaneously adding into a reactor with inert gas atmosphere, and condensing and refluxing; stopping heating after fully mixing, slowly adding a tetrahydrofuran solution mixed by a chain extender and a catalyst after the temperature of the system is cooled, and continuously stirring and reacting in an inert gas atmosphere; after the reaction is finished, pouring the reaction product into a precipitated phase, performing suction filtration separation, drying a separated substance, and grinding to obtain a super-hydrophobic powder material;
the method comprises the following specific steps:
s1, adding 1-10g of isocyanate, 1-10g of hydroxyl silicone oil and 1-50mL of tetrahydrofuran into a reactor protected by inert gas atmosphere, stirring, condensing, refluxing and reacting for 0.5-5 h;
s2, stopping heating after the solution system in the step S1 fully reacts, slowly adding 1-50mL of tetrahydrofuran solution dissolved with 0.5-5g of chain extender and 0.1-1g of catalyst after the system is cooled to 5-20 ℃, and continuing to react for 4 hours;
s3, after the reaction in the step S2 is finished, pouring the reaction product into a precipitated phase, carrying out suction filtration and separation, drying the separated substance at 40-100 ℃, grinding and sieving to obtain a super-hydrophobic powder material;
the reaction temperature of the step S1 and the reaction temperature of the step S2 are both 30-90 ℃.
2. The method for preparing the superhydrophobic powder material of claim 1, wherein: the isocyanate is one or a mixture of more than two of toluene diisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate, diphenylmethane diisocyanate, dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate or lysine diisocyanate.
3. The method for preparing the superhydrophobic powder material of claim 1, wherein: the chain extender is polyamine or polyalcohol.
4. The method for preparing the superhydrophobic powder material of claim 3, wherein: the chain extender is one or a mixture of more than two of ethylenediamine, 1, 5-diaminopentane, 1, 2-propanediamine, diethanolamine, ethylene glycol, glycerol or butanediol.
5. The method for preparing the superhydrophobic powder material of claim 1, wherein: the catalyst is an amine catalyst or an organic metal catalyst.
6. The method for preparing the superhydrophobic powder material of claim 5, wherein: the catalyst is one or a mixture of more than two of bis-dimethylamino ethyl ether, pentamethyl diethylenetriamine, dimethyl cyclohexylamine, dibutyltin dilaurate or triazine trimerization catalysts.
7. The method for preparing the superhydrophobic powder material of claim 6, wherein: the precipitated phase is one or more of water, methanol, ethanol, petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, dichloromethane, n-hexane, cyclohexane, etc.
8. A superhydrophobic powder material prepared by the method of any one of claims 1-7.
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| WO2016090368A1 (en) * | 2014-12-05 | 2016-06-09 | Velox Flow, Llc | Multifunctional superhydrophobic particles for chemical adhesion and blooming |
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| CN102091583A (en) * | 2010-12-17 | 2011-06-15 | 湖南大学 | Preparation method for cauliflower-shaped super-hydrophobic active grains and application thereof |
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