CN111775511B - 一种一体化复合填充点阵夹层构成的弹体结构 - Google Patents

一种一体化复合填充点阵夹层构成的弹体结构 Download PDF

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CN111775511B
CN111775511B CN202010541317.1A CN202010541317A CN111775511B CN 111775511 B CN111775511 B CN 111775511B CN 202010541317 A CN202010541317 A CN 202010541317A CN 111775511 B CN111775511 B CN 111775511B
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袁武
宋宏伟
王江涛
马特
黄晨光
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Abstract

本发明提供一种一体化复合填充点阵夹层构成的弹体结构,包括:外壳体,为圆柱形空心直管;内壳体,为圆柱形空心直管,且套在外壳体内;点阵柱壳,由点阵结构形成的空心圆柱形夹层,且安装在外壳体和内壳体之间;填充材料,根据弹体不同的功能需求填充在点阵柱壳内的材料;涂层,利用不同材料涂覆在外壳体的表面,满足弹体不同场景下的环境适应性要求。本发明将具高比刚度、比强度的轻质点阵柱壳作为弹体主承力结构,可有效降低结构重量;根据不同的服役环境,在点阵柱壳内填充轻质多功能材料,同时在外壳体表面喷涂匹配的功能涂层,通过不同的组合形式可提高弹体结构的环境适应性。

Description

一种一体化复合填充点阵夹层构成的弹体结构
技术领域
本发明涉及军事领域,特别涉及一种能够提高激光防护性能及承载能力的一体化复合填充点阵夹层构成的弹体结构。
背景技术
随着武器装备的升级换代,弹体结构服役过程中经常要面临高能激光武器、高能微波武器、高速碎片冲击等威胁,从而对结构的多功能性提出了严峻的挑战。
然而,现有弹体主承力结构往往采用单层加筋壳体,承载能力较弱,且结构形式与功能单一,可设计性不强。
发明内容
本文发明的目的是提供一种能够提高激光防护性能及承载能力的一体化复合填充点阵夹层构成的弹体结构。
具体地,本发明提供一种一体化复合填充点阵夹层构成的弹体结构,包括:
外壳体,为圆柱形空心直管;
内壳体,为圆柱形空心直管,且套在外壳体内;
点阵柱壳,由点阵结构形成的空心圆柱形立体夹层,且安装在外壳体和内壳体之间;
填充材料,根据弹体不同的抵抗要求填充在点阵柱壳内的材料;
涂层,利用不同材料涂覆在外壳体的表面,满足弹体不同情况下的抗性要求。
在本发明的一个实施方式中,所述点阵柱壳为采用高温合金材料GH625、不锈钢材料、铝合金材料或碳纤维复合材料制成的金字塔型点阵结构。
在本发明的一个实施方式中,所述填充材料包括隔热型材料和烧蚀型材料。
在本发明的一个实施方式中,所述隔热型材料为液态的多孔陶瓷填充至点阵柱壳内固化后形成。
在本发明的一个实施方式中,所述烧蚀型材料由碳颗粒和硅树脂材料混合而成,密度为1.0g/cm3,其中碳颗粒的质量占比为40%。
在本发明的一个实施方式中,所述涂层包括用于防范高能连续激光辐照的铝反射涂层。
在本发明的一个实施方式中,所述外壳体的直径大于0.5米,长度大于0.5米。
在本发明的一个实施方式中,所述点阵柱壳与所述填充材料之间通过弹性模量的匹配,进而提高点阵柱壳的抗轴压屈曲与内压强度。
在本发明的一个实施方式中,所述匹配过程如下:首先获取点阵柱壳的弹性模量Ec和剪切模量Gc
Figure BDA0002538960300000021
Figure BDA0002538960300000022
其中Es为母材弹性模量;
在点阵柱壳内填充填充材料后的剪切模量与弹性模量通过下式计算:
Figure BDA0002538960300000031
Figure BDA0002538960300000032
单位面积夹层柱壳临界屈曲载荷表示为:
Figure BDA0002538960300000033
其中υ为材料泊松比,c1为边界条件和芯层构型的控制参数,
后续数值和实验中夹层柱壳结构几何参数由下述公式给出:
λ=[12(1-ν2)]1/4{R1/[(R2w)1/2]} (6)
根据夹层结构面板和芯层应变变形协调关系,夹层柱壳的轴压临界失效载荷表示为:
Figure BDA0002538960300000034
由此可以确定,填充材料能够提升夹层柱壳的弹性模量,从而提高临界屈曲载荷。
本发明通过具有高比刚度、比强度的点阵夹层结构作为承载单元,以外部喷涂吸波涂层、反射涂层等来实现隐身、抗激光等功能;通过开孔点阵夹芯内部填充烧蚀型、隔热型填充材料提升隔热、抗冲击等性能。本项目提出的一体化弹体结构技术可以在提升承载性能的前提下更加适应复杂的服役环境,因此在实际工程中具有重要的应用价值。
本发明将具高比刚度、比强度的轻质点阵夹层柱壳结构作为弹体主承力结构,可有效降低结构重量;根据不同的服役环境,可以在开孔形式点阵夹芯填充轻质多功能材料、外表面喷涂功能涂层,利用不同的组合形式提高弹体结构的环境适应性。
将反射型涂层作用在弹体结构表面,将多孔烧蚀型材料填充在开孔点阵夹芯内部,可大幅度提升真实服役环境下弹体结构的高能激光防护性能。
将隐身涂层作用在弹体结构表面,将多孔烧蚀型材料填充在开孔点阵夹芯内部,使得复合填充弹体结构可以同时实现隐身与抗激光性能。
通过匹配填充材料与点阵夹层柱壳结构力学性能参数,可以在不显著提升重量前提下有效提升结构的承载能力。
附图说明
图1是本发明一个实施方式的弹体结构示意图;
图2是本发明一个实施方式的弹体纵向剖视图;
图3是本发明一个实施方式的填充材料填充后的状态示意图;
图4本发明一个实施方式的弹体立体示意图;
图5是本发明一个实施方式的点阵柱壳与等厚度单层壳半径与临界特征屈曲载荷变化示意图;
图6是本发明一个实施方式中局部热损伤轴压临界屈曲载荷的影响示意图;
图7是本发明一个实施方式中高超声速来流下复合填充夹层结构的激光防护性能示意图。
具体实施方式
以下通过具体实施例和附图对本方案的具体结构和实施过程进行详细说明。
如图1、2、4所示,在本发明的一个实施方式中公开一种一体化复合填充点阵夹层构成的弹体结构,包括外壳体1、内壳体2、点阵柱壳3、填充材料4及涂层5。
外壳体1和内壳体2分别为圆柱形空心直管,且内壳体2套在外壳体1内,内壳体2的内部则用于安装弹体100的其它材料。本实施方式中的外壳体1直径大于0.5米,长度大于0.5米,内壳体2的尺寸根据实际弹体100情况确定。
点阵柱壳3由点阵结构形成的空心圆柱形立体夹层,且安装在外壳体1和内壳体2之间;点阵柱壳3的结构可以是金字塔型等常见的框架结构围的一个空心圆柱形,而构成点阵柱壳3的材料则可以采用高温合金材料GH625、不锈钢材料、铝合金材料或碳纤维复合材料,不同的材料针对不同的防范要求。
如图3所示,填充材料4用于填充在点阵柱壳3内的空隙中,形成一个由点阵柱壳3作为内部支架的实体,不同的填充材料4可以针对不同的弹体100抵抗要求,一般填充材料4可分为隔热型材料和烧蚀型材料,其中,隔热型材料可以为液态的多孔陶瓷,多孔陶瓷灌入点阵柱壳3内,经过一定时间的静置或是加温即可固化;烧蚀型材料可以由碳颗粒和硅树脂材料混合而成,密度为1.0g/cm3左右,其中碳颗粒的质量占比为40%。
涂层5可根据弹体100不同情况下的抗性要求,选择相应的材料涂覆在外壳体1的表面。如可以采用防范激光照射的由金属铝制成的铝反射涂层,将多孔烧蚀型材料填充在点阵柱壳3内部,可大幅度提升真实服役环境下弹体结构的高能激光防护性能。而将隐身涂层作用在弹体结构表面,将多孔烧蚀型材料填充在点阵柱壳3内部,复合填充弹体结构可以同时实现隐身与抗激光性能。
本实施方式将具高比刚度、比强度的轻质点阵柱壳作为弹体主承力结构,可有效降低结构重量;根据不同的服役环境,在点阵柱壳内填充轻质多功能材料,同时在外壳体表面喷涂匹配的功能涂层,通过不同的组合形式可提高弹体结构的环境适应性。通过匹配填充材料与点阵柱壳结构力学性能参数,可以在不显著提升重量前提下有效提升结构的承载能力。
在本发明的一个实施方式中,通过匹配填充材料的弹性模量与点阵柱壳的弹性模量关系,可提升点阵柱壳3结构的抗轴压屈曲与内压屈曲强度。
对于点阵柱壳3,其芯层部分的力学性能与芯层相对密度相关。弹性模量Ec和剪切模量Gc,是芯层部分力学性能重要的表征参数,即:
Figure BDA0002538960300000061
Figure BDA0002538960300000062
其中Es为母材弹性模量;
填充材料以后的剪切模量与弹性模量分别可以表示为:
Figure BDA0002538960300000063
Figure BDA0002538960300000064
当点阵柱壳3壳体壁面和点阵芯层节点连接较为薄弱时,点阵柱壳3发生壳体整体屈曲失效模式。由Stein非线性屈曲变形理论,单位面积夹层壳临界屈曲载荷可以表示为,
Figure BDA0002538960300000065
其中υ为材料泊松比,本实施方式的泊松比取0.3。由于弹体100的外壳体1半径大于内壳体2半径,因此外壳体1先于内壳体2发生整体屈曲模式。式中c1为边界条件和芯层构型的控制参数。对于二维isogrid格栅芯层夹层结构,NASA设计手册中给出了该系数一般建议取值为3.47;对于二维蜂窝芯层夹层构型,取值范围在2.25–9之间,对于二维Kagome构型的芯层夹层圆柱壳,c1取值为10.2。本实施方式采用的是金字塔型点阵柱壳3结构,c1取值为1.85。
后续数值和实验中点阵柱壳3结构几何参数由下述公式给出:
λ=[12(1-ν2)]1/4{R1/[(R2w)1/2]} (6)
根据夹层结构面板和芯层应变变形协调关系,点阵柱壳3的轴压临界失效载荷表示为,
Figure BDA0002538960300000071
由公式(3)、(4)、(7)可以看出,有了填充材料4以后会提升点阵柱壳3夹芯弹性模量,从而进一步提高临界屈曲载荷。然而,增大填充材料4的相对密度会增加结构重量,因此,需要协调好结构重量与模量之间的关系,在不显著增加结构重量的前提下提升结构承载能力。
以下以具体实施例对本发明的方案作进一步说明:
本方案的承载性能:如图5所示,其中给出了不同几何参数下点阵柱壳3与等厚度单层壳的临界特征屈曲载荷变化对比,可以看出,当半径较小时,传统单层壳结构承载能力大于点阵柱壳3结构。随着外壳体1半径的增加,单层圆柱壳临界屈曲载荷快速下降。随着半径的增加,点阵柱壳3临界屈曲载荷下降幅度相比于单层小,这是由于点阵芯杆的约束作用,在芯杆节点的约束下,夹层壳发生面板局部屈曲,约束载荷取决于节点围成的区域。当外壳体1半径增加,完好的夹层壳的承载能力将优于等厚度单层壳结构,因此本实施方式将外壳体1的直径限制在大于0.5米,长度大于0.5米的范围。由于一般弹体结构半径都大于80mm,在此基础上,点阵柱壳的结构都要强于单层圆柱壳结构,所以将点阵夹层圆柱壳结构应用在弹体结构可显著提升结构效率,降低结构重量。
本方案的激光损伤敏感性:如图6所示,为给定温度条件下,高能激光辐照引起的局部热损伤区域尺寸,对点阵柱壳3和等厚度单层壳轴压临界屈曲载荷随着损伤区域的变化。为了方便比较,这里选用完好点阵柱壳3结构常温下的临界屈曲载荷,和将不同热损伤区域下的柱壳临界屈曲载荷进行归一化处理,横热损伤区域尺寸采用无量纲局部损伤半径"r"。可以看出,相同的激光损伤条件下,点阵柱壳3的剩余承载能力要远高于实心壳结构。
关于本方案的高能激光防护性能:如图7所示,弹体结构在服役过程中结构表面的高速来流,会对结构激光防护性能产生显著的影响。因此,研究高速来流条件下结构抗激光加固机理更加具有工程意义。本实施方式通过风洞实验获得了高超声速来流条件、填充材料类型等相关载荷与材料参数对结构激光破坏效应的影响规律。结果表明,相同质量下轻质烧蚀型材料填充点阵柱壳3结构抗激光,其加固能力远远高于传统的单层结构。高超声速来流条件为6.0,激光功率分别为1000W和2000W条件下,由轻质烧蚀型材料填充点阵柱壳结构烧蚀形貌与中心线轮廓可以看出,即使是来激光辐照4s,点阵柱壳3结构的背表面只是引起了可以忽略的微小损伤。因此,采用轻质烧蚀型材料填充点阵柱壳3可以显著提升结构抗激光强度,延缓结构破坏时间。
至此,本领域技术人员应认识到,虽然本文已详尽示出和描述了本发明的多个示例性实施例,但是,在不脱离本发明精神和范围的情况下,仍可根据本发明公开的内容直接确定或推导出符合本发明原理的许多其他变型或修改。因此,本发明的范围应被理解和认定为覆盖了所有这些其他变型或修改。

Claims (7)

1.一种一体化复合填充点阵夹层构成的弹体结构,其特征在于,包括:
外壳体,为圆柱形空心直管;
内壳体,为圆柱形空心直管,且套在外壳体内;
点阵柱壳,由点阵结构形成的空心圆柱形立体夹层,且安装在外壳体和内壳体之间;
填充材料,根据弹体不同的抵抗要求填充在点阵柱壳内的材料;
涂层,利用不同材料涂覆在外壳体的表面,满足弹体不同情况下的抗性要求:
所述点阵柱壳与所述填充材料之间通过弹性模量的匹配,进而提高点阵柱壳的抗轴压屈曲与内压强度;
所述匹配过程如下:首先获取点阵柱壳的弹性模量Ec和剪切模量Gc
Figure FDA0002927715750000011
Figure FDA0002927715750000012
其中Es为母材弹性模量,θ为芯杆与节点处法线之间的夹角,
Figure FDA0002927715750000016
为点阵结构的相对密度;
在点阵柱壳内填充填充材料后的剪切模量与弹性模量通过下式计算:
Figure FDA0002927715750000013
Figure FDA0002927715750000014
其中,t为正方形点阵杆件的边长,tc为夹层壳夹芯的厚度,Ef为填充材料的弹性模量;
单位面积夹层柱壳临界屈曲载荷表示为:
Figure FDA0002927715750000015
其中υ为材料泊松比,c1为边界条件和芯层构型的控制参数,w为内外壳的厚度;
后续数值和实验中夹层柱壳结构几何参数由下述公式给出:
λ=[12(1-ν2)]1/4{R1/[(R2w)1/2]} (6)
其中,R1、R2为内外层面板曲率半径,根据夹层结构面板和芯层应变变形协调关系,夹层柱壳的轴压临界失效载荷表示为:
Figure FDA0002927715750000021
由此可以确定,填充材料能够提升夹层柱壳的弹性模量,从而提高临界屈曲载荷。
2.根据权利要求1所述的弹体结构,其特征在于,
所述点阵柱壳为采用高温合金材料GH625、不锈钢材料、铝合金材料或碳纤维复合材料制成的金字塔型点阵结构。
3.根据权利要求1所述的弹体结构,其特征在于,
所述填充材料包括隔热型材料和烧蚀型材料。
4.根据权利要求3所述的弹体结构,其特征在于,
所述隔热型材料为液态的多孔陶瓷填充至点阵柱壳内固化后形成。
5.根据权利要求3所述的弹体结构,其特征在于,
所述烧蚀型材料由碳颗粒和硅树脂材料混合而成,密度为1.0g/cm3,其中碳颗粒的质量占比为40%。
6.根据权利要求1所述的弹体结构,其特征在于,
所述涂层包括用于防范高能连续激光辐照的铝反射涂层。
7.根据权利要求1所述的弹体结构,其特征在于,
所述外壳体的直径大于0.5米,长度大于0.5米。
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