CN111774720B - Method for deep processing of metal material by laser - Google Patents

Method for deep processing of metal material by laser Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111774720B
CN111774720B CN202010733033.2A CN202010733033A CN111774720B CN 111774720 B CN111774720 B CN 111774720B CN 202010733033 A CN202010733033 A CN 202010733033A CN 111774720 B CN111774720 B CN 111774720B
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metal material
processing
laser
information
processed
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CN111774720A (en
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黄朝文
杨江
万明攀
徐平伟
杨明
李伟
赵飞
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Guizhou University
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Guizhou University
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/0093Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring combined with mechanical machining or metal-working covered by other subclasses than B23K
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/36Removing material
    • B23K26/362Laser etching
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/60Preliminary treatment
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/70Auxiliary operations or equipment
    • B23K26/702Auxiliary equipment
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23PMETAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
    • B23P17/00Metal-working operations, not covered by a single other subclass or another group in this subclass

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Laser Beam Processing (AREA)

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of metal material processing, and discloses a method for deeply processing a metal material by laser, which determines position information and size information of the metal material through image recognition, calculates an offset value of a workpiece, and controls a machine tool to move to a laser head zero point for processing; starting a laser machine to carry out etching treatment for removing a surface oxide layer and primary heat treatment on the surface of the metal material moved to the preset position; determining the processing parameters and the corresponding shape of the metal material, and cutting out the maximum outline of the shape required by the metal material by using a milling machine; based on the determined processing parameters and the corresponding shape of the metal material, a positioning system is utilized to position the processing position of the metal material; and performing metal material processing. The invention can be used for various metals or composite materials, has wide application range, and can be precisely positioned and processed without causing excessive processing and generating excessive dust; the process parameters can be adjusted in real time, and the method can be suitable for various scenes.

Description

Method for deep processing of metal material by laser
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of metal material processing, and particularly relates to a method for deeply processing a metal material by laser.
Background
At present: in industrial applications, it is common to use metal materials as the housing and internal structural parts of equipment and products. In the processing procedure, a certain depth requirement is often processed on the stainless steel and aluminum alloy shell. The product is positioned and embedded in the next procedure by deep processing, so that the appearance design requirement of the product is met, and the effect of beautifying the product layout is achieved. Polishing and grinding are generally adopted at present, so that the surface of the plate is smooth and clean without rust and oil stains, and for deep processing, the method is mainly carried out by adopting chemical corrosion or large numerical control processing equipment, and the equipment power is higher; larger dust is generated, and the subsequent treatment is more complicated; the usage amount and the cost of the grinding materials are high; the noise is large; over-machining is likely to occur.
Through the above analysis, the problems and defects of the prior art are as follows:
the existing metal material processing method has higher equipment power; larger dust is generated, and the subsequent treatment is more complicated; the usage amount and the cost of the grinding materials are high; the noise is large; over-machining is likely to occur.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a method for deeply processing a metal material by laser.
The invention is realized in such a way that a method for deeply processing a metal material by laser comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps that firstly, a metal material to be processed is placed on a processing machine tool, a CCD camera is used for collecting image information of the metal material clamped on the processing machine tool, the image information is identified, and position information and size information of the metal material are determined;
secondly, transmitting image information acquired by the CCD camera to an industrial personal computer, comparing the image information with a set workpiece product parameter template by the industrial personal computer, and calculating the deviation value of the workpiece;
feeding back the deviation value processed by the industrial personal computer to the numerical control system and controlling the machine tool to move to the zero point of the laser head for processing;
starting a laser machine to carry out etching treatment for removing the surface oxide layer on the surface of the metal material moved to the preset position, and removing the surface oxide layer;
and step five, naturally cooling the metal material after the etching treatment is finished, and performing primary heat treatment on the metal material after the metal material is cooled for 1 hour.
Step six, determining the processing parameters and the corresponding shape of the metal material, and cutting out the maximum outline of the shape required by the metal material by using a milling machine;
and seventhly, positioning the machining position of the cut metal material by using a positioning system based on the determined machining parameters and the corresponding shape of the metal material, and machining the metal material.
Further, in the first step, a specific method for determining the position information of the metal material includes:
s11, acquiring an image containing a positioning reference object on the processing machine tool through the CCD camera;
s12, preprocessing the image acquired in the step S11, and identifying the positioning reference object in the image through image recognition;
s13, determining the position coordinate information of the positioning reference object according to the parameter information of the positioning reference object stored in advance;
and S14, determining the direction and the angle of the metal material relative to the zero point coordinate according to the collected and stored image information of the positioning reference object.
Further, in the first step, a specific method for determining the size information of the metal material includes:
s21, acquiring image information of a measuring tool and a metal material in the image acquired by the CCD camera, wherein the measuring tool is fixed on the edge of the processing machine tool;
s22, obtaining a first boundary frame of the measuring tool and a second boundary frame of the metal material according to the image information;
s23, calculating the number of pixel points in a first preset area in the first boundary frame to obtain a first number;
s24, calculating the number of pixel points in a second preset area in the second boundary frame to obtain a second number;
and S25, calculating the size information of the metal material according to the scale information, the first quantity and the second quantity of the measuring tool in the first preset area.
Further, in step five, the heat treatment method for the metal material comprises the following steps:
(1) drying the metal material;
(2) instantly heating the dried metal material to the temperature of 750-;
(3) heating the metal material to 900-950 ℃ by using a vacuum heating furnace, and preserving heat for 3 hours;
(4) and (5) cooling.
Further, in the step (3), the vacuum degree in the vacuum heating furnace is 20-25 KPa.
Further, in step six, the cutting method of the metal material includes:
1) adjusting the power of the milling machine, collecting laser beams in the cutting head to the surface of the metal material, blowing 3MPa of auxiliary gas, providing negative pressure smaller than atmospheric pressure on the lower surface of the metal material, and moving the cutting head at the speed of 800 mm/min;
2) when the laser cutting track reaches a corner, the laser cutting power is kept unchanged, the moving speed output of the cutting head is 0, and the cutting head stays for a certain time;
3) after the pause delay is finished, the moving speed of the cutting head is adjusted to the value in the step 1) until the cutting head moves out of the corner;
4) and after the corner is moved out, the power of the laser cutting machine is lifted to 500W, negative pressure smaller than atmospheric pressure is provided on the lower surface of the metal material, and the cutting head is moved at the speed of 1500 mm/min.
Further, in step 2), the cutting head residence time is 0.5 s.
Further, in the seventh step, the method for positioning the machining position of the cut metal material includes:
firstly, establishing a two-dimensional plane coordinate system of a metal material to be processed;
secondly, acquiring the current position information of the laser equipment, the ID of the equipment to be processed, the specification and dimension information and preset processing position information;
thirdly, calibrating and adjusting the positioning device according to the coordinate system and the specification and the size of the metal material to be processed;
fourthly, acquiring image information of the metal material to be processed by using a positioning device;
and fifthly, controlling the laser equipment to move to the specified position based on the planar coordinate system of the metal material to be processed, the image information of the positioning device, the preset processing position information and the current position information of the laser equipment.
Further, in the fifth step, the controlling the laser device to move to the designated position based on the planar coordinate system of the metal material to be processed, the image information of the positioning device, the preset processing position information, and the current position information of the laser device includes:
(5.1) processing the plane coordinate system of the metal material to be processed, the image information of the positioning device, the preset processing position information and the current position information of the laser equipment, determining the accurate position relation between the metal material to be processed and the laser equipment, and simultaneously calculating the adjustment parameters of the position of the laser equipment;
(5.2) adjusting the posture of the laser equipment according to the calculated position adjustment parameters of the laser equipment;
(5.3) repeating step (5.2) until the laser device reaches a predetermined position.
Further, in the seventh step, the metal material processing method includes:
firstly, determining laser processing parameters, determining the number of processing layers of a metal material, and formulating a processing scheme corresponding to each processing layer;
and secondly, performing laser processing layer by layer in the metal material processing area according to the set processing scheme.
Further, the metal material processing method further includes: in the processing process, the focal length of the laser is dynamically adjusted, the light spots are kept focused at each processing position, and the focal spots are uniform and consistent.
By combining all the technical schemes, the invention has the advantages and positive effects that:
according to the invention, the metal material image collected by the CCD camera is identified, so that the position and size information of the metal material can be accurately determined, the metal material can be accurately positioned, the laser processing precision is ensured, and the processing position deviation is avoided.
The invention can be used for various metals or composite materials, has wide application range, and can accurately position and process without causing excessive processing or generating excessive dust; the process parameters can be adjusted in real time, and the method can be suitable for various scenes.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments of the present application will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained from the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method for deep processing of a metal material by using a laser according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a flow chart of a method for heat-treating a metal material according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a flowchart of a method for cutting a metal material according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a flowchart of a method for determining a machining position of a metal material according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a flowchart of a method for processing a metal material according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
In view of the problems in the prior art, the present invention provides a method for deep processing of metal material by laser, and the present invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, a method for deep processing a metal material by using laser provided by an embodiment of the present invention includes:
s101, placing a metal material to be processed on a processing machine tool, collecting image information of the metal material clamped on the processing machine tool by using a CCD (charge coupled device) camera, identifying the image information, and determining position information and size information of the metal material;
s102, transmitting image information acquired by the CCD camera to an industrial personal computer, comparing the image information with a set workpiece product parameter template by the industrial personal computer, and calculating an offset value of a workpiece;
s103, feeding back the deviation value processed by the industrial personal computer to the numerical control system and controlling the machine tool to move to the zero point of the laser head for processing;
s104, starting a laser machine to perform etching treatment for removing a surface oxide layer on the surface of the metal material moved to the preset position, and removing the surface oxide layer;
s105, naturally cooling the metal material after the etching treatment is finished, and performing primary heat treatment on the metal material after the metal material is cooled for 1 hour;
s106, determining the processing parameters and the corresponding shape of the metal material, and cutting out the maximum outline of the shape required by the metal material by using a milling machine;
and S107, positioning the machining position of the cut metal material by using a positioning system based on the determined machining parameters and the corresponding shape of the metal material, and machining the metal material.
As shown in fig. 2, in step S105, the method for heat-treating a metal material according to the embodiment of the present invention includes:
s201, drying the metal material;
s202, instantly heating the dried metal material to 750-800 ℃ by adopting a laser flame jet heater, and preserving heat for 15 minutes;
s203, heating the metal material to 900-950 ℃ by using a vacuum heating furnace, and preserving heat for 3 hours;
and S204, cooling.
In step S203, the vacuum degree in the vacuum heating furnace provided by the embodiment of the present invention is 20 to 25 KPa.
As shown in fig. 3, in step S106, the method for cutting a metal material according to the embodiment of the present invention includes:
s301, adjusting the power of the milling machine, collecting laser beams in the cutting head to the surface of the metal material, blowing 3MPa of auxiliary gas, providing negative pressure smaller than atmospheric pressure on the lower surface of the metal material, and moving the cutting head at the speed of 800 mm/min;
s302, when the laser cutting track reaches a corner, the laser cutting power is kept unchanged, the moving speed output of the cutting head is 0, and the cutting head stays for a period of time;
s303, after the pause delay is finished, adjusting the moving speed of the cutting head to the value in the step S301 until the cutting head moves out of the corner;
s304, after the cutting head is moved out of the corner, the power of the laser cutting machine is increased to 500W, negative pressure smaller than atmospheric pressure is provided on the lower surface of the metal material, and the cutting head is moved at the speed of 1500 mm/min.
In step S302, the retention time of the cutting head provided by the embodiment of the present invention is 0.5S.
As shown in fig. 4, in step S107, the method for determining a machining position of a metal material according to an embodiment of the present invention includes:
s401, establishing a two-dimensional plane coordinate system of a metal material to be processed;
s402, acquiring the current position information of the laser equipment, the ID of the equipment to be processed, the specification and dimension information and the preset processing position information,
s403, calibrating and adjusting the positioning device according to the coordinate system and the specification and the size of the metal material to be processed;
s404, acquiring image information of the metal material to be processed by using a positioning device;
s405, controlling the laser equipment to move to a specified position based on the planar coordinate system of the metal material to be processed, the image information of the positioning device, preset processing position information and the current position information of the laser equipment.
In step S405, the controlling the laser device to move to the designated position based on the planar coordinate system of the metal material to be processed, the image information of the positioning device, the preset processing position information, and the current position information of the laser device according to the embodiment of the present invention includes:
(5.1) processing the plane coordinate system of the metal material to be processed, the image information of the positioning device, the preset processing position information and the current position information of the laser equipment, determining the accurate position relation between the metal material to be processed and the laser equipment, and simultaneously calculating the adjustment parameters of the position of the laser equipment;
(5.2) adjusting the posture of the laser equipment according to the calculated position adjustment parameters of the laser equipment;
(5.3) repeating step (5.2) until the laser device reaches a predetermined position.
As shown in fig. 5, in step S107, the method for processing a metal material according to the embodiment of the present invention includes:
s501, determining laser processing parameters, determining the number of metal material processing layers, and formulating a processing scheme corresponding to each processing layer;
and S502, performing laser processing layer by layer in the metal material processing area according to the set processing scheme.
The metal material processing method provided by the embodiment of the invention further comprises the following steps: in the processing process, the focal length of the laser is dynamically adjusted, the light spots are kept focused at each processing position, and the focal spots are uniform and consistent.
In step S101, a specific method for determining the position information of the metal material includes:
s11, acquiring an image containing a positioning reference object on the processing machine tool through the CCD camera;
s12, preprocessing the image acquired in the step S11, and identifying the positioning reference object in the image through image recognition;
s13, determining the position coordinate information of the positioning reference object according to the parameter information of the positioning reference object stored in advance;
and S14, determining the direction and the angle of the metal material relative to the zero point coordinate according to the collected and stored image information of the positioning reference object.
In step S101, a specific method of determining the size information of the metal material includes:
s21, acquiring image information of a measuring tool and a metal material in the image acquired by the CCD camera, wherein the measuring tool is fixed on the edge of the processing machine tool;
s22, obtaining a first boundary frame of the measuring tool and a second boundary frame of the metal material according to the image information;
s23, calculating the number of pixel points in a first preset area in the first boundary frame to obtain a first number;
s24, calculating the number of pixel points in a second preset area in the second boundary frame to obtain a second number;
and S25, calculating the size information of the metal material according to the scale information, the first quantity and the second quantity of the measuring tool in the first preset area.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention disclosed herein, which is within the spirit and principle of the present invention, should be covered by the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. A method for carrying out deep processing on a metal material by laser is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps that firstly, a metal material to be processed is placed on a processing machine tool, a CCD camera is used for collecting image information of the metal material clamped on the processing machine tool, the image information is identified, and position information and size information of the metal material are determined;
secondly, transmitting image information acquired by the CCD camera to an industrial personal computer, comparing the image information with a set workpiece product parameter template by the industrial personal computer, and calculating the deviation value of the workpiece;
feeding back the deviation value processed by the industrial personal computer to the numerical control system and controlling the machine tool to move to the zero point of the laser head for processing;
starting a laser machine to carry out etching treatment for removing the surface oxide layer on the surface of the metal material moved to the preset position, and removing the surface oxide layer;
step five, naturally cooling the metal material after the etching treatment is finished, and performing primary heat treatment on the metal material after the metal material is cooled for 1 hour;
step six, determining the processing parameters and the corresponding shape of the metal material, and cutting out the maximum outline of the shape required by the metal material by using a milling machine;
the cutting method of the metal material comprises the following steps:
1) adjusting the power of the milling machine, collecting laser beams in the cutting head to the surface of the metal material, blowing 3MPa of auxiliary gas, providing negative pressure smaller than atmospheric pressure on the lower surface of the metal material, and moving the cutting head at the speed of 800 mm/min;
2) when the laser cutting track reaches a corner, the laser cutting power is kept unchanged, the moving speed output of the cutting head is 0, and the cutting head stays for a period of time;
3) after the pause delay is finished, the moving speed of the cutting head is adjusted to the value in the step 1) until the cutting head moves out of the corner;
4) after the corner is moved out, the power of the laser cutting machine is increased to 500W, negative pressure smaller than atmospheric pressure is provided on the lower surface of the metal material, and the cutting head is moved at the speed of 1500 mm/min;
seventhly, positioning the machining position of the cut metal material by using a positioning system based on the determined machining parameters and the corresponding shape of the metal material, and machining the metal material;
in the first step, the specific method for determining the position information of the metal material comprises the following steps:
s11, acquiring an image containing a positioning reference object on the processing machine tool through the CCD camera;
s12, preprocessing the image acquired in the step S11, and identifying the positioning reference object in the image through image recognition;
s13, determining the position coordinate information of the positioning reference object according to the parameter information of the positioning reference object stored in advance;
s14, determining the direction and the angle of the metal material relative to the zero point coordinate according to the collected and stored image information of the positioning reference object;
in the first step, the specific method for determining the size information of the metal material comprises the following steps:
s21, acquiring image information of a measuring tool and a metal material in the image acquired by the CCD camera, wherein the measuring tool is fixed on the edge of the processing machine tool;
s22, obtaining a first boundary frame of the measuring tool and a second boundary frame of the metal material according to the image information;
s23, calculating the number of pixel points in a first preset area in the first boundary frame to obtain a first number;
s24, calculating the number of pixel points in a second preset area in the second boundary frame to obtain a second number;
s25, calculating size information of the metal material according to the scale information, the first quantity and the second quantity of the measuring tools in the first preset area;
in the fifth step, the preliminary heat treatment method of the metal material comprises the following steps:
(1) drying the metal material;
(2) instantly heating the dried metal material to the temperature of 750-;
(3) heating the metal material to 900-950 ℃ by using a vacuum heating furnace, and preserving heat for 3 hours;
(4) and (5) cooling.
2. The method for deep processing of metal material by laser according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the vacuum degree in the vacuum heating furnace is 20-25 KPa.
3. The method for deep processing of metal material by laser in claim 1, wherein in step 2), the residence time of the cutting head is 0.5 s.
4. The method for deep processing of metal material by laser according to claim 1, wherein in step seven, the method for positioning the processing position of the cut metal material comprises:
firstly, establishing a two-dimensional plane coordinate system of a metal material to be processed;
secondly, acquiring the current position information of the laser equipment, the ID of the equipment to be processed, the specification and dimension information and preset processing position information;
thirdly, calibrating and adjusting the positioning device according to the coordinate system and the specification and the size of the metal material to be processed;
fourthly, acquiring image information of the metal material to be processed by using a positioning device;
and fifthly, controlling the laser equipment to move to the specified position based on the planar coordinate system of the metal material to be processed, the image information of the positioning device, the preset processing position information and the current position information of the laser equipment.
5. The method for deep processing of metal material by laser according to claim 4, wherein in the fifth step, the controlling the laser device to move to the specified position based on the planar coordinate system of the metal material to be processed, the image information of the positioning device, the preset processing position information and the current position information of the laser device comprises:
(5.1) processing the plane coordinate system of the metal material to be processed, the image information of the positioning device, the preset processing position information and the current position information of the laser equipment, determining the accurate position relation between the metal material to be processed and the laser equipment, and simultaneously calculating the adjustment parameters of the position of the laser equipment;
(5.2) adjusting the posture of the laser equipment according to the calculated position adjustment parameters of the laser equipment;
(5.3) repeating step (5.2) until the laser device reaches a predetermined position.
6. The method for deep processing of metal material by laser according to claim 1, wherein in step seven, the method for processing metal material comprises:
firstly, determining laser processing parameters, determining the number of processing layers of a metal material, and formulating a processing scheme corresponding to each processing layer;
and secondly, performing laser processing layer by layer in the metal material processing area according to the set processing scheme.
7. The method for laser deep processing of a metal material according to claim 6, wherein the method for laser deep processing of a metal material further comprises: in the processing process, the focal length of the laser is dynamically adjusted, the light spots are kept focused at each processing position, and the focal spots are uniform and consistent.
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