CN111774035A - Preparation method of modified corncob biomass charcoal-based heavy metal adsorbent - Google Patents

Preparation method of modified corncob biomass charcoal-based heavy metal adsorbent Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111774035A
CN111774035A CN202010615097.2A CN202010615097A CN111774035A CN 111774035 A CN111774035 A CN 111774035A CN 202010615097 A CN202010615097 A CN 202010615097A CN 111774035 A CN111774035 A CN 111774035A
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China
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corncobs
biomass charcoal
heavy metal
corncob biomass
hours
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Inventor
林海
董颖博
周炳
贺银海
占幼鸿
李冰
罗明科
张聪慧
黄健勋
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University of Science and Technology Beijing USTB
Jiangxi Copper Corp
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University of Science and Technology Beijing USTB
Jiangxi Copper Corp
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/02Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
    • B01J20/04Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising compounds of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals or magnesium
    • B01J20/041Oxides or hydroxides
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/02Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
    • B01J20/20Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising free carbon; comprising carbon obtained by carbonising processes
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/22Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising organic material
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/28Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
    • C02F1/288Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using composite sorbents, e.g. coated, impregnated, multi-layered
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2101/00Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/10Inorganic compounds
    • C02F2101/20Heavy metals or heavy metal compounds

Abstract

The invention provides a preparation method of a modified corncob biomass charcoal-based heavy metal adsorbent, and belongs to the technical field of environmental protection. Crushing and screening dry corncobs by using a crusher, then placing the crushed dry corncobs in a tubular muffle furnace, pyrolyzing the dried corncobs for 2 to 4 hours at a constant temperature at the temperature of 250 to 400 ℃ in a sealed oxygen-limited manner, sealing the furnace for natural cooling, taking out the dried corncobs, sealing, drying and storing the obtained product to obtain corncob biomass charcoal, then putting the corncob biomass charcoal in a stirring reactor, stirring and adding 100mL of mixed solution of caustic soda and urea, and reacting the obtained product for 10 to 15 minutes at room temperature; adding 1.6-2.4 ml of acrylonitrile, reacting at room temperature for 3-6 hours, filtering, and drying the obtained filter residue to constant weight to obtain the modified corncob biomass carbon-based heavy metal adsorbing material. The preparation method has the advantages of simple process, easy condition, low production cost and good adsorption effect on heavy metals such as Cd and Pb, and the waste corncobs are used as raw materials.

Description

Preparation method of modified corncob biomass charcoal-based heavy metal adsorbent
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of environmental protection, in particular to a preparation method of a modified corncob biomass charcoal-based heavy metal adsorbent.
Background
Heavy metal pollution in the environment not only causes serious influence on water, farmland and crops, but also directly damages the health of people. Heavy metal lead and cadmium pollution is from mining and smelting of metal mines, chemical industry production, chemical fertilizer and pesticide spraying, sewage irrigation, sludge leaching and the like, wherein non-ferrous metal mining and selection, waste gas sedimentation in smelting industry, agricultural sewage irrigation and solid waste corrosion and diffusion of waste residues are main ways of heavy metal pollution; and the heavy metal content in the soil and water around the mining area is relatively high, which causes great influence on the surrounding environment. Heavy metals cannot be timely treated, and the continuous accumulation of a food chain greatly threatens the ecological environment, the human health and even the life safety. Therefore, the control of heavy metals in the environment becomes irresistible.
The method for treating heavy metal sewage mainly comprises coagulation, chemical precipitation, solvent extraction, ion exchange, electrolysis, adsorption, membrane separation, electrodialysis and the like. Although the traditional treatment methods such as coagulation, chemical precipitation, solvent extraction and the like are mature and simple in process, the problems of high cost, incomplete treatment, generation of toxic sludge, secondary pollution and the like exist, and the heavy metal sewage treatment methods such as ion exchange, electrolytic membrane separation, electrodialysis and the like have the problems of high energy consumption, high equipment investment cost and the like. The adsorption method is the most effective method for recovering trace heavy metals in sewage, and has the advantages of wide application range, good treatment effect, capability of recovering useful heavy metals, reusability of an adsorption material and the like. In recent years, biomass materials attract extensive attention due to the advantages of strong selective adsorption on low-concentration heavy metals, wide sources, easy degradation, low cost and the like.
Corncobs are agricultural wastes with rich yield in China, and are hot spots for research because the corncobs are wide in source, low in price, easy to degrade by microorganisms, free of pollution to the environment, capable of treating wastes by using wastes and the like. However, the natural corncobs have few active functional groups on the surfaces and limited adsorption capacity, so that the advanced treatment of the sewage containing heavy metals cannot be met. Therefore, it is necessary to modify it to improve the adsorption performance of heavy metals.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a preparation method of a modified corncob biomass charcoal-based heavy metal adsorbent, which simplifies the preparation process of the modified corncob biomass charcoal-based heavy metal adsorbent, reduces the cost and improves the adsorption performance of the modified corncob biomass charcoal-based heavy metal adsorbent on heavy metal ions.
Crushing and screening dry corncobs by using a crusher, then putting the dried corncobs into a tubular muffle furnace for constant-temperature pyrolysis for 2-4 hours, sealing the furnace for natural cooling, taking out the corncobs, sealing, drying and storing the obtained product to obtain corncob biomass charcoal, putting the corncob biomass charcoal into a stirring reactor, stirring and adding a mixed solution of caustic soda and urea, and reacting at room temperature for 10-15 min; adding acrylonitrile, reacting at room temperature for 3-6 hours, then filtering, and drying the obtained filter residue to constant weight to obtain the modified corncob biomass carbon-based heavy metal adsorbing material.
The method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) crushing and screening the corncobs for pretreatment;
(2) placing the pretreated corncobs in a tubular muffle furnace, under the condition of oxygen isolation, reaching the pyrolysis temperature of 250-400 ℃ at a speed of 14-16 ℃/min, keeping the temperature for 2-4 hours at a constant temperature, naturally cooling in the furnace, taking out, sealing, drying and storing to obtain the corncob biomass charcoal;
(3) taking corncob biomass charcoal into a stirring reactor, stirring and adding a mixed solution of 2-4.0 g/L caustic soda and 10-15 g/L urea at the rotating speed of 100-200 rpm, stirring and reacting for 10-15 min at room temperature, then adding acrylonitrile, carrying out oscillation reaction for 3-6 hours at room temperature, and filtering;
(4) and (4) drying the filter residue obtained in the step (3) at the temperature of 60-90 ℃ for 6-10 hours in vacuum until the weight is constant, so as to obtain the dried modified corncob biomass charcoal-based heavy metal adsorbent.
Wherein the mass-to-volume ratio of the corncob biomass charcoal to the mixed solution in the step (3) is 1: 8-1: 12(g/mL), and the mass-to-volume ratio of the corncob biomass charcoal to acrylonitrile is 1: 0.16-1: 0.24 (g/mL).
The corncobs are crushed to-40 meshes, and the crushed corncobs account for more than 90 percent in the step (1).
The technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the corn biomass charcoal, the sodium hydroxide and the urea mixed solution are mixed at room temperature, and are not required to be cooled to below 0 ℃ in the mixing process, the modified corn cob biomass charcoal-based heavy metal adsorbent obtained by the preparation method has a good adsorption effect on heavy metal ions, and can be used for treating heavy metal-containing sewage. The adsorbent has the advantages of easily available raw materials, low cost, simple process and excellent heavy metal adsorption performance.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantages to be solved by the present invention clearer, the following detailed description is given with reference to specific embodiments.
The invention provides a preparation method of a modified corncob biomass charcoal-based heavy metal adsorbent.
Crushing and screening dry corncobs by using a crusher, then putting the dried corncobs into a tubular muffle furnace for constant-temperature pyrolysis for 2-4 hours, sealing the furnace for natural cooling, taking out the corncobs, sealing, drying and storing the obtained product to obtain corncob biomass charcoal, putting the corncob biomass charcoal into a stirring reactor, stirring and adding a mixed solution of caustic soda and urea, and reacting at room temperature for 10-15 min; adding acrylonitrile, reacting at room temperature for 3-6 hours, then filtering, and drying the obtained filter residue to constant weight to obtain the modified corncob biomass carbon-based heavy metal adsorbing material.
The method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) crushing and screening the corncobs for pretreatment;
(2) placing the pretreated corncobs in a tubular muffle furnace, sealing and limiting oxygen, reaching the pyrolysis temperature of 250-400 ℃ at a speed of 14-16 ℃/min, keeping the temperature for 2-4 hours at a constant temperature, naturally cooling in the furnace, taking out, sealing, drying and storing to obtain the corncob biomass charcoal;
(3) taking corncob biomass charcoal into a stirring reactor, stirring and adding a mixed solution of 2-4.0 g/L caustic soda and 10-15 g/L urea at the rotating speed of 100-200 rpm, stirring and reacting for 10-15 min at room temperature, then adding acrylonitrile, carrying out oscillation reaction for 3-6 hours at room temperature, and filtering;
(4) and (4) drying the filter residue obtained in the step (3) at the temperature of 60-90 ℃ for 6-10 hours in vacuum until the weight is constant, so as to obtain the dried modified corncob biomass charcoal-based heavy metal adsorbent.
The corn cob is prepared by threshing corn cobs.
The "heavy metal ions" in the present application include, but are not limited to, cationic heavy metals of lead ions, cadmium ions.
In the preparation method, when the corncob biomass charcoal is mixed with the mixed solution of sodium hydroxide and urea, the mixing is carried out at room temperature without a pre-cooling process, and the use amounts of the adopted treatment reagents, namely the sodium hydroxide, the urea and the acrylonitrile, are greatly reduced. The modified corncob biomass charcoal-based heavy metal adsorbent prepared by the preparation method. Good adsorption effect on heavy metal ions and good adsorption capacity. Particularly has good adsorption effect on heavy metals Pb and Cd, has the adsorption capacity of 260mg/g for Pb ions and 86mg/g for Cd ions, and can be effectively used for the advanced treatment of heavy metal-containing sewage. The method achieves the aim of gradually carbonizing by controlling the heating rate of the crushed corncobs.
In the pyrolysis process of the crushed corncobs, in order to control the carbonization quality of the corncobs, the oxygen content of the heating environment of the crushed corncobs is preferably controlled to be zero or close to zero in the heating process, so that the complete carbonization is ensured and the yield of the corncob biochar is improved.
The following description will be given with reference to specific examples and comparative examples.
Example 1
(1) Crushing the dried corncobs by a crusher, sieving the crushed corncobs by a 40-mesh sieve, and putting the sieved corncobs into a vacuum drier for later use;
(2) placing the pretreated corncobs in a tubular muffle furnace, sealing and limiting oxygen, reaching a pyrolysis temperature of 300 ℃ at a speed of 15 ℃/min, keeping the temperature at a constant temperature for 2 hours, naturally cooling in the furnace, taking out, then placing in a sealing bag, and then placing in a dryer for storage to obtain the corncob biomass charcoal;
(3) taking 10g of the corncob biomass charcoal obtained in the step (2) to a 250mL stirring reactor, stirring and adding 100mL of a mixed solution of 2.5g/L caustic soda and 12g/L urea at the rotating speed of 160rpm, and stirring and reacting for 15min at room temperature; then adding 1.6mL of acrylonitrile, stirring and reacting for 4.5 hours at room temperature, and filtering;
(4) and (4) drying the filter residue obtained in the step (3) at 60 ℃ for 8 hours in vacuum until the weight is constant, thus obtaining the dried modified corncob biomass charcoal-based heavy metal adsorbent.
Taking 0.1g of modified corncob biomass charcoal-based heavy metal adsorbent, adding 100mLPb2+、Cd2+Stirring and adsorbing the mixture for 0.5 hour in the sewage with the concentration of 60mg/L at room temperature, and testing the residual Pb in the sewage by adopting ICP-MS (inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry)2+、Cd2+Concentration to obtain Pb2+、Cd2+The removal rate is up to more than 99%.
Example 2
(1) Crushing the dried corncobs by a crusher, sieving the crushed corncobs by a 40-mesh sieve, and putting the sieved corncobs into a vacuum drier for later use;
(2) placing the pretreated corncobs in a tubular muffle furnace, keeping the temperature constant for 2 hours under the conditions of sealing, oxygen limitation and 300 ℃, naturally cooling in the furnace, taking out the corncobs, filling the corncobs into a sealing bag, and then placing the corncobs in a dryer for storage to obtain corncob biomass charcoal;
(3) taking 8g of the corncob biomass charcoal obtained in the step (2) to a 250mL stirring reactor, stirring and adding 100mL of a mixed solution of 2.5g/L caustic soda and 12g/L urea at the rotating speed of 160rpm, and stirring and reacting for 15min at room temperature; then adding 1.8mL of acrylonitrile, stirring and reacting for 4.5 hours at room temperature, and filtering;
(4) and (4) drying the filter residue obtained in the step (3) at 60 ℃ for 8 hours in vacuum until the weight is constant, thus obtaining the dried modified corncob biomass charcoal-based heavy metal adsorbent.
Taking 0.1g of modified corncob biomass charcoal-based heavy metal adsorbent, and adding 100ml of Pb2+、Cd2+Stirring and adsorbing the mixture for 0.5 hour in the sewage with the concentration of 60mg/L at room temperature, and testing the residual Pb in the sewage by adopting ICP-MS (inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry)2+、Cd2+Concentration to obtain Pb2+、Cd2+The removal rate was 99.1% and 98.2%.
Example 3
(1) Crushing the dried corncobs by a crusher, sieving the crushed corncobs by a 40-mesh sieve, and putting the sieved corncobs into a vacuum drier for later use;
(2) placing the pretreated corncobs in a tubular muffle furnace, keeping the temperature constant for 2 hours at 400 ℃ in a sealed nitrogen atmosphere, naturally cooling the corncobs in the furnace, taking out the corncobs, filling the corncobs into a sealing bag, and then placing the corncobs in a dryer for storage to obtain corncob biomass charcoal;
(3) taking 10g of the corncob biomass charcoal obtained in the step (2) to a 250mL stirring reactor, stirring and adding 100mL of a mixed solution of 2.5g/L caustic soda and 10g/L urea at the rotating speed of 160rpm, and stirring and reacting for 15min at room temperature; then adding 2.0mL of acrylonitrile, stirring and reacting for 4.5 hours at room temperature, and filtering;
(4) and (4) drying the filter residue obtained in the step (3) at 80 ℃ for 8 hours in vacuum until the weight is constant, thus obtaining the dried modified corncob biomass charcoal-based heavy metal adsorbent.
Taking 0.1g of modified corncob biomass charcoal-based heavy metal adsorbent, adding 100mLPb2+、Cd2+Stirring and sucking the sewage with the concentration of 60mg/L at room temperatureAdding 0.5 hour, and testing the residual Pb in the sewage by adopting ICP-MS2+、Cd2+Concentration to obtain Pb2+、Cd2+The removal rate was 99.3% and 98.6%.
Comparative example
(1) Crushing the dried corncobs by a crusher, sieving by a 40-mesh sieve, placing the corncobs in a drying oven at 60 ℃ for drying to constant weight, and then putting the dried corncobs into a vacuum drier for later use;
(2) placing the pretreated corncobs in a tubular muffle furnace, keeping the temperature for 2 hours at a constant temperature under the conditions of sealing, oxygen limitation and 350 ℃, naturally cooling, and then sealing and storing in a sealing bag to obtain the corncob biomass charcoal;
(3) adding 100mL of deionized water, 4.5g of caustic soda and 15g of urea into a 250mL conical flask, uniformly mixing, shaking, freezing into a refrigerator (the temperature is-5 to-20 ℃) for 30min, adding 6g of the corncob biomass charcoal obtained in the step (2) into the 250mL conical flask, and violently oscillating and reacting for 15min at room temperature; then adding 2.4mL of acrylonitrile, oscillating for reaction for 6 hours, and filtering;
(4) and (4) washing the filter residue obtained in the step (3) with deionized water to be neutral, and drying the filter residue at 60 ℃ in vacuum to constant weight to obtain the dried modified corncob biomass carbon-based heavy metal adsorbent.
Taking 0.1g of modified corncob biomass charcoal-based heavy metal adsorbent, adding 100mLPb2+、Cd2+Stirring and adsorbing the wastewater with the concentration of 60mg/L at room temperature, and testing the residual Pb in the wastewater by adopting ICP-MS (inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry)2+、Cd2+Concentration to give Pb adsorbed at 0.5 hour2+、Cd2+The removal rate is 74.26 percent and 38.65 percent; adsorption for 2 hours, Pb2+、Cd2+The removal rates were 98.6% and 67.0%.
The above specific embodiments further demonstrate: the modified corncob biomass charcoal-based heavy metal adsorbent is simple and convenient in preparation process, high in yield and high in efficiency of removing pollution of sewage containing heavy metals Pb and Cd.
While the foregoing is directed to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.

Claims (4)

1. A preparation method of a modified corncob biomass charcoal-based heavy metal adsorbent is characterized by comprising the following steps: firstly, crushing and screening dry corncobs by using a crusher, then placing the dried corncobs in a tubular muffle furnace for constant-temperature pyrolysis for 2-4 hours, sealing and naturally cooling the furnace, taking out the corncobs, sealing, drying and storing the corncobs to prepare corncob biomass charcoal, then placing the corncob biomass charcoal in a stirring reactor, stirring and adding a mixed solution of caustic soda and urea, and reacting for 10-15 min at room temperature; and adding acrylonitrile, reacting at room temperature for 3-6 hours, filtering, and drying the obtained filter residue to constant weight to obtain the modified corncob biomass carbon-based heavy metal adsorbing material.
2. The preparation method of the modified corncob biomass charcoal-based heavy metal adsorbent according to claim 1, characterized in that: the method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) crushing and screening the corncobs for pretreatment;
(2) placing the pretreated corncobs in a tubular muffle furnace, under the condition of oxygen isolation, reaching the pyrolysis temperature of 250-400 ℃ at a speed of 14-16 ℃/min, keeping the temperature for 2-4 hours at a constant temperature, naturally cooling in the furnace, taking out, sealing, drying and storing to obtain the corncob biomass charcoal;
(3) taking corncob biomass charcoal into a stirring reactor, stirring and adding a mixed solution of 2-4.0 g/L caustic soda and 10-15 g/L urea at the rotating speed of 100-200 rpm, stirring and reacting for 10-15 min at room temperature, then adding acrylonitrile, carrying out oscillation reaction for 3-6 hours at room temperature, and filtering;
(4) and (4) drying the filter residue obtained in the step (3) at the temperature of 60-90 ℃ for 6-10 hours in vacuum until the weight is constant, so as to obtain the dried modified corncob biomass charcoal-based heavy metal adsorbent.
3. The preparation method of the modified corncob biomass charcoal-based heavy metal adsorbent according to claim 2, characterized in that: in the step (3), the mass-to-volume ratio of the corncob biomass charcoal to the mixed solution is 1: 8-1: 12 in g/mL, and the mass-to-volume ratio of the corncob biomass charcoal to acrylonitrile is 1: 0.16-1: 0.24 in g/mL.
4. The preparation method of the modified corncob biomass charcoal-based heavy metal adsorbent according to claim 2, characterized in that: the corncobs are crushed to-40 meshes, and the crushed corncobs account for more than 90%.
CN202010615097.2A 2020-06-30 2020-06-30 Preparation method of modified corncob biomass charcoal-based heavy metal adsorbent Pending CN111774035A (en)

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Cited By (1)

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Application publication date: 20201016