CN1117702C - 一种从海水中采集淡水的方法及装置 - Google Patents

一种从海水中采集淡水的方法及装置 Download PDF

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CN1117702C
CN1117702C CN01107705A CN01107705A CN1117702C CN 1117702 C CN1117702 C CN 1117702C CN 01107705 A CN01107705 A CN 01107705A CN 01107705 A CN01107705 A CN 01107705A CN 1117702 C CN1117702 C CN 1117702C
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fresh water
seawater
cryophorus
energy
pipe
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CN1300716A (zh
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孙康宁
尹衍升
张景德
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Shandong University
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Shandong University
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/124—Water desalination
    • Y02A20/138—Water desalination using renewable energy
    • Y02A20/141—Wind power
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/20—Controlling water pollution; Waste water treatment
    • Y02A20/208—Off-grid powered water treatment
    • Y02A20/212—Solar-powered wastewater sewage treatment, e.g. spray evaporation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
    • Y02W10/30—Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies
    • Y02W10/33—Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies using wind energy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
    • Y02W10/30—Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies
    • Y02W10/37—Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies using solar energy

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  • Heat Treatment Of Water, Waste Water Or Sewage (AREA)
  • Vaporization, Distillation, Condensation, Sublimation, And Cold Traps (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种在海平面上利用海水低温冷能、太阳能、风能从海水中采集淡水的方法及装置。本发明通过风能或波浪能采集海洋低温冷能，最大限度地扩大海水蒸发和凝结之间的温差，将从海水中蒸发出的淡水凝结在专门设计的凝水器上，再收集到存储器中。凝水器由翅片管制成，下面装有淡水收集器，并共同置于由透明材料制成的湿度调节器中。本发明整个过程使用纯自然能量实现海平面上的淡水采集，可实现海水的“无能耗”间接淡化。

Description

一种从海水中采集淡水的方法及装置
技术领域
本发明属于海水淡化技术，特别涉及一种在海平面上利用海水低温冷能、太阳能、风能从海水中采集淡水的方法及装置。
背景技术
传统海水淡化方法是通过能耗较大的物理法或化学法将海水直接处理后实现的，比如多级闪蒸法、反渗透法、多效蒸发和水合法等。其不足是投资和耗能巨大、成本高，出水含盐量较高等。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为了克服上述已有技术的不足，提供一种完全采用天然能量，在海面上直接采集淡水的方法及装置。
本发明是通过以下方式来实现的：
一种从海水中采集淡水的方法，其特征是首先通过风能或波浪能采集海洋低温冷能，然后综合利用低温冷能、太阳能，最大限度地扩大海水蒸发和凝结之间的温差，最后将从海水中蒸发出的淡水凝结在专门设计的凝水器上，再收集到存储器中。
一种基于以上方法进行海上淡水采集的装置，包括水泵、淡水收集器、淡水管、淡水存储器、海水管，其特征是它还包括湿度调节器、凝水器、风车，凝水器、水泵和海水管串接，由风车带动水泵使海水循环；淡水收集器安装在凝水器底部，并共同置于由透明材料制成的湿度调节器中；淡水收集器通过淡水管与淡水存储器相连通；凝水器采用翅片管制成。
本发明属于非直接海水淡化技术，主要通过海水低温冷能、太阳能和凝水器实现海平面以上的淡水采集。其中海水低温冷能通过风能或波浪能量采集，凝水器由翅片管制成，海水的温度、湿度由太阳能调节，整个过程使用纯自然能量实现海平面上的淡水采集，相当于实现了海水的“无能耗”间接淡化。
附图说明：
图1是本发明的结构示意图。图中1为湿度调节器、2为凝水器、3为风车、4为水泵、5为淡水收集器、6为淡水管、7为淡水存储器、8为海水管。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明作进一步说明：
一种从海水中采集淡水的方法及装置，包括湿度调节器1、凝水器2、风车3、水泵4、淡水收集器5、淡水管6、淡水存储器7、海水管8、湿度调节器1采用透明材料制成，凝水器2由翅片管制成。
海平面以上的空气中通常具有较大的湿度，首先利用太阳能并通过专门设计的湿度调节器1进一步增加海水的蒸发量，以增大湿度；其中在高温季节利用风车3(或波浪能)带动水泵4将底层低温海水(16-20℃)通过海水管8输送到凝水器2，以便在凝水器2上获得海水的低温冷能；在冬季则利用海面冷空气(或表面冷海水)直接输入高效凝水器2获取低温冷能，蒸发海水则利用海面以下温水。最终利用具有低温冷能的凝水器2与高温高湿度的海面空气(25-35℃)之间的温差，将高湿度空气中的水冷凝在高效凝水器2并由淡水收集器5收集起来，通过淡水管6存储在淡水存储器7中。
由于构成凝水器的翅片管散热面积极大，热交换效率非常高，故可以实现规模化淡水采集。

Claims (2)

1、一种从海水中采集淡水的方法，其特征是首先利用风车[3]带动水泵[4]将低层低温海水通过海水管[8]输送到由翅片管制成的凝水器[2]，在凝水器[2]上获得海水低温冷能；再利用具有低温冷能的凝水器[2]与海面空气之间的温差，将高温度空气中的水冷凝在凝水器[2]并由淡水收集器[5]收集起来，通过淡水管[6]存储在淡水存储器[7]中。
2、一种基于权利要求1所述方法的海上淡水采集装置，包括水泵[4]、淡水收集器[5]、淡水管[6]、淡水存储器[7]、海水管[8]，其特征是，它还包括湿度调节器[1]、凝水器[2]和风车[3]，凝水器[2]、水泵[4]和海水管[8]串接，风车[3]带动水泵[4]使海水循环；淡水收集器[5]安装在凝水器[2]底部，并共同置于由透明材料制成的湿度调节器[1]中；淡水收集器[5]通过淡水管[6]与淡水存储器[7]相连通；凝水器[2]采用翅片管制成。
CN01107705A 2001-01-04 2001-01-04 一种从海水中采集淡水的方法及装置 Expired - Fee Related CN1117702C (zh)

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CN100340492C (zh) * 2005-03-01 2007-10-03 内蒙古工业大学 一种便携式太阳能膜蒸馏海水淡化装置
CN107823910B (zh) * 2017-12-08 2023-05-16 上海海洋大学 一种倒锥螺旋对流式风力波能集成制淡装置
CN114014399B (zh) * 2021-11-06 2023-03-24 海南月壤科技控股有限公司 近乎零耗能海水淡化方法及系统

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