CN111769331B - Solid-state battery for controlling ordered growth of lithium dendrites - Google Patents

Solid-state battery for controlling ordered growth of lithium dendrites Download PDF

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CN111769331B
CN111769331B CN202010451731.3A CN202010451731A CN111769331B CN 111769331 B CN111769331 B CN 111769331B CN 202010451731 A CN202010451731 A CN 202010451731A CN 111769331 B CN111769331 B CN 111769331B
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solid electrolyte
solid
lithium
battery
coating
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CN111769331A (en
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王磊
代化
樊志民
卢北虎
裴波
张一驰
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Wuhan Institute of Marine Electric Propulsion China Shipbuilding Industry Corp No 712 Institute CSIC
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Wuhan Institute of Marine Electric Propulsion China Shipbuilding Industry Corp No 712 Institute CSIC
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/058Construction or manufacture
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/056Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
    • H01M10/0561Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of inorganic materials only
    • H01M10/0562Solid materials
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/056Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
    • H01M10/0564Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
    • H01M10/0565Polymeric materials, e.g. gel-type or solid-type
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2300/00Electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0088Composites
    • H01M2300/0091Composites in the form of mixtures
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2300/00Electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0088Composites
    • H01M2300/0094Composites in the form of layered products, e.g. coatings
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

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  • Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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Abstract

The invention discloses a preparation method of a solid electrolyte for controlling ordered growth of lithium dendrites and a battery, wherein a compact carbon material coating is coated on the surface of the solid electrolyte, and the solid electrolyte and a metal lithium cathode are jointed by a double-sided conductive adhesive under certain pressure, so that on one hand, the growth direction of the lithium dendrites can be orderly controlled in a gap between the joint surface of the solid electrolyte and the metal lithium, the lithium dendrites can grow oppositely in the gap, the lithium dendrites are prevented from puncturing the solid electrolyte, and on the other hand, the carbon coating can improve the interface impedance between the solid electrolyte and a positive electrode material, and the conduction efficiency of lithium ions is improved.

Description

Solid-state battery for controlling ordered growth of lithium dendrites
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of material synthesis, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a solid electrolyte for controlling the ordered growth direction of lithium dendrites, and a solid battery based on the electrolyte.
Background
With the continuous improvement of the energy density of the lithium ion battery, the traditional graphite cathode is difficult to meet the needs of future energy situations, the theoretical capacity of the metal lithium cathode reaches 3866 mAh/g, and the metal lithium cathode has excellent conductivity and is a perfect cathode material, however, lithium dendrites are easy to grow on the surface of the cathode in the shuttle conduction process of lithium ions in electrolyte, and the lithium dendrites are easy to penetrate through a diaphragm along with the growth of the lithium dendrites to cause the direct contact of the anode and the cathode of the battery to cause short circuit, so that potential safety hazards are generated.
It is generally considered that the problem of lithium dendrite can be solved by using an all-solid electrolyte, but in practice, lithium dendrite still grows in the all-solid electrolyte, and particularly for the garnet-structured all-solid electrolyte, lithium dendrite is very likely to grow along grain boundaries between grains in the solid electrolyte, and a short-circuit accident is likely to be triggered.
Disclosure of Invention
It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for preparing a solid electrolyte capable of orderly controlling the growth direction of lithium dendrites, in accordance with the deficiencies of the prior art.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: a method for preparing a solid electrolyte for controlling ordered growth of lithium dendrites comprises the following steps
1) Putting a proper amount of carbon material into a concentrated acid solution, and carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 6 h, wherein the acidification temperature is constant at 55 ℃;
2) filtering and collecting the carbon material after the concentrated acid treatment, and repeatedly washing the carbon material by using deionized water for multiple times until the pH value of the washing solution for the last time is within the range of 6-7;
3) according to the mass ratio of 7: 1-9: 1 weighing a proper amount of carbon material and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), then adding a proper amount of N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP) solvent, fully stirring the slurry for 30 min by using a homogenizer, and uniformly mixing to obtain slurry without granular sensation;
4) uniformly coating the slurry mixture on one surface of the solid electrolyte by using a scraping machine, wherein the coating surface density is 0.3-0.5 mg cm−2Then, the solid electrolyte coated with the slurry is placed in a vacuum drying oven and dried for 12 hours at the temperature of 100-120 ℃;
5) uniformly coating the slurry mixture on the other surface of the solid electrolyte by a scraping machine, wherein the coating surface density is 0.3-0.5 mg cm−2And then, the solid electrolyte coated with the slurry is placed in a vacuum drying oven and dried for 12 hours at the temperature of 100-120 ℃ to obtain the solid electrolyte for controlling the ordered growth direction of the lithium dendrites.
The preparation method of the solid electrolyte for controlling the ordered growth of the lithium dendrites comprises the step 1) of preparing the carbon material which is carbon nano tubes or carbon nano fibers or a mixture of the carbon nano tubes and the carbon nano fibers.
The preparation method of the solid electrolyte for controlling the ordered growth of the lithium dendrites comprises the step 1) of using concentrated acid solution of concentrated sulfuric acid or concentrated nitric acid or a mixture of the concentrated sulfuric acid and the concentrated nitric acid.
The preparation method of the solid electrolyte for controlling the ordered growth of the lithium dendrites comprises the following steps that the ratio of the carbon material to the polyvinylidene fluoride in the step 3) is 8: 1.
the preparation method of the solid electrolyte for controlling the ordered growth of the lithium dendrites comprises the steps 4) and 5) that the solid electrolyte is an inorganic solid electrolyte or an organic solid electrolyte or a mixture of the inorganic solid electrolyte and the organic solid electrolyte.
The second purpose of the invention is to provide a solid lithium metal battery capable of controlling the ordered growth of lithium dendrites, which is made of LiFePO as the anode material4Or Li [ Ni ]0.8Co0.1Mn0.1]O2The lithium ion battery comprises metal lithium serving as a negative electrode and a solid electrolyte, wherein a compact carbon coating is coated on the front surface and the back surface of the solid electrolyte, the carbon coating on one surface is connected with a positive electrode material, the carbon coating on one surface is attached to double-surface conductive adhesive around the metal lithium under the pressure of 5-8 MPa, and current collectors are arranged outside the metal lithium and the positive electrode material.
The solid-state battery for controlling the ordered growth of the lithium dendrites is a square aluminum shell battery, a soft package battery, a cylindrical battery or a button battery.
The invention has the following beneficial effects: according to the invention, the carbon material coating is adopted, and the coating and the bonding of the carbon material are added in the traditional solid electrolyte preparation process, so that on one hand, the growth direction of lithium dendrites can be orderly controlled in the gap between the solid electrolyte and the metal lithium bonding surface, the lithium dendrites can grow oppositely in the gap, the lithium dendrites are prevented from piercing the solid electrolyte, and on the other hand, the carbon coating can improve the interface impedance between the solid electrolyte and the anode material, and the conduction efficiency of lithium ions is improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a solid-state battery of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of lithium dendrite growth of a solid state battery of the present invention.
The figures are numbered: 10-metal lithium, 11-current collector, 12-conductive adhesive, 13-carbon coating, 14-solid electrolyte, and 15-anode material.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, but not limited thereto, and any modification or equivalent replacement of the technical solution of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention shall be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
This example was prepared with LiFePO4The material is a positive electrode, the metal lithium is a negative electrode and Li0.34La0.51TiO2.94Solid button cell of inorganic electrolyte. The preparation of the solid electrolyte and the coating and bonding process of the carbon material are as follows:
1) proper amount of carbon nanotube is put into concentrated sulfuric acid solution and treated by ultrasonic for 6 h, and the acidification temperature is constant at 55 ℃.
2) And filtering and collecting the carbon nano tube treated by the concentrated sulfuric acid, and repeatedly washing the carbon nano tube by using deionized water for multiple times until the pH value of the washing solution for the last time is within the range of 6-7.
3) Weighing a proper amount of carbon nano tube and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) according to the mass ratio of 8:1, then adding a proper amount of N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP) solvent, and fully stirring the slurry by using a homogenizer for 30 min until the slurry has no granular feel and is uniformly mixed.
4) The slurry mixture was uniformly applied to one side of a solid electrolyte by a doctor blade machine to a coating surface density of 0.5 mg cm−2Then, the solid electrolyte coated with the slurry was dried in a vacuum drying oven at 120 ℃ for 12 hours.
5) The slurry mixture was uniformly applied to the other side of the solid electrolyte by a doctor blade machine to a coating surface density of 0.5 mg cm−2Then, the solid electrolyte coated with the slurry was dried in a vacuum drying oven at 120 ℃ for 12 hours.
6) And adhering a proper amount of double-sided carbon conductive adhesive around the contact surface of the prepared solid electrolyte and the negative electrode, and adhering by using 8 MPa pressure.
Example 2
Preparation with Li [ Ni ]0.8Co0.1Mn0.1]O2The solid soft package battery is characterized in that the ternary material is a positive electrode, the metal lithium is a negative electrode, and polyethylene oxide (PEO) based polymer electrolyte is adopted. The preparation of the solid electrolyte and the coating and bonding process of the carbon material are as follows:
1) and (3) putting a proper amount of modified graphene into a concentrated nitric acid solution, performing ultrasonic treatment for 6 hours, and keeping the acidification temperature constant at 55 ℃.
2) And filtering and collecting the modified graphene after the concentrated nitric acid treatment, and repeatedly washing the modified graphene by using deionized water for multiple times until the pH value of the washing solution for the last time is within the range of 6-7.
3) Weighing a proper amount of modified graphene and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) according to a mass ratio of 8:1, adding a proper amount of N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) solvent, and fully stirring the slurry by using a homogenizer for 30 min until the slurry has no granular feel and is uniformly mixed.
4) The slurry mixture was uniformly applied to one side of a solid electrolyte by a doctor blade machine to a coating surface density of 0.3 mg cm−2Then, the solid electrolyte coated with the slurry was dried in a vacuum drying oven at 100 ℃ for 12 hours.
5) The slurry mixture was uniformly applied to the other side of the solid electrolyte by a doctor blade machine to a coating surface density of 0.3 mg cm−2Then, the solid electrolyte coated with the slurry was dried in a vacuum drying oven at 100 ℃ for 12 hours.
6) And adhering a proper amount of double-sided carbon conductive adhesive around the contact surface of the prepared solid electrolyte and the negative electrode by using 6 MPa pressure.
Example 3
Preparation with LiFePO4The material is a positive electrode, the metal lithium is a negative electrode, and the material is a soft package battery of organic-inorganic composite electrolyte. The preparation of the solid electrolyte and the coating and bonding process of the carbon material are as follows:
1) proper amount of carbon nano fiber is put into concentrated sulfuric acid solution, ultrasonic treatment is carried out for 6 hours, and the acidification temperature is constant at 55 ℃.
2) And filtering and collecting the carbon nano-fiber treated by concentrated sulfuric acid, and repeatedly washing with deionized water for multiple times until the pH value of the washing solution for the last time is within the range of 6-7.
3) Weighing a proper amount of carbon nanofibers and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) according to a mass ratio of 8:1, adding a proper amount of N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) solvent, and fully stirring the slurry by using a homogenizer for 30 min until the slurry has no granular feel and is uniformly mixed.
4) The slurry mixture was uniformly applied to one side of a solid electrolyte by a doctor blade machine to give a coating surface density of 0.4mg cm−2Then, the solid electrolyte coated with the slurry was dried in a vacuum drying oven at 120 ℃ for 12 hours.
5) The slurry mixture was uniformly applied to the other side of the solid electrolyte by a doctor blade machine to a coating surface density of 0.4mg cm−2Then, the solid electrolyte coated with the slurry was dried in a vacuum drying oven at 120 ℃ for 12 hours.
6) And adhering a proper amount of double-sided carbon conductive adhesive around the contact surface of the prepared solid electrolyte and the negative electrode by using the pressure of 5 MPa.
In all of examples 1 to 3, a solid electrolyte for controlling the growth direction of lithium dendrite ordered structure was prepared from LiFePO as the positive electrode material 154Or Li [ Ni ]0.8Co0.1Mn0.1]O2The lithium metal battery comprises a lithium metal battery 10 serving as a negative electrode and a solid electrolyte 14, wherein a layer of compact carbon coating 13 is coated on the front surface and the back surface of the solid electrolyte 14, the carbon coating 13 on one surface is connected with a positive electrode material 15, the carbon coating 13 on one surface is attached to a double-surface conductive adhesive 12 around the lithium metal battery 10 under the pressure of 5-8 MPa, current collectors 11 are arranged outside the lithium metal battery 10 and the positive electrode material 15, and the specific structure is shown in figure 1.
As shown in fig. 2, lithium dendrites grow in the gaps between the carbon coating and the lithium dendrites, thereby preventing the lithium dendrites from growing in the solid electrolyte to cause internal short circuits in the battery.
The above-described embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and effects of the present invention, and some embodiments may be applied, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the inventive concept of the present invention, and these embodiments are within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. A solid-state battery for controlling the ordered growth of lithium dendrites, comprising: made of LiFePO as a positive electrode material (15)4Or Li [ Ni ]0.8Co0.1Mn0.1]O2The lithium battery comprises a lithium metal (10) serving as a negative electrode and a solid electrolyte (14), wherein carbon coatings (13) are coated on the front surface and the back surface of the solid electrolyte (14), the carbon coating (13) on one surface is connected with a positive electrode material (15), the carbon coating (13) on one surface is attached to double-sided conductive adhesive (12) around the lithium metal (10) under the pressure of 5-8 MPa, the conductive adhesive (12) is located on the contact surface of the carbon coating (13) and the lithium metal (10) and distributed along the periphery, and current collectors (11) are arranged outside the lithium metal (10) and the positive electrode material (15); the preparation method of the solid electrolyte (14) comprises the following steps:
1) putting the carbon nano-fiber into a concentrated acid solution, and carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 6 hours, wherein the acidification temperature is constant at 55 ℃;
2) filtering and collecting the carbon nanofibers, and repeatedly washing with deionized water until the pH value of the washing solution is 6-7;
3) according to the mass ratio of 7: 1-9: 1, weighing carbon nano fibers and polyvinylidene fluoride, then adding an N-methyl pyrrolidone solvent, fully stirring for 30 min by using a homogenizer, and uniformly mixing to obtain slurry without granular feeling;
4) uniformly coating the slurry mixture on one surface of the solid electrolyte by using a scraping machine, wherein the coating surface density is 0.3-0.5 mg cm−2Then, the solid electrolyte coated with the slurry is placed in a vacuum drying oven and dried for 12 hours at the temperature of 100-120 ℃;
5) uniformly coating the slurry mixture on the other surface of the solid electrolyte by a scraping machine, wherein the coating surface density is 0.3-0.5 mg cm−2Then, the solid electrolyte coated with the slurry is placed in a vacuum drying oven and dried for 12 hours at the temperature of 100-120 ℃ to obtain the solid electrolyte with the lithium dendrites growing orderlyAnd (4) decomposing the materials.
2. The solid-state battery for controlling ordered growth of lithium dendrites of claim 1 wherein the solid-state battery is a prismatic aluminum can battery, a pouch battery, a cylindrical battery or a button battery.
3. The solid-state battery for controlling ordered growth of lithium dendrites of claim 1 wherein the concentrated acid solution in step 1) is concentrated sulfuric acid or concentrated nitric acid or a mixture of both.
4. The solid-state battery for controlling ordered growth of lithium dendrites of claim 1 wherein the ratio of carbon nanofibers to polyvinylidene fluoride in step 3) is 8: 1.
5. the solid-state battery for controlling ordered growth of lithium dendrites of claim 1 wherein the solid-state electrolyte in steps 4) and 5) is an inorganic solid-state electrolyte or an organic solid-state electrolyte or a mixture of both.
CN202010451731.3A 2020-05-25 2020-05-25 Solid-state battery for controlling ordered growth of lithium dendrites Active CN111769331B (en)

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CN201256163Y (en) * 2008-08-07 2009-06-10 武汉博赛尔科技有限公司 Lithium battery anode
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CN105118994B (en) * 2015-08-26 2017-10-27 武汉理工大学 A kind of lithium ion cell positive phosphoric acid vanadium lithium composite and preparation method thereof
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