CN111768881A - Liquid passive reactor control rod and working method thereof - Google Patents
Liquid passive reactor control rod and working method thereof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN111768881A CN111768881A CN202010713433.7A CN202010713433A CN111768881A CN 111768881 A CN111768881 A CN 111768881A CN 202010713433 A CN202010713433 A CN 202010713433A CN 111768881 A CN111768881 A CN 111768881A
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- Prior art keywords
- control rod
- reactor
- liquid
- reactor core
- storage tank
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C7/00—Control of nuclear reaction
- G21C7/06—Control of nuclear reaction by application of neutron-absorbing material, i.e. material with absorption cross-section very much in excess of reflection cross-section
- G21C7/08—Control of nuclear reaction by application of neutron-absorbing material, i.e. material with absorption cross-section very much in excess of reflection cross-section by displacement of solid control elements, e.g. control rods
- G21C7/10—Construction of control elements
- G21C7/103—Control assemblies containing one or more absorbants as well as other elements, e.g. fuel or moderator elements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C7/00—Control of nuclear reaction
- G21C7/06—Control of nuclear reaction by application of neutron-absorbing material, i.e. material with absorption cross-section very much in excess of reflection cross-section
- G21C7/22—Control of nuclear reaction by application of neutron-absorbing material, i.e. material with absorption cross-section very much in excess of reflection cross-section by displacement of a fluid or fluent neutron-absorbing material, e.g. by adding neutron-absorbing material to the coolant
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C7/00—Control of nuclear reaction
- G21C7/06—Control of nuclear reaction by application of neutron-absorbing material, i.e. material with absorption cross-section very much in excess of reflection cross-section
- G21C7/24—Selection of substances for use as neutron-absorbing material
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
- Structure Of Emergency Protection For Nuclear Reactors (AREA)
- Monitoring And Testing Of Nuclear Reactors (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a liquid passive reactor control rod and a working method thereof, wherein the liquid passive reactor control rod comprises a lithium storage tank and a plurality of control rod cladding shells, the upper end of each control rod cladding shell is communicated with the lithium storage tank, the lower end of each control rod cladding shell is inserted into an external reactor core, helium is filled in the lower side of each control rod cladding shell, and the control rod and the working method thereof have the characteristics of low failure probability, high reliability and higher safety.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of nuclear reactor control rods, and relates to a liquid passive reactor control rod and a working method thereof.
Background
The control rods used in the current international domestic main flow reactors are all made of solid materials (stainless steel, silver indium cadmium and boron carbide) and are made into slender rods, and a certain number of control rods are connected to a control rod driving mechanism to form a control rod bundle. A motor arranged outside the reactor vessel drives a control rod driving mechanism to move through a chain or a claw, so that the control rod is lifted or inserted downwards in the reactor core. Under the condition of losing power supply, the control rods are inserted into the reactor core by utilizing the gravity of the control rods, so that the design of failure safety is realized. This technique suffers from the following disadvantages: firstly, the movement of the control rods must depend on an external power supply, a driving motor, a corresponding mechanical device and a control device, so that the failure probability of the control rod group is increased; the two control rod driving mechanisms penetrate through the pressure vessel end socket, and the penetrating piece and the pressure-bearing part of the pressure boundary of the loop are added, so that the reliability is low; thirdly, although the design of the failure safety is realized by utilizing gravity, the possibility of rod clamping when the control rod falls down or rod ejecting of the control rod falling into the bottom of the reactor core still exists.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a liquid passive reactor control rod and a working method thereof.
In order to achieve the purpose, the liquid passive reactor control rod comprises a lithium storage tank and a plurality of control rod cladding shells, wherein the upper end of each control rod cladding shell is communicated with the lithium storage tank, one end of each control rod cladding shell is inserted into an external reactor core, and helium is filled in one end of each control rod cladding shell.
Liquid metal lithium in the lithium storage tank enters the control rod cladding and forms a gas-liquid interface with helium.
The reactor core is internally provided with a plurality of reactor coolant channels, and the lithium storage tank is positioned at one side of the outlet of the reactor coolant channels.
The control rod cladding has an inner diameter of less than 10 mm.
The working method of the liquid passive reactor control rod comprises the following steps:
when the outlet temperature of the reactor core rises, the liquid metal lithium in the lithium storage tank and the control rod cladding is heated to expand, so that a gas-liquid interface is lowered, the amount of the liquid metal lithium (Li-6) entering the reactor core is increased, the reactor core is enabled to introduce negative reactivity, and the abnormal rising of the power of the reactor is restrained; when the outlet temperature of the reactor core is reduced, the liquid metal lithium in the lithium storage tank and the control rod cladding is cooled and contracted, the gas-liquid interface is raised, and the liquid metal lithium (Li-6) is discharged from the reactor core, so that the reactor core introduces the positive reactivity, the abnormal reduction of the reactor power is compensated, and the reactor power automatically tends to be stable. The control rod has the function of automatically adjusting and stabilizing the reactor power or the reactor core outlet temperature, and does not relate to the requirement of the reactor shutdown function.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
when the liquid passive reactor control rod and the working method thereof are operated specifically, liquid metal lithium (Li-6) is used as a reactor neutron absorber, metal lithium isotopes (Li-6 and Li-7) with certain abundance are loaded into a lithium storage tank and the upper part of a control rod cladding, pure helium is filled into the lower part of the control rod cladding, the liquid metal lithium can stably suspend on an interface between the control rod cladding and the helium because of surface tension, when the outlet temperature of a reactor core rises, a gas-liquid interface between the liquid metal lithium and the helium descends, the amount of the liquid metal lithium (Li-6) entering the reactor core increases, the liquid metal lithium control rod is inserted into the reactor core to introduce negative reactivity, and thus the abnormal rising of the reactor power is inhibited; when the outlet temperature of the reactor core is reduced, the gas-liquid interface is raised, liquid metal lithium (Li-6) is discharged from the reactor core, and a liquid metal lithium control rod is drawn out of the reactor core to introduce positive and negative reactivity, so that the abnormal reduction of the reactor power is compensated, wherein the movement of the gas-liquid interface in the control rod cladding does not need to depend on an external power supply to drive and control a system, a mechanical device is simplified, and the failure probability of a control rod group is obviously reduced; meanwhile, the lithium control rod does not need to penetrate through the end socket of the pressure container, so that the safety and the reliability of a pressure boundary of the primary circuit are obviously improved; finally, the invention utilizes the passive concept of metal expansion with heat and contraction with cold to avoid the possibility of rod jamming of the control rod or rod ejection of the control rod.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention.
Wherein, 1 is a lithium storage tank, 2 is a control rod cladding, 3 is helium, 4 is liquid metal lithium, 5 is a reactor coolant channel, 6 is a reactor core, and 7 is a reactor container.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
referring to fig. 1, the liquid passive reactor control rod according to the present invention includes a lithium storage tank 1 and a plurality of control rod cladding 2, wherein the upper end of each control rod cladding 2 is communicated with the lithium storage tank 1, the lower end of each control rod cladding 2 is inserted into an external reactor core 6, and helium gas 3 is filled in the lower side of each control rod cladding 2.
The working method of the liquid passive reactor control rod comprises the following steps:
normally liquid metal lithium 4(Li-6 and Li-7) is inside the control rod cladding 2 and only enters the upper half of the reactor core 6, the lower part of the control rod cladding 2 is filled with helium 3, and the liquid metal lithium 4(Li-6 and Li-7) can rapidly reach the same temperature as the coolant at the outlet of the reactor core 6.
When the outlet temperature of the reactor core 6 rises, the liquid metal lithium 4 in the lithium storage tank 1 and the control rod cladding 2 is heated and expanded, the gas-liquid interface is lowered, the amount of the liquid metal lithium 4 entering the reactor core 6 is increased, and the liquid metal lithium control rod is inserted into the reactor core 6 to introduce negative reactivity, so that the abnormal rising of the reactor power is inhibited; when the outlet temperature of the reactor core 6 is reduced, the liquid metal lithium 4 in the lithium storage tank 1 and the control rod cladding 2 is cooled and contracted, a gas-liquid interface is raised, the liquid metal lithium 4 is discharged from the reactor core 6, the liquid metal lithium control rod is drawn out of the reactor core 6 to introduce the positive reactivity, so that the abnormal reduction of the reactor power is compensated, and the liquid passive reactor control rod enables the reactor power to automatically tend to be stable. The liquid metal lithium 4 has the passive characteristic without using an external driving force due to expansion with heat and contraction with cold. The control rod has the function of automatically adjusting and stabilizing the reactor power or the reactor core outlet temperature, and does not relate to the requirement of the reactor shutdown function.
The invention can be used in future novel metal cooling reactors (sodium cooling reactors, lithium cooling reactors, lead cooling reactors, bismuth cooling reactors, etc.). The reactor core is broken under the extreme condition of damage, Li-6 with neutron absorption performance is dispersed into a coolant system, the reactivity under the accident condition is reduced, and the reactor core has the function of accident safety.
In actual operation, the absorption capacity of a single control rod to neutrons can be changed by adjusting the abundance of lithium (Li-6) in the lithium control rod, so that the control rod arrangement in a reactor core is optimized, and the control performance is improved.
Claims (7)
1. The liquid passive reactor control rod is characterized by comprising a lithium storage tank (1) and a plurality of control rod cladding shells (2), wherein one end of each control rod cladding shell (2) is communicated with the lithium storage tank (1), the other end of each control rod cladding shell (2) is inserted into an external reactor core (6) and is inserted into an active area of the reactor core (6) to a depth covering the active area, and helium (3) is filled in one end, inserted into the reactor core (6), of each control rod cladding shell (2).
2. The liquid passive reactor control rod as claimed in claim 1, wherein the liquid metal lithium (4) in the lithium storage tank (1) enters the control rod cladding (2) to form a gas-liquid interface with the helium gas (3).
3. The liquid passive reactor control rod as claimed in claim 1, wherein a plurality of reactor coolant channels (5) are provided in the reactor core (6), and the lithium storage tank (1) is located at one side of the outlet of the reactor coolant channels (5).
4. A liquid passive reactor control rod according to claim 1, wherein the lithium storage tank (1) is positioned above the reactor core (6) when the reactor coolant channel (5) flow direction is upward; when the flow direction of the reactor coolant channel (5) is horizontal, the control rod cladding (2) is horizontally arranged; the lithium storage tank (1) is positioned below the reactor core (6) when the reactor coolant channel (5) flow direction is downward.
5. The liquid passive reactor control rod as set forth in claim 1, wherein the control rod has a function of stabilizing reactor power and core exit temperature.
6. The liquid passive reactor control rod of claim 1, wherein the control rod cladding (2) has an inner diameter of less than 10 mm.
7. A method of operating a liquid passive reactor control rod as set forth in claim 2, including the steps of:
when the outlet temperature of the reactor core (6) rises, the liquid metal lithium (4) in the lithium storage tank (1) and the control rod cladding (2) is heated and expanded, so that a gas-liquid interface is lowered, the amount of the liquid metal lithium (4) entering the reactor core (6) is increased, and negative reactivity is introduced into the reactor core (6), so that the abnormal rising of the power of the reactor is inhibited; when the outlet temperature of the reactor core (6) is reduced, the liquid metal lithium (4) in the lithium storage tank (1) and the control rod cladding (2) is cooled and contracted, the gas-liquid interface is raised, the liquid metal lithium (4) is discharged from the reactor core (6), and the positive and negative reactivity is introduced into the reactor core (6), so that the abnormal reduction of the reactor power is compensated, and the reactor power automatically tends to be stable.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010713433.7A CN111768881A (en) | 2020-07-22 | 2020-07-22 | Liquid passive reactor control rod and working method thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010713433.7A CN111768881A (en) | 2020-07-22 | 2020-07-22 | Liquid passive reactor control rod and working method thereof |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN111768881A true CN111768881A (en) | 2020-10-13 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010713433.7A Pending CN111768881A (en) | 2020-07-22 | 2020-07-22 | Liquid passive reactor control rod and working method thereof |
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| Country | Link |
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| CN (1) | CN111768881A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111933312A (en) * | 2020-08-07 | 2020-11-13 | 上海核工程研究设计院有限公司 | Device for automatically controlling reactivity of nuclear reactor |
| CN113345606A (en) * | 2021-04-28 | 2021-09-03 | 岭东核电有限公司 | Reactor shutdown control rod and reactor shutdown and cooling integrated system with same |
-
2020
- 2020-07-22 CN CN202010713433.7A patent/CN111768881A/en active Pending
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111933312A (en) * | 2020-08-07 | 2020-11-13 | 上海核工程研究设计院有限公司 | Device for automatically controlling reactivity of nuclear reactor |
| CN111933312B (en) * | 2020-08-07 | 2022-12-02 | 上海核工程研究设计院有限公司 | Device for automatically controlling reactivity of nuclear reactor |
| CN113345606A (en) * | 2021-04-28 | 2021-09-03 | 岭东核电有限公司 | Reactor shutdown control rod and reactor shutdown and cooling integrated system with same |
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