CN111766530A - Method for detecting service life of lithium ion storage battery monomer - Google Patents
Method for detecting service life of lithium ion storage battery monomer Download PDFInfo
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- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/396—Acquisition or processing of data for testing or for monitoring individual cells or groups of cells within a battery
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- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
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Abstract
The invention aims to provide a lithium ion storage battery monomer service life detection model and a detection method thereof aiming at the defects of the prior art, and the detection model comprises the following steps: acquiring direct current internal resistance values of the lithium ion storage battery monomer standard component at different specific temperatures; obtaining a life curve of a single standard part of the lithium ion storage battery; acquiring direct current internal resistance values of the tested lithium ion battery unit at different specific temperatures; calculating the direct current internal resistance change rate of the lithium ion storage battery monomer standard component to the reference temperature at different specific temperatures; calculating and calculating the equivalent coefficients of the tested piece of the lithium ion storage battery monomer and the standard piece of the lithium ion storage battery monomer; and multiplying the equivalent coefficient by the service life value of the standard part, equivalently drawing a service life curve of the to-be-detected part of the single lithium ion storage battery, and predicting the service life of the single lithium ion storage battery.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of new energy automobile power supply application, in particular to a method for detecting the service life of a lithium ion storage battery monomer.
Background
The lithium ion storage battery is applied to the new energy automobile power supply, the service life of the new energy automobile power supply is always the focus of attention of consumers, and therefore, the service life of the lithium ion storage battery monomer becomes one of the key indexes of designers in new product design of new energy automobiles. In a short period, the relatively accurate cycle life characteristic of the adopted lithium ion storage battery is obtained, and the method is very important for the development of new energy automobiles. Because the single lithium ion storage battery has the characteristics of small charge and discharge current, small heat productivity and long cycle life, the single life curve deduction algorithm which is widely applied at present is adopted. The method comprises the steps of testing the life cycle life curve of a lithium ion storage battery monomer, obtaining the service life of an accurate battery pack according to the accurate test curve simulation, wherein about 4 hours are needed for testing the single battery once, about 8500 hours are needed for evaluating the life cycle (80% capacity) of the lithium ion battery, and the time spent on evaluating the life cycle is too long, so that the development cycle of a new vehicle type is prolonged. Another exemplary method is battery pack life testing. The method tests the service life of the battery module or the battery pack, the service life characteristic tested by the method is more accurate, but the test period is equivalent to the single period of the lithium ion storage battery, so the test period is long; in addition, the method also needs to build a comprehensive rack consisting of a temperature control system, a safety early warning/explosion-proof system and a test system, so that the whole life cycle evaluation resource shortage of the battery module or the battery pack is caused. Therefore, at present, a monomer life curve deduction algorithm is still adopted to meet the design and development requirements of new energy automobiles.
At present, in the application field of new energy automobiles, the service life of a lithium ion storage battery pack is closely inseparable from the service life of a single battery formed by the lithium ion storage battery pack. However, the acceleration or delay of the service life of a lithium ion battery cell is influenced by both external factors and internal factors, the external factors which significantly influence the service life of the battery include working temperature and working current, and the internal factors include battery electrode materials and side reactions other than normal charge and discharge in the electrochemical reaction process. The characteristics of internal factors are represented by electrochemical performance, and include parameters such as ohmic resistance, polarization capacitance, open-circuit voltage and the like, and the parameters are suitable for basic research of materials and have direct relation with direct-current internal resistance. Therefore, in the application stage of the battery, the characteristics of the battery can be accurately represented by adopting the direct current internal resistance under the interference of external factors, and the method has important significance for obtaining the service life of the lithium ion storage battery monomer.
The application publication number of the Chinese patent application is CN201710238631.0, and the application publication date is 2017, 4, 13, and the novel use patent discloses a method and a system for detecting the cycle life of a lithium ion battery.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for detecting the service life of a lithium ion storage battery monomer aiming at the defects of the prior art, so that the test period of the cycle life of the lithium ion storage battery monomer is shortened, the application range of a lithium ion storage battery monomer service life model is expanded, and the design and development requirements of new energy automobiles are met.
The invention provides a method for detecting the service life of a lithium ion storage battery monomer, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
a. measuring the capacity value of the standard component of the single lithium ion storage battery;
b. acquiring direct current internal resistance values of the lithium ion storage battery monomer standard component at different specific temperatures;
c. obtaining a life curve of a single standard part of the lithium ion storage battery;
d. acquiring direct current internal resistance values of the tested lithium ion battery unit at different specific temperatures;
e. calculating the direct current internal resistance change rate of the lithium ion storage battery monomer standard component to the reference temperature at different specific temperatures according to the direct current internal resistance values of the lithium ion storage battery monomer standard component at different specific temperatures;
f. equivalently calculating the direct-current internal resistance value of the measured piece of the lithium ion storage battery at the reference temperature according to the direct-current internal resistance value of the measured piece of the lithium ion storage battery at different temperatures and the direct-current internal resistance change rate of the standard piece;
g. calculating the equivalent coefficient of the measured piece of the lithium ion storage battery monomer and the standard piece of the lithium ion storage battery monomer according to the direct current internal resistance value of the measured piece of the lithium ion storage battery monomer at the reference temperature in the step f and the direct current internal resistance value measured and calculated by the measured piece of the lithium ion storage battery monomer at the reference temperature in the step d;
h. and c, multiplying the equivalent coefficient by the service life value of the standard part according to the service life curve of the standard part of the single lithium ion storage battery measured in the step c, equivalently drawing a service life curve of the single lithium ion storage battery to be measured, and predicting the service life of the single lithium ion storage battery.
In the above technical solution, the step a includes the following steps: in an environment with a specified temperature, fully charging a standard piece of a single lithium ion storage battery by adopting a set current value in a constant-current and constant-voltage manner, standing for 30min, standing for a time corresponding to the specified temperature at different specific temperatures, then respectively carrying out constant-current discharge on the standard piece of the single lithium ion storage battery under different specific current conditions, standing for 30min after the discharge is finished, and measuring battery capacity values corresponding to the standard piece of the single lithium ion storage battery under different specific current conditions at different specific temperatures; and calculating the average value of the battery capacity values of the standard single lithium ion storage battery corresponding to different specific current conditions at a specific temperature as the specific capacity value of the standard single lithium ion storage battery at the specific temperature.
In the above technical solution, the steps b and d adopt the same method to obtain the direct current internal resistance values of the standard component and the tested component of the lithium ion battery cell at different specific temperatures, and specifically include the following steps: the method comprises the steps of firstly adjusting the residual electric quantity of a standard component or a tested component of a single lithium ion storage battery to 50% by adopting a set current value in an environment with a specified temperature, then respectively placing for a time corresponding to the specified temperature at different specific temperatures, respectively carrying out constant current discharge on the standard component or the tested component of the single lithium ion storage battery for 10s by adopting different specific currents, then carrying out constant current charge for 10s by adopting the same specific current value, and measuring to obtain the discharge voltage difference and the charge voltage difference of the standard component or the tested component of the single lithium ion storage battery; according to ohm's law, calculating and obtaining the specific discharging direct current internal resistance and the specific charging direct current internal resistance of the lithium ion storage battery monomer standard component or the tested component corresponding to a specific current at a specific temperature, wherein the average value of the specific discharging direct current internal resistance and the specific charging direct current internal resistance is the specific direct current internal resistance value of the lithium ion storage battery monomer standard component or the tested component corresponding to the specific current at the specific temperature; and calculating the average value of the specific direct current internal resistance values of the lithium ion battery monomer standard component or the tested component corresponding to different specific currents at a certain specific temperature as the specific direct current internal resistance value of the lithium ion battery monomer standard component or the tested component at the specific temperature.
In the above technical solution, the step c specifically includes the following steps: and performing charge-discharge circulation on the standard single piece of the lithium ion storage battery until the capacity is attenuated to 50% of the initial capacity value so as to obtain a service life curve of the standard single piece of the lithium ion storage battery.
In the above technical solution, the step c includes the following steps: and under the environment of the specified temperature, carrying out constant current charging on the standard component of the single lithium ion storage battery to cut-off voltage and limit charging time by adopting a set current value, after the standard component is placed for the specified time, carrying out constant current discharging on the standard component of the single lithium ion storage battery to cut-off voltage and limit discharging time by adopting the set current value, placing the standard component for the specified time, carrying out charge-discharge circulation according to the mode until the capacity is attenuated to 50% of the initial capacity, so as to obtain the service life curve of the standard component of the single lithium ion storage battery under the environment of the specified temperature.
In the above technical scheme, in the step e, a certain value in the specific temperature values is selected as a reference temperature value, and the direct current internal resistance change rate at other specific temperatures is a ratio of a specific direct current internal resistance value at the temperature of the lithium ion battery cell standard component to a specific direct current internal resistance value at the reference temperature value.
In the above technical solution, in the step f, an equivalent calculation value of the specific direct current internal resistance value of the measured piece of the lithium ion battery cell at a certain specific temperature is a calculation result of dividing the specific direct current internal resistance value of the measured piece of the lithium ion battery cell at the specific temperature by the direct current internal resistance change rate of the standard piece of the lithium ion battery cell at the specific temperature; the equivalent calculation value of the specific direct current internal resistance value of the tested piece of the lithium ion storage battery at the reference temperature is the average value of the equivalent calculation values of the specific direct current internal resistance values at other specific temperatures.
In the above technical solution, the equivalent coefficient in step g is a ratio of a specific direct current internal resistance value measured and calculated by the measured piece of the lithium ion battery cell at the reference temperature to an equivalent calculation value of the specific direct current internal resistance value of the measured piece of the lithium ion battery cell at the reference temperature.
In the technical scheme, the standard part and the tested part of the lithium ion storage battery monomer adopt the lithium ion storage battery monomer with the same system and structure.
In the above technical solution, the temperature value of the specific temperature includes: the temperature is minus 20 ℃, minus 10 ℃, 0 ℃ and 25 ℃, and 25 ℃ is selected as a reference temperature value; setting the specified temperature to 25 +/-2 ℃ or 10 +/-2 ℃ or 30 +/-2 ℃ according to the operating environment; in steps b and d, the corresponding shelf time is 24h when the specified temperature is less than 25 degrees and 16h when the specified temperature is greater than 25 degrees. Wherein, the common use environment selects 25 +/-2 ℃ as the designated temperature, 10 +/-2 ℃ is adopted as the designated temperature when the product is used in colder areas, and 30 +/-2 ℃ is adopted as the designated temperature when the product is used in hotter areas. The invention sets different specific temperatures to simulate different environmental temperatures encountered in the use process of the automobile, so that the prediction result is more in line with the actual condition of automobile application.
In the above technical solution, the current value of the specific current includes a maximum current value, a minimum current value and a set current value of the standard component of the lithium ion battery cell. The value range of the current is set to be not more than the maximum current value and the minimum current value of the used single lithium ion storage battery standard component and the tested component. The invention sets specific current with different current values so that the prediction result is more in line with the actual condition of automobile application.
The invention adopts the charging direct current internal resistance and the discharging direct current internal resistance of the lithium ion storage battery monomer to test the cycle life of the lithium ion storage battery monomer, and the testing period of the charging direct current internal resistance and the discharging direct current internal resistance is short, thereby shortening the testing period of the life characteristic of the lithium ion storage battery monomer and simultaneously being capable of rapidly testing the life characteristic of the lithium ion storage battery monomer. The invention adopts the charging direct current internal resistance and the discharging direct current internal resistance of the lithium ion storage battery monomer under different temperatures and different specific current conditions to represent the performance characteristics of the lithium ion storage battery monomer, thereby ensuring that the essential characteristics of different individuals are accurately reflected and improving the accuracy of the service life test of the lithium ion storage battery monomer tested by the method. The invention adopts direct current internal resistance to directly represent the functional characteristics of the lithium ion storage battery, so that the invention can be commonly used in the lithium ion storage battery monomer with high specific energy function and high power function in the same system and the same structure, and the limitation of the application range is reduced. The invention adopts a shorter test period, can accurately and equivalently obtain the service life characteristic of the battery monomer so as to obtain the service life characteristic of the battery pack, thereby improving the reliability of the battery application, guiding the battery to be replaced or maintained in time and improving the economy of the battery application. The invention is not limited by the function of the single body of the lithium ion storage battery under the condition of the same system and the same structure. Therefore, the invention can be completely applied to the same system and same structure family of the lithium ion storage battery monomer.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows characteristic values of a standard component and a to-be-tested component
FIG. 2 is a graph of the equivalent cycle life of a test piece.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described in detail with reference to the following drawings and specific examples, which are not intended to limit the invention, but are for clear understanding.
The invention provides a method for detecting the service life of a lithium ion storage battery monomer, which comprises the following steps:
step one, firstly adopting 1I in an environment with the temperature of 25 +/-2 DEG C1Charging the battery with constant current and voltage for 30min, standing at specific temperature T (T-20 deg.C, -10 deg.C, 0 deg.C, 25 deg.C) for 24h, and discharging with specific current I (I ═ Imin, I)1Imax), discharging the battery at constant current, standing for 30min, and measuring the specific capacity value of the lithium ion storage battery monomer.
Step two, adopting 1I1The SOC of the battery is adjusted to 50% in an environment of 25 ℃ +/-2 ℃, and the battery is kept for 24h at a specific temperature T (T ═ 20 ℃, -10 ℃, 0 ℃, 25 ℃), and a specific current I (I ═ Imin, I ℃) is adopted1Imax) to discharge the battery for 10s at constant current, then charge the battery for 10s at constant current, test to obtain the discharge voltage difference and the charge voltage difference of the battery, and according to ohm law R being U/I, obtain the specific discharge direct current internal resistance and the specific charge direct current internal resistance of the single lithium ion storage battery, and the average value of the two is the specific direct current internal resistance value of the single lithium ion storage battery.
Step three, firstly adopting 1I at the temperature of 25 +/-2 DEG C1Charging the single battery to cut-off voltage with constant current and limiting charging time to 54min, standing for 30min, and adopting 1I1And (3) carrying out constant current discharge on the single battery by current until the constant current discharge reaches the cut-off voltage, limiting the discharge time to be 54min, standing for 30min, and carrying out charge-discharge circulation on the battery in a sequential method until the capacity is attenuated to 50% of the initial capacity to obtain the service life curve of the single standard part of the lithium ion storage battery at the temperature of 25 +/-2 ℃. According to the method, when the full life cycle curve of the battery is measured, the battery charging and discharging interval suitable for the use condition of the new energy vehicle is selected, the curve testing period during modeling can be shortened, large influence factors of electrode polarization reaction of the battery when the SOC is less than or equal to 5% and the SOC is more than or equal to 95% are eliminated, and the curve is closer to the application scene of the new energy vehicle. The method is also suitable for 100% of charging and discharging intervals of the battery.
Step four, the charge-discharge current of the single battery of the standard part is specified to be I ═ 1I1Measuring the charging direct current internal resistance R at the temperature of 25 ℃ according to the method in the step twoCharger 0Internal resistance of discharge DC is RPut 0The average value of the DC internal resistances at the temperature is the average value of the charging DC internal resistance and the discharging DC internal resistance, and is recorded as R0(ii) a The charging direct current internal resistance value at the temperature of T-0 ℃ is RCharger 1The discharge direct current internal resistance value is RPut 1The average value of the DC internal resistances at the temperature is the average value of the charging DC internal resistance and the discharging DC internal resistance, and is recorded as R1(ii) a The charging direct current internal resistance value at the temperature of-10 ℃ is RCharger 2The discharge direct current internal resistance value is RPut 2The average value of the DC internal resistances at the temperature is the average value of the charging DC internal resistance and the discharging DC internal resistance, and is recorded as R2(ii) a The charging direct current internal resistance value at the temperature of-20 ℃ is RCharger 3The discharge direct current internal resistance value is RPut 3The average value of the DC internal resistances at the temperature is the average value of the charging DC internal resistance and the discharging DC internal resistance, and is recorded as R3. Similarly, the discharge current of the single battery of the tested piece is specified to be I-1I1Then, the charging direct current internal resistance R is measured according to the method of the step two when the T is 25 DEG CCharger 01Internal resistance of discharge DC is RPut 01The average value of the DC internal resistances at the temperature is the average value of the charging DC internal resistance and the discharging DC internal resistance, and is recorded as R01(ii) a The charging direct current internal resistance value at the temperature of T-0 ℃ is RCharger 11The discharge direct current internal resistance value is RPut 11The average value of the DC internal resistances at the temperature is the average value of the charging DC internal resistance and the discharging DC internal resistance, and is recorded as R11(ii) a The charging direct current internal resistance value at the temperature of-10 ℃ is RCharger 21The discharge direct current internal resistance value is RPlacing 21The average value of the DC internal resistances at the temperature is the average value of the charging DC internal resistance and the discharging DC internal resistance, and is recorded as R21(ii) a The charging direct current internal resistance value at the temperature of-20 ℃ is RCharger 31The discharge direct current internal resistance value is R31 amplifierThe average value of the DC internal resistances at the temperature is the average value of the charging DC internal resistance and the discharging DC internal resistance, and is recorded as R31。
Step five, calculating the direct current internal resistance change rate of the lithium ion storage battery monomer at different temperatures when the temperature T is 25 ℃ according to the direct current internal resistance value measured by the standard component: rate of change R of DC internal resistance at 0 deg.C1 /＝R1/R0Direct current internal resistance change rate R at-10 DEG C2 /＝R2/R0Direct current internal resistance change rate R at-20 DEG C3 /＝R3/R0。
Step six, equivalently calculating the direct current internal resistance value R of the tested piece T-25 ℃ according to the direct current internal resistance values of the tested piece at different temperatures and the direct current internal resistance change rate of the standard piece011. T-0 deg.C equivalent calculated measured piece T-25 deg.C DC internal resistance value R111＝R01/R1 /T-10 deg.C equivalent operation measured piece T-25 deg.C DC internal resistance value R211＝R02/R2 /T-20 deg.C equivalent operation measured piece T-25 deg.C DC internal resistance value R311＝R03/R3 /. The direct current internal resistance value of the tested part T of the equivalent operation at 25 ℃ is the average value of the direct current internal resistance values of the tested part T of the equivalent operation at different temperatures, R011＝(R111+R211+R311)/3。
Step seven, calculating the equivalent coefficient n of the measured piece and the standard piece, wherein n is R, according to the direct current internal resistance value of the measured piece T which is calculated equivalently at 25 ℃ and the direct current internal resistance value of the measured piece T which is measured at 25 DEG C01/R011。
And step eight, multiplying the equivalent coefficient by the service life value of the standard part according to the service life curve of the standard part of the single lithium ion storage battery measured in the step three, equivalently drawing a service life curve of the part to be measured, and predicting the service life of the single lithium ion storage battery.
The standard component of the specific embodiment of the invention is a 50Ah nickel-cobalt-manganese-lithium ternary system laminated structure single battery.
In an environment temperature of 25 +/-2 ℃, constant current charging is firstly carried out on the nickel-cobalt-manganese-lithium monomer battery by adopting a current of 50A until a cut-off voltage is 4.2V, constant voltage charging is carried out by rotating to 4.2V until the current is reduced to 3A, standing is carried out for 30min, then standing is carried out for 24h in an environment of T +/-25 ℃ (0 ℃, -10 ℃, -20 ℃) and +/-2 ℃, constant current discharging is carried out on the nickel-cobalt-manganese-lithium monomer battery by adopting a current of 60A until the cut-off voltage is 2.75V, standing is carried out for 30min, and the discharge capacity is charged and discharged for 5 times by the method, and the discharge capacity value of the nickel-cobalt-manganese-.
In an environment temperature of 25 +/-2 ℃, the SOC of the nickel-cobalt-manganese-lithium single battery is firstly adjusted to 50% by adopting a 50A current, then the nickel-cobalt-manganese-lithium single battery is placed for 24h in an environment with the temperature T being 25 ℃ (0 ℃, -10 ℃, -20 ℃) + -2 ℃, finally the nickel-cobalt-manganese-lithium single battery is subjected to constant current discharge for 10s by adopting the 50A current, the nickel-cobalt-manganese-lithium single battery is subjected to constant current charge for 10s by adopting the 50A current, and the discharge direct current internal resistance value, the charge direct current internal resistance value and the direct current internal resistance mean value of the nickel-cobalt-manganese-lithium single battery at different temperatures.
Under the temperature of 25 +/-2 ℃, constant current charging is firstly carried out on the nickel-cobalt-manganese-lithium monomer battery by adopting 50A current until the cut-off voltage is 4.2V, constant voltage charging is carried out by rotating to 4.2V until the current is reduced to 3A, standing is carried out for 30min, constant current discharging is carried out on the nickel-cobalt-manganese-lithium monomer battery by adopting 60A current until the cut-off voltage is 2.75V, standing is carried out for 30min, and charging and discharging circulation is carried out on the battery in a sequential method until the capacity is attenuated to 80% of the initial capacity, so that the service life curve of. See the standard part in fig. 2.
The tested piece is a single battery with a 60Ah nickel-cobalt-manganese-lithium ternary system laminated structure.
In the environment temperature of 25 +/-2 ℃, constant current charging is firstly carried out on the nickel-cobalt-manganese-lithium monomer battery by adopting the current of 60A until the cut-off voltage is 4.2V, constant voltage charging is carried out by rotating to 4.2V until the current is reduced to 3A, standing is carried out for 30min, constant current discharging is carried out on the nickel-cobalt-manganese-lithium monomer battery by adopting the current of 60A until the cut-off voltage is 2.75V, standing is carried out for 30min, charging and discharging are carried out for 5 times by the method, the discharge capacity is averaged for 5 times, and the capacity value of the nickel-cobalt-manganese-lithium monomer.
In an environment temperature of 25 +/-2 ℃, the SOC of the nickel-cobalt-manganese-lithium single battery is firstly adjusted to 50% by adopting a current of 60A, then the nickel-cobalt-manganese-lithium single battery is subjected to constant current discharge for 10s by adopting the current of 60A, finally the nickel-cobalt-manganese-lithium single battery is subjected to constant current charge for 10s by adopting the current of 60A, and the discharge direct current internal resistance value, the charge direct current internal resistance value and the direct current internal resistance mean value of the nickel-cobalt-manganese-lithium single battery at 25 ℃ are calculated, and are shown in a tested part in a.
In the environment temperature of 25 +/-2 ℃, constant current charging is firstly carried out on the nickel-cobalt-manganese-lithium monomer battery by adopting 60A current until the cut-off voltage is 4.2V, constant voltage charging is carried out by rotating 4.2V until the current is reduced to 3A, the nickel-cobalt-manganese-lithium monomer battery is placed for 30min, then the nickel-cobalt-manganese-lithium monomer battery is placed for 24h in the environment temperature of 0 +/-2 ℃, constant current discharging is carried out on the nickel-cobalt-manganese-lithium monomer battery by adopting 60A current until the cut-off voltage is 2.75V, the nickel-cobalt-manganese-lithium monomer battery is placed for 30min, charging and discharging are carried out for 5 times according to the.
In the environment temperature of 25 +/-2 ℃, the SOC of the nickel-cobalt-manganese-lithium single battery is firstly adjusted to 50% by adopting the current of 60A, then the nickel-cobalt-manganese-lithium single battery is placed for 24 hours in the environment temperature of 0 +/-2 ℃, in the environment, the nickel-cobalt-manganese-lithium single battery is subjected to constant current discharge for 10s by adopting the current of 60A, the nickel-cobalt-manganese-lithium single battery is subjected to constant current charge for 10s by adopting the current of 60A, and the discharge direct current internal resistance value, the charge direct current internal resistance value and the direct current internal resistance mean value of the nickel-cobalt-manganese-lithium single battery at the temperature of.
In the environment temperature of 25 +/-2 ℃, constant current charging is firstly carried out on the nickel-cobalt-manganese-lithium monomer battery by adopting 60A current until the cut-off voltage is 4.2V, constant voltage charging is carried out by rotating 4.2V until the current is reduced to 3A, the nickel-cobalt-manganese-lithium monomer battery is placed for 30min, then the nickel-cobalt-manganese-lithium monomer battery is placed for 24h in the environment temperature of minus 10 +/-2 ℃, constant current discharging is carried out on the nickel-cobalt-manganese-lithium monomer battery by adopting 60A current until the cut-off voltage is 2.75V, the nickel-cobalt-manganese-lithium monomer battery is placed for 30min, 5 times of charging and discharging are carried out according to the method.
In the environment temperature of 25 +/-2 ℃, the SOC of the nickel-cobalt-manganese-lithium single battery is firstly adjusted to 50% by adopting the current of 60A, then the nickel-cobalt-manganese-lithium single battery is placed for 24 hours in the environment temperature of minus 10 +/-2 ℃, in the environment, the nickel-cobalt-manganese-lithium single battery is subjected to constant current discharge for 10s by adopting the current of 60A, the nickel-cobalt-manganese-lithium single battery is subjected to constant current charge for 10s by adopting the current of 60A, and the discharge direct current internal resistance value, the charge direct current internal resistance value and the direct current internal resistance mean value of the nickel-cobalt-manganese-lithium single battery at the temperature of minus.
In the environment temperature of 25 +/-2 ℃, constant current charging is firstly carried out on the nickel-cobalt-manganese-lithium monomer battery by adopting 60A current until the cut-off voltage is 4.2V, constant voltage charging is carried out by rotating 4.2V until the current is reduced to 3A, the nickel-cobalt-manganese-lithium monomer battery is placed for 30min, then the nickel-cobalt-manganese-lithium monomer battery is placed for 24h in the environment temperature of minus 20 +/-2 ℃, constant current discharging is carried out on the nickel-cobalt-manganese-lithium monomer battery by adopting 60A current until the cut-off voltage is 2.75V, the nickel-cobalt-manganese-lithium monomer battery is placed for 30min, 5 times of charging and discharging are carried out according to the method.
In the environment temperature of 25 +/-2 ℃, the SOC of the nickel-cobalt-manganese-lithium single battery is firstly adjusted to 50% by adopting the current of 60A, then the nickel-cobalt-manganese-lithium single battery is placed for 24 hours in the environment temperature of minus 20 +/-2 ℃, in the environment, the nickel-cobalt-manganese-lithium single battery is subjected to constant current discharge for 10s by adopting the current of 60A, the nickel-cobalt-manganese-lithium single battery is subjected to constant current charge for 10s by adopting the current of 60A, and the discharge direct current internal resistance value, the charge direct current internal resistance value and the direct current internal resistance mean value of the nickel-cobalt-manganese-lithium single battery at the temperature of minus.
And performing equivalent operation on the direct-current internal resistance value of the measured piece and the direct-current internal resistance value of the standard piece in the embodiment 1 to obtain an equivalent coefficient n which is 1.078, multiplying the equivalent coefficient by the service life value of the standard piece, and equivalently drawing a service life curve of the measured piece, wherein the part of the measured piece is shown in fig. 2.
Details not described in this specification are within the skill of the art that are well known to those skilled in the art.
Claims (10)
1. A method for detecting the service life of a lithium ion storage battery monomer is characterized by comprising the following steps:
a. measuring the capacity value of the standard component of the single lithium ion storage battery;
b. acquiring direct current internal resistance values of the lithium ion storage battery monomer standard component at different specific temperatures;
c. obtaining a life curve of a single standard part of the lithium ion storage battery;
d. acquiring direct current internal resistance values of the tested lithium ion battery unit at different specific temperatures;
e. calculating the direct current internal resistance change rate of the lithium ion storage battery monomer standard component to the reference temperature at different specific temperatures according to the direct current internal resistance values of the lithium ion storage battery monomer standard component at different specific temperatures;
f. equivalently calculating the direct-current internal resistance value of the measured piece of the lithium ion storage battery at the reference temperature according to the direct-current internal resistance value of the measured piece of the lithium ion storage battery at different temperatures and the direct-current internal resistance change rate of the standard piece;
g. calculating the equivalent coefficient of the measured piece of the lithium ion storage battery monomer and the standard piece of the lithium ion storage battery monomer according to the direct current internal resistance value of the measured piece of the lithium ion storage battery monomer at the reference temperature in the step f and the direct current internal resistance value measured and calculated by the measured piece of the lithium ion storage battery monomer at the reference temperature in the step d;
h. and c, multiplying the equivalent coefficient by the service life value of the standard part according to the service life curve of the standard part of the single lithium ion storage battery measured in the step c, equivalently drawing a service life curve of the single lithium ion storage battery to be measured, and predicting the service life of the single lithium ion storage battery.
2. The method for detecting the life of a lithium ion battery cell according to claim 1, wherein the step a comprises the steps of: in an environment with a specified temperature, fully charging a standard piece of a single lithium ion storage battery by adopting a set current value in a constant-current and constant-voltage manner, standing for 30min, standing for a time corresponding to the specified temperature at different specific temperatures, then respectively carrying out constant-current discharge on the standard piece of the single lithium ion storage battery under different specific current conditions, standing for 30min after the discharge is finished, and measuring battery capacity values corresponding to the standard piece of the single lithium ion storage battery under different specific current conditions at different specific temperatures; and calculating the average value of the battery capacity values of the standard single lithium ion storage battery corresponding to different specific current conditions at a specific temperature as the specific capacity value of the standard single lithium ion storage battery at the specific temperature.
3. The method for detecting the service life of the lithium ion storage battery cell according to claim 2, wherein the same method is adopted in the steps b and d to obtain the direct current internal resistance values of the lithium ion storage battery cell standard component and the tested component at different specific temperatures, and the method specifically comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of firstly adjusting the residual electric quantity of a standard component or a tested component of a single lithium ion storage battery to 50% by adopting a set current value in an environment with a specified temperature, then respectively placing for a time corresponding to the specified temperature at different specific temperatures, respectively carrying out constant current discharge on the standard component or the tested component of the single lithium ion storage battery for 10s by adopting different specific currents, then carrying out constant current charge for 10s by adopting the same specific current value, and measuring to obtain the discharge voltage difference and the charge voltage difference of the standard component or the tested component of the single lithium ion storage battery; according to ohm's law, calculating and obtaining the specific discharging direct current internal resistance and the specific charging direct current internal resistance of the lithium ion storage battery monomer standard component or the tested component corresponding to a specific current at a specific temperature, wherein the average value of the specific discharging direct current internal resistance and the specific charging direct current internal resistance is the specific direct current internal resistance value of the lithium ion storage battery monomer standard component or the tested component corresponding to the specific current at the specific temperature; and calculating the average value of the specific direct current internal resistance values of the lithium ion battery monomer standard component or the tested component corresponding to different specific currents at a certain specific temperature as the specific direct current internal resistance value of the lithium ion battery monomer standard component or the tested component at the specific temperature.
4. The method for detecting the service life of the lithium-ion storage battery cell according to claim 2, wherein the step c specifically comprises the following steps: and performing charge-discharge circulation on the standard single piece of the lithium ion storage battery until the capacity is attenuated to 50% of the initial capacity value so as to obtain a service life curve of the standard single piece of the lithium ion storage battery.
5. The method for detecting the life of a lithium-ion battery cell according to claim 4, wherein: the step c comprises the following steps: and under the environment of the specified temperature, carrying out constant current charging on the standard component of the single lithium ion storage battery to cut-off voltage and limit charging time by adopting a set current value, after the standard component is placed for the specified time, carrying out constant current discharging on the standard component of the single lithium ion storage battery to cut-off voltage and limit discharging time by adopting the set current value, placing the standard component for the specified time, carrying out charge-discharge circulation according to the mode until the capacity is attenuated to 50% of the initial capacity, so as to obtain the service life curve of the standard component of the single lithium ion storage battery under the environment of the specified temperature.
6. The method according to claim 4, wherein in the step e, a value of the specific temperature value is selected as a reference temperature value, and the change rate of the direct current internal resistance at other specific temperatures is a ratio of a specific direct current internal resistance value at the temperature of the lithium ion battery cell standard component to a specific direct current internal resistance value at the reference temperature value.
7. The method according to claim 6, wherein in step f, the equivalent calculation value of the specific DC internal resistance value of the measured piece of the lithium ion battery cell at a specific temperature is the calculation result of dividing the specific DC internal resistance value of the measured piece of the lithium ion battery cell at the specific temperature by the DC internal resistance change rate of the standard piece of the lithium ion battery cell at the specific temperature; the equivalent calculation value of the specific direct current internal resistance value of the tested piece of the lithium ion storage battery at the reference temperature is the average value of the equivalent calculation values of the specific direct current internal resistance values at other specific temperatures.
8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the equivalent coefficient in the step g is a ratio of a specific dc internal resistance measured and calculated by the measured lithium ion battery cell at the reference temperature to an equivalent calculated value of the specific dc internal resistance of the measured lithium ion battery cell at the reference temperature.
9. The method of claim 7, wherein the temperature value of the specific temperature comprises: the temperature is minus 20 ℃, minus 10 ℃, 0 ℃ and 25 ℃, and 25 ℃ is selected as a reference temperature value; setting the specified temperature to 25 +/-2 ℃ or 10 +/-2 ℃ or 30 +/-2 ℃ according to the operating environment; in the steps b and d, when the specified temperature is less than 25 degrees, the corresponding shelf time is 24h, and when the specified temperature is more than 25 degrees, the corresponding shelf time is 16 h; the current value of the specific discharge current comprises the maximum current value, the minimum current value and the set current value of the single standard component of the lithium ion storage battery; the value range of the current is set to be not more than the maximum current value and the minimum current value of the used single lithium ion storage battery standard component and the tested component.
10. The method according to claim 9, wherein the standard lithium ion battery cell and the tested lithium ion battery cell are of the same system and structure.
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