CN111766460B - Method for detecting surface charge of storage battery and battery detection equipment - Google Patents

Method for detecting surface charge of storage battery and battery detection equipment Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111766460B
CN111766460B CN202010674930.0A CN202010674930A CN111766460B CN 111766460 B CN111766460 B CN 111766460B CN 202010674930 A CN202010674930 A CN 202010674930A CN 111766460 B CN111766460 B CN 111766460B
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voltage
storage battery
battery
tested
discharge
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CN111766460A (en
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冯光文
瞿松松
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Autel Intelligent Technology Corp Ltd
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Autel Intelligent Technology Corp Ltd
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Priority to PCT/CN2021/105982 priority patent/WO2022012516A1/en
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R29/00—Arrangements for measuring or indicating electric quantities not covered by groups G01R19/00 - G01R27/00
    • G01R29/24—Arrangements for measuring quantities of charge
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/385—Arrangements for measuring battery or accumulator variables
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention relates to the technical field of batteries, and discloses a method for detecting surface charges of a storage battery and battery detection equipment.

Description

Method for detecting surface charge of storage battery and battery detection equipment
Technical Field
The embodiment of the invention relates to the technical field of batteries, in particular to a method for detecting surface charges of a storage battery and battery detection equipment.
Background
The nature and the structural characteristics of the electrochemical reaction of the lead-acid storage battery lead the lead-acid storage battery to easily generate surface charge in the charging process, the open-circuit voltage of the storage battery with the surface charge is increased, and the virtual high open-circuit voltage is unstable and is not the current real voltage of the storage battery. The measurement of parameters such as SoC and CCA of the storage battery is affected by the virtual high open-circuit voltage, and then the judgment of the battery performance is affected. Therefore, determining in advance whether surface charge is present on the battery, measurement of battery parameters, and maintenance of the battery are of great importance.
In the process of implementing the embodiment of the present invention, the inventors of the present invention find that: currently, whether the surface charge exists is generally determined by judging whether the current open-circuit voltage of the storage battery exceeds a set threshold, however, the storage battery has the possibility of having the surface charge under different open-circuit voltage conditions, so that the method of judging the surface charge only through the open-circuit voltage has misjudgment and omission.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention mainly solves the technical problem of providing a method for detecting surface charges of a storage battery and battery detection equipment, which can quickly and accurately determine whether the storage battery to be detected has the surface charges.
In order to solve the above technical problem, in a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for detecting a surface charge of a storage battery, including:
acquiring initial voltage of a storage battery to be tested;
acquiring a discharge voltage of the storage battery to be tested which is discharged under a preset discharge condition;
acquiring the open-circuit voltage of the battery to be tested after discharging;
and determining whether the surface charge exists in the storage battery to be tested according to the initial voltage, the discharge voltage and the open-circuit voltage.
In some embodiments, the preset discharging condition includes discharging the battery to be tested for a preset time according to a preset discharging current.
In some embodiments, a plurality of first voltages discharged by the storage battery to be tested are collected according to a preset first sampling rate;
determining the discharge voltage to be a minimum value of the plurality of first voltages.
In some embodiments, the method further comprises:
acquiring the battery characteristics of the storage battery to be tested;
the determining whether the surface charge exists in the storage battery to be tested according to the initial voltage, the discharge voltage and the open-circuit voltage comprises the following steps:
determining the voltage drop of the storage battery to be tested according to the initial voltage and the discharge voltage;
determining a voltage recovery parameter of the storage battery to be tested according to the open-circuit voltage and the discharge voltage of the storage battery to be tested;
determining whether the storage battery to be tested has surface charge or not according to the battery characteristics of the storage battery to be tested, the voltage drop, the voltage recovery parameters and a preset mapping relation;
the preset mapping relation comprises a corresponding relation between battery characteristics and voltage parameters, the voltage parameters are determined by the voltage parameters obtained by a sampling storage battery according to the preset discharging condition, the voltage parameters comprise voltage drop and voltage recovery parameters, and the sampling storage battery is a storage battery without surface charge.
In some embodiments, the battery characteristics include at least one of a rated battery capacity, a battery type.
In some embodiments, the voltage recovery parameter comprises at least one of a voltage recovery slope and a recovery voltage.
In some embodiments, the open-circuit voltage includes a plurality of second voltages acquired after the battery to be tested discharges within a preset recovery time period according to a preset second sampling rate;
determining a voltage recovery parameter of the storage battery to be tested according to the open-circuit voltage and the discharge voltage of the storage battery to be tested, wherein the voltage recovery parameter comprises at least one of the following parameters:
determining the voltage recovery slope of the storage battery to be tested according to a second voltage in the middle section of the preset recovery time length, the discharge voltage and the recovery time length corresponding to the second voltage;
determining the recovery voltage according to a maximum value of the plurality of second voltages and the discharge voltage.
In some embodiments, the determining whether the battery to be tested has a surface charge according to the battery characteristics of the battery to be tested, the voltage drop, the voltage recovery parameter, and a preset mapping relationship includes:
determining a voltage parameter corresponding to the battery characteristic in the preset mapping relation;
determining whether the voltage drop of the storage battery to be tested is larger than the voltage drop in the voltage parameter;
if so, determining whether the voltage recovery parameter of the storage battery to be tested is smaller than the voltage recovery parameter in the voltage parameters;
if so, determining that the surface charge exists in the storage battery to be tested;
otherwise, determining that the surface charge of the storage battery to be tested does not exist.
In some embodiments, the preset mapping relationship comprises a correspondence relationship between an initial voltage, a battery characteristic, and a voltage parameter;
the determining whether the storage battery to be tested has surface charge according to the battery characteristics of the storage battery to be tested, the voltage drop, the voltage recovery parameter and a preset mapping relation comprises the following steps:
determining voltage parameters corresponding to the initial voltage and the battery characteristics of the storage battery to be tested in the preset mapping relation;
determining whether the voltage drop of the storage battery to be tested is larger than the voltage drop in the voltage parameter;
if so, determining whether the voltage recovery parameter of the storage battery to be tested is smaller than the voltage recovery parameter in the voltage parameters;
if so, determining that the surface charge exists in the storage battery to be tested;
and otherwise, determining that the surface charge of the storage battery to be tested does not exist.
In order to solve the above technical problem, in a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a battery detection apparatus, including:
the device comprises a first connecting end, a second connecting end, a third connecting end and a fourth connecting end, wherein the first connecting end, the second connecting end, the third connecting end and the fourth connecting end are respectively used for connecting a storage battery to be tested;
the discharging circuit is electrically connected with the storage battery to be tested through the first connecting end and the fourth connecting end and is used for triggering the storage battery to be tested to discharge under a preset discharging condition;
the voltage sampling circuit is electrically connected with the storage battery to be detected through the second connecting end and the third connecting end and is used for detecting the voltages at the two ends of the storage battery to be detected;
a controller electrically connected to the discharge circuit and the voltage sampling circuit, respectively, the controller being configured to perform the method of the first aspect.
In some embodiments, the discharge circuit includes a switching circuit, a load, and a current sampling circuit:
the first end of the switch circuit is connected with the first connecting end, the second end of the switch circuit is connected with the controller, and the third end of the switch circuit is connected with the fourth connecting end through the load;
the first end of the current sampling circuit is connected with the controller, the second end of the current sampling circuit is connected with the load, and the current sampling circuit is used for detecting the discharge current of the storage battery to be detected;
the controller is specifically configured to:
and adjusting the switch circuit according to the discharge current detected by the current sampling circuit so as to discharge the storage battery to be detected under the preset discharge condition.
In some embodiments, the switching circuit comprises a MOS transistor and a first operational amplifier;
the non-inverting input end of the first operational amplifier is connected with the controller, the inverting input end of the first operational amplifier is connected with the source electrode of the MOS tube, the output end of the first operational amplifier is connected with the grid electrode of the MOS tube, the source electrode of the MOS tube is connected with the first end of the load, and the drain electrode of the MOS tube is connected with the first connecting end.
In some embodiments, the discharge circuit further includes a diode, a first terminal of the diode is connected to the first connection terminal, and a second terminal of the diode is connected to the drain of the MOS transistor.
In some embodiments, the current sampling circuit comprises a second operational amplifier, a non-inverting input terminal of the second operational amplifier is connected to the first terminal of the load, an inverting input terminal of the second operational amplifier is connected to the second terminal of the load, and an output terminal of the second operational amplifier is connected to the controller.
In some embodiments, the voltage sampling circuit comprises:
and the non-inverting input end of the third operational amplifier is connected with the second connecting end, the inverting input end of the third operational amplifier is connected with the third connecting end, and the output end of the third operational amplifier is connected with the controller.
The embodiment of the invention has the following beneficial effects: different from the situation in the prior art, the method for detecting surface charges of a storage battery and the battery detection device provided by the embodiment of the invention can be used for obtaining the initial voltage, the discharge voltage and the discharged open-circuit voltage of the storage battery to be detected by controlling the storage battery to be detected to discharge under the preset discharge condition, and can be used for quickly and accurately judging whether the storage battery to be detected has the surface charges according to the initial voltage, the discharge voltage and the open-circuit voltage.
Drawings
One or more embodiments are illustrated by way of example in the accompanying drawings, which correspond to the figures in which like reference numerals refer to similar elements and which are not to scale unless otherwise specified.
Fig. 1 is a schematic circuit diagram of a battery detection system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart illustrating a method for detecting surface charges of a battery according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic sub-flow chart of step 430 of the method of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a schematic sub-flow chart of step 470 of the method of FIG. 2;
FIG. 5 is a schematic sub-flow chart of step 472 of the method of FIG. 4;
FIG. 6 is a sub-flow diagram of step 473 of the method of FIG. 4;
FIG. 7 is another sub-flow diagram of step 473 of the method of FIG. 4;
fig. 8 is a schematic circuit diagram of a battery detection apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic circuit diagram of the discharge circuit and the voltage sampling circuit shown in FIG. 8;
fig. 10 is a schematic circuit connection diagram of a battery detection device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples. The following examples will assist those skilled in the art in further understanding the invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way. It should be noted that variations and modifications can be made by persons skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention. All falling within the scope of the invention.
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more apparent, the present application is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application.
It should be noted that, if not conflicted, the various features of the embodiments of the invention may be combined with each other within the scope of protection of the present application. Additionally, while functional block divisions are performed in apparatus schematics, with logical sequences shown in flowcharts, in some cases, steps shown or described may be performed in sequences other than block divisions in apparatus or flowcharts. Further, the terms "first," "second," "third," and the like, as used herein, do not limit the data and the execution order, but merely distinguish the same items or similar items having substantially the same functions and actions.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used in the description of the invention herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
In addition, the technical features involved in the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
Fig. 1 is a schematic circuit structure diagram of a battery detection system according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 1, the battery test system 300 includes a battery 200 and a test device 100, the test device 100 being electrically connected to the battery 200 for measuring an electrical parameter of the battery 200 and determining whether a surface charge exists on the battery 200.
The secondary battery 200 is a device that directly converts chemical energy into electric energy and performs recharging through a reversible chemical reaction, i.e., internal active materials are regenerated using external electric energy during charging, electric energy is stored as chemical energy, and chemical energy is converted into electric energy again to be output when discharging is required. However, the electrochemical reaction of the battery is relatively slow and does not rapidly convert lead sulfate to lead and lead dioxide during charging. This sluggish electrochemical reaction causes most of the charging activity to occur on the plates, resulting in an external state of charge rise, creating a virtual high open circuit voltage that is unstable and not the current true voltage of the battery, i.e., the battery has surface charge. When the surface charge exists in the storage battery, the measurement of parameters such as SoC and CCA of the storage battery can be influenced, and the judgment of the battery performance is further influenced. Therefore, it is necessary to determine whether surface charge exists in the secondary battery.
The detection device 100 is electrically connected to the battery 200, and for example, the positive and negative electrodes of the battery 200 may be connected by a kelvin connector 201. The detection device 100 is used for measuring electrical parameters of the battery 200, where the electrical parameters include basic parameters such as voltage and current, and may also include parameters derived from the voltage and the current, such as voltage drop, recovery voltage, recovery slope, and the like. Therefore, the detection device 100 can determine whether the surface charge exists in the storage battery 200 according to the electrical parameters and by combining a preset algorithm.
An embodiment of the present invention provides a method for detecting surface charges of a storage battery, which is applied to the detection apparatus 100, and the method may be executed by the detection apparatus 100, with reference to fig. 2, where the method includes:
step 410: and acquiring the initial voltage of the storage battery to be tested.
The initial voltage is a static voltage statcv at the two ends of the storage battery to be detected before discharging, and can be obtained by detecting the voltage at the two ends of the positive electrode and the negative electrode when the storage battery to be detected is in a circuit breaking state before discharging (namely in a static state). It can be understood that the initial voltage is a two-terminal open-circuit voltage collected when the battery to be tested is in a cooling state, so as to avoid the influence of heat generated by the battery due to discharge on the initial voltage, and therefore, the initial voltage is more accurate.
Step 430: and acquiring the discharge voltage of the storage battery to be tested discharging under the preset discharge condition.
The discharge voltage is acquired in the process that the storage battery to be tested discharges under the preset discharge condition, and the voltage is acquired at the two ends of the anode and the cathode of the storage battery to be tested.
In some embodiments, the preset discharging condition includes discharging the battery to be tested for a preset time according to a preset discharging current.
The preset discharging current can be set according to a rated parameter of the storage battery to be tested, for example, the preset discharging current is determined by presetting a corresponding relation between the rated parameter and the preset discharging current and combining the rated parameter. In some embodiments, the preset discharge current may be determined according to a rated current of the battery to be tested, for example, the preset discharge current is smaller than the rated current and occupies a preset percentage of the rated current. If the rated current is larger, the preset percentage can be reduced to reduce the heat generated by the discharge of the storage battery to be tested. It is understood that the preset discharge current may also be set manually according to historical experience values, for example, the preset discharge current is a large current such as 30A, 40A or 50A, and different current noise immunity capabilities are different, and may be set by itself according to noise immunity requirements. In addition, in order to stabilize the preset discharge current to a preset value, a preset value of the preset discharge current is set in the detection apparatus 100, and a voltage signal is output according to a preset discharge current and a current-voltage signal relation table pre-stored in the detection apparatus 100, so as to control the discharge current of the battery to be tested to be equal to the preset discharge current, that is, the current of the discharge loop of the detection apparatus 100 and the battery to be tested 200 is equal to the preset discharge current.
The preset duration refers to the duration of discharging of the storage battery to be tested by using a preset discharging current. The discharge current is a large current, and the preset time is short. In some embodiments, the preset duration is in the order of milliseconds, such as 50ms, 100ms, 150ms, 200ms, or 500 ms. In order to enable the collection of the discharge voltage not to be interfered by the starting of the storage battery to be tested, in some embodiments, the preset time length is greater than or equal to 50ms, so that the discharge voltage can be collected after the storage battery to be tested discharges stably, and errors caused by short discharge time can be avoided. In addition, the discharge time lasts millisecond level, on the one hand, has saved measuring time, can confirm fast whether the battery that awaits measuring has surface charge, has improved detection efficiency, and on the other hand, the discharge time is short, can avoid the battery that awaits measuring produces a large amount of heats to, at the in-process that detects, do not need extra heat abstractor.
In order to make the discharge voltage more accurate and suitable, in some embodiments, referring to fig. 3, the step 430 specifically includes:
step 431: and collecting a plurality of first voltages discharged by the storage battery to be tested according to a preset first sampling rate.
Step 432: determining the discharge voltage to be a minimum value of the plurality of first voltages.
The plurality of first voltages are obtained by sampling the discharge voltage in a preset discharge time of the storage battery to be tested according to a first sampling rate. For example, within a preset discharge time of the battery to be tested for 50ms, 50 first voltages are collected at a first sampling rate of 1ms, and the minimum value minV of the 50 first voltages is obtained 1 As the discharge voltage. It can be understood that the determination that the discharge voltage is the minimum value of the plurality of first voltages is to facilitate subsequent evaluation of the voltage recovery condition of the battery to be tested, so as to prevent the abnormal and large discharge voltage from interfering with the voltage recovery condition and affecting judgment.
Specifically, the preset time duration is accumulated in a timer mode, and when the discharge time of the storage battery to be tested reaches the preset time duration, the timer reaches a set stop threshold value and triggers the storage battery to be tested to stop discharging. And counting according to a preset first sampling rate in the preset time length, namely in the discharging process of the storage battery to be detected, for example, sampling for one time at every preset first sampling rate, and stopping sampling until the counter reaches a stop threshold set in the timer. In some embodiments, before starting the timer and the counter, the method further comprises: the detection device 100 is initialized.
In this embodiment, through gathering the battery that awaits measuring discharges and predetermines a plurality of first voltages in the duration, and will minimum in a plurality of first voltages is regarded as discharge voltage, convenient follow-up accurate aassessment of ability the voltage recovery condition of battery that awaits measuring to prevent that the unusual great discharge voltage from forming the interference to the voltage recovery condition, influencing the judgement.
Step 450: and acquiring the open-circuit voltage of the storage battery to be tested after discharging.
The open-circuit voltage is acquired after the battery to be tested discharges under a preset discharge condition, and the voltage at the two ends of the anode and the cathode of the battery to be tested is acquired. It is understood that, in some embodiments, the open-circuit voltage may be collected at a preset second sampling rate within a preset recovery time period after stopping discharging, that is, the open-circuit voltage includes a plurality of second voltages collected after discharging of the battery to be tested at the preset second sampling rate within the preset recovery time period. For example, within 500ms (preset recovery time) after the discharge of the battery to be tested stops, 50 second voltages are collected at a second sampling rate of 10 ms. It should be noted that, in order to meet the voltage recovery characteristics of the discharged storage battery, the preset recovery time may be greater than or equal to 100ms, so that the storage battery to be tested has a sufficient recovery time, and the preset recovery time should be less than 1min, so as to prevent the collected second voltages (open-circuit voltages) from being voltages after excessive recovery, and thus, the open-circuit voltage is more accurate.
In this embodiment, by collecting the plurality of second voltages after the discharge of the battery to be tested, the open-circuit voltage includes the plurality of second voltages, which is beneficial to subsequently and accurately evaluating the voltage recovery condition of the battery to be tested.
Step 470: and determining whether the surface charge exists in the storage battery to be tested according to the initial voltage, the discharge voltage and the open-circuit voltage.
And determining the discharging condition and the voltage recovery condition of the storage battery to be tested according to the initial voltage, the discharging voltage and the open-circuit voltage. Because the storage battery with the surface charge has the virtual high open-circuit voltage, the discharging condition and the voltage recovery condition of the storage battery are different from those of the storage battery without the surface charge, and therefore, whether the surface charge exists in the storage battery to be tested can be determined according to the discharging condition and the voltage recovery condition of the storage battery to be tested. Namely, whether the surface charge exists is determined from the two aspects of the discharging condition and the voltage recovery condition, so that the judgment is more accurate, and the misjudgment and the missed judgment are reduced.
In some embodiments, the method 400 further comprises:
step 420: and acquiring the battery characteristics of the storage battery to be tested.
The battery characteristics refer to specific attributes of the storage battery, such as factory parameters, rated parameters (e.g., rated voltage), and the like of the storage battery. In some embodiments, the battery characteristics include at least one of a rated battery capacity, a battery type. For example, when the battery feature includes a battery type, the battery feature may be an AGM type battery, an EFB type battery, or a floded type battery. When the battery characteristics include a rated battery capacity, the rated battery capacity may be a capacity interval or a capacity representative value, for example, 150Ah, 140Ah, 130Ah, 120Ah, or the like. When the battery characteristics include a battery type and a rated battery capacity, the battery characteristics are a combination of the battery type and the rated battery capacity, for example, AGM type batteries of 150Ah, 140Ah, 130Ah, 120Ah, and so on, the characteristic properties of the secondary battery can be refined.
Based on the battery characteristics, in some embodiments, referring to fig. 4, the step 470 specifically includes:
step 471: and determining the voltage drop of the storage battery to be tested according to the initial voltage and the discharge voltage.
And the voltage drop deltaV of the storage battery to be tested is the difference value between the initial voltage statCV and the discharge voltage. It is understood that the discharge voltage may be the minimum value minV of the plurality of first voltages 1 I.e., deltaV = static V-minV 1 Thus, the maximum pressure drop deltaV can be obtained.
Step 472: and determining a voltage recovery parameter of the storage battery to be tested according to the open-circuit voltage and the discharge voltage of the storage battery to be tested.
The voltage recovery parameters are parameters representing the voltage recovery condition after the storage battery is discharged, such as the speed of voltage recovery, the degree of voltage recovery and the like. According to the open-circuit voltage (voltage at two ends after discharging) of the to-be-detected electric power storage and the discharge voltage, the voltage recovery speed and the voltage recovery degree (voltage recovery parameters) of the to-be-detected storage battery can be determined.
In some embodiments, the voltage recovery parameter comprises at least one of a voltage recovery slope and a recovery voltage. That is, the voltage recovery slope can be used to characterize the voltage recovery after the battery discharge, and in this embodiment, the voltage recovery after the battery discharge is characterized by the speed of the voltage recovery. The recovery voltage can also be used to characterize the voltage recovery after discharging the battery, and in this embodiment, the voltage recovery after discharging the battery is characterized by the degree of voltage recovery. It will be appreciated that in some embodiments, the voltage recovery slope and the recovery voltage may also be used to characterize the voltage recovery after discharge of the battery.
To determine the voltage recovery slope and/or the recovery voltage, in some embodiments, referring to fig. 5, the step 472 includes at least one of the following steps 4721 and 4722:
step 4721: and determining the voltage recovery slope of the storage battery to be tested according to a second voltage in the middle section of the preset recovery time length, the discharge voltage and the recovery time length corresponding to the second voltage.
The second voltage in the middle section of the preset recovery time period is the voltage at two ends of the middle section of the preset recovery time period, wherein the second voltage is acquired after the discharge of the storage battery to be tested is stopped. The middle section of the preset recovery time length is a time period from the recovery for a certain time to the end of the recovery. The recovery duration corresponding to the second voltage is a time difference between the time when the second voltage is collected and the time when the discharge is cut off.
For example, when the preset recovery time is 500ms, it can be takenAnd the second voltage in the period of 20% -80% of the preset recovery time is used for determining the voltage recovery slope. For example, if the second voltage corresponding to 100ms after the stop of the discharge is taken, the difference between the second voltage and the discharge voltage when the voltage recovery slope s is 100ms is longer than the recovery time (100 ms) corresponding to the second voltage, that is, the voltage recovery slope s = (the second voltage at 100ms — the discharge voltage minV at 100 ms) = 1 )/100. It is understood that the range of the middle section may also be 30% -70%, and the specific range may be determined according to the actual discharge condition, and it is determined that the battery is in the voltage recovery period in the middle section.
In this embodiment, the second voltage at the middle stage is taken, the recovery slope is calculated, and it can be further determined that the second voltage is the voltage in the voltage recovery period, so that the recovery slope is more accurate, and errors caused by unstable voltage recovery of the front stage and the tail stage in the voltage recovery period are avoided.
Step 4722: determining the recovery voltage according to a maximum value of the plurality of second voltages and the discharge voltage.
The recovery voltage is a recovery value relative to the discharge voltage after the discharge is finished, namely a difference value between the voltage after the discharge and the discharge voltage. Maximum value maxV in the plurality of second voltages 2 And the difference with the discharge voltage is used as the recovery voltage for representing the recovery degree of the voltage. It is understood that, in order to make the recovery voltage more accurate, the discharge voltage is the minimum value minV among the plurality of first voltages described above 1 That is, the maximum recovery voltage maxV, i.e., maxV = (maxV), can be obtained 2 -minV 1 ). It is understood that, according to the battery voltage recovery characteristic, as the recovery time increases, the second voltage is larger in the preset recovery period, and thus, the maximum value maxV of the plurality of second voltages is 2 May be the second voltage at the expiration of the preset recovery period, e.g., when the preset recovery period is 500ms, the maxV 2 Which is the second voltage at 500 ms.
In this embodiment, the maximum value of the plurality of second voltages is taken, the recovery voltage is calculated,the recovery voltage can be more accurate, so that errors caused by different storage battery voltage recovery rhythms can be prevented. For example, some storage batteries recover quickly in the early stage of recovery and recover slowly in the later stage of recovery, some storage batteries may recover slowly in the early stage of recovery and recover quickly in the later stage of recovery, if a second voltage corresponding to a certain recovery time is adopted, an error is brought, the voltage recovery condition of the storage battery cannot be truly reflected, and the maximum value maxV in the plurality of second voltages is adopted 2 Therefore, the error is avoided, and the voltage recovery condition of the storage battery can be accurately reflected.
Step 473: and determining whether the storage battery to be tested has surface charge or not according to the battery characteristics, the voltage drop, the voltage recovery parameters and a preset mapping relation of the storage battery to be tested.
The preset mapping relation is established in advance, the preset mapping relation comprises a corresponding relation between battery characteristics and voltage parameters, the voltage parameters are determined by voltage parameters obtained by sampling storage batteries according to the preset discharging conditions, the voltage parameters comprise voltage drop and voltage recovery parameters, and the sampling storage batteries are storage batteries without surface charges.
In the preset mapping relationship, each battery characteristic has a corresponding relationship with a voltage parameter, for example, when the battery characteristic includes a rated battery capacity, the batteries with rated battery capacities, such as 150Ah, 140Ah, 130Ah, 120Ah, etc., have respective corresponding voltage parameters. Therefore, when the battery characteristics of the storage battery to be detected are determined, the corresponding voltage parameters can be obtained after the battery characteristics corresponding to the battery characteristics of the storage battery to be detected are searched in the preset mapping relation.
The voltage parameters are determined by sampling voltage parameters obtained by the storage battery according to the preset discharging conditions, the voltage parameters comprise voltage drop and voltage recovery parameters, and the sampling storage battery is a storage battery without surface charges. The sampling storage battery has no surface charge, and the voltage parameter of the sampling storage battery can be used as a reference for judgment. It can be understood that, before collecting the voltage parameter of the sampling storage battery, the operation of eliminating the surface charge may be performed on the sampling storage battery, so as to ensure that the sampling storage battery has no surface charge, so that the voltage parameter has a reference for judgment.
When the preset mapping relationship is constructed, the sampled storage batteries are classified according to the battery characteristics, the initial voltage, the discharge voltage and the discharged open-circuit voltage of the sampled storage batteries can be obtained according to the steps 410 to 450, the voltage parameters (voltage drop and voltage recovery parameters) of the sampled storage batteries are calculated according to the steps 471 and 472, and the voltage parameters of the sampled storage batteries are recorded in the preset mapping relationship.
Therefore, after the voltage parameters (voltage drop and voltage recovery parameters) corresponding to the battery characteristics of the storage battery to be tested are obtained in the mapping relation, whether the storage battery to be tested has surface charges or not can be determined by comparing and analyzing the voltage drop and voltage recovery parameters of the storage battery to be tested and the corresponding voltage drop and voltage recovery parameters.
In this embodiment, for each battery feature, according to the voltage drop and the voltage recovery parameter of the battery to be tested and the voltage drop and the voltage recovery parameter of the corresponding sampling battery without surface charge, whether the battery to be tested has surface charge can be determined quickly and accurately.
Specifically, in some embodiments, referring to fig. 6, the step 473 further includes:
step 4731a: and determining a voltage parameter corresponding to the battery characteristic in the preset mapping relation.
And finding out voltage parameters corresponding to the battery characteristics of the storage battery to be detected in the preset mapping relation through battery characteristic matching, wherein the voltage parameters comprise voltage drop and voltage recovery parameters, and the voltage drop and voltage recovery parameters corresponding to the storage battery to be detected are further determined.
Step 4732a: and determining whether the voltage drop of the storage battery to be tested is larger than the voltage drop in the voltage parameter, if so, executing a step 4733a.
Step 4733a: determining whether the voltage recovery parameter of the battery to be tested is smaller than the voltage recovery parameter in the voltage parameters, if so, executing a step 4734a, otherwise, executing a step 4735a.
Step 4734a: determining that the surface charge exists in the storage battery to be tested.
Step 4735a: determining that the battery to be tested does not have surface charge.
If the voltage drop of the storage battery to be tested is greater than the voltage drop in the voltage parameter, it is indicated that the storage battery to be tested has a higher initial voltage, which may be a virtual high initial voltage, and therefore, it is necessary to further determine in combination with a voltage recovery condition, that is, to determine whether the voltage recovery parameter of the storage battery to be tested is less than the voltage recovery parameter in the voltage parameter. If the voltage recovery parameter of the storage battery to be detected is smaller than the voltage recovery parameter in the voltage parameters, namely the voltage recovery slope is smaller than the voltage recovery slope of the corresponding sampling storage battery, it is indicated that the voltage recovery of the storage battery to be detected is slow and/or the recovery voltage is smaller than the recovery voltage of the corresponding sampling storage battery, and it is indicated that the voltage recovery degree is low, so that the existence of the surface charge in the storage battery to be detected can be determined, and otherwise, the existence of the surface charge in the storage battery to be detected is determined.
In this embodiment, the voltage drop and the voltage recovery parameter of the storage battery to be detected are determined by controlling the storage battery to be detected to discharge under the preset discharge condition, and then, according to the battery characteristics, the voltage drop and the voltage recovery parameter of the storage battery to be detected and the preset mapping relation, whether the storage battery to be detected has surface charges can be rapidly and accurately judged, so that the accuracy of later detection of the storage battery is facilitated. That is, whether the surface charge exists is determined from the two aspects of the discharging condition and the voltage recovery condition, so that the judgment is more accurate, and the misjudgment are reduced.
In order to make the preset mapping relationship more accurate, the influence of the initial voltage of the storage battery on the voltage parameter is considered, and in some embodiments, the preset mapping relationship includes a corresponding relationship between the initial voltage, the battery characteristic and the voltage parameter. As shown in table 1, which shows one way of the preset mapping relationship, a sampling storage battery is selected at intervals of 10Ah, the rated voltage of the sampling storage battery is 12V, a test voltage is selected at intervals of 0.5V within a range of the test voltage 8V to 13.1V, an initial voltage, a discharge voltage and an open-circuit voltage under the test voltage are measured according to steps 410 to 450 under one test voltage, and voltage parameters (a voltage drop deltaV, a voltage recovery slope s and a recovery voltage maxV) are calculated and obtained according to steps 471 and 472 and recorded. For example, for a sampled storage battery with a battery characteristic of 150Ah, the storage battery is discharged to 8V, according to steps 410 to 450, initial voltage, discharge voltage and open-circuit voltage under the test voltage are measured, according to steps 471 and 472, voltage parameters (voltage drop deltaV, voltage recovery slope s and recovery voltage maxV) are obtained and recorded through calculation, then constant current charging is performed, so that the voltage of the sampled storage battery is increased to the next test voltage (for example, 8.5V), the above operations are immediately repeated, and the voltage parameters (voltage drop deltaV, voltage recovery slope s and recovery voltage maxV) under the test voltage are recorded. And by analogy, the preset mapping relation is established in the same way as above for different battery characteristics.
TABLE 1 Preset mapping relationships
Figure BDA0002583705700000151
It should be noted that the interval may also be other values, such as 0.3V, 0.4V, or 0.6V, and may be set manually according to practical experience. The test voltage range can also be other interval values, such as 20V-25V, and the like, and can be determined according to the rated voltage of the sampling storage battery.
It should be noted that, in the preset mapping relationship, the voltage recovery parameter includes at least one of the voltage recovery slope s and the recovery voltage maxV, and the preset mapping relationship in table 1 is only an exemplary illustration.
In this embodiment, referring to fig. 7, the step 473 specifically includes:
step 4731b: and determining voltage parameters corresponding to the initial voltage and the battery characteristics of the storage battery to be tested in the preset mapping relation.
And finding out voltage parameters corresponding to the initial voltage and the battery characteristics in the preset mapping relation through initial voltage and battery characteristic matching. For example, if the initial voltage of the battery to be tested is 12.3V, the rated battery capacity is 150Ah, the initial voltage is 12.3V and is located to the voltage interval [12.0,12.5 ], that is, the 3 rd row in table 1, and the rated battery capacity is 150Ah and is located to the 5 th to 7 th columns in table 1, and the 5 th to 7 th columns in the table record the corresponding voltage parameters (deltaV 0, s0, maxV 0) in sequence.
Step 4732b: and determining whether the voltage drop of the storage battery to be tested is larger than the voltage drop in the voltage parameter, if so, executing a step 4733b.
Step 4733b: determining whether the voltage recovery parameter of the battery to be tested is smaller than the voltage recovery parameter in the voltage parameters, if so, executing a step 4734b, otherwise, executing a step 4735b.
Step 4734b, determining that the surface charge exists in the battery to be tested.
Step 4735b: determining that the battery to be tested does not have surface charge.
If the voltage drop of the storage battery to be tested is greater than the voltage drop in the voltage parameter, it is indicated that the storage battery to be tested has a higher initial voltage, which may be a virtual high initial voltage, and therefore, it is necessary to further determine in combination with a voltage recovery condition, that is, to determine whether the voltage recovery parameter of the storage battery to be tested is less than the voltage recovery parameter in the voltage parameter. If the voltage recovery parameter of the storage battery to be detected is smaller than the voltage recovery parameter in the voltage parameters, namely the voltage recovery slope is smaller than the voltage recovery slope of the corresponding sampling storage battery, the voltage recovery of the storage battery to be detected is slow and/or the recovery voltage is smaller than the recovery voltage of the corresponding sampling storage battery, the voltage recovery degree is low, and therefore the storage battery to be detected can be determined to have surface charge, otherwise, the storage battery to be detected is determined not to have surface charge.
For example, in the example of step 4731b, the voltage drop deltaV of the battery under test is measured 0 Corresponding deltaV for comparison, when deltaV 0 When the voltage is less than deltaV, the voltage of the storage battery to be tested is recovered to the slope s 0 Comparing the voltage with the corresponding s, and/or comparing the recovery voltage maxV of the storage battery to be tested 0 Compared with the corresponding maxV if s 0 < s and/or maxV 0 If the measured storage battery has the surface charge, determining that the storage battery to be measured has the surface charge, otherwise, determining that the storage battery to be measured has no surface charge.
In this embodiment, the voltage drop and the voltage recovery parameter of the storage battery to be detected are determined by controlling the storage battery to be detected to discharge under the preset discharge condition, and then, according to the battery characteristics, the initial voltage, the voltage drop, the voltage recovery parameter and the preset mapping relation of the storage battery to be detected, whether the storage battery to be detected has surface charges can be quickly and accurately judged, so that the accuracy of the later detection of the storage battery is facilitated. That is, based on the battery characteristics and the initial voltage, whether the surface charge exists is determined from the discharging condition and the voltage recovery condition, so that the judgment is more accurate, and the misjudgment and the missed judgment are reduced.
The method for detecting the surface charge of the storage battery in the embodiment of the invention detects the initial voltage, the discharge voltage and the open-circuit voltage after discharge of the storage battery, and determines whether the surface charge exists in the storage battery to be detected according to the initial voltage, the discharge voltage and the open-circuit voltage. Therefore, any suitable device that can detect the voltage across the secondary battery and the discharge voltage is applicable, for example, the battery detection device in the following embodiments of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a schematic circuit structure diagram of a battery detection device according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 9, the battery test apparatus 100 is electrically connected to a battery 200 to be tested, and the battery test apparatus 100 includes a discharge circuit 10, a voltage sampling circuit 20, and a controller 30.
As shown in fig. 9, the battery detection apparatus 100 includes a first connection end 101, a second connection end 102, a third connection end 103, and a fourth connection end 104, where the first connection end 101, the second connection end 102, the third connection end 103, and the fourth connection end 104 are respectively used for connecting the battery to be tested. In this embodiment, the first connection end 101 and the second connection end 102 are both electrically connected to the positive electrode of the battery 200 to be tested, and the third connection end 103 and the fourth connection end 104 are both electrically connected to the negative electrode of the battery 200 to be tested. In some embodiments, the first connection terminal 101, the second connection terminal 102, the third connection terminal 103, and the fourth connection terminal 104 may also be kelvin connectors, i.e., the battery test apparatus 100 is electrically connected to the battery under test 200 through the kelvin connectors, wiring may be eliminated, and resistance generated by contact connection when current flows through the positive electrode or the negative electrode of the battery under test 100 may be eliminated.
For the discharge circuit 10, the battery 200 to be tested is electrically connected through the first connection end 101 and the fourth connection end 104, and is used for triggering the battery 200 to be tested to discharge. When the discharging circuit 10 is in a conducting state, the discharging circuit 10 and the battery 200 to be tested form a discharging loop to trigger the battery 100 to be tested to discharge.
In some embodiments, referring to fig. 9, the discharge circuit 10 includes a switch circuit 11, a load 12, and a current sampling circuit 13.
The first end of the switch circuit 11 is connected to the first connection end 104, the second end of the switch circuit 11 is connected to the controller 30, and the third end of the switch circuit 11 is connected to the fourth connection end 104 through the load 12, so as to close or open a discharge loop among the switch circuit 11, the load 12, and the battery 200 to be tested according to a voltage signal sent by the controller 30, and adjust the conduction degree of the discharge loop.
The first end of the current sampling circuit 13 is connected to the controller 30, the second end of the current sampling circuit 13 is connected to the load 12, and the current sampling circuit 13 is used for detecting the current in a discharging loop formed by the switch circuit 11, the load 12 and the battery 200 to be tested, namely the discharging current of the battery 200 to be tested.
The controller 30 adjusts the switch circuit 11 according to the magnitude of the discharge current detected by the current sampling circuit 20, so that the battery 200 to be tested discharges under the preset discharge condition, wherein the preset discharge condition includes a preset discharge duration for discharging the battery 200 to be tested according to the preset discharge current.
In some embodiments, referring to fig. 10, the switch circuit 11 includes a MOS transistor Q and a first operational amplifier U1, a non-inverting input terminal of the first operational amplifier U1 is connected to the controller 30 (DAC port of the single chip U4), an inverting input terminal of the first operational amplifier U1 is connected to a source of the MOS transistor Q, an output terminal of the first operational amplifier U1 is connected to a gate of the MOS transistor Q, the source of the MOS transistor Q is connected to the first end of the load 12, and a drain of the MOS transistor Q is connected to the first connection end 101. The second end of the load 12 is connected to the fourth connection end 104, and the fourth connection end 104 is electrically connected to the negative electrode of the battery 200 to be tested.
When the MOS transistor Q is turned off, the voltage of the first end of the load 12 and the source voltage of the MOS transistor Q are both the negative voltage of the battery 200 to be tested, that is, the negative voltage is input to the inverting input terminal of the first operational amplifier U1. When the controller 30 sends a voltage signal to the non-inverting input terminal of the first operational amplifier U1, the first operational amplifier U1 processes the voltage signal and the negative voltage, and outputs a first driving signal to the gate of the MOS transistor Q, so that a voltage difference V is formed between the gate and the source of the MOS transistor Q GS . Wherein a magnitude of the first driving signal is related to a magnitude of the voltage signal. Further adjusting the first drive signal by adjusting the voltage signal such that the voltage difference V is GS When the voltage is greater than the turn-on voltage of the MOS transistor Q, the MOS transistor Q is turned on, and the discharge loop generates current, that is, the battery 200 to be tested starts to discharge.
When the MOS transistor Q is turned on, a discharge current flows through the load 12, the voltage at the first end of the load 12 increases, that is, the voltage at the first end of the load 12 is equivalent to the voltage drop value of the load 12, and the voltage drop value of the load 12 is sent to the inverting input terminal of the first operational amplifier U1 as a voltage drop signal. Due to the negative feedback effect of the first operational amplifier U1, after the voltage signal and the voltage drop signal are processed by the first operational amplifier U1, a stable second driving signal is output to the gate of the MOS transistor Q. Under the action of the stable second driving signal, the conduction degree of the MOS tube Q is certain, and the channel internal resistance of the MOS tube Q is stable, so that the stability of the discharge current in the discharge loop can be ensured. In addition, the magnitude of the second driving signal is related to the magnitude of the voltage signal emitted by the controller 30, so that a stable discharge current with a corresponding magnitude can be obtained by adjusting the voltage signal emitted by the controller 30.
In some embodiments, the load 12 includes a resistor, a first end of the resistor is electrically connected to the source of the MOS transistor Q, and a second end of the resistor is electrically connected to the fourth connection terminal 104. The resistance value of the resistor can be set according to actual conditions, for example, the resistance value of the resistor is 10m Ω, so that the discharge current of the storage battery 200 to be tested is a large current.
In some embodiments, the current sampling circuit 13 includes a second operational amplifier U2, a non-inverting input of the second operational amplifier U2 is connected to the first end of the load 12, an inverting input of the second operational amplifier U2 is connected to the second end of the load 12, and an output of the second operational amplifier U2 is connected to the controller. Therefore, the voltage at the first end of the load 12 is input to the non-inverting end of the second operational amplifier U2, the voltage at the second end of the load 12 is input to the inverting end of the second operational amplifier U2, the voltage at the two ends of the load 12 is obtained after being processed by the second operational amplifier U2, and is sent to the controller 30, and the controller 30 can determine the current flowing through the load 12, that is, the discharge current in the discharge loop, according to the resistance value of the load 12 and the voltage at the two ends of the load 12.
In some embodiments, the discharge circuit 10 further includes a diode D1, a first end of the diode D1 is connected to the first connection end 101, a second end of the diode D1 is connected to the drain of the MOS transistor Q, and the diode D1 is configured to prevent the discharge current from flowing back to the battery 200 to be tested. When the first connection end 101 is connected with the anode of the battery 200 to be tested, the anode of the diode D1 is connected with the first connection end 101, the cathode of the diode D1 is connected with the drain of the MOS transistor Q, and by using the one-way conductivity of the diode D1, in the discharge circuit, the discharge current always flows from the anode of the battery 200 to be tested through the MOS transistor Q and the load 12 and finally flows back to the cathode of the battery 200 to be tested, so that the current is prevented from flowing backwards and the battery 200 to be tested is burnt.
For the voltage sampling circuit 20, the battery 200 to be tested is electrically connected through the second connection terminal 102 and the third connection terminal 103, and is used for detecting the voltage at two ends of the battery 200 to be tested. When the discharge circuit 10 is in a disconnected state, the voltage at the two ends of the battery 200 to be tested collected by the voltage sampling circuit 20 is an open-circuit voltage, when the discharge circuit 10 is in a connected state, the battery 200 to be tested discharges, and the voltage at the two ends of the battery 200 to be tested collected by the voltage sampling circuit 20 is a discharge voltage.
In some embodiments, the voltage sampling circuit 20 includes a third operational amplifier U3, a non-inverting input terminal of the third operational amplifier U3 is connected to the second connection terminal 102, an inverting input terminal of the third operational amplifier U3 is connected to the third connection terminal 103, and an output terminal of the third operational amplifier U3 is connected to the controller 30. In this embodiment, the second connection terminal 102 is connected to the positive electrode of the battery 200 to be tested, the third connection terminal 103 is connected to the negative electrode of the battery 200 to be tested, and the voltage collected by the third operational amplifier U3 is the voltage at the two ends of the battery 200 to be tested.
The controller 30 is electrically connected to the discharge circuit 10 and the voltage sampling circuit 20, and the controller 30 is configured to execute the method for detecting the surface charge of the battery in any of the above method embodiments.
As shown in fig. 10, the controller 30 includes a single chip microcomputer U4, the single chip microcomputer U4 can adopt 51 series, arduino series, STM32 series, etc., and the single chip microcomputer U4 includes a DAC port, an ADC1 port, and an ADC2 port. The DAC port of the single chip microcomputer U4 is electrically connected with the non-inverting input end of the first operational amplifier U1, the ADC1 port of the single chip microcomputer U4 is electrically connected with the output end of the second operational amplifier U2, and the ADC2 port of the single chip microcomputer U4 is electrically connected with the output end of the third operational amplifier U3.
In other embodiments, the controller 30 may also be a general purpose processor, a Digital Signal Processor (DSP), an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), an ARM (Acorn RISC Machine) or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination of these components; but in the alternative, the processor may be any conventional processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine; or as a combination of computing devices, e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration.
In summary, the working process of the battery detection apparatus 100 is as follows:
(1) When the discharging circuit 10 is disconnected, the storage battery 200 to be tested is not discharged, and the third operational amplifier U3 performs signal processing on the voltage at the two ends of the storage battery 200 to be tested, so as to obtain the initial voltage of the storage battery 200 to be tested.
(2) The DAC port of the single chip microcomputer U4 outputs a voltage signal to the non-inverting input end of the first operational amplifier U1, the source voltage of the MOS tube Q is input to the inverting input end of the first operational amplifier U1, and at the moment, the source voltage of the MOS tube Q is the cathode voltage of the storage battery 200 to be tested. The first operational amplifier U1 performs signal processing on a voltage signal input by a non-inverting input end and a negative voltage input by an inverting input end to obtain a first driving signal, wherein the magnitude of the first driving signal is related to the magnitude of the voltage signal. The first driving signal acts on the grid electrode of the MOS tube Q, so that a voltage difference V is formed between the grid electrode and the source electrode of the MOS tube Q GS . Further adjusting the first drive signal by adjusting the voltage signal such that the voltage difference V is GS When the voltage is larger than or equal to the conduction voltage of the MOS tube Q, the MOS tube Q is conducted, and the amplifier is connected with the MOS tube QThe electrical circuit generates a current, i.e. the battery 200 to be tested starts to discharge.
When the MOS transistor Q is turned on, a discharge current flows through the load 12, the voltage at the first end of the load 12 increases, that is, the voltage at the first end of the load 12 is equivalent to the voltage drop value of the load 12, and the voltage drop value of the load 12 is sent to the inverting input terminal of the first operational amplifier U1 as a voltage drop signal. Due to the negative feedback effect of the first operational amplifier U1, after the voltage signal and the voltage drop signal are processed by the first operational amplifier U1, a stable second driving signal is output to the gate of the MOS transistor Q. Under the action of the second stable driving signal, the battery 200 to be tested discharges with a stable discharging current, wherein the discharging current is related to the second driving signal, and further, the discharging current is related to the voltage signal input by the controller 30. Therefore, the voltage signal can be adjusted to enable the storage battery 200 to be tested to discharge for a preset time according to a preset discharge current.
When the storage battery 200 to be tested discharges with the preset discharging current, the storage battery 200 to be tested generates a discharging voltage. And the third operational amplifier U3 performs signal processing on the discharge voltage to obtain the discharge voltage, and sends the discharge voltage to an ADC2 port of the singlechip U4.
When the discharge time reaches the preset duration, the voltage signal is stopped being output or adjusted, so that the voltage difference V between the grid and the source of the MOS transistor Q GS And when the voltage is smaller than the on-state voltage of the MOS tube Q, the MOS tube Q is cut off, the discharging loop of the storage battery 200 to be tested is cut off, and the storage battery 200 to be tested stops discharging.
(3) After the storage battery 200 to be tested stops discharging, the third operational amplifier U3 performs signal processing on the voltage at the two ends of the storage battery 200 to be tested, so as to obtain the open-circuit voltage of the storage battery 200 to be tested after discharging.
(4) And the singlechip U4 determines whether the storage battery to be tested has surface charge or not according to the initial voltage, the discharge voltage and the open-circuit voltage.
The battery detection device further comprises a memory, or the controller is integrated with the memory, and the memory is used as a nonvolatile computer readable storage medium and can be used for storing nonvolatile software programs, nonvolatile computer executable programs and modules, such as program instructions corresponding to the method for detecting the surface charge of the storage battery in the embodiment of the invention. The controller executes various functional applications and data processing of the battery detection device by running a nonvolatile software program and instructions stored in the memory, namely, the method for detecting the surface charge of the storage battery in the method embodiment is realized.
The battery detection device can execute the method provided by the embodiment of the invention, for example, the method for detecting the surface charge of the storage battery in fig. 2-7, and has corresponding functional modules and beneficial effects of the execution method. For technical details that are not described in detail in this embodiment, reference may be made to the method provided by the embodiment of the present invention.
Through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art will clearly understand that each embodiment can be implemented by software plus a general hardware platform, and certainly can also be implemented by hardware. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that all or part of the processes of the methods of the embodiments described above can be implemented by hardware related to instructions of a computer program, which can be stored in a computer readable storage medium, and when executed, can include the processes of the embodiments of the methods described above. The storage medium may be a magnetic disk, an optical disk, a Read-Only Memory (ROM), a Random Access Memory (RAM), or the like.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit it; within the idea of the invention, also technical features in the above embodiments or in different embodiments may be combined, steps may be implemented in any order, and there are many other variations of the different aspects of the invention as described above, which are not provided in detail for the sake of brevity; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims (15)

1. A method of detecting surface charge of a battery, comprising:
acquiring initial voltage of a storage battery to be tested;
acquiring a discharge voltage of the storage battery to be tested which is discharged under a preset discharge condition;
acquiring the open-circuit voltage of the storage battery to be tested after discharging;
determining the voltage drop of the storage battery to be tested according to the initial voltage and the discharge voltage;
determining a voltage recovery parameter of the storage battery to be tested according to the open-circuit voltage and the discharge voltage of the storage battery to be tested;
and determining whether the storage battery to be tested has surface charge or not according to the voltage drop and the voltage recovery parameter.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the preset discharging condition comprises discharging the battery under test at a preset discharging current for a preset time period.
3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the obtaining of the discharge voltage of the battery under test discharged under the preset discharge condition comprises:
collecting a plurality of first voltages discharged by the storage battery to be tested according to a preset first sampling rate;
determining the discharge voltage to be a minimum value of the plurality of first voltages.
4. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
acquiring the battery characteristics of the storage battery to be tested;
the step of determining whether the surface charge exists in the storage battery to be tested according to the voltage drop and the voltage recovery parameter comprises the following steps:
determining whether the storage battery to be tested has surface charge or not according to the battery characteristics, the voltage drop and the voltage recovery parameters of the storage battery to be tested and a preset mapping relation;
the preset mapping relation comprises a corresponding relation between battery characteristics and voltage parameters, the voltage parameters are determined by the voltage parameters obtained by a sampling storage battery according to the preset discharging condition, the voltage parameters comprise voltage drop and voltage recovery parameters, and the sampling storage battery is a storage battery without surface charge.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the battery characteristics include at least one of a rated battery capacity, a battery type.
6. The method of claim 4, wherein the voltage recovery parameter comprises at least one of a voltage recovery slope and a recovery voltage.
7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the open-circuit voltage comprises a plurality of second voltages after discharging of the battery under test collected at a preset second sampling rate for a preset recovery time period;
determining a voltage recovery parameter of the storage battery to be tested according to the open-circuit voltage and the discharge voltage of the storage battery to be tested, wherein the voltage recovery parameter comprises at least one of the following parameters:
determining the voltage recovery slope of the storage battery to be tested according to a second voltage in the middle section of the preset recovery time length, the discharge voltage and the recovery time length corresponding to the second voltage;
determining the recovery voltage according to a maximum value of the plurality of second voltages and the discharge voltage.
8. The method according to any one of claims 4 to 7, wherein the determining whether the battery under test has a surface charge according to the cell characteristics, the voltage drop and the voltage recovery parameters of the battery under test and a preset mapping relationship comprises:
determining a voltage parameter corresponding to the battery characteristic in the preset mapping relation;
determining whether the voltage drop of the storage battery to be tested is larger than the voltage drop in the voltage parameter;
if so, determining whether the voltage recovery parameter of the storage battery to be tested is smaller than the voltage recovery parameter in the voltage parameters;
if so, determining that the surface charge exists in the storage battery to be tested;
otherwise, determining that the surface charge of the storage battery to be tested does not exist.
9. The method according to any one of claims 4 to 7, wherein the preset mapping relationship comprises a correspondence relationship between initial voltage, battery characteristics and voltage parameters;
the determining whether the storage battery to be tested has surface charge according to the battery characteristics of the storage battery to be tested, the voltage drop, the voltage recovery parameters and a preset mapping relation comprises the following steps:
determining voltage parameters corresponding to the initial voltage and the battery characteristics of the storage battery to be tested in the preset mapping relation;
determining whether the voltage drop of the storage battery to be tested is larger than the voltage drop in the voltage parameter;
if so, determining whether the voltage recovery parameter of the storage battery to be tested is smaller than the voltage recovery parameter in the voltage parameters;
if so, determining that the surface charge exists in the storage battery to be tested;
otherwise, determining that the surface charge of the storage battery to be tested does not exist.
10. A battery test apparatus, comprising:
the device comprises a first connecting end, a second connecting end, a third connecting end and a fourth connecting end, wherein the first connecting end, the second connecting end, the third connecting end and the fourth connecting end are respectively used for connecting a storage battery to be tested;
the discharging circuit is electrically connected with the storage battery to be tested through the first connecting end and the fourth connecting end and is used for triggering the storage battery to be tested to discharge under a preset discharging condition;
the voltage sampling circuit is electrically connected with the storage battery to be detected through the second connecting end and the third connecting end and is used for detecting the voltages at the two ends of the storage battery to be detected;
a controller electrically connected to the discharge circuit and the voltage sampling circuit, respectively, the controller being operable to perform the method of any one of claims 1-9.
11. The battery test apparatus of claim 10, wherein the discharge circuit comprises a switching circuit, a load, and a current sampling circuit:
the first end of the switch circuit is connected with the first connecting end, the second end of the switch circuit is connected with the controller, and the third end of the switch circuit is connected with the fourth connecting end through the load;
the first end of the current sampling circuit is connected with the controller, the second end of the current sampling circuit is connected with the load, and the current sampling circuit is used for detecting the discharge current of the storage battery to be detected;
the controller is specifically configured to:
and adjusting the switch circuit according to the discharge current detected by the current sampling circuit so as to discharge the storage battery to be detected under the preset discharge condition.
12. The battery test apparatus of claim 11, wherein the switching circuit comprises a MOS transistor and a first operational amplifier;
the non-inverting input end of the first operational amplifier is connected with the controller, the inverting input end of the first operational amplifier is connected with the source electrode of the MOS tube, the output end of the first operational amplifier is connected with the grid electrode of the MOS tube, the source electrode of the MOS tube is connected with the first end of the load, and the drain electrode of the MOS tube is connected with the first connecting end.
13. The battery detection device according to claim 12, wherein the discharge circuit further comprises a diode, a first end of the diode is connected to the first connection terminal, and a second end of the diode is connected to the drain of the MOS transistor.
14. The battery test apparatus according to any of the claims 11-13, wherein the current sampling circuit comprises a second operational amplifier, a non-inverting input terminal of the second operational amplifier is connected to the first terminal of the load, an inverting input terminal of the second operational amplifier is connected to the second terminal of the load, and an output terminal of the second operational amplifier is connected to the controller.
15. The battery test apparatus of any of claims 10-13, wherein the voltage sampling circuit comprises:
and the non-inverting input end of the third operational amplifier is connected with the second connecting end, the inverting input end of the third operational amplifier is connected with the third connecting end, and the output end of the third operational amplifier is connected with the controller.
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