CN111762656A - Emergency braking system for elevator car - Google Patents

Emergency braking system for elevator car Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111762656A
CN111762656A CN202010423544.4A CN202010423544A CN111762656A CN 111762656 A CN111762656 A CN 111762656A CN 202010423544 A CN202010423544 A CN 202010423544A CN 111762656 A CN111762656 A CN 111762656A
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Prior art keywords
car
clamping plate
elevator
central control
control machine
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CN202010423544.4A
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CN111762656B (en
Inventor
谭旭
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Dalian Free Trade Zone Huahong Industrial Technology Co ltd
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Dalian Free Trade Zone Huahong Industrial Technology Co ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
    • B66B5/00—Applications of checking, fault-correcting, or safety devices in elevators
    • B66B5/02—Applications of checking, fault-correcting, or safety devices in elevators responsive to abnormal operating conditions
    • B66B5/16—Braking or catch devices operating between cars, cages, or skips and fixed guide elements or surfaces in hoistway or well
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
    • B66B11/00—Main component parts of lifts in, or associated with, buildings or other structures
    • B66B11/0005—Constructional features of hoistways
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
    • B66B11/00—Main component parts of lifts in, or associated with, buildings or other structures
    • B66B11/02—Cages, i.e. cars
    • B66B11/0226—Constructional features, e.g. walls assembly, decorative panels, comfort equipment, thermal or sound insulation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
    • B66B11/00—Main component parts of lifts in, or associated with, buildings or other structures
    • B66B11/04—Driving gear ; Details thereof, e.g. seals
    • B66B11/043—Driving gear ; Details thereof, e.g. seals actuated by rotating motor; Details, e.g. ventilation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
    • B66B5/00—Applications of checking, fault-correcting, or safety devices in elevators
    • B66B5/0006—Monitoring devices or performance analysers
    • B66B5/0018—Devices monitoring the operating condition of the elevator system
    • B66B5/0031—Devices monitoring the operating condition of the elevator system for safety reasons
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
    • B66B5/00—Applications of checking, fault-correcting, or safety devices in elevators
    • B66B5/02—Applications of checking, fault-correcting, or safety devices in elevators responsive to abnormal operating conditions
    • B66B5/04—Applications of checking, fault-correcting, or safety devices in elevators responsive to abnormal operating conditions for detecting excessive speed
    • B66B5/044—Mechanical overspeed governors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
    • B66B5/00—Applications of checking, fault-correcting, or safety devices in elevators
    • B66B5/02—Applications of checking, fault-correcting, or safety devices in elevators responsive to abnormal operating conditions
    • B66B5/16—Braking or catch devices operating between cars, cages, or skips and fixed guide elements or surfaces in hoistway or well
    • B66B5/18—Braking or catch devices operating between cars, cages, or skips and fixed guide elements or surfaces in hoistway or well and applying frictional retarding forces
    • B66B5/24—Braking or catch devices operating between cars, cages, or skips and fixed guide elements or surfaces in hoistway or well and applying frictional retarding forces by acting on guide ropes or cables
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
    • B66B5/00—Applications of checking, fault-correcting, or safety devices in elevators
    • B66B5/28—Buffer-stops for cars, cages, or skips
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
    • B66B5/00—Applications of checking, fault-correcting, or safety devices in elevators
    • B66B5/28—Buffer-stops for cars, cages, or skips
    • B66B5/282—Structure thereof

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Cage And Drive Apparatuses For Elevators (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to an elevator car emergency braking system, comprising: the elevator car comprises a car body, wherein the side wall and the bottom surface of the outer surface of the car body are provided with copper brake plates, and two ends of each side wall brake plate are provided with copper deceleration fins; the elevator shaft is provided with a plurality of magnetic clamping plate layers, the bottom of the elevator shaft is also provided with an air bottom pit, and a magnet slab is arranged in the air bottom pit; a drive unit; and the central control machine is arranged outside the elevator shaft and is respectively connected with the magnetic clamping plates in the magnetic clamping plate layers so as to adjust the current intensity passing through the magnetic clamping plates. According to the system, the plurality of magnetic clamping plate layers with the electromagnetic clamping plates and the permanent magnetic clamping plates are arranged in the elevator shaft, the falling speed of the elevator car is gradually reduced through the Lenz law, the safety of personnel and articles in the elevator car is guaranteed, the safety of the system is improved, meanwhile, the central control machine can adjust the current passing amount of the electromagnetic clamping plates in real time according to the falling height of the elevator car and the speed of the elevator car passing through each layer of magnetic clamping plates, the magnetic field intensity is flexibly adjusted, and the system can face more diversified conditions.

Description

Emergency braking system for elevator car
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of elevator braking, in particular to an emergency braking system for an elevator car.
Background
An elevator is a vertical elevator powered by an electric motor and equipped with a box-like car for carrying people or cargo in a multi-story building. The elevator is used in the multi-storey building, and can be used for convenient intercommunication upper and lower aspect, carries out the transportation of personnel's goods. The elevator car is pulled by a steel rope to move up and down along a vertical shaft under the drive of a lifter during working, once the steel rope is broken in the process of pulling the steel rope, the elevator can have the risk of falling, so that personnel or goods in the elevator car are in the dangerous state, therefore, each elevator needs to be designed with a special anti-falling device, the traditional anti-falling device adopts a mechanical structure, when the elevator quickly falls, safety tongs on the elevator car can extend out to tightly grasp an elevator guide rail to slow down and stop the elevator, the structure is simple, but the speed is high in the process of falling, the safety tongs of the elevator car have high requirements on the assembly of the safety tongs and the use materials of the safety tongs due to high speed during stopping, and once the safety tongs cannot be opened in time during falling of the elevator, the elevator car can generate larger impulse, so that the elevator is more difficult to stop, and the potential safety hazard is larger.
Chinese patent publication No.: CN105800415A discloses emergent elevator of magnetic induction, including elevator, power, control panel, switch and tunnel, the tunnel both sides are equipped with the gliding guide rail of elevator, the elevator bottom is equipped with the permanent magnet board, permanent magnet board bottom is equipped with the buffer layer, there is the coil around the tunnel inboard, the axial perpendicular to permanent magnet board of coil, the pit in tunnel is equipped with infrared distance meter, infrared distance meter connects the control panel, the coil passes through the switch and connects the power, control panel control switch break-make.
It can be seen that the emergency elevator has the following problems:
first, the elevator only sets up the electromagnetic field in the elevartor shaft bottom, and does not set up buffer, when the car falls and causes the elevartor shaft bottom, still can produce the impact force of high strength, easily destroys the car and causes the harm to personnel or article in the car.
Secondly, the current amount of the elevator to the electromagnetic coil is a fixed value, namely although the intensity of the electromagnetic field is gradually changed, the intensity of the point magnetic field at a specified position is fixed, and when the falling speed of the elevator car is too high, the resistance generated in the magnetic field is too small, so that the elevator car cannot be braked.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the invention provides an elevator car emergency braking system which is used for solving the problem that the safety of a car and personnel and articles in the car cannot be ensured due to the fact that the single braking reaction force is too high and a fixed magnetic field cannot be used for special conditions in the prior art.
To achieve the above object, the present invention provides an elevator car emergency braking system comprising:
the elevator car is used for loading passengers, the side wall and the bottom surface of the outer surface of the elevator car are provided with copper brake plates, and two ends of the brake plate on the side wall are also provided with copper deceleration fins;
the elevator shaft is used for providing a moving space for the car, a plurality of magnetic clamping plate layers are arranged in the elevator shaft, the intervals between every two adjacent magnetic clamping plate layers are the same, each magnetic clamping plate layer comprises a magnetic clamping surface arranged on the inner wall of the elevator shaft, each magnetic clamping surface is provided with a magnetic clamping plate and comprises at least one permanent magnetic clamping plate and at least one electromagnetic clamping plate, the magnetic clamping plates are used for being matched with the deceleration fins when the car falls, and resistance opposite to the moving direction of the car is generated according to the lenz law so as to brake the car; a speed detector connected with the central control machine is arranged on a single magnetic clamping plate surface of the single-layer magnetic clamping plate layer and used for detecting the moving speed of the lift car and transmitting a detection value to the central control machine; an air pit is further arranged at the bottom of the elevator shaft and used for further braking the car by matching with the braking plate when the car falls; the bottom surface of the air pit is a movable platform, the edge of the platform is in closed contact with the inner wall of the air pit, and the bottom of the platform is provided with a lifter which is connected with the platform and used for controlling the platform to move; magnet laths are arranged on the inner walls and the bottom surfaces of the four sides of the air pit and are used for being matched with a falling car to generate resistance according to the Lenz law;
a driving unit disposed outside the elevator shaft to control movement and stop of the car;
the elevator car control system comprises a central control machine, a plurality of electromagnetic clamping plates and a plurality of elevator cars, wherein the central control machine is arranged outside an elevator shaft and is respectively connected with the electromagnetic clamping plates in the magnetic clamping plates, and is used for adjusting the current passing through the electromagnetic clamping plates in real time according to the falling speed and the falling height of the elevator car when the elevator car falls, and changing the magnetism of the electromagnetic clamping plates by adjusting the current intensity so as to adjust the resistance of the electromagnetic clamping plates on the elevator car;
when the elevator car falls rapidly, the brake plate and the deceleration fin are both induced with the electromagnetic clamping plates and the permanent magnetic clamping plates of the magnetic clamping plate layers on the inner wall of the elevator shaft, according to the lenz law, when the elevator car passes through a magnetic field area generated by the magnetic clamping plate layers, magnetic flux changes and induced current is generated, and the induced current generates a magnetic field to block the elevator car from falling; each magnetic clamping plate layer in the elevator shaft generates resistance by utilizing the lenz law when the elevator car passes through, and the elevator car gradually decelerates under the resistance in the falling process and decelerates and stops when contacting with the magnet lath in the air pit;
under the power-on state, the electromagnetic clamping plate generates acting force as main braking energy, and the permanent magnet clamping plate generates acting force as auxiliary braking energy; under the power-off state, the permanent magnet provides main braking energy for blocking the falling of the lift car;
a preset speed matrix v is prestored in the central control machine0(v00,v10,v20,v30...vn0) Sum current scheme matrix I0(I00，I10，I20,I30...In0) (ii) a Wherein v is00The car is preset with a travel speed, i.e. the maximum travel speed of the car during normal travel, v10Is the first speed critical point, v20Is two critical points of velocity, v30Is the third speed critical point, vn0Is the nth speed critical point; i is00Is a predetermined current, I10To preset electricityFlow, I20For a second predetermined current, I30Is a third predetermined current, In0Is the nth predetermined current;
when the elevator normally operates, the operation speed of the elevator car is less than or equal to the preset speed v00The central control machine respectively leads current to the electromagnetic clamping plates in the two magnetic clamping plate surfaces oppositely arranged in each magnetic clamping plate layer, and the current value is preset current I0When the speed-reducing fin passes through the magnetic clamping plate, the magnetic clamping plate can not generate resistance to the speed-reducing fin;
when the lift car falls, the speed detector in the first magnetic clamping plate layer through which the lift car passes can convey the detected speed v to the central control machine, and the central control machine conveys the falling speed v of the lift car and a preset speed matrix v0The values in (1) are compared:
when v is00＜v≤v10When the elevator car falls, the central control machine changes the output current value I of the electromagnetic clamping plates in each magnetic clamping plate layer below the layer according to the number of layers through which the elevator car falls1i，
Figure BDA0002497842060000031
Wherein I is the number of magnetic clamping plates through which the car falls, I1iThe current value received by the electromagnetic clamping plate in the ith layer of magnetic clamping plate layer which is passed by the car from falling;
when v is10＜v≤v20When the elevator car falls, the central control machine changes the output current value I of each layer of electromagnetic clamping plates below the layer according to the number of layers through which the elevator car falls2i，
Figure BDA0002497842060000032
Wherein I2iThe current value received by the electromagnetic clamping plate in the ith layer of magnetic clamping plate layer which is passed by the car from falling;
when v is20＜v≤v30When the elevator car falls, the central control machine changes the output current value I of each layer of electromagnetic clamping plates below the layer according to the number of layers through which the elevator car falls3i，
Figure BDA0002497842060000033
Wherein I3iFor the i-th layer of magnetism passed by the car from fallingThe current value received by the electromagnetic clamping plate in the clamping plate layer;
when v is(n-1)0＜v≤vn0When the elevator car falls, the central control machine changes the output current value I of each layer of electromagnetic clamping plates below the layer according to the number of layers through which the elevator car fallsni，
Figure BDA0002497842060000034
Wherein IniThe current value received by the electromagnetic clamping plate in the ith layer of magnetic clamping plate layer which is passed by the car from falling is obtained.
When the current value I of the ith electromagnetic clamping plate is introducedniWhen the maximum load of the central control machine is greater than the maximum load of the central control machine, the central control machine can lead current into all the electromagnetic clamping plates on the layer, and the lead-in current values of the magnetic clamping plate layer and the electromagnetic clamping plates positioned below the magnetic clamping plate layer are adjusted to be Ini’，
Figure BDA0002497842060000035
Furthermore, each magnet lath is connected with the central control machine, and the central control machine adjusts the magnetic field intensity of each magnet lath by adjusting the current passing through each magnet lath;
when the elevator normally operates, the central control machine respectively leads current to each magnet lath, and the current value is preset current I0(ii) a When car 1 falls, the well control machine can be according to car speed v that falls adjusts to the current value of magnetite lath output:
when v is00＜v≤v10When the magnet slab is in a normal state, the current value output by the central control machine to the magnet slab is adjusted to be I1j，I1j＝jI10Wherein j is the number of layers of the magnetic clamping plates where the lift car falls;
when v is10＜v≤v20When the magnet slab is in a normal state, the current value output by the central control machine to the magnet slab is adjusted to be I2j，I2j＝jI20；
When v is20＜v≤v30When the magnet slab is in a normal state, the current value output by the central control machine to the magnet slab is adjusted to be I3j，I3j＝jI30；
When v is(n-1)0＜v≤vn0When the magnet slab is in a normal state, the current value output by the central control machine to the magnet slab is adjusted to be Inj，Inj＝jIn0。
Furthermore, a preset compression height matrix H is also arranged in the central control machine0(H00，H10，H20，H30...Hn0) And platform height plan matrix H01(H01，H11，H21，H31...Hn1) (ii) a Wherein H00To a predetermined compression height, H10For a first predetermined compression height, H20For a second predetermined compression height, H30Third predetermined compression height, Hn0N-th preset compression height; h01Is the initial height of the platform, H11For a first height plan of the platform, H21For a second height plan of the platform, H31As a plateau third height plan, Hn1A plan for nth height of the platform;
when the elevator normally operates, the central control machine controls the elevator to adjust the platform and the internal height H of the air pit1Adjusted to an initial height H01(ii) a When the lift car falls, the central control machine can switch on the current I of each magnetic clamping plateniAnd the number j of the layers when the elevator falls is calculated to obtain the final speed v when the elevator car falls into the air pit after passing through the j layers of magnetic clamping plate layersFinal (a Chinese character of 'gan')And calculating the air height H of the compressed air in the air pit by combining the mass m of the car, the bottom area S of the car and the atmospheric pressure P2At this time, the central control machine will H2And H0The values in the matrix are compared:
when H is present00＜H2≤H10When the air pit is in the H state, the central control machine controls the platform to move and adjusts the height of the air pit to be H11；
When H is present10＜H2≤H20When the air pit is in the H state, the central control machine controls the platform to move and adjusts the height of the air pit to be H21；
When H is present20＜H2≤H30When the air pit is in the H state, the central control machine controls the platform to move and adjusts the height of the air pit to be H31；
When H is present(n-1)0＜H2≤Hn0When the air pit is in the H state, the central control machine controls the platform to move and adjusts the height of the air pit to be Hn1。
Further, the car includes:
the first brake plate is a plurality of copper plates and is respectively arranged on the outer wall of the car;
the second brake plate is a single copper plate and is arranged on the bottom surface of the car;
and the speed reduction fins are a plurality of slender copper plates, and are respectively arranged on two sides of the first brake plate and used for generating resistance in cooperation with the magnetic clamping plate layer.
Furthermore, the first brake plates arranged in the opening and closing door direction of the car are two metal plates respectively arranged inside each opening and closing door.
Furthermore, each electromagnetic clamping plate comprises two plate-shaped electromagnets with the same area, and a gap is reserved between the two electromagnets and used for enabling the speed reduction fins to pass through; the single permanent magnet clamping plate comprises two plate-shaped permanent magnets with the same area, and a gap is reserved between the two permanent magnets; when the elevator breaks down and leads to the car to fall, the permanent magnetism splint utilize lenz's law, use magnetic force to produce magnetic force eddy current field, and the circular telegram of electromagnetism splint produces magnetic force eddy current field in order to brake the car: when the speed reducing fin falls from the upper part of the magnetic clamping plate to enter the gap of the magnetic clamping plate, the magnetic clamping plate outputs vertical upward resistance to the speed reducing fin; when the speed-reducing fin falls and is separated from the gap of the magnetic clamping plate, the magnetic clamping plate outputs a vertical upward pulling force to the speed-reducing fin.
Furthermore, the cross sectional shape of the air pit inlet is in clearance fit with the cross sectional shape of the car, and the fit size is 7-10mm, so that the air in the air pit is prevented from overflowing when the car falls.
Furthermore, the lift car is connected with the balancing weight through a steel wire rope, and the steel wire rope is hung on a specified part of the driving unit and used for hanging the lift car and the balancing weight; when the elevator is running, the drive unit starts and pulls the wire rope to move, thereby moving the car to a specified position.
Further, the drive system includes:
the motor is used for providing power for the movement of the lift car;
the brake is connected with the motor and used for braking the car when the motor stops;
the speed reducer is used for matching the rotating speed between the motor and the pulley;
a pulley for loading the wire rope;
when the elevator runs, the band-type brake is released, the motor is started, the rotating speed is adjusted to a specified value through the speed reducer, the torque is transmitted to the pulley, and the pulley drives the steel wire rope to move when rotating, so that the elevator car is driven; when the elevator breaks down to cause the car to fall, the motor stops operating, the band-type brake tightly embraces the steel wire rope, and the car is braked by the fixed steel wire rope.
Compared with the prior art, the elevator car emergency braking system has the advantages that the multiple layers of magnetic clamping plate layers with the electromagnetic clamping plates and the permanent magnetic clamping plates are arranged in the elevator shaft, and the falling speed of the car is gradually reduced through the Lenz law, so that the damage of the car is prevented, the safety of personnel and articles in the car is ensured, and the safety of the system is improved.
Meanwhile, the system is also provided with a central control machine, and the central control machine can adjust the current passing amount to each magnetic clamping plate and each magnet lath in real time according to the falling height of the lift car and the speed when the lift car passes through each layer of magnetic clamping plate, so that the magnetic field intensity can be flexibly adjusted, and the system can face more diversified conditions.
Further, through setting up permanent magnetism splint, when the elevartor shaft outage, permanent magnetism splint still can produce magnetic force vortex field, make the system still can play the guard action to the car when the car falls even when the outage.
Furthermore, be equipped with a plurality of electromagnetism splint and permanent magnetism splint in individual layer magnetism splint layer, through respectively to each electromagnetism splint circular current that lets in to make each electromagnetism splint produce the magnetic field respectively, when each appointed speed reduction wing gets into respectively in the corresponding magnetism splint space, each electromagnetism splint and permanent magnetism splint all can produce the counter resistance to the speed reduction wing that corresponds, through a plurality of resistance stack, can make well accuse machine use less electric current can obtain great resistance, increased the operating efficiency of system.
In particular, because the magnetic clamping plate applies Lenz's law, when the deceleration fin passes through the magnetic clamping plate, two stages of resistance coming and leaving are provided, and double braking of the car can be completed by using a single magnetic clamping plate, so that the running efficiency of the system is further increased.
Further, the shape of air pit entrance and car outline clearance fit, like this, when the car gets into the air pit, the air in the air pit can't be extruded, and the car can be through the air in the extrusion air pit so that the air produces ascending pressure to reach the effect of buffering.
Particularly, the central control machine can rapidly calculate the degree of compression of the car on the air in the air pit according to the actual speed of the car falling into the air pit, and adjust the internal volume of the air pit to provide more buffer space for the car, and meanwhile, by changing the air volume in the air pit, the internal energy generated when the air is compressed can be effectively reduced, so that the situation of explosion caused by overhigh temperature of the car is prevented, and the safety of personnel and articles in the car is further improved.
In particular, a magnet slab is further arranged in the air pit, and an electromagnetic field can be generated in the air pit by electrifying the magnet slab and the elevator car can be further buffered. The structure and the device are arranged at the bottom of the elevator shaft, so that the car can be braked to the maximum extent.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the emergency braking system of an elevator car according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the car and the magnetic clamping plates when the car passes through a single magnetic clamping plate layer in the elevator shaft according to the invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the car of the present invention in contact with an air pit entrance;
fig. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the car of the present invention as it enters the air pit.
Detailed Description
In order that the objects and advantages of the invention will be more clearly understood, the invention is further described below with reference to examples; it should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Preferred embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that these embodiments are only for explaining the technical principle of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that in the description of the present invention, the terms of direction or positional relationship indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "inner", "outer", etc. are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, which are only for convenience of description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Furthermore, it should be noted that, in the description of the present invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an elevator car emergency braking system according to the present invention, which includes an electric car 1, an elevator shaft 2, a driving unit 3, and a central control unit (not shown in the figure). Wherein the car 1 is disposed inside a hoistway 2 for loading passengers. The driving unit 3 is arranged at the top of the elevator shaft and connected with the car 1 to drive the car 1 to move. The central control machine is respectively connected with appointed parts in the elevator shaft 2 and is used for adjusting the braking strength according to actual conditions.
When the elevator is running, the drive unit 3 drives the car 1 to move in the elevator shaft 2 and stop at a prescribed position in the elevator shaft 2. When car 1 falls out of control, drive unit 3 can carry out emergency braking, and the appointed part in the elevartor shaft 2 can cooperate with the part that sets up on car 1 simultaneously, utilizes lenz's law in order to accomplish the further braking to car 1, well accuse machine can be adjusted the high-efficient braking in order to accomplish car 1 according to the actual condition of falling of car 1 to the braking part in the elevartor shaft 2.
As shown in fig. 1, the car 1 of the present invention has first brake plates 11 made of copper on four outer walls, a second brake plate 12 made of copper on the bottom of the car 1, and deceleration fins 13 made of copper on two sides of each first brake plate 11, wherein when the car 1 falls, the first brake plate 11, the second brake plate 12 and the deceleration fins 13 cooperate with designated parts in the elevator shaft 2 to generate a magnetic eddy current field so as to slow down the falling speed of the car 1. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the first braking plates 11 at the car opening and closing doors are copper plates respectively provided at the outer walls of the two and opening doors.
Specifically, the car 1 is still continuous with the balancing weight 14 through wire rope, the balancing weight 14 is used for balancing the gravity of car 1. The wire rope is connected with the driving unit 3 for suspending the car 1 and the counterweight 14. When the elevator is running, the drive unit 3 starts and pulls the rope to move, thereby moving the car 1 to a designated position. It should be understood that the material of the counterweight 14 is not particularly limited in this embodiment, as long as the counterweight 14 can balance the car 1.
With continued reference to fig. 1, the elevator shaft 2 of the present invention also includes multiple magnetic bearing sheet layers and an air pit 22. Wherein, each magnetic clamping plate layer evenly distributed is equipped with a plurality of magnetic clamping plates 21 on 2 inner walls of elevartor shaft in individual layer magnetic clamping plate layer for utilize lenz's law to brake car 1 when car 1 falls. The air pit 22 is provided at the bottom of the elevator shaft 2 for further braking of the car 1 by means of the counter resistance generated by the compression of the air when the car 1 falls. When car 1 falls and passes magnetic clamp plate 21, magnetic clamp plate 21 produces magnetic force vortex field and exerts vertical ascending resistance to car 1 according to lenz's law to the car in order to brake car 1, when car 1 falls to air pit 22, the air is compressed by car 1 in the air pit 22, and atmospheric pressure increases to produce vertical ascending pressure in order to further brake car 1 to car 1.
Specifically, magnetic splint 21 includes electromagnetic splint and permanent magnetism splint, and wherein the electromagnetic splint are the plate-shaped electro-magnet of assembling in pairs, and the plate-shaped permanent magnet of assembling in pairs of permanent magnetism splint leaves the space between two electro-magnets, the electro-magnet in the electromagnetic splint with well control computer links to each other, and well control computer adjusts the magnetism intensity of electromagnetic splint through the mode of adjusting current. The magnetic clamping plates 21 are distributed inside the elevator shaft 2 in layers, in which layers the magnetic clamping plates 21 are evenly distributed on the four inner walls of the elevator shaft 2 and on the inner walls of a single elevator shaft 2 are provided at least one electromagnetic clamping plate and at least one permanent magnetic clamping plate. When the elevator normally operates, the operation speed of the car 1 is slow, and when the car 1 passes through the magnetic clamping plates 21 in the single-layer elevator shaft 2, the magnetic clamping plates 21 do not generate resistance on the car 1. When the elevator breaks down to cause the car 1 to fall, the car 1 passes through the magnetic clamping plates 21 at a high speed, at the moment, the magnetic clamping plates 21 brake the car 1 by utilizing Lenz's law, when the speed reduction fins 13 on the outer wall of the car 1 fall into gaps of the magnetic clamping plates 21, the magnetic clamping plates 21 output vertical upward resistance to the speed reduction fins 13 and output vertical upward pulling force to the speed reduction fins 13 when the speed reduction fins 13 fall out of the gaps of the magnetic clamping plates 21, and therefore falling speed of the car 1 is reduced. Meanwhile, the central control machine can adjust the current passing through each electromagnetic clamping plate, and the resistance generated by braking the car 1 by the electromagnetic clamping plates when the car 1 falls is adjusted by adjusting the magnetism strength of the electromagnetic clamping plates.
Specifically, a speed detector 23 is further arranged between two magnetic clamping plates 21 arranged on a single inner wall of the single-layer elevator shaft 2, and the speed detector 23 is connected with the central control machine 2 and used for detecting the moving speed of the car 1. When the car 1 passes through the speed detector 23, the speed detector 23 detects the moving speed of the car and transmits the detection result to the central control machine, and the central control machine adjusts the current values of the electromagnetic clamping plates on the layer and the electromagnetic clamping plates on the adjacent layers in real time according to the detection result.
Specifically, the air pit 22 is a cuboid space with a closed interior, magnet slats are arranged on the inner walls and the bottom surfaces of the four sides of the air pit and used for applying resistance to the falling car 1, and are connected with the central control machine, and the central control machine adjusts the magnetic field intensity of each magnet slat by adjusting the current passing through each magnet slat; the cross-sectional shape at the entrance of the air pit 22 is in clearance fit with the cross-sectional shape of the car 1, and the fit size is 7-10mm, so that air in the air pit 22 is prevented from being extruded when the car 1 falls.
When the car 1 is out of control and falls, the central control machine can pass current with a specified value into each magnet lath according to the falling speed of the car 1 measured by the speed detector 23 so that the magnet lath has the magnetic strength with the specified value. When the car 1 falls to the air pit 22, the outline of the car 1 is matched with the shape of an inlet of the air pit 22, at the moment, only a small gap exists between the car 1 and the air pit, the air extrusion amount in the air pit 22 can be ignored, at the moment, the car 1 compresses the air in the air pit 22, after the air is compressed, the air pressure is increased, and at the moment, the air in the air pit 22 exerts vertical upward pressure on the car 1, so that the falling speed of the car 1 is reduced. When the car 1 enters the air pit 22, the magnet laths in the air pit 22 generate a magnetic eddy current field with the first brake plate 11, the second brake plate 12 and the decelerating fins 13, and apply vertical upward resistance to the first brake plate 11, the second brake plate 12 and the decelerating fins 13 to further brake the car 1.
With continued reference to fig. 1, the driving unit 3 of the present invention includes a motor 31, a brake 32, a reducer 33, and a pulley 34. The band-type brake 32 is connected with the motor 31 and is used for braking the car 1 when the motor 31 stops. The reducer 33 is used to match the rotation speed between the motor 31 and the pulley 34. The sheave 34 is used to carry a wire rope. When the elevator is running, the brake 32 is released, the motor 31 is started, the rotating speed is adjusted to a designated value through the speed reducer 33, the torque is transmitted to the pulley 34, and the pulley 34 drives the steel wire rope to move when rotating, so that the driving of the elevator car 1 is completed. When the elevator breaks down to cause the car 1 to fall, the motor 31 stops operating, the band-type brake 32 tightly holds the steel wire rope, and the car 1 is braked by fixing the steel wire rope.
Fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the car 1 and the magnetic clamp 21 when the car passes through a single magnetic clamp layer in the elevator shaft 2 according to the present invention. When the car 1 passes through the single-layer magnetic clamping plates 21, the speed reducing fins 13 on the side wall of the car 1 can respectively enter the gaps of the corresponding magnetic clamping plates 21, at the moment, according to the lenz law, the single magnetic clamping plate 21 can generate resistance to the speed reducing fins 13 entering the gaps of the single magnetic clamping plate 21, and the resistance generated by the plurality of magnetic clamping plates 21 can be superposed, so that vertical upward force is generated on the car 21 to complete braking on the car 1.
Fig. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the car of the present invention contacting the air pit inlet. When the car 1 falls to the entrance of the air pit 22, the outer contour of the section of the car 1 is in clearance fit with the section of the entrance of the air pit 22, when the car 1 continuously falls, the air outflow rate in the air pit is negligible, and at the moment, the air in the air pit 22 is compressed and generates vertical upward pressure, so that the car is further braked.
Fig. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the car of the present invention entering an air pit. When the car 1 enters the air pit 22, the magnet laths in the air pit 22 generate a magnetic eddy current field by utilizing lenz's law, and when the first brake plate 11, the second brake plate 12 and the speed reduction fins 13 on the car 1 enter the magnetic eddy current field, the magnet laths generate upward resistance to the first brake plate 11, the second brake plate 12 and the speed reduction fins 13 respectively so as to further brake the car 1.
A preset speed matrix v is prestored in the central control machine0(v00,v10,v20,v30...vn0) Sum current scheme matrix I0(I00，I10，I20,I30...In0) (ii) a Wherein v is00The car 1 is provided with a predetermined travel speed, i.e. the maximum travel speed, v, of the car 1 during normal travel10Is the first speed critical point, v20Is two critical points of velocity, v30Is the third speed critical point, vn0Is the nth speed critical point; i is00Is a predetermined current, I10For a predetermined current, I20For a second predetermined current, I30Is a third predetermined current, In0Is the nth predetermined current;
when the elevator normally operates, the running speed of the elevator car 1 is less than or equal to the preset speed v00The central control machine respectively leads current to the electromagnetic clamping plates in the two magnetic clamping plate surfaces oppositely arranged in each magnetic clamping plate layer, and the current value is preset current I0At this time, when the speed-reducing fin 13 passes through the magnetic clamping plate 21, the magnetic clamping plate 21 does not generate resistance to the speed-reducing fin 13;
when the car 1 falls, the speed detector 23 in the first magnetic clamping plate layer through which the car 1 passes can convey the detected speed v to the central control machine, and the central control machine conveys the falling speed v of the car 1 and a preset speed matrix v0The values in (1) are compared:
when v is00＜v≤v10When the elevator car 1 falls, the central control machine changes the output current value I of the electromagnetic clamping plates in each magnetic clamping plate layer below the layer according to the number of the magnetic clamping plates through which the elevator car 1 falls1i，
Figure BDA0002497842060000101
Wherein I is the number of magnetic clamping plates through which the car 1 falls, I1iThe current value received by the electromagnetic clamping plate in the ith layer of magnetic clamping plate layer passed by the car 1 from falling;
when v is10＜v≤v20When the elevator car 1 falls, the central control machine changes the output current value I of each layer of electromagnetic clamping plates below the layer according to the number of layers through which the elevator car 1 falls2i，
Figure BDA0002497842060000111
Wherein I2iThe current value received by the electromagnetic clamping plate in the ith layer of magnetic clamping plate layer passed by the car 1 from falling;
when v is20＜v≤v30When the elevator car 1 falls, the central control machine changes the output current value I of each layer of electromagnetic clamping plates below the layer according to the number of layers through which the elevator car 1 falls3i，
Figure BDA0002497842060000112
Wherein I3iIs the car 1 passes by from the fallingThe current value received by the electromagnetic clamping plate in the ith layer of magnetic clamping plate;
when v is(n-1)0＜v≤vn0When the elevator car 1 falls, the central control machine changes the output current value I of each layer of electromagnetic clamping plates below the layer according to the number of layers through which the elevator car 1 fallsni，
Figure BDA0002497842060000113
Wherein IniThe current value received by the electromagnetic clamp plate in the ith layer of the magnetic clamp plate layer passed by the car 1 from the falling.
When the current value I of the ith electromagnetic clamping plate is introducedniWhen the maximum load of the central control machine is greater than the maximum load of the central control machine, the central control machine can lead current into all the electromagnetic clamping plates of the layer, and the lead-in current values of the magnetic clamping plate layer of the layer and each magnetic clamping plate layer positioned below the magnetic clamping plate layer are adjusted to be Ini’，
Figure BDA0002497842060000114
Simultaneously, the well accuse machine still can be according to 1 speed v regulation of falling of car to the current value of magnetite lath output:
when v is00＜v≤v10When the magnet slab is in a normal state, the output current value of the magnet slab is adjusted to be I by the central control machine1j，I1j＝jI10Where j is the number of layers of the magnetic clamp 21 where the car 1 falls.
When v is10＜v≤v20When the magnet slab is in a normal state, the output current value of the magnet slab is adjusted to be I by the central control machine2j，I2j＝jI20。
When v is20＜v≤v30When the magnet slab is in a normal state, the output current value of the magnet slab is adjusted to be I by the central control machine3j，I3j＝jI30。
When v is(n-1)0＜v≤vn0When the magnet slab is in a normal state, the output current value of the magnet slab is adjusted to be I by the central control machinenj，
Inj＝jIn0。
Particularly, a preset compression height matrix H is further arranged in the central control machine0(H00，H10，H20，H30...Hn0) And a platform height plan matrix H (H)01，H11，H21，H31...Hn1) (ii) a Wherein H00To a predetermined compression height, H10For a first predetermined compression height, H20For a second predetermined compression height, H30Third predetermined compression height, Hn0N-th preset compression height; h01Is the initial height of the platform, H11For a first height plan of the platform, H21For a second height plan of the platform, H31As a plateau third height plan, Hn1A plan for nth height of the platform;
when the elevator falls, the central control machine can switch on the current I of each magnetic clamping plateniAnd the number j of the layers when the car 1 falls is calculated to obtain the final speed v when the car 1 falls into the air pit 22 after passing through the plurality of magnetic clamping plate layersFinal (a Chinese character of 'gan')And obtaining the following according to a kinetic energy formula:
Figure BDA0002497842060000115
wherein W is the kinetic energy of the car 1 when it reaches the air pit 22, and in order to counteract the kinetic energy, the air in the air pit 22 must generate the same elastic potential energy as W when it is compressed, i.e. WBulletW F Δ H, where F is the pressure to which the air in air pit 22 is subjected, △ H is the change in the air level in air pit 22, and the air level in air pit 22 is H before it is compressed1After the air pit is compressed, the air height is H2Then △ H ═ H2-H1(ii) a The two formulas are combined to obtain:
Figure BDA0002497842060000121
calculating according to the krebs equation PV ═ nRT, where P is atmospheric pressure, V is gas volume, n is the amount of substance, T is absolute temperature, and R is a gas constant;
the volume of the air in the air pit 22 before compression is V1＝H1S, compressed volume V2＝H2S, wherein S is an air pit22, the bottom area of which is the same as the bottom area of the car 1; according to the Krebs equation PV ═ nRT, when the gas volume becomes V of the initial value2/V1Then the air pressure in the air pit 22 becomes V of the initial value1/V2＝H1*S/H2*S＝H1/H2Doubling; meanwhile, the pressure inside the air pit 22 is equal to the pressure generated by the falling of the car 1 plus the atmospheric pressure; at this time obtain
Figure BDA0002497842060000122
Wherein S is the floor area of the car 1, F is the pressure received by the air pit 22, and
Figure BDA0002497842060000123
simultaneous to obtain
Figure BDA0002497842060000124
Due to P, H1，m，vFinal (a Chinese character of 'gan')And S are both known amounts (H)1＝H01) And can therefore be dependent on the final velocity v at which the car 1 falls to the air pit 22Final (a Chinese character of 'gan')Calculating the height H of the compressed air2The central control machine will H2And H0The values in the matrix are compared:
when H is present00＜H2≤H10When the air pit is in the H state, the central control machine controls the platform to move and adjusts the height of the air pit to be H11；
When H is present10＜H2≤H20When the air pit is in the H state, the central control machine controls the platform to move and adjusts the height of the air pit to be H21；
When H is present20＜H2≤H30When the air pit is in the H state, the central control machine controls the platform to move and adjusts the height of the air pit to be H31；
When H is present(n-1)0＜H2≤Hn0When the air pit is in the H state, the central control machine controls the platform to move and adjusts the height of the air pit to be Hn1。
So far, the technical solutions of the present invention have been described in connection with the preferred embodiments shown in the drawings, but it is easily understood by those skilled in the art that the scope of the present invention is obviously not limited to these specific embodiments. Equivalent changes or substitutions of related technical features can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the principle of the invention, and the technical scheme after the changes or substitutions can fall into the protection scope of the invention.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention; various modifications and alterations to this invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. An elevator car emergency braking system, comprising:
the elevator car is used for loading passengers, the side wall and the bottom surface of the outer surface of the elevator car are provided with copper brake plates, and two ends of the brake plate on the side wall are also provided with copper deceleration fins;
the elevator shaft is used for providing a moving space for the car, a plurality of magnetic clamping plate layers are arranged in the elevator shaft, the intervals between every two adjacent magnetic clamping plate layers are the same, each magnetic clamping plate layer comprises a magnetic clamping surface arranged on the inner wall of the elevator shaft, each magnetic clamping surface is provided with a magnetic clamping plate and comprises at least one permanent magnetic clamping plate and at least one electromagnetic clamping plate, the magnetic clamping plates are used for being matched with the deceleration fins when the car falls, and resistance opposite to the moving direction of the car is generated according to the lenz law so as to brake the car; a speed detector connected with the central control machine is arranged on a single magnetic clamping plate surface of the single-layer magnetic clamping plate layer and used for detecting the moving speed of the lift car and transmitting a detection value to the central control machine; an air pit is further arranged at the bottom of the elevator shaft and used for further braking the car by matching with the braking plate when the car falls; the bottom surface of the air pit is a movable platform, the edge of the platform is in closed contact with the inner wall of the air pit, and the bottom of the platform is provided with a lifter which is connected with the platform and used for controlling the platform to move; magnet laths are arranged on the inner walls and the bottom surfaces of the four sides of the air pit and are used for being matched with a falling car to generate resistance according to the Lenz law;
a driving unit disposed outside the elevator shaft to control movement and stop of the car;
the elevator car control system comprises a central control machine, a plurality of electromagnetic clamping plates and a plurality of elevator cars, wherein the central control machine is arranged outside an elevator shaft and is respectively connected with the electromagnetic clamping plates in the magnetic clamping plates, and is used for adjusting the current passing through the electromagnetic clamping plates in real time according to the falling speed and the falling height of the elevator car when the elevator car falls, and changing the magnetism of the electromagnetic clamping plates by adjusting the current intensity so as to adjust the resistance of the electromagnetic clamping plates on the elevator car;
when the elevator car falls rapidly, the brake plate and the deceleration fin are both induced with the electromagnetic clamping plates and the permanent magnetic clamping plates of the magnetic clamping plate layers on the inner wall of the elevator shaft, according to the lenz law, when the elevator car passes through a magnetic field area generated by the magnetic clamping plate layers, magnetic flux changes and induced current is generated, and the induced current generates a magnetic field to block the elevator car from falling; each magnetic clamping plate layer in the elevator shaft generates resistance by utilizing the lenz law when the elevator car passes through, and the elevator car gradually decelerates under the resistance in the falling process and decelerates and stops when contacting with the magnet lath in the air pit;
under the power-on state, the electromagnetic clamping plate generates acting force as main braking energy, and the permanent magnet clamping plate generates acting force as auxiliary braking energy; under the power-off state, the permanent magnet provides main braking energy for blocking the falling of the lift car;
a preset speed matrix v is prestored in the central control machine0(v00,v10,v20,v30...vn0) Sum current scheme matrix I0(I00，I10，I20,I30...In0) (ii) a Wherein v is00The car is preset with a travel speed, i.e. the maximum travel speed of the car during normal travel, v10Is the first speed critical point, v20Is two critical points of velocity, v30Is the third speed critical point, vn0Is the nth speed critical point; i is00Is a predetermined current, I10For a predetermined current, I20For a second predetermined current, I30Is a third predetermined current, In0Is the nth predetermined current;
when the elevator normally operates, the operation speed of the elevator car is less than or equal to the preset speed v00The central control machine respectively performs central control on all the magnetic clamping plate layersCurrent is led into the electromagnetic clamping plate in the two arranged magnetic clamping plate surfaces, and the current value is preset current I0When the speed-reducing fin passes through the magnetic clamping plate, the magnetic clamping plate can not generate resistance to the speed-reducing fin;
when the lift car falls, the speed detector in the first magnetic clamping plate layer through which the lift car passes can convey the detected speed v to the central control machine, and the central control machine conveys the falling speed v of the lift car and a preset speed matrix v0The values in (1) are compared:
when v is00＜v≤v10When the elevator car falls, the central control machine changes the output current value I of the electromagnetic clamping plates in each magnetic clamping plate layer below the layer according to the number of layers through which the elevator car falls1i，
Figure FDA0002497842050000021
Wherein I is the number of magnetic clamping plates through which the car falls, I1iThe current value received by the electromagnetic clamping plate in the ith layer of magnetic clamping plate layer which is passed by the car from falling;
when v is10＜v≤v20When the elevator car falls, the central control machine changes the output current value I of each layer of electromagnetic clamping plates below the layer according to the number of layers through which the elevator car falls2i，
Figure FDA0002497842050000022
Wherein I2iThe current value received by the electromagnetic clamping plate in the ith layer of magnetic clamping plate layer which is passed by the car from falling;
when v is20＜v≤v30When the elevator car falls, the central control machine changes the output current value I of each layer of electromagnetic clamping plates below the layer according to the number of layers through which the elevator car falls3i，
Figure FDA0002497842050000023
Wherein I3iThe current value received by the electromagnetic clamping plate in the ith layer of magnetic clamping plate layer which is passed by the car from falling;
when v is(n-1)0＜v≤vn0When the elevator car falls, the central control machine changes the output current value I of each layer of electromagnetic clamping plates below the layer according to the number of layers through which the elevator car fallsni，
Figure FDA0002497842050000024
Wherein IniThe current value received by the electromagnetic clamping plate in the ith layer of magnetic clamping plate layer which is passed by the car from falling is obtained.
When the current value I of the ith electromagnetic clamping plate is introducedniWhen the maximum load of the central control machine is greater than the maximum load of the central control machine, the central control machine can lead current into all the electromagnetic clamping plates on the layer, and the lead-in current values of the magnetic clamping plate layer and the electromagnetic clamping plates positioned below the magnetic clamping plate layer are adjusted to be Ini’，
Figure FDA0002497842050000025
2. The elevator car emergency braking system of claim 1, wherein each of said magnet slats is connected to said central control machine, said central control machine adjusting the magnetic field strength of each magnet slat by adjusting the amount of current passing through each magnet slat;
when the elevator normally operates, the central control machine respectively leads current to each magnet lath, and the current value is preset current I0(ii) a When car 1 falls, the well control machine can be according to car speed v that falls adjusts to the current value of magnetite lath output:
when v is00＜v≤v10When the magnet slab is in a normal state, the current value output by the central control machine to the magnet slab is adjusted to be I1j，I1j＝jI10Wherein j is the number of layers of the magnetic clamping plates where the lift car falls;
when v is10＜v≤v20When the magnet slab is in a normal state, the current value output by the central control machine to the magnet slab is adjusted to be I2j，I2j＝jI20；
When v is20＜v≤v30When the magnet slab is in a normal state, the current value output by the central control machine to the magnet slab is adjusted to be I3j，I3j＝jI30；
When v is(n-1)0＜v≤vn0When the magnet slab is in a normal state, the current value output by the central control machine to the magnet slab is adjusted to be Inj，Inj＝jIn0。
3. The elevator car emergency braking system of claim 1, wherein a predetermined compression height matrix H is further provided in the center control machine0(H00，H10，H20，H30...Hn0) And platform height plan matrix H01(H01，H11，H21，H31...Hn1) (ii) a Wherein H00To a predetermined compression height, H10For a first predetermined compression height, H20For a second predetermined compression height, H30Third predetermined compression height, Hn0N-th preset compression height; h01Is the initial height of the platform, H11For a first height plan of the platform, H21For a second height plan of the platform, H31As a plateau third height plan, Hn1A plan for nth height of the platform;
when the elevator normally operates, the central control machine controls the elevator to adjust the platform and the internal height H of the air pit1Adjusted to an initial height H01(ii) a When the lift car falls, the central control machine can switch on the current I of each magnetic clamping plateniAnd the number j of the layers when the elevator falls is calculated to obtain the final speed v when the elevator car falls into the air pit after passing through the j layers of magnetic clamping plate layersFinal (a Chinese character of 'gan')And calculating the air height H of the compressed air in the air pit by combining the mass m of the car, the bottom area S of the car and the atmospheric pressure P2At this time, the central control machine will H2And H0The values in the matrix are compared:
when H is present00＜H2≤H10When the air pit is in the H state, the central control machine controls the platform to move and adjusts the height of the air pit to be H11；
When H is present10＜H2≤H20When the air pit is in the H state, the central control machine controls the platform to move and adjusts the height of the air pit to be H21；
When H is present20＜H2≤H30When the air pit is in the H state, the central control machine controls the platform to move and adjusts the height of the air pit to be H31；
When H is present(n-1)0＜H2≤Hn0When the air pit is in the H state, the central control machine controls the platform to move and adjusts the height of the air pit to be Hn1。
4. The elevator car emergency braking system of claim 1, wherein the car comprises:
the first brake plate is a plurality of copper plates and is respectively arranged on the outer wall of the car;
the second brake plate is a single copper plate and is arranged on the bottom surface of the car;
and the speed reduction fins are a plurality of slender copper plates, and are respectively arranged on two sides of the first brake plate and used for generating resistance in cooperation with the magnetic clamping plate layer.
5. The elevator car emergency braking system of claim 4, wherein the first braking plate disposed in the direction of the car doors is two metal plates disposed inside each door.
6. The elevator car emergency braking system of claim 1, wherein a single said electromagnetic clamping plate comprises two plate-like electromagnets of the same area, with a gap left between the electromagnets for passing said deceleration fin; the single permanent magnet clamping plate comprises two plate-shaped permanent magnets with the same area, and a gap is reserved between the two permanent magnets; when the elevator breaks down and leads to the car to fall, the permanent magnetism splint utilize lenz's law, use magnetic force to produce magnetic force eddy current field, and the circular telegram of electromagnetism splint produces magnetic force eddy current field in order to brake the car: when the speed reducing fin falls from the upper part of the magnetic clamping plate to enter the gap of the magnetic clamping plate, the magnetic clamping plate outputs vertical upward resistance to the speed reducing fin; when the speed-reducing fin falls and is separated from the gap of the magnetic clamping plate, the magnetic clamping plate outputs a vertical upward pulling force to the speed-reducing fin.
7. The elevator car emergency braking system of claim 1, wherein the cross-sectional shape at the air pit entrance is a clearance fit with the cross-sectional shape of the car, the fit being 7-10mm to prevent air from escaping from the air pit when the car is dropped.
8. The elevator car emergency braking system of claim 1, wherein the car is connected to a counterweight via a wire rope suspended from a designated part of the drive unit for suspending the car and counterweight; when the elevator is running, the drive unit starts and pulls the wire rope to move, thereby moving the car to a specified position.
9. The elevator car emergency braking system of claim 8, wherein the drive system comprises:
the motor is used for providing power for the movement of the lift car;
the brake is connected with the motor and used for braking the car when the motor stops;
the speed reducer is used for matching the rotating speed between the motor and the pulley;
a pulley for loading the wire rope;
when the elevator runs, the band-type brake is released, the motor is started, the rotating speed is adjusted to a specified value through the speed reducer, the torque is transmitted to the pulley, and the pulley drives the steel wire rope to move when rotating, so that the elevator car is driven; when the elevator breaks down to cause the car to fall, the motor stops operating, the band-type brake tightly embraces the steel wire rope, and the car is braked by the fixed steel wire rope.
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