CN111761303A - Cold forging processing technology of stepped hollow shaft - Google Patents
Cold forging processing technology of stepped hollow shaft Download PDFInfo
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- CN111761303A CN111761303A CN202010551495.2A CN202010551495A CN111761303A CN 111761303 A CN111761303 A CN 111761303A CN 202010551495 A CN202010551495 A CN 202010551495A CN 111761303 A CN111761303 A CN 111761303A
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- hollow shaft
- cold forging
- saponification
- shot blasting
- product
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
- B23P15/14—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass gear parts, e.g. gear wheels
Abstract
The invention discloses a cold forging processing technology of a stepped hollow shaft, which comprises the following processing steps: selecting materials, blanking, drilling and blank making, spheroidizing annealing, first shot blasting, first phosphorus saponification, hole expanding, first stress relief annealing, second shot blasting, second phosphorus saponification, perforation forward extrusion, second stress relief annealing, third shot blasting, third phosphorus saponification, perforation reducing, taking an end face and inspecting a finished product. The advantages are that: the size precision and the mechanical property of the hollow shaft can be improved, meanwhile, material loss hardly occurs in the machining process, the utilization rate of materials is improved, the coaxiality of products is within 0.2mm, and the roughness of an inner hole is less than or equal to Ra1.6.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a cold forging processing technology of a stepped hollow shaft.
Background
Traditional stairstepping hollow shaft comes through metal cutting, because adopt cutting process in a large number, consequently the material loss of production process is great, and a lot of step shafts all can involve BTA simultaneously, and BTA can meet following problem in the course of working: firstly, because the diameter of an inner hole of a product is limited, the diameter and the length of a used cutter are limited, so that the rigidity and the strength of the cutter are poor, and the defects of vibration, corrugation, taper and the like are easily generated in the processing process, thereby influencing the straightness and the surface roughness of the inner hole; secondly, the using condition of the cutter cannot be directly observed in the machining process; cutting and discharging difficulty in the machining process; and fourthly, because the product length is long, the cutting fluid is difficult to enter the cutting position, the heat dissipation condition of the cutter is poor, the temperature is easy to rise in the cutting process, and the durability of the cutter is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: provides a cold forging processing technique of a stepped hollow shaft, which can improve the dimensional precision and the mechanical property of the hollow shaft.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a cold forging processing technology of a stepped hollow shaft comprises the following processing steps: selecting materials, blanking, drilling and blank making, spheroidizing annealing, first shot blasting, first phosphorus saponification, hole expanding, first stress relief annealing, second shot blasting, second phosphorus saponification, perforation forward extrusion, second stress relief annealing, third shot blasting, third phosphorus saponification, perforation reducing, taking an end face and inspecting a finished product.
In order to better solve the technical problems: selecting materials: selecting round steel with the bar diameter close to the maximum outer diameter of the product; blanking: and sawing and cutting the selected round steel by using a circular saw.
In order to better solve the technical problems: drilling and blank making: because the diameters of the bars have different sizes, the blank is made to be consistent through blank making, a lathe is used for drilling small holes, and the lower part is turned into the horn mouth taper.
In order to better solve the technical problems: and (3) spheroidizing annealing: heating the steel to 20-30 ℃ above the Ac1 temperature, preserving the heat for half an hour, then slowly cooling to a temperature slightly lower than Ac1 temperature, and staying for half an hour to finish the structure transformation, so as to obtain a structure of spherical or granular carbide uniformly distributed on a ferrite matrix; the first shot blasting, the second shot blasting and the third shot blasting: spraying a workpiece by using a steel shot to remove an oxide skin generated on the surface of the workpiece due to annealing; the first phosphorization and saponification, the second phosphorization and saponification and the third phosphorization and saponification: pickling the product after shot blasting in a pickling tank for 15-25min, rinsing with clear water for 1-3mi, then immersing in a phosphating tank for phosphating for 15-25min, rinsing with clear water for 1-3min, immersing in a saponification tank for saponification for 6-10min, and preparing for lubrication in an extrusion process; the first stress relief annealing and the second stress relief annealing: heating the workpiece to 650 +/-20 ℃ and preserving the heat for a period of time, and then slowly cooling the workpiece to eliminate the internal stress of the product caused by the previous deformation process and prevent the product from cracking due to multiple times of extrusion.
In order to better solve the technical problems: reaming: and (5) performing cold forging and reaming process to ream the diameter of the blank to the diameter of the product.
In order to better solve the technical problems: the perforation is positively extruded: the forward extrusion punch penetrates through a ligament part of a forward extrusion die of a product to protect the diameter of an inner hole, and meanwhile, the outer diameter of the product is reduced to a required size through a forward extrusion process, and the required step height is controlled.
In order to better solve the technical problems: and (3) reducing the diameter of the perforation: and (3) under the premise of protecting the small hole of the inner cavity from deformation, the reducing punch lengthens the small head of the workpiece to the step length required by the drawing through reducing.
The invention has the advantages that: the cold forging processing technology of the stepped hollow shaft can improve the dimensional precision and the mechanical property of the hollow shaft, almost no material loss is generated in the processing process, the utilization rate of materials is improved, the coaxiality of products is within 0.2mm, and the roughness of inner holes is less than or equal to Ra1.6.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the shape change process of a product obtained by the cold forging process for a stepped hollow shaft according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The details of the present invention are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
As shown in figure 1, the cold forging processing technology of the stepped hollow shaft is characterized in that: the method comprises the following process steps: selecting materials, blanking, drilling and blank making, spheroidizing annealing, first shot blasting, first phosphorus saponification, hole expanding, first stress relief annealing, second shot blasting, second phosphorus saponification, perforation forward extrusion, second stress relief annealing, third shot blasting, third phosphorus saponification, perforation reducing, taking an end face and inspecting a finished product.
In this embodiment: selecting materials: selecting round steel with the bar diameter close to the maximum outer diameter of the product; blanking: and sawing and cutting the selected round steel by using a circular saw. Drilling and blank making: because the diameters of the bars have different sizes, the blank is made to be consistent through blank making, a lathe is used for drilling small holes, and the lower part is turned into the horn mouth taper. And (3) spheroidizing annealing: heating the steel to 20-30 ℃ above the Ac1 temperature, preserving the heat for half an hour, then slowly cooling to a temperature slightly lower than Ac1 temperature, and staying for half an hour to finish the structure transformation, so as to obtain a structure of spherical or granular carbide uniformly distributed on a ferrite matrix; the first shot blasting, the second shot blasting and the third shot blasting: spraying a workpiece by using a steel shot to remove an oxide skin generated on the surface of the workpiece due to annealing; the first phosphorization and saponification, the second phosphorization and saponification and the third phosphorization and saponification: pickling the product after shot blasting in a pickling tank for 15-25min, rinsing with clear water for 1-3mi, then immersing in a phosphating tank for phosphating for 15-25min, rinsing with clear water for 1-3min, immersing in a saponification tank for saponification for 6-10min, and preparing for lubrication in an extrusion process; the first stress relief annealing and the second stress relief annealing: heating the workpiece to 650 +/-20 ℃ and preserving the heat for a period of time, and then slowly cooling the workpiece to eliminate the internal stress of the product caused by the previous deformation process and prevent the product from cracking due to multiple times of extrusion. Reaming: and (5) performing cold forging and reaming process to ream the diameter of the blank to the diameter of the product. The perforation is positively extruded: the forward extrusion punch penetrates through a ligament part of a forward extrusion die of a product to protect the diameter of an inner hole, and meanwhile, the outer diameter of the product is reduced to a required size through a forward extrusion process, and the required step height is controlled. And (3) reducing the diameter of the perforation: and (3) under the premise of protecting the small hole of the inner cavity from deformation, the reducing punch lengthens the small head of the workpiece to the step length required by the drawing through reducing.
The cold forging processing technology of the stepped hollow shaft can improve the dimensional precision and the mechanical property of the hollow shaft, almost no material loss is generated in the processing process, the utilization rate of materials is improved, the coaxiality of products is within 0.2mm, and the roughness of inner holes is less than or equal to Ra1.6.
Claims (7)
1. A cold forging processing technology of a stepped hollow shaft is characterized in that: the method comprises the following process steps: selecting materials, blanking, drilling and blank making, spheroidizing annealing, first shot blasting, first phosphorus saponification, hole expanding, first stress relief annealing, second shot blasting, second phosphorus saponification, perforation forward extrusion, second stress relief annealing, third shot blasting, third phosphorus saponification, perforation reducing, taking an end face and inspecting a finished product.
2. A cold forging process for a stepped hollow shaft according to claim 1, wherein: selecting materials: selecting round steel with the bar diameter close to the maximum outer diameter of the product; blanking: and sawing and cutting the selected round steel by using a circular saw.
3. A cold forging process for a stepped hollow shaft according to claim 2, wherein: drilling and blank making: because the diameters of the bars have different sizes, the blank is made to be consistent through blank making, a lathe is used for drilling small holes, and the lower part is turned into the horn mouth taper.
4. A cold forging process for a stepped hollow shaft according to claim 3, wherein: and (3) spheroidizing annealing: heating the steel to 20-30 ℃ above the Ac1 temperature, preserving the heat for half an hour, then slowly cooling to a temperature slightly lower than Ac1 temperature, and staying for half an hour to finish the structure transformation, so as to obtain a structure of spherical or granular carbide uniformly distributed on a ferrite matrix; the first shot blasting, the second shot blasting and the third shot blasting: spraying a workpiece by using a steel shot to remove an oxide skin generated on the surface of the workpiece due to annealing; the first phosphorization and saponification, the second phosphorization and saponification and the third phosphorization and saponification: pickling the product after shot blasting in a pickling tank for 15-25min, rinsing with clear water for 1-3mi, then immersing in a phosphating tank for phosphating for 15-25min, rinsing with clear water for 1-3min, immersing in a saponification tank for saponification for 6-10min, and preparing for lubrication in an extrusion process; the first stress relief annealing and the second stress relief annealing: heating the workpiece to 650 +/-20 ℃ and preserving the heat for a period of time, and then slowly cooling the workpiece to eliminate the internal stress of the product caused by the previous deformation process and prevent the product from cracking due to multiple times of extrusion.
5. A cold forging process for a stepped hollow shaft according to claim 4, wherein: reaming: and (5) performing cold forging and reaming process to ream the diameter of the blank to the diameter of the product.
6. A cold forging process for a stepped hollow shaft according to claim 5, wherein: the perforation is positively extruded: the forward extrusion punch penetrates through a ligament part of a forward extrusion die of a product to protect the diameter of an inner hole, and meanwhile, the outer diameter of the product is reduced to a required size through a forward extrusion process, and the required step height is controlled.
7. A cold forging process for a stepped hollow shaft according to claim 6, wherein: and (3) reducing the diameter of the perforation: and (3) under the premise of protecting the small hole of the inner cavity from deformation, the reducing punch lengthens the small head of the workpiece to the step length required by the drawing through reducing.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010551495.2A CN111761303A (en) | 2020-06-17 | 2020-06-17 | Cold forging processing technology of stepped hollow shaft |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202010551495.2A CN111761303A (en) | 2020-06-17 | 2020-06-17 | Cold forging processing technology of stepped hollow shaft |
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| CN111761303A true CN111761303A (en) | 2020-10-13 |
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| CN202010551495.2A Pending CN111761303A (en) | 2020-06-17 | 2020-06-17 | Cold forging processing technology of stepped hollow shaft |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115106728A (en) * | 2022-07-20 | 2022-09-27 | 江苏龙城精锻集团有限公司 | Steel cover plate part of air-conditioning compressor and manufacturing process thereof |
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| US5293766A (en) * | 1992-12-25 | 1994-03-15 | Chang Fu Hsing | Method for making slender seamless steel mold |
| CN102513792A (en) * | 2011-12-28 | 2012-06-27 | 上海久丰汽车零件有限公司 | Cold extrusion forming process for oil pump shaft for automobile |
| CN103522000A (en) * | 2013-09-27 | 2014-01-22 | 盐城金刚星齿轮厂 | Machine tool spindle blank processing method |
| CN105039863A (en) * | 2015-09-02 | 2015-11-11 | 山西太钢不锈钢股份有限公司 | Manufacturing method of martensite stainless steel seamless tube for oil well |
| CN105945519A (en) * | 2016-05-24 | 2016-09-21 | 江苏创汽车零部件有限公司 | Cold forging forming technology of hollow pipe output shaft |
| CN106334906A (en) * | 2016-11-15 | 2017-01-18 | 重庆帅邦机械有限公司 | Automobile part surface processing method |
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2020
- 2020-06-17 CN CN202010551495.2A patent/CN111761303A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5293766A (en) * | 1992-12-25 | 1994-03-15 | Chang Fu Hsing | Method for making slender seamless steel mold |
| CN102513792A (en) * | 2011-12-28 | 2012-06-27 | 上海久丰汽车零件有限公司 | Cold extrusion forming process for oil pump shaft for automobile |
| CN103522000A (en) * | 2013-09-27 | 2014-01-22 | 盐城金刚星齿轮厂 | Machine tool spindle blank processing method |
| CN105039863A (en) * | 2015-09-02 | 2015-11-11 | 山西太钢不锈钢股份有限公司 | Manufacturing method of martensite stainless steel seamless tube for oil well |
| CN105945519A (en) * | 2016-05-24 | 2016-09-21 | 江苏创汽车零部件有限公司 | Cold forging forming technology of hollow pipe output shaft |
| CN106334906A (en) * | 2016-11-15 | 2017-01-18 | 重庆帅邦机械有限公司 | Automobile part surface processing method |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115106728A (en) * | 2022-07-20 | 2022-09-27 | 江苏龙城精锻集团有限公司 | Steel cover plate part of air-conditioning compressor and manufacturing process thereof |
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Application publication date: 20201013 |