CN111758574A - Grape anther induction culture medium for improving embryogenic callus induction rate - Google Patents
Grape anther induction culture medium for improving embryogenic callus induction rate Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a grape anther induction culture medium for improving embryogenic callus induction rate, which comprises macroelements (KNO)3、NH4NO3、KH2PO4、CaCl2·2H2O、Mg2SO4KCl), trace elements (KI, H)3BO3、MnSO4·4H2O、ZnSO4·7H2O、Na2MoO4·2H2O、CuSO4·5H2O、CoCl2·6H2O,), iron salts and complexes (FeSO)4·7H2O、Na2-EDTA), organic components (inositol, vitamin B1, vitamin B6, niacin, biotin, vitamin C, taurine, serine, glycine, phenylalanine, fumaric acid), other additional components (casein hydrolysate, thiourea, sodium nitroprusside, sodium naphthenate, dicamba, 6-BA, grape seed meal, extract of radicular ragged roots), carbon source and coagulants (sucrose, vegetable gel, ground root extract), and a method for producing a plant product from a plant product). The method can obviously improve the induction rate of the embryonic callus of the grape anther, and has important significance for improving the grape anther culture method and improving the grape anther culture efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of plant tissue culture, in particular to a grape anther induction culture medium capable of improving the embryogenic callus induction rate.
Background
Grapes (academic name:Vitis viniferal..) also called Caolong bead, Tilia seed, hickory nut, etc., is a woody vine plant of the genus Vitis of the family Vitaceae, and is called "Pu-pottery", "Pu-grape", "Pu-Yao" and "grape peach" in ancient China, which is the oldest Chinese herbOne of the fruits of (1). The grapes are bright in color, sour and sweet in taste and high in nutritive value, are well loved by people and are called as 'crystal pearl'. The glucose has high sugar content, mainly comprises glucose, and also comprises fructose, sucrose and the like. The grapes are rich in protein, multivitamins, carbohydrates, fat, dietary fibers, various minerals such as calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, iron and manganese, and various amino acids and fruit acids required by human bodies. The grape wine has mild nature and sweet and sour taste, and has the effects of tonifying qi and blood, invigorating spleen and promoting appetite, refreshing and relieving fatigue, calming nerves and helping sleep, maintaining beauty and keeping young, promoting urination and the like. Grapes are cultivated in western regions of Asia, which is the world with the largest yield and the widest cultivation area. At present, the number of grape varieties in the world is more than 8000, about 800 grape varieties exist in China, and only dozens of varieties with excellent cultivation in production are available. The grapes can be classified into fresh food, wine brewing, dried production, other processing varieties and stock varieties according to the purposes. Has three basic purposes of dry making, fresh eating and wine brewing.
China is a world large grape production country, the total grape yield is the first world, the area is the second world, and the fresh grape yield accounts for nearly half of the total world yield, thus making a great contribution to the development of the world grape industry. In grape breeding practice, a new variety is mainly bred through sexual hybridization. The grape has the same effect as most fruit trees, the juvenile period is longer, and the genetic background is complex, so that the conventional cross breeding period is long, the efficiency is low, and the pure line is extremely difficult to obtain. Along with the improvement of the requirements of people on the quality, adaptability and the like of the fruits, the acceleration of the improvement of grape varieties is more important, and the haploid means provides a new way for solving the problems. Haploid individuals contain only the number of gametic chromosomes, which are highly sterile due to abnormal meiosis during sexual reproduction. Haploid breeding is to induce the generation of plant haploid by tissue culture technology, obtain homozygous fertile Dihaploid (DH) after doubling chromosome, carry out molecular marking, map construction and genetic analysis, and can also be directly used as parent for crossbreeding to accelerate breeding process. Therefore, the haploid plant is a precious material in the research fields of high-quality breeding of fruit trees, genetic transformation, molecular biology and the like.
Haploid materials can be obtained by natural occurrence and artificial induction, wherein the frequency of natural occurrence is only 0.001% -0.01%, and the application in practice is difficult. In the current artificial haploid induction method, anther culture is most widely applied. The anther culture is a technology for producing haploid plants with half-reduced chromosomes by taking a plant tissue culture technology as a basis, carrying out isolated culture on anthers with microspores developing to a certain stage under an aseptic condition, providing a proper culture condition, and inducing the microspores to develop towards a sporophyte way. In recent 30 years, the research and development of anther culture technology are rapid, the anther culture technology is widely applied to more than 200 plants, especially the plants of gramineae, solanaceae, cruciferae and the like, the research is most successful, and a large number of anther culture varieties with popularization values are obtained.
Compared with the above plants, the haploid breeding of fruit trees is slow, has a plurality of limiting factors, and is not widely applied to breeding practice for a while. For grapes, although success in obtaining haploid or other ploidy plants through anther culture has been reported at present, the induction rate is extremely low, the repeatability is poor, and the utilization is difficult. Research shows that many factors influence the cultivation of plant anther, and the main factors include genotype, physiological state of donor plant, pollen development period, culture medium components, pretreatment, temperature, illumination conditions, etc. The culture medium is one of the key factors for the success of anther culture, and the components of the culture medium not only comprise nutrients such as macroelements, microelements, organic substances and iron salts which are necessary for pollen development, but also comprise a plant growth regulator, a carbon source and some additional substances. But a special culture medium capable of improving the induction efficiency of the grape anther is lacked at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a grape anther induction culture medium capable of improving the embryogenic callus induction rate, so that the grape anther culture efficiency is improved, and the grape haploid breeding process is promoted.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a grape anther induction culture medium for improving the embryogenic callus induction rate is characterized in that the formula of the culture medium is as follows:
macroelements: KNO32500~2800mg/L,(NH4)2SO4106~134mg/L,NaH2PO4·2H2O 200~230mg/L,CaCl2·2H2O 177~205mg/L,MgSO4145~175mg/L,KCl 84~110mg/L;
Trace elements: MnSO4·4H2O 9.3~11.1mg/L,ZnSO4·7H2O 1.5~2.5mg/L,H3BO35.0~7.0mg/L,KI 0.7~0.8mg/L,Na2MoO4·2H2O 0.4~0.6mg/L,CuSO4·5H2O 0.02~0.03mg/L,CoCl2·6H2O 0.02~0.03mg/L;
Iron salts and complexes: FeSO4·7H2O 26.4~30.2mg/L,Na2-EDTA 35.7~39.3mg/L;
Organic components: 80-100 mg/L of inositol, 17.0-10.0 mg/L of vitamin B, 61.0-3.0 mg/L of vitamin B, 0.5-1.5 mg/L of nicotinic acid, 0.6-1.0 mg/L of biotin, 3.0-5.0 mg/L of vitamin C, 0.5-1.5 mg/L of taurine, 1.5-2.5 mg/L of serine, 1.5-2.5 mg/L of glycine, 20-26 mg/L of phenylalanine and 33-39 mg/L of fumaric acid;
other additional ingredients: 95-115 mg/L of casein hydrolysate, 10-15 mg/L of thiourea, 45-55 mu mol/L of sodium nitroprusside, 0.8-1.2 mg/L of sodium naphthenate, 0.8-1.2 mg/L of dicamba, 1.8-2.2 mg/L of 6-BA, 0.3-0.5 g/L of grape seed powder and 55-65 ml/L of a groundsel rooting extracting solution;
carbon source and coagulant: 25-35 g/L of sucrose and 5-7 g/L of plant gel.
The optimal formula of the culture medium is as follows:
macroelements: KNO32650mg/L,(NH4)2SO4120mg/L,NaH2PO4·2H2O 215mg/L,CaCl2·2H2O191mg/L,MgSO4160mg/L,KCl 97mg/L;
Trace elements: MnSO4·4H2O 10.2mg/L,ZnSO4·7H2O 2.0mg/L,H3BO36.0mg/L,KI 0.75mg/L,Na2MoO4·2H2O 0.5mg/L,CuSO4·5H2O 0.025mg/L,CoCl2·6H2O 0.025mg/L;
Iron salts and complexes: FeSO4·7H2O 28.3mg/L,Na2-EDTA 37.4mg/L;
Organic components: 90mg/L of inositol, 18.5mg/L of vitamin B, 62.0mg/L of vitamin B, 1.0mg/L of nicotinic acid, 0.8mg/L of biotin, 4.0mg/L of vitamin C, 1.0mg/L of taurine, 2.0mg/L of serine, 2.0mg/L of glycine, 23mg/L of phenylalanine and 36mg/L of fumaric acid;
other additional ingredients: 105mg/L of casein hydrolysate, 12.5mg/L of thiourea, 50 mu mol/L of sodium nitroprusside, 1.0mg/L of sodium naphthenate, 1.0mg/L of dicamba, 2.0mg/L of 6-BA, 0.4g/L of grape seed powder and 60ml/L of extract of roots falling to the ground;
carbon source and coagulant: 30g/L of sucrose and 6g/L of plant gel.
The pH value of the culture medium is adjusted to 5.5-5.8.
The preparation method of the extract of the terrestrial root in the culture medium comprises the following steps: weighing 100g of fresh leaves of the roots falling to the ground, grinding the leaves by using a mortar, adding 150ml of normal saline to soak the leaves for 4 hours, filtering the leaves by using double-layer gauze, centrifuging the filtrate for 20 minutes under the condition of 4000r/min, and taking supernatant for later use.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the induction medium provided by the invention is optimized on the basis of the prior art, and by designing the components of the medium, such as changing the concentrations of certain major elements and trace elements, and increasing more abundant organic components such as vitamin C, taurine, serine, glycine, phenylalanine, fumaric acid and the like, in particular the addition of additional components such as casein hydrolysate, thiourea, sodium nitroprusside, sodium naphthenate, dicamba, 6-BA, grape seed powder, a groundsel root extracting solution and the like, the induction rate of the embryonic callus of the grape anther is greatly improved. The method is beneficial to optimizing the grape anther culture method, improves the grape anther culture efficiency and lays a foundation for the application of grape haploid breeding.
Detailed Description
The following examples are provided to further illustrate the beneficial effects of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the invention.
Example 1
1 test Material
1.1 test materials
2 fresh-eating grape varieties of Victoria and Imperial concubine rose are used as anther culture materials.
1.2 culture Medium
The formulation of the induction medium is as follows:
macroelements: KNO32650mg/L,(NH4)2SO4120mg/L,NaH2PO4·2H2O 215mg/L,CaCl2·2H2O191mg/L,MgSO4160mg/L,KCl 97mg/L;
Trace elements: MnSO4·4H2O 10.2mg/L,ZnSO4·7H2O 2.0mg/L,H3BO36.0mg/L,KI 0.75mg/L,Na2MoO4·2H2O 0.5mg/L,CuSO4·5H2O 0.025mg/L,CoCl2·6H2O 0.025mg/L;
Iron salts and complexes: FeSO4·7H2O 28.3mg/L,Na2-EDTA 37.4mg/L;
Organic components: 90mg/L of inositol, 18.5mg/L of vitamin B, 62.0mg/L of vitamin B, 1.0mg/L of nicotinic acid, 0.8mg/L of biotin, 4.0mg/L of vitamin C, 1.0mg/L of taurine, 2.0mg/L of serine, 2.0mg/L of glycine, 23mg/L of phenylalanine and 36mg/L of fumaric acid;
other additional ingredients: 105mg/L of casein hydrolysate, 12.5mg/L of thiourea, 1.0mg/L of dicamba, 2.0mg/L of 6-BA and 0.4g/L of grape seed powder;
carbon source and coagulant: 30g/L of sucrose and 6g/L of plant gel;
the pH value of the culture medium is adjusted to 5.5-5.8.
2 test method
2.1 taking materials
Collecting inflorescence from the tested plants 10-15 days before the flowering of the grapes, and observing the pollen development period by using an acetic acid magenta tabletting method every day before nine am. And (4) selecting anthers of which the pollen development period is the mononuclear border period for inoculation, and recording the external morphological characteristics of the inflorescences at the moment as the material taking standard. And (4) pretreating the inflorescences in a refrigerator at the low temperature of 4 ℃ for 4-5 days.
2.2 anther Disinfection, inoculation
Washing the inflorescence with running water for more than 30min, and then sterilizing according to the following procedures: soaking in 75% ethanol for 30s, washing with sterilized distilled water for 1 time; soaking in 0.1% mercuric chloride water solution for 15min, shaking for 1 time every 3min, and washing with sterilized distilled water for 4 times. Peeling off anthers under aseptic conditions, inoculating the anthers into an induction culture medium, wherein the inoculation density is 40-50 anthers are inoculated in each bottle, and culturing in a constant-temperature incubator at 25 ℃ in a dark environment.
Embryogenic callus induction (%) = number of anthers producing embryogenic callus/total number of inoculated anthers × 100.
Design of the experiment
3.1 Effect of sodium nitroprusside on Induction of embryogenic callus of grape anther
Sodium nitroprusside with different concentrations is added into an induction culture medium, and the treatment concentration is 0, 1, 10, 50 and 100 mu mol/L. Anthers of 2 grape varieties were inoculated onto the induction medium according to the above-described sterilization and inoculation method, and the embryogenic callus induction rate was counted after one month, and the results are shown in table 1 below.
As can be seen from Table 1, sodium nitroprusside has an effect on the formation of embryogenic callus of grape anther and has a significant concentration-dependent effect. With the increase of the concentration of the sodium nitroprusside, the induction rate of the embryogenic callus is gradually improved, and when the concentration of the sodium nitroprusside is 50 mu mol/L, the induction rate of the embryogenic callus of the Victoria and the Imperial concubine rose reaches the maximum value; when the concentration of sodium nitroprusside is 100 mu mol/L, the formation of embryogenic callus can be obviously promoted, but the effect is not as good as 50 mu mol/L sodium nitroprusside. As can be seen, it is preferable to add 50. mu. mol/L sodium nitroprusside to the induction medium.
3.2 Effect of sodium naphthenate on Induction of embryogenic callus of anther of Vitis vinifera
Sodium naphthenate with different concentrations is added into an induction culture medium, the treatment concentration is 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0mg/L, anthers of 2 grape varieties are inoculated onto the induction culture medium according to the disinfection and inoculation method, induction culture is carried out after the anthers are inoculated, the embryogenic callus induction rate is counted after one month, and the result is shown in the following table 2.
As can be seen from Table 2, the embryogenic callus induction rates were improved to different degrees by inoculating anthers on induction media supplemented with different sodium naphthenate concentrations. When the concentration of the sodium naphthenate is 1.0mg/L, the induction capability of the grape anther embryonic callus is strongest, the induction rates of the embryonic callus of Victoria and Imperial concubine rose reach maximum values respectively, are 14.88 percent and 19.00 percent respectively, and are respectively improved by 5.59 percent and 4.47 percent compared with the induction rate of a control. From this, it was determined that sodium naphthenate was preferably added to the induction medium at a concentration of 1.0 mg/L.
3.3 Effect of extract of Fall-Pond rooting on the Induction of embryogenic callus of anther of grape
The preparation method of the extract of the fallen roots comprises the following steps: weighing 100g of fresh leaves of the roots falling to the ground, grinding the leaves by using a mortar, adding 150ml of normal saline to soak the leaves for 4 hours, filtering the leaves by using double-layer gauze, centrifuging the filtrate for 20 minutes under the condition of 4000r/min, and taking supernatant for later use.
Adding the extract of the rhizoid landform roots with different concentrations into the induction culture medium, treating the culture medium with the concentrations of 0, 20, 40, 60 and 80ml/L, inoculating the anthers of 2 grape varieties to the induction culture medium according to the disinfection and inoculation method, and counting the induction rate of the embryogenic callus after one month, wherein the results are shown in the following table 3.
As can be seen from Table 3, the embryogenic callus induction rate gradually increased with the increase of the concentration of the extract from Fall rooting, when the concentration of the extract from Fall rooting was 60ml/L, the embryogenic callus induction rates of "Victoria" and "Imperial concubine Rose" were 15.05% and 19.22%, respectively, and when the concentration of the extract from Fall rooting was increased to 80ml/L, the embryogenic callus induction rates of 2 materials did not change significantly. Therefore, 60ml/L of the extract of the rootlet falling into the field is preferably added to the induction medium.
Example 2
Effect of different Induction Medium on Induction of embryogenic callus of grape anther
The culture medium of the invention: KNO32650mg/L,(NH4)2SO4120mg/L,NaH2PO4·2H2O 215mg/L,CaCl2·2H2O 191mg/L,MgSO4160mg/L,KCl 97mg/L,MnSO4·4H2O 10.2mg/L,ZnSO4·7H2O 2.0mg/L,H3BO36.0mg/L,KI 0.75mg/L,Na2MoO4·2H2O 0.25mg/L,CuSO4·5H2O 0.025mg/L,CoCl2·6H2O 0.025mg/L,FeSO4·7H2O 28.3mg/L,Na237.4mg/L of EDTA, 90mg/L of inositol, 18.5mg/L of vitamin B, 62.0 mg/L of vitamin B, 1.0mg/L of nicotinic acid, 0.8mg/L of biotin, 4.0mg/L of vitamin C, 1.0mg/L of taurine, 2.0mg/L of serine, 2.0mg/L of glycine, 23mg/L of phenylalanine, 36mg/L of fumaric acid, 105mg/L of casein hydrolysate, 12.5mg/L of thiourea, 50 mu mol/L of sodium nitroprusside, 1.0mg/L of sodium naphthenate, 1.0mg/L of dicamba, 6-BA2.0mg/L of grape seed powder, 60ml/L of a rhizogenesis extract, 30g/L of sucrose and 6g/L of plant gel.
Control medium 1: b is5+6-BA 4.0mg/L +2, 4-D0.7 mg/L + CH 1.0g/L + PVP 1.0g/L + sucrose 30g/L (Calcite, et al, research on embryoid induction and regeneration of plants in Guangxi-2 anthers of Vitis vinifera L.K.).
Control medium 2: improvement B5+ BA2.0mg/L +2, 4-D0.5 mg/L + sucrose 3% + agar 0.6% (Zhongchangjie et al, Induction of grape pollen plants).
According to the method of example 1, anthers of 2 grape varieties were inoculated onto the different induction media, cultured in a constant temperature incubator at 25 ℃ in the dark, and the embryogenic callus induction rate was counted after one month, and the results are shown in Table 4 below.
As can be seen from Table 4, the induction medium provided by the invention has the induction rates of 19.50% and 24.29% for the embryogenic callus of the grape varieties Victoria and Imperial concubine rose respectively, the average induction rate is 21.90%, and the induction rates of the two control media are only 3.95% and 7.62%, which can show that the induction medium provided by the invention can significantly improve the induction rate of the embryogenic callus of the grape anther, and has important significance for improving the grape anther culture method and the grape anther culture efficiency.
The above is, of course, only a specific application example of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited in any way. In addition to the above embodiments, the present invention may have other embodiments, and any technical solutions formed by equivalent substitutions or equivalent transformations are within the scope of the present invention as claimed.
Claims (4)
1. A grape anther induction culture medium for improving the embryogenic callus induction rate is characterized in that the formula of the culture medium is as follows:
macroelements: KNO32500~2800mg/L,(NH4)2SO4106~134mg/L,NaH2PO4·2H2O 200~230mg/L,CaCl2·2H2O 177~205mg/L,MgSO4145~175mg/L,KCl 84~110mg/L;
Trace elements: MnSO4·4H2O 9.3~11.1mg/L,ZnSO4·7H2O 1.5~2.5mg/L,H3BO35.0~7.0mg/L,KI 0.7~0.8mg/L,Na2MoO4·2H2O 0.4~0.6mg/L,CuSO4·5H2O 0.02~0.03mg/L,CoCl2·6H2O 0.02~0.03mg/L;
Iron salts and complexes: FeSO4·7H2O 26.4~30.2mg/L,Na2-EDTA 35.7~39.3mg/L;
Organic components: 80-100 mg/L of inositol, 17.0-10.0 mg/L of vitamin B, 61.0-3.0 mg/L of vitamin B, 0.5-1.5 mg/L of nicotinic acid, 0.6-1.0 mg/L of biotin, 3.0-5.0 mg/L of vitamin C, 0.5-1.5 mg/L of taurine, 1.5-2.5 mg/L of serine, 1.5-2.5 mg/L of glycine, 20-26 mg/L of phenylalanine and 33-39 mg/L of fumaric acid;
other additional ingredients: 95-115 mg/L of casein hydrolysate, 10-15 mg/L of thiourea, 45-55 mu mol/L of sodium nitroprusside, 0.8-1.2 mg/L of sodium naphthenate, 0.8-1.2 mg/L of dicamba, 1.8-2.2 mg/L of 6-BA, 0.3-0.5 g/L of grape seed powder and 55-65 ml/L of a groundsel rooting extracting solution;
carbon source and coagulant: 25-35 g/L of sucrose and 5-7 g/L of plant gel.
2. The grape anther induction medium for improving embryogenic callus induction rate as claimed in claim 1, wherein the optimal formulation of the culture medium is:
macroelements: KNO32650mg/L,(NH4)2SO4120mg/L,NaH2PO4·2H2O 215mg/L,CaCl2·2H2O191mg/L,MgSO4160mg/L,KCl 97mg/L;
Trace elements: MnSO4·4H2O 10.2mg/L,ZnSO4·7H2O 2.0mg/L,H3BO36.0mg/L,KI 0.75mg/L,Na2MoO4·2H2O 0.5mg/L,CuSO4·5H2O 0.025mg/L,CoCl2·6H2O 0.025mg/L;
Iron salts and complexes: FeSO4·7H2O 28.3mg/L,Na2-EDTA 37.4mg/L;
Organic components: 90mg/L of inositol, 18.5mg/L of vitamin B, 62.0mg/L of vitamin B, 1.0mg/L of nicotinic acid, 0.8mg/L of biotin, 4.0mg/L of vitamin C, 1.0mg/L of taurine, 2.0mg/L of serine, 2.0mg/L of glycine, 23mg/L of phenylalanine and 36mg/L of fumaric acid;
other additional ingredients: 105mg/L of casein hydrolysate, 12.5mg/L of thiourea, 50 mu mol/L of sodium nitroprusside, 1.0mg/L of sodium naphthenate, 1.0mg/L of dicamba, 2.0mg/L of 6-BA, 0.4g/L of grape seed powder and 60ml/L of extract of roots falling to the ground;
carbon source and coagulant: 30g/L of sucrose and 6g/L of plant gel.
3. The grape anther induction medium for increasing the embryogenic callus induction rate according to claim 1, wherein the pH of the culture medium is adjusted to 5.5-5.8.
4. The grape anther induction medium for improving the embryogenic callus induction rate as claimed in claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the extract of the terrestrial root in the culture medium comprises: weighing 100g of fresh leaves of the roots falling to the ground, grinding the leaves by using a mortar, adding 150ml of normal saline to soak the leaves for 4 hours, filtering the leaves by using double-layer gauze, centrifuging the filtrate for 20 minutes under the condition of 4000r/min, and taking supernatant for later use.
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CN115211370A (en) * | 2022-08-18 | 2022-10-21 | 西北农林科技大学 | Cabernet sauvignon flower organ callus induction culture medium and culture method |
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CN103444523A (en) * | 2013-01-08 | 2013-12-18 | 河南省农业科学院烟草研究所 | Method for quickly introducing embryonic callus through anther to regenerate plant |
CN104686361A (en) * | 2015-03-20 | 2015-06-10 | 浙江万里学院 | Induction and culture method of embryonic callus of grape |
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CN103444523A (en) * | 2013-01-08 | 2013-12-18 | 河南省农业科学院烟草研究所 | Method for quickly introducing embryonic callus through anther to regenerate plant |
CN104686361A (en) * | 2015-03-20 | 2015-06-10 | 浙江万里学院 | Induction and culture method of embryonic callus of grape |
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CN115211370A (en) * | 2022-08-18 | 2022-10-21 | 西北农林科技大学 | Cabernet sauvignon flower organ callus induction culture medium and culture method |
CN115211370B (en) * | 2022-08-18 | 2023-09-01 | 西北农林科技大学 | Cabernet sauvignon flower organ callus induction medium and culture method |
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Application publication date: 20201013 |