CN111756557B - Data transmission method and device - Google Patents

Data transmission method and device Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111756557B
CN111756557B CN201910230996.8A CN201910230996A CN111756557B CN 111756557 B CN111756557 B CN 111756557B CN 201910230996 A CN201910230996 A CN 201910230996A CN 111756557 B CN111756557 B CN 111756557B
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network device
transmission path
transmission
target data
forwarding table
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CN111756557A (en
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高红亮
胡农达
涂伯颜
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Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
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Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L41/00—Arrangements for maintenance, administration or management of data switching networks, e.g. of packet switching networks
    • H04L41/50—Network service management, e.g. ensuring proper service fulfilment according to agreements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L45/00—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
    • H04L45/24—Multipath
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L45/00—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
    • H04L45/38—Flow based routing

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  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Data Exchanges In Wide-Area Networks (AREA)

Abstract

The embodiment of the application provides a data transmission method and device, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the first network device receives a target data packet; determining a target data flow to which the target data packet belongs according to the target data packet; determining whether the first network device stores a first forwarding table item of the target data stream, wherein the first forwarding table item indicates the first network device to send data packets belonging to the target data stream to the second network device via the first transmission path; determining a second transmission path according to QoS information of the target data flow and determining a second forwarding table of the target data flow according to the second transmission path when the first network device does not store the first forwarding table, wherein the second transmission path is a transmission path meeting the transmission quality required by the QoS information indication, and the second forwarding table indicates the first network device to send data packets belonging to the target data flow to the second network device through the second transmission path; and sending the target data packet to the second network equipment according to the second forwarding table item.

Description

Data transmission method and device
Technical Field
The present disclosure relates to the field of communications technologies, and in particular, to a data transmission method and apparatus.
Background
With the rapid development of the internet and cloud computing, the human society enters a digital age of the rapid development, and network services show explosive growth, and a large number of network applications such as online shopping, social networks, games, high-frequency financial transactions, network streaming media (4K/8K video, AR/VR and the like), online offices and the like are filling the lives of people. When data flows of different traffic types are transmitted in the network, the quality of service (Quality of Service, qoS) required by the data flows of different traffic types is different. For example, the network bandwidth requirements of data streams in video services are generally higher than those of data streams in social networking services.
In the prior art, differentiated service (DiffServ) techniques are typically employed to provide differentiated QoS guarantees for data flows of different traffic types. The main principle is as follows: different priorities are allocated to the data flows with different QoS requirements in advance, and when a plurality of data flows with different priorities exist in the network at the same time, the network equipment processes the data packets of the data flows with high priorities preferentially. However, differentiated services techniques can only achieve the effect of providing better QoS for high priority data flows than for low priority data flows, and cannot ensure that the QoS requirements of high priority data flows can be met at a given level. Therefore, the prior art has a technical problem that QoS guarantee cannot be provided for the data flow.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the application provides a data transmission method and a data transmission device, which are used for realizing active traffic scheduling based on QoS information on network equipment so as to provide QoS guarantee for data flow.
In a first aspect, a data transmission method is provided, where the method is applied to a network, where the network includes a first network device and a second network device, and the first network device communicates with the second network device via a plurality of transmission paths; the method comprises the following steps: the first network device receives a target data packet, wherein the target data packet is a data packet sent from the first network device to the second network device; the first network device determines a target data flow to which the target data packet belongs according to the target data packet; the first network device determines whether the first network device stores a first forwarding table item of the target data stream, wherein the first forwarding table item indicates the first network device to send data packets belonging to the target data stream to the second network device via a first transmission path, and the plurality of transmission paths comprise the first transmission path; when the first network device determines that the first forwarding table entry is not stored in the first network device, the first network device determines a second transmission path according to the QoS information of the target data flow and the first network device determines a second forwarding table entry of the target data flow according to the second transmission path, the QoS information indicates a required transmission quality in a process of transmitting a data packet belonging to the target data flow from the first network device to the second network device, the second transmission path is a transmission path meeting the required transmission quality indicated by the QoS information, the plurality of transmission paths include the second transmission path, and the second forwarding table entry indicates the first network device to transmit the data packet belonging to the target data flow to the second network device via the second transmission path; and the first network equipment sends the target data packet to the second network equipment according to the second forwarding table item.
In the embodiment of the present application, after receiving a target data packet, when determining that the first network device does not store a first forwarding table, the first network device determines a second transmission path according to QoS information of the target data flow, and the first network device determines the second forwarding table of the target data flow according to the second transmission path, where the second transmission path is a transmission path that satisfies transmission quality indicated by QoS information of the target data flow in multiple transmission paths communicated between the first network device and the second network device; and then, the first network device sends the target data packet to the second network device according to the second forwarding table entry. Therefore, the transmission path of the first network device for transmitting the target data packet to the second network device can be ensured to meet the transmission quality indicated by the QoS information of the target data flow to which the target data packet belongs, the technical problem that the service scheme in the prior art cannot provide dynamic QoS guarantee for the data flow is solved, and meanwhile, the problems that network resource allocation is unreasonable, resource utilization rate is low, network deployment cost is high and the like in the network hard fragmentation scheme in the prior art can be avoided.
Considering that high priority traffic is typically scheduled preferentially in a network, the actual transmission quality available is often different when different priority traffic passes through the same transmission path. In view of this, in one possible implementation manner, the first network device determines a second transmission path according to QoS information of the target data flow, and may determine, by using the first network device, a target priority corresponding to the target data flow; the first network device determining an actual transmission quality of each of the plurality of transmission paths when transmitting the data packet in the data stream of the target priority; and the first network equipment determines the second transmission path meeting the required transmission quality indicated by the QoS information from the plurality of transmission paths according to the QoS information and the determined actual transmission quality of each transmission path when transmitting the data packet in the data flow with the target priority. According to the embodiment, the actual transmission quality of each transmission path is associated with the priority of the data stream, so that the determined actual transmission quality of each transmission path is more accurate, and further, the determined second transmission path can better meet the required transmission quality indicated by the QoS information.
In order to quickly determine the actual transmission quality of each transmission path when transmitting the data packet in the data stream of the target priority, in one possible implementation manner, the first network device may determine, according to the transmission quality table entry of each transmission path, the actual transmission quality of each transmission path when transmitting the data packet in the data stream of the target priority; the path quality table entry of each transmission path is used for indicating the actual transmission quality corresponding to each transmission path when transmitting the data packet in the data stream with at least one priority, and the at least one priority includes the target priority. Therefore, the efficiency of determining the actual transmission quality of the transmission path can be improved, the transmission path meeting the requirement of the QoS information indication of the target data flow can be further determined more quickly, and the forwarding efficiency of the data packet is improved.
In consideration of the fact that there may be a plurality of transmission paths satisfying the required transmission quality indicated by the QoS information of the target data flow among the plurality of transmission paths for the first network device to communicate with the second network device, in a possible implementation manner, the first network device may determine, as the second transmission path, one transmission path from the plurality of transmission paths satisfying the required transmission quality indicated by the QoS information using a preset policy.
In order to improve flexibility of the scheme, in the embodiment of the application, the preset strategy may have multiple implementation manners. For example, in a first possible embodiment, the first network device selects, as the second transmission path, one transmission path from among a plurality of transmission paths satisfying the required transmission quality indicated by the QoS information using a random selection manner; for another example, in a second possible implementation manner, the first network device uses a greedy policy to determine, as the second transmission path, a transmission path with the best actual transmission quality from a plurality of transmission paths meeting the required transmission quality indicated by the QoS information; for another example, in a third possible implementation manner, the first network device uses the best matching policy to determine, from a plurality of transmission paths that satisfy the required transmission quality indicated by the QoS information, a transmission path whose actual transmission quality is closest to the required transmission quality as the second transmission path; for another example, in a fourth possible implementation manner, the first network device uses the first matching policy to set a transmission path that is determined by the first network device to satisfy the required transmission quality indicated by the QoS information first as the second transmission path, and so on. Therefore, one transmission path can be determined from a plurality of transmission paths meeting the transmission quality required by the QoS information indication and used as a second transmission path, and the reliability of the scheme is ensured.
In a possible implementation manner, after the first network device determines the second forwarding table entry of the target data flow according to the second transmission path, the second forwarding table entry may also be saved. Therefore, when the first network device receives the data packet belonging to the target data flow next time, the first network device can directly forward the received data packet based on the stored second forwarding table entry, and further, the forwarding efficiency of the data packet is improved on the premise of guaranteeing QoS.
In one possible implementation, if the first network device determines that the first network device holds the first forwarding table entry, the first network device may forward the target data packet to the second network device via the first transmission path directly based on the indication of the first forwarding table entry. Wherein the first transmission path is a transmission path satisfying the required transmission quality indicated by QoS information of the target data flow at the time of or before the first forwarding table entry is saved by the first network device. Therefore, the forwarding efficiency of the data packet can be improved on the premise of guaranteeing QoS.
In practice, most traffic flows are dynamically changing over time, which may make the actual transmission quality of the first transmission path unable to meet the required transmission quality indicated by the QoS information of the target data flow when the target data packet arrives at the first network device. In view of this, in one possible implementation manner, if the first network device stores the first forwarding table entry, the first network device may further check the stored first forwarding table entry to check whether the actual transmission quality of the first forwarding table entry actually meets the QoS requirement of the target data flow, and when determining that the first transmission path indicated by the first forwarding table entry cannot meet the QoS requirement of the target data flow, determine a new transmission path capable of meeting the QoS requirement of the target data flow from the network, and generate a new forwarding table entry based on the new transmission path, so that QoS guarantee can be better provided for the target data flow.
There are many implementations for checking the first forwarding table entry for how the first network device is triggered.
For example, in a first possible implementation, the arrival of the target packet triggers the first network device to check the first forwarding table entry. Specifically, after receiving a target data packet, when determining that the first network device stores the first forwarding table entry, the first network device determines whether the first transmission path meets the required transmission quality indicated by the QoS information; if the first transmission path meets the required transmission quality indicated by the QoS information, the first network device sends the target data packet to the second network device through the first transmission path; if the first transmission path does not meet the required transmission quality indicated by the QoS information, the first network device determines a third transmission path according to the QoS information of the target data flow, determines a third forwarding table item of the target data flow according to the third transmission path, and sends the target data packet to the second network device according to the third forwarding table item, wherein the plurality of transmission paths include the third transmission path, the third transmission path is a transmission path meeting the required transmission quality indicated by the QoS information, and the third forwarding table item is used for indicating the first network device to send the data packet belonging to the target data flow to the second network device via the third transmission path.
Therefore, the actual transmission quality of the first transmission path can not meet the required transmission quality indicated by the QoS information of the target data flow, and the third transmission path with the actual transmission quality meeting the required transmission quality indicated by the QoS information of the target data flow is determined for the target data flow to forward the data packet belonging to the target data flow, so that QoS guarantee is better provided for the target data flow. Further, after the first network device determines the third forwarding table of the target data flow according to the third transmission path, the first network device may further store the third forwarding table and delete the first forwarding table, so as to update the forwarding table stored in the first network device, and better provide QoS guarantee for the data flow.
For another example, in a second possible implementation manner, the first network device is triggered to check the first forwarding table item periodically. Specifically, the first network device periodically checks whether the first transmission path meets the required transmission quality indicated by the QoS information; when the first network device determines that the first transmission path does not meet the required transmission quality indicated by the QoS information, the first network device determines a fourth transmission path according to the QoS information of the target data flow, where the plurality of transmission paths includes the fourth transmission path, and the fourth transmission path is a transmission path that meets the required transmission quality indicated by the QoS information; the first network device determines a fourth forwarding table item of the target data stream according to the fourth transmission path, wherein the fourth forwarding table item is used for indicating the first network device to send a data packet belonging to the target data stream to the second network device through the fourth transmission path; and the first network equipment stores the fourth forwarding table item and deletes the first forwarding table item. Therefore, the forwarding table items stored in the first network equipment can be checked and updated, and QoS guarantee is better provided for the data flow.
To further improve flexibility of the solution, qoS information in the embodiments of the present application may take various forms, for example, in one possible implementation, the QoS information may include at least one of bandwidth, delay, throughput, and packet loss rate.
In order to further improve flexibility of the solution, the specific content of the first forwarding table in the embodiment of the present application may have multiple implementations, for example, in a first possible implementation manner, the first forwarding table may include a flow identifier of the target data flow and a path identifier of the first transmission path; for example, in a second possible implementation manner, the first forwarding table entry may include a flow identifier of the target data flow, a path identifier of the first transmission path, and priority information of the target data flow.
In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a data transmission apparatus, applied to a first network device, where the apparatus includes:
a receiving module, configured to receive a target data packet, where the target data packet is a data packet sent from the first network device to a second network device; wherein the first network device communicates with the second network device via a plurality of transmission paths;
The processing module is used for determining a target data flow to which the target data packet belongs according to the target data packet; and determining whether the first network device stores a first forwarding table entry of the target data stream, wherein the first forwarding table entry indicates the first network device to send data packets belonging to the target data stream to the second network device via a first transmission path, and the plurality of transmission paths include the first transmission path; and determining a second transmission path according to QoS information of the target data flow and determining a second forwarding table of the target data flow according to the second transmission path when it is determined that the first forwarding table is not stored in the network device, the QoS information indicating a required transmission quality in a transmission process of a data packet belonging to the target data flow from the first network device to the second network device, the second transmission path being a transmission path satisfying the required transmission quality indicated by the QoS information, the plurality of transmission paths including the second transmission path, the second forwarding table indicating that the first network device transmits the data packet belonging to the target data flow to the second network device via the second transmission path;
And the sending module is used for sending the target data packet to the second network equipment according to the second forwarding table item.
In a possible implementation manner, when the processing module determines the second transmission path according to the QoS information of the target data flow, the processing module may specifically determine the target priority corresponding to the target data flow first; then determining the actual transmission quality of each transmission path in the plurality of transmission paths when transmitting the data packets in the data stream of the target priority; and finally, determining the second transmission path meeting the required transmission quality indicated by the QoS information from the plurality of transmission paths according to the QoS information and the determined actual transmission quality of each transmission path when transmitting the data packet in the data flow with the target priority.
In one possible implementation manner, when determining the actual transmission quality of each transmission path in the plurality of transmission paths when transmitting the data packet in the data stream with the target priority, the processing module may specifically determine the actual transmission quality of each transmission path when transmitting the data packet in the data stream with the target priority according to the transmission quality table entry of each transmission path; the path quality table entry of each transmission path is used for indicating the actual transmission quality corresponding to each transmission path when transmitting the data packet in the data stream with at least one priority, and the at least one priority includes the target priority.
In one possible implementation manner, the second transmission path may be a transmission path with the best actual transmission quality among a plurality of transmission paths determined by the processing module and meeting the required transmission quality indicated by the QoS information. Of course, the second transmission path may be a transmission path with a second best actual transmission quality among the multiple transmission paths determined by the processing module and meeting the required transmission quality indicated by the QoS information, or may be another transmission path selected by the processing module from the multiple transmission paths according to a preset policy.
In a possible implementation manner, the processing module may further store a second forwarding table entry of the target data flow after determining the second forwarding table entry according to the second transmission path.
In one possible embodiment, the processing module is further configured to: and when the network equipment is determined to store the first forwarding table item, determining whether the first transmission path meets the required transmission quality indicated by the QoS information. The sending module may send the target data packet to the second network device via the first transmission path when the processing module determines that the first transmission path meets the required transmission quality indicated by the QoS information;
The processing module is further configured to: determining a third transmission path according to QoS information of the target data flow when it is determined that the first transmission path does not satisfy the required transmission quality indicated by the QoS information, the plurality of transmission paths including the third transmission path, the third transmission path being a transmission path satisfying the required transmission quality indicated by the QoS information; and determining a third forwarding table item of the target data stream according to the third transmission path, wherein the third forwarding table item is used for indicating the network equipment to send the data packet belonging to the target data stream to the second network equipment through the third transmission path. Furthermore, the sending module may send the target data packet to the second network device according to the third forwarding table entry.
In a possible implementation manner, the processing module may further store a third forwarding table entry of the target data stream after determining the third forwarding table entry according to the third transmission path, and delete the first forwarding table entry.
In one possible embodiment, the processing module is further configured to: periodically checking whether the first transmission path satisfies the required transmission quality indicated by the QoS information; determining a fourth transmission path according to the QoS information of the target data flow when the first transmission path does not meet the required transmission quality indicated by the QoS information, wherein the plurality of transmission paths include the fourth transmission path, and the fourth transmission path is a transmission path meeting the required transmission quality indicated by the QoS information; determining a fourth forwarding table item of the target data stream according to the fourth transmission path, wherein the fourth forwarding table item is used for indicating the network equipment to send the data packet belonging to the target data stream to the second network equipment through the fourth transmission path; and storing the fourth forwarding table entry and deleting the first forwarding table entry.
In one possible implementation, the QoS information may include at least one of bandwidth, latency, throughput, and packet loss rate.
In a possible implementation manner, the first forwarding table entry may include a flow identifier of the target data flow and a path identifier of the first transmission path. Of course, the first forwarding table entry may also include priority information of the target data stream.
In a third aspect, embodiments of the present application provide a data transmission device, including at least one processor, and a memory communicatively coupled to the at least one processor, a communication interface; wherein the memory stores instructions executable by the at least one processor, the at least one processor performing the method of the first aspect or any one of the possible implementation manners of the first aspect using the communication interface by executing the instructions stored by the memory.
In a fourth aspect, embodiments of the present application provide a computer readable storage medium storing a computer program comprising program instructions which, when executed by a computer, cause the computer to perform the method of the first aspect or any one of the possible implementation manners of the first aspect.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an IPv4 packet header format;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a format of an 8-bit service type field in an IPv4 packet header;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of typical applications of the meaning of DSCP fields and priorities of DSCPs;
fig. 4 is a schematic view of an application scenario provided in an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 5 is a flowchart of a data transmission method according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a forwarding table according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of actual transmission quality of a transmission path according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a transmission quality table entry according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of a data transmission process according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 10 is a flowchart of a path resetting method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIGS. 11 a-11 d are schematic diagrams illustrating a path reset procedure according to embodiments of the present application;
fig. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of a data transmission device according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 13 is a schematic structural diagram of another data transmission device according to an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application more apparent, the embodiments of the present application will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
In the following, some terms in the embodiments of the present application are explained for easy understanding by those skilled in the art.
1) The network device may be a device having a capability of receiving and transmitting data packets, such as a router, a switch, a server, etc., in a computer network, or may be a device having a capability of receiving and transmitting data packets, such as AN Access Network (AN) device, including AN access network (radio access network, RAN) device, AN access network device, such as a base station (e.g., AN access point), which may refer to a device in the access network that communicates with a wireless terminal device through one or more cells over AN air interface. The base station may be configured to inter-convert the received air frames with Internet Protocol (IP) packets as a router between the terminal device and the rest of the access network, which may include an IP network. The network device may also coordinate attribute management for the air interface. For example, the network device may include an evolved Node B (NodeB or eNB or e-NodeB, evolved Node B) in a long term evolution (long term evolution, LTE) system or advanced, LTE-a system, or may also include a next generation Node B (next generation Node B, gNB) or a next generation evolved base station (next generation evolved nodeB, ng-eNB), en-gNB (enhanced next generation Node B, gNB) in a fifth generation mobile communication technology (the 5th generation, 5G) new air interface (new radio, NR) system: enhanced next generation base stations; centralized Units (CUs) and Distributed Units (DUs) in a Cloud access network (Cloud radio access network, cloud RAN) system may also be included, or relay devices may also be included, and embodiments of the present application are not limited.
In addition, in the embodiment of the present application, the network device may further include a core network device, where the core network device includes, for example, a network device that processes and forwards signaling and data of a user. In a 4G system, a core network device is for example a mobility management entity (mobility management entity, MME). The MME is a key control node of the access network of the LTE system defined by the third generation partnership project (3rd generation partnership project,3GPP) protocol, which is responsible for positioning and paging procedures, etc., of the terminal devices in idle mode, including relaying. Briefly, an MME is the core network device responsible for the signaling handling part. Alternatively, in the 5G system, the core network device includes, for example, a core network device such as an access management network element, a session management network element, or a user plane gateway. The user plane gateway may be a server with functions of mobility management, routing, forwarding, etc. of user plane data, and is typically located at a network side, such as a Serving Gateway (SGW) or a packet data network gateway (packet data network gateway, PGW) or a user plane network element function entity (user plane function, UPF).
2) Quality of service (quality of service, qoS), in embodiments of the present application, refers to the ability of a network to provide services for a given network communication using a variety of underlying technologies. In order to meet the requirements of users for different service qualities of different applications, the network is required to allocate and schedule resources according to the requirements of the users, and different service qualities are provided for different data flows.
In the embodiment of the present application, "QoS required by a data flow" or "QoS required by a data flow" refers to transmission quality required by a data packet belonging to the data flow in a transmission process.
The specific content of the QoS information in the embodiment of the present application may include bandwidth, time delay, throughput rate, packet loss rate, and the like, and any performance index that may represent transmission quality may be used as the QoS information.
3) The embodiments of the present application may be applicable to a data communication system, an IP communication system, a cloud storage system, a long term evolution (long term evolution, LTE) system, a fifth generation mobile communication technology (5G) New Radio (NR) system, or the like, or may also be applicable to other similar communication systems, such as a next generation communication system, or the like.
4) The terms "system" and "network" in embodiments of the present application may be used interchangeably. "at least one" means one or more, and "a plurality" means two or more. "and/or", describes an association relationship of an association object, and indicates that there may be three relationships, for example, a and/or B, and may indicate: a alone, a and B together, and B alone, wherein a, B may be singular or plural. The character "/" generally indicates that the context-dependent object is an "or" relationship. "at least one of" or the like means any combination of these items, including any combination of single item(s) or plural items(s). For example, at least one (one) of a, b, or c may represent: a, b, c, a-b, a-c, b-c, or a-b-c, wherein a, b, c may be single or plural.
5) Unless stated to the contrary, references to "first," "second," etc. ordinal words of the embodiments are used to distinguish between the plurality of objects, and are not used to define a sequence, timing, priority, or importance of the plurality of objects. For example, the first priority criterion and the second priority criterion are merely for distinguishing between different criteria, and are not indicative of the difference in content, priority, or importance of the two criteria, etc.
In the conventional prior art, differentiated QoS is generally provided for data flows of different services in the following two ways:
mode 1: differentiated services are provided by assigning different priorities to services with different QoS requirements. By prioritizing traffic for high priority traffic, better QoS is provided for high priority traffic than for low priority traffic.
In an IP network, the DSCP (differentiated services code Point ) field in the IP header is used to indicate the priority of the traffic. Fig. 1 is a schematic format diagram of an IPv4 packet header, where the IPv4 packet header includes a 4-bit Version (VER) field, a 4-bit Header Length (HLEN) field, an 8-bit Service Type (Service Type) field, and so on.
Fig. 2 is a specific illustration of an 8-bit Service Type (Service Type) field in the IPv4 packet header, and it can be seen from fig. 2: the service type field specifically includes a 6-bit DSCP field and a 2-bit explicit congestion notification (explicit congestion notification, ECN) field.
Fig. 3 is an illustration of typical applications of the meaning of DSCP fields and their priorities, wherein the english abbreviations involved in fig. 3 are explained as follows:
DS: differentiated servcies, differential service;
CS: class of Service, type of Service (priority);
BE: best-effort;
AF: assured forwarding, forwarding is ensured;
EF: expedited forwarding, fast forwarding;
IP precedence: IP priority;
IPTV VOD: IP Television Video On Demand, IP television on demand;
NGN: next generation network, next generation network;
RTP: real-time transport protocol, real-time transport protocol.
As can be seen from fig. 3: DSCP classifies traffic into a total of 8 classes CS0 (Class Service 0) to CS7, with CS7 having the highest priority and CS0 having the lowest priority. When data packets of data flows of different service types are transmitted in the network, the network device preferentially processes the data packets of the data flows of the high priority service.
However, this approach can only achieve the effect of providing higher priority data flows with a better QoS than lower priority data flows, and cannot ensure that the QoS requirements of the higher priority data flows can be met; in addition, qoS provided by a general network is limited, and when packets of data flows with the same priority are transmitted in the network, there is a problem that QoS cannot be satisfied due to competing link bandwidths.
Mode 2: the method of network hard slicing is adopted, and the network hard slicing is a technology for providing differentiated services for different services by using isolated network resource slicing. The principle is as follows: the network is divided into a plurality of slices, and network resources (such as bandwidth, cache, etc.) isolated from each other are allocated to each slice according to the QoS requirements of the traffic carried on the slice. QoS for a service running on a segment can be guaranteed if sufficient network resources are provided for such service.
However, this approach has the following drawbacks:
1) The partitioning of the network hard fragments into fragment resources is relatively static, once configured, the resources of each fragment are not modified for a long time, but the requirements of the service on the network resources are dynamic and can change in real time along with the scale and the activity degree of the service, so that the static network resource allocation is difficult to match with the dynamic requirements of the service on the network resources;
2) When configuring network resources for each fragment, in order to guarantee QoS of a service running on the fragment, resources need to be allocated to the service running on the fragment according to the peak demand of the service on the network resources. However, the service is not running in a peak state most of the time, which means that the resources of the slices cannot be fully utilized in most cases, but the resources among different slices are isolated, and the idle resources of one slice cannot be utilized by another slice, which causes problems of waste of network resources and low utilization rate of resources of the whole network;
3) Even if the total network resources of a network segment are sufficient, traffic running on that segment can cause localized congestion if not evenly distributed across the segment, resulting in an inability to guarantee QoS;
4) Network hard fragmentation requires strict isolation of resources among fragments, so that the requirements on hardware equipment are high, and the whole network equipment is required to support the capability of the hard fragmentation, so that the cost of network deployment is very high.
In view of this, the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application is provided to implement active traffic scheduling based on QoS information on a network device, and provide better QoS guarantee for a data flow while achieving high utilization of network resources.
Please refer to fig. 4, which may be an application scenario in the embodiments of the present application. The scenario is exemplified by a data communication network comprising a plurality of nodes, such as node a, node B, node C, node D, node E, node F, node G, node H, node D, etc. The node A, the node B, the node C and the node H are edge nodes of the network, and the node D, the node F, the node E and the node G are intermediate nodes of the network. Network traffic enters the network from an edge node, passes through zero or more intermediate nodes, reaches other edge nodes, and leaves the network. It should be understood that in practice, the nodes in the network may be only some of the nodes shown in fig. 4, or more than the nodes shown in fig. 4, and the embodiment of the present application is not limited specifically, and the topology of the network may be other forms, and the network topology in fig. 4 is merely an example.
The network devices on any two nodes in the network can communicate with each other, such as sending data packets to each other, and transmission paths for communication between any two network devices can have multiple transmission paths. When a network device on any edge node in a network sends a data packet to a network device on another edge node, the network device on any edge node can determine a transmission path for sending the data packet according to the QoS information of the data stream where the data packet to be sent is located, so that active flow scheduling of the whole network based on the QoS information of the data stream is realized, and better QoS guarantee is provided for the data stream while the high utilization rate of network resources is achieved.
Taking the network device of fig. 4 as an example, the transmission path between node a and node B includes a-E-G-B, A-D-F-B, A-E-F-B, A-D-F-E-G-B, etc., and any node of fig. 4 can be understood to be a network device. After receiving the target data packet to be sent to the node B, the node A selects a transmission path meeting the transmission quality required indicated by the QoS information of the target data stream to which the target data packet belongs from the transmission paths between the node A and the node B, and then sends the target data packet to the node B through the selected transmission path, so that QoS guarantee is provided for the transmission of the target data packet.
Referring to fig. 5, an embodiment of the present application provides a data transmission method, and in the following description, the method is taken as an example of application to the application scenario shown in fig. 4. The flow of the method is described below.
S501: the first network device receives a target data packet; wherein the target data packet is a data packet sent from the first network device to the second network device; in the embodiment of the present application, the first network device is exemplified by the node a in fig. 4, the second network device is exemplified by the node B in fig. 4, and the first network device communicates with the second network device via a plurality of transmission paths, such as a-E-G-B, A-D-F-B, A-E-F-B, A-D-F-E-G-B in fig. 4, which are respectively a plurality of transmission paths between the first network device and the second network device.
S502: the first network equipment determines a target data flow to which the target data packet belongs according to the target data packet; as an optional implementation manner, in the embodiment of the present application, the first network device may determine, according to header information of the target data packet, a target data flow to which the target data packet belongs. The packet header information may include information about a flow identifier of the target data flow, where the flow identifier may be represented based on a flow label or a tuple.
S503: the first network device determines whether the first network device stores a first forwarding table item of a target data stream, wherein the first forwarding table item indicates the first network device to send data packets belonging to the target data stream to the second network device via a first transmission path, and the plurality of transmission paths comprise a first transmission path;
as an optional implementation manner, in an embodiment of the present application, the first network device may pre-store a plurality of forwarding entries. Each forwarding table entry contains a flow identifier of a data flow and a path identifier of a transmission path corresponding to the data flow. Each forwarding table entry is used to indicate: when a data packet of a data flow indicated by a flow identifier in the forwarding table entry arrives at the first network device, the first network device forwards the data packet by using a transmission path indicated by a path identifier corresponding to the flow identifier in the forwarding table entry.
As an optional implementation manner, in the embodiment of the present application, the plurality of forwarding entries may be stored in the first network device in a form of one or more forwarding tables, for example, table 1 shown in fig. 6. Correspondingly, when determining whether the first network device stores the first forwarding table item of the target data stream, the first network device may determine whether the first network device stores the first forwarding table item of the target data stream by looking up the flow identifier of the target data stream in the forwarding table in a table look-up manner, if so, determine that the first network device stores the first forwarding table item of the target data stream, otherwise, determine that the first network device does not store the first forwarding table item of the target data stream.
As an optional implementation manner, in the embodiment of the present application, if in step S503, the first network device determines that the first forwarding table entry of the target data stream is stored in the first network device, the target data packet may be forwarded to the second network device directly through the first transmission path in the first forwarding table entry; if step S503 determines that the first network device does not store the first forwarding table entry of the target data stream, the following step 504 may be performed to determine the second forwarding table entry for the target data stream.
S504: when the first network device determines that the first network device does not store the first forwarding table entry, the first network device determines a second transmission path according to the QoS information of the target data flow, and the first network device can further determine the second forwarding table entry of the target data flow according to the second transmission path;
the QoS information is used to indicate the required transmission quality in the process of transmitting the data packet belonging to the target data flow from the first network device to the second network device, for example, the specific content of the QoS information may include bandwidth, time delay, throughput rate, packet loss rate, and the like. In implementation, the QoS information may be any information that can characterize a transmission quality required in a transmission process of a data packet of the target data flow from the first network device to the second network device, and the specific content of the QoS information is not limited in the embodiments of the present application.
As an alternative embodiment, the second network device may determine an actual transmission quality of each of a plurality of transmission paths for the first network device to communicate with the second network device, and select, as the second transmission path, a transmission path whose actual transmission quality satisfies the required transmission quality indicated by the QoS information of the target data flow.
Considering that traffic of different priorities typically passes through different queues in the network, and that high priority traffic is typically scheduled more preferentially, the actual transmission quality, i.e. the QoS guarantee that can be obtained, is often different when traffic of different priorities passes through the same transmission path. In view of this, as an alternative implementation, in the present embodiment, the actual transmission quality of each transmission path is associated with the priority of the data stream.
Taking transmission quality, in particular delay and bandwidth, as examples, table 2 in fig. 7 is an example of actual transmission quality of a transmission path in the embodiment of the present application. In table 2, when a path cannot provide delay or guarantee of available bandwidth for a certain priority traffic, its corresponding performance index is denoted as n.a. (no guarantee).
As can be seen from table 2, path 1 corresponds to different actual transmission quality when transmitting packets of data flows of different priorities, and path 2 corresponds to different actual transmission quality when transmitting packets of data flows of different priorities. For example, path 1 corresponds to an available bandwidth of 200Mbps when transmitting packets of a data stream of priority 1, and 500Mbps when transmitting packets of a data stream of priority 2.
It should be noted that, fig. 7 is an example of taking time delay and bandwidth as transmission quality, and in a specific implementation, the transmission quality index in table 2 may also be other indexes such as throughput rate, packet loss rate, time delay, etc., which are not limited in this embodiment.
Correspondingly, when the first network device determines the second transmission path according to the QoS information of the target data stream, the target priority corresponding to the target data stream can be determined first; the first network device respectively determines the actual transmission quality of each transmission path in the plurality of transmission paths when transmitting the data packet in the data stream with the target priority; the first network device determines a second transmission path meeting the required transmission quality indicated by the QoS information of the target data stream from the plurality of transmission paths according to the QoS information of the target data stream and the determined actual transmission quality of each transmission path when transmitting the data packet in the data stream of the target priority.
Because the actual transmission quality of each transmission path is related to the priority of the data stream, the determined actual transmission quality of each transmission path is more accurate, and the determined second transmission path can better meet the required transmission quality indicated by the QoS information.
As an optional implementation manner, in the embodiment of the present application, the division of the priority of the data stream may refer to the existing division manner of the priority shown in fig. 3, multiplex the existing division manner of the priority, or use other preset rules to divide the priority of the data stream, which is not specifically limited in the embodiment of the present application.
One possible way of prioritizing is listed here: the priority of the data stream is divided according to the required transmission quality indicated by the QoS information of the data stream, specifically, the higher the required transmission quality corresponding to the data stream, the higher the priority corresponding to the data stream.
Taking the transmission bandwidth required by the data stream as an example: the priority of the data stream with the bandwidth demand in the 0-1 Mbps value interval is 0, the priority of the data stream with the bandwidth demand in the 1-100 Mbps value interval is 1, the priority of the data stream with the bandwidth demand in the 100-500 Mbps value interval is 2, the priority of the data stream with the bandwidth demand in the higher than 500Mbps value interval is 3, wherein the priority 0 is the lowest priority, and the priority 3 is the highest priority.
Further, in the implementation, there may be a case where there are a plurality of transmission paths satisfying the required transmission quality indicated by the QoS information of the target data flow among the plurality of transmission paths for the first network device to communicate with the second network device. In view of this, as an alternative implementation manner, in the embodiment of the present application, the first network device may determine, using a preset policy, one transmission path from a plurality of transmission paths that satisfy the required transmission quality indicated by the QoS information as the second transmission path. For example, a transmission path is selected as the second transmission path by using a random selection method, or a transmission path with the best actual transmission quality is determined from a plurality of transmission paths meeting the required transmission quality indicated by the QoS information by using a greedy strategy, or a transmission path with the closest actual transmission quality to the required transmission quality is determined from a plurality of transmission paths meeting the required transmission quality indicated by the QoS information by using an optimal matching strategy, or a transmission path with the required transmission quality which is determined by the first network device to meet the QoS information by using a first matching strategy is used as the second transmission path, etc. In the implementation, the policy of determining the second transmission path from the plurality of transmission paths meeting the required transmission quality indicated by the QoS information may be adjusted according to the actual situation, and the embodiment of the application is not limited in particular.
For example, referring to fig. 7, assuming that the destination priority of the destination data stream to which the destination data packet belongs is 1, the required transmission quality indicated by the QoS information of the destination data stream to which the destination data packet belongs is specifically 100Mbps bandwidth, and the transmission paths of the first network device and the second network device include paths 1 and 2 in table 7, it is known from table 7 that the available bandwidth of the data stream with the priority of 1 is 200Mbps, the available bandwidth of the data stream with the priority of 1 corresponds to path 2 is 100Mbps, and both paths 1 and 2 satisfy the required transmission quality indicated by the QoS information of the destination data stream, so the first network device may select the path 1 with the maximum available bandwidth to transmit the destination data packet to the second network device based on the greedy policy, so as to guarantee the QoS of the destination data stream to the maximum extent.
As an alternative implementation manner, in the embodiment of the present application, the actual transmission quality of each of the plurality of transmission paths when transmitting the data packet in the data stream of the target priority may be specifically determined according to the transmission quality table entry of each transmission path. The path quality table entry of each transmission path is used for indicating the corresponding actual transmission quality of each transmission path when transmitting the data packets in the data stream with at least one priority, wherein the at least one priority comprises the target priority.
In implementation, the transmission quality table entries of the multiple transmission paths may be stored in the first network device or other third party network device that may communicate with the first network device in the form of a transmission quality table, and the first network device obtains the transmission quality table entries of each transmission path by reading the transmission quality table, such as shown in table 3 in fig. 8. In fig. 8, taking time delay as an example of transmission quality, in implementation, the transmission quality index in the transmission quality table may also be other indexes such as bandwidth, throughput rate, packet loss rate, delay jitter, etc., which is not limited in particular.
Further, after determining the second transmission path, the first network device determines a second forwarding table of the target data flow according to the second transmission path, where the second forwarding table is used to instruct the first network device to send, to the second network device, a data packet belonging to the target data flow via the second transmission path. The second forwarding table entry at least comprises a flow identifier of the target data flow and a path identifier of the second transmission path.
As an optional implementation manner, in the embodiment of the present application, the information types of all forwarding entries, the format of the included information, and the like may be unified. The information type, the format of the included information, etc. included in the second forwarding table are consistent with the information type, the format of the included information, etc. included in each forwarding table stored in advance.
S505: and the first network device sends the target data packet to the second network device according to the second forwarding table entry.
As an optional implementation manner, in the embodiment of the present application, after the first network device determines the second forwarding table entry of the target data flow according to the second transmission path, the second forwarding table entry may also be saved. In this way, when the first network device receives the data packet belonging to the target data flow next time, the first network device can directly forward the received data packet based on the stored second forwarding table entry.
In addition, the first network device may not store any forwarding table in advance, and when a packet having a new data flow arrives, the first network device determines that the forwarding table corresponding to the new data flow is not stored, and further directly executes the processes from step S503 to step S505, determines the corresponding forwarding table for the new data flow, and stores the determined forwarding table on the first network device. Thus, over time, the first network device receives more and more data packets of the data flow, and the first network device learns and stores more and more forwarding entries of the data flow. The new data flow mentioned in the embodiment of the present application refers to a data flow in which the first network device does not store a corresponding forwarding table entry.
For a better understanding of the embodiments of the present application, the following describes exemplary procedures of the method of steps S501 to 505 by a specific embodiment. Referring to fig. 9, at a certain moment, a packet of a new data flow (data flow 5, referred to as "flow 5") arrives at the first network device in the network, and the delay requirement indicated by the QoS information is less than 75ms, assuming that the priority is 0.
Since the flow 5 is a new flow, the forwarding table entry of the flow 5 is not found by looking up the forwarding table on the first network device, and thus a transmission path is selected for the flow that meets the delay requirement indicated by its QoS information.
As shown in fig. 9, from looking up the transmission quality table, it is known that there are 3 candidate paths (path 1, path 2 and path 3) all of which can reach the second network device. Wherein, the corresponding paths 2 and 3 with the priority of 0 satisfy the QoS requirement of the flow 5, i.e. the delay of the data packet of the data flow with the priority of 0 passing through the two paths is 70ms. The first network device selects a transmission path for stream 5 among paths 2 and 3, such as selecting path 3 to forward packets of stream 5.
Further, the first network device may generate a forwarding table entry of the flow 5 based on the path 3, and store the forwarding table entry in the first network device, and when the other data packet of the flow 5 reaches the first network device, the first network device may determine to send the subsequent data packet of the flow 5 to the second network device via the path 3 directly based on the forwarding table entry of the flow 5.
In the embodiment of the present application, after receiving a target data packet, when determining that the first network device does not store a first forwarding table, the first network device determines a second transmission path according to QoS information of the target data flow, and the first network device determines the second forwarding table of the target data flow according to the second transmission path, where the second transmission path is a transmission path that satisfies transmission quality indicated by QoS information of the target data flow in multiple transmission paths communicated between the first network device and the second network device; and then, the first network device sends the target data packet to the second network device according to the second forwarding table entry. Therefore, the transmission path of the first network device for sending the target data packet to the second network device can be ensured to meet the transmission quality indicated by the QoS information of the target data flow to which the target data packet belongs, the technical problem that the differentiated service scheme in the prior art cannot provide dynamic QoS guarantee for the data flow is solved, and the problems that network resource allocation is unreasonable, resource utilization rate is low, network deployment cost is high and the like in the network hard fragmentation scheme in the prior art can be avoided.
In addition, in the embodiment of the present application, if the first network device determines that the first network device stores the first forwarding table, the first network device may directly send the target data packet to the second network device via the first transmission path indicated by the first forwarding table, so that forwarding efficiency of the data packet may be improved on the premise of guaranteeing QoS provided for the data flow.
In practical situations, most traffic flows dynamically change with time, for any data flow, for example, taking a target data flow as an example, it is assumed that the first network device already stores a first forwarding table entry corresponding to the target data flow, but on a first transmission path indicated by the first forwarding table entry, it is possible that, because some data flows with higher priority than the target data flow occupy the first transmission path, or the traffic of the target data flow itself becomes larger, or the traffic of other data flows with priority such as the target data flow becomes larger, the actual transmission quality (for example, bandwidth, delay, throughput rate, packet loss rate and the like) of the first transmission path can no longer meet the required transmission quality indicated by the QoS information of the target data flow, so that the first transmission path can not guarantee the QoS requirement of the target data flow.
In view of this, as an optional implementation manner, in this embodiment of the present application, the first network device may further check the saved forwarding entries, and check whether the actual transmission quality of the transmission path corresponding to each of the saved forwarding entries actually meets the QoS requirement of the data flow corresponding to the forwarding entry, and when the first network device finds that the transmission path indicated by any forwarding entry cannot meet the QoS requirement of the data flow corresponding to the forwarding entry, may perform a path resetting procedure on the data flow corresponding to the forwarding entry, so as to ensure the QoS of the data packet of the data flow in the transmission process.
Referring to fig. 10, when detecting that the actual transmission quality of the transmission path corresponding to any forwarding table entry cannot meet the QoS requirement of the data corresponding to the any forwarding table entry, the first network device may execute the path resetting procedure on the data flow corresponding to the any forwarding table entry. An embodiment of the path reset procedure may comprise the steps of:
s1001: the first network device determines priority information of the data stream;
in an embodiment of the present application, in order to facilitate the process of performing the path reset of the data flow, when the forwarding table entry is stored by the first network device, priority information of the data flow may be added to the forwarding table entry, that is, specific content of the forwarding table entry should include a flow identifier of the data flow, priority information of the data flow, and a path identifier of the transmission path. The first network device may determine the priority information of the data flow here through the forwarding entry corresponding to the data flow.
Of course, the priority information of the data flow may not be stored in the forwarding table entry, in which case the first network device may determine the priority information of the data flow in other manners, such as obtaining the priority information from the packet header of the data flow.
S1002: the first network equipment determines a transmission path with the actual transmission quality meeting the transmission quality required by the QoS information of the data flow from the network again;
s1003: the first network device determining a new forwarding entry based on the redetermined transmission path, the new forwarding entry being for instructing the first network device to send a data packet belonging to the data flow via the redetermined transmission path;
s1004: the first network device replaces the original forwarding table entry with the determined new forwarding table entry.
As can be seen from the above steps, the specific processes of step S1001 to step S1003 executed in the path resetting process of the data stream are similar to the specific processes of step S504 described above in the embodiments of the present application, so the specific implementation manner of step S1001 to step S1003 may refer to the specific implementation manner of step S504 shown in fig. 5, and the embodiments of the present application will not be repeated.
In practice, when the path of the data stream is reset, the data packet of the data stream on one path is switched to another path for transmission. But because the new path delay may be less than the delay of the original path, short packet misordering of the data stream may be caused. In this case, the embodiment of the application may adopt a method of actively creating a flow slice (Flowlet) of a data flow (the method specifically includes cutting the flow into flowlets and making the interval of the vector flowlets larger than the path delay difference), or by improving a queue scheduling mechanism, the data packets after flow switching are always dequeued later than the data packets before flow switching, or by performing a method of reordering the data packets at a destination node to re-enable the data packets to be in order, etc., so as to solve the problem of data packet disorder.
As an optional implementation manner, in the embodiment of the present application, the specific implementation manner of triggering the first network device to check the already-stored forwarding table entry may be that the first network device is triggered to perform the checking process on the already-stored forwarding table entry when the data packet arrives, or may be that the first network device is periodically triggered to perform the checking process on the already-stored forwarding table entry according to a preset time interval, which is not limited in the embodiment of the present application.
In the following, taking the target data packet as an example, the process of checking the forwarding table entry already stored is described as triggering the first network device to reach the data packet.
Step 1, when a first network device determines that the first network device stores a first forwarding table, the first network device determines whether a first transmission path meets the required transmission quality indicated by QoS information;
step 2, when the first network device determines that the first transmission path meets the transmission quality required indicated by the QoS information, the first network device sends a target data packet to the second network device through the first transmission path;
step 3, when the first network device determines that the first transmission path does not meet the required transmission quality indicated by the QoS information, the first network device determines a third transmission path according to the QoS information of the target data stream, wherein a plurality of transmission paths between the first network device and the second network device comprise the third transmission path, and the third transmission path meets the required transmission quality indicated by the QoS information; determining a third forwarding table item of the target data stream according to the third transmission path, wherein the third forwarding table item is used for indicating the first network device to send the data packet belonging to the target data stream to the second network device through the third transmission path; sending a target data packet to the second network equipment according to the third forwarding table item;
And 4, the first network equipment stores the third forwarding table entry and deletes the first forwarding table entry.
According to the embodiment, based on the fact that the data packet arrives at the first network device, the first network device triggers the first network device to execute the checking process on the forwarding table item of the data flow to which the arriving data packet belongs, and QoS of the data packet in the transmission process can be better guaranteed.
In the following, a description will be given of a procedure for periodically triggering the first network device to perform a check on the already stored forwarding table entry.
Step 1, a first network device periodically checks whether the actual transmission quality of a transmission path indicated by a path identifier in each stored forwarding table item meets the required transmission quality indicated by QoS information of a data flow indicated by a flow identifier in the forwarding table item according to a preset time interval (such as 5sec, 1min, 10min, 1h, etc.);
as an alternative implementation manner, in the embodiment of the present application, in each period, the stored forwarding entries may be checked sequentially from high to low in the priority of the data flow, so as to ensure that the QoS of the high-priority data flow can be satisfied more timely.
Step 2, when the first network device determines that the actual transmission quality of the transmission path indicated by the path identifier in any forwarding table cannot meet the required transmission quality indicated by the QoS information of the data flow indicated by the flow identifier in the forwarding table, the first network device may perform a path resetting procedure on the data flow according to the method steps shown in fig. 10.
Taking the target data stream as an example, the first network device determines a fourth transmission path according to QoS information of the target data stream, wherein the fourth transmission path is one of a plurality of transmission paths between the first network device and the second network device, and the fourth transmission path meets the required transmission quality indicated by the QoS information; the first network device determines a fourth forwarding table item of the target data stream according to a fourth transmission path, wherein the fourth forwarding table item is used for indicating the first network device to send the data packet belonging to the target data stream to the second network device through the fourth transmission path; the first network device stores the fourth forwarding table entry and deletes the first forwarding table entry.
According to the embodiment, the first network equipment is triggered periodically to execute the checking process on the stored forwarding table entry, so that the QoS of the data packet in the transmission process can be better ensured.
As an optional implementation manner, in the embodiment of the present application, the path resetting process is performed on the data flow, where the first network device may perform immediately when the QoS requirement of the data flow is found to be unable to be met, or may perform recording when the QoS requirement of the data flow is found to be unable to be met, and then perform the recording at a preset time, such as periodically, according to a preset policy, where the embodiment of the present application is not limited in particular.
For a better understanding of the embodiments of the present application, the following describes an exemplary procedure for path reset of the data stream by means of a specific embodiment. Referring to fig. 11a to 11d, there is a data stream 1 (abbreviated as "stream 1") on a path 1, a data stream 2 (abbreviated as "stream 2"), a data stream 3 (abbreviated as "stream 3") on a path 2, a data stream 4 (abbreviated as "stream 4"), and a data stream 5 (abbreviated as "stream 5") on a path 3.
At some point, as the traffic of the data stream 1 with the priority 2 on the path 1 becomes larger, the bandwidth of the data stream with the priority 1 on the path 1 is preempted, so that the time delay of the data packet of the data stream with the priority 1 on the path 1 becomes larger to be 30ms, as shown in fig. 11b, and the QoS requirement of the data stream 2 can not be met any more. The first network device finds this by periodically performing a check procedure on the already saved forwarding entries, triggering a path reset procedure for flow 2.
Next, the first network device finds that path 2 satisfies the QoS requirement of flow 2 by performing the path reset procedure of flow 2, and reselects path 2 for the packet belonging to flow 2 to forward, as shown in fig. 11 c.
However, since the stream 2 is placed on the path 2, the bandwidth of the data stream with priority 0 on the path 2 may be preempted, so that the delay of the data stream with priority 0 on the path 2 becomes 80ms, as shown in fig. 11c, and the requirement of the data stream 4 with priority 0 (referred to as "stream 4") on the QoS cannot be met any more. The first network device, upon detecting this, in turn triggers a path reset procedure for flow 4.
Next, the first network device finds that path 3 meets the QoS requirement of flow 4 by performing a path reset procedure on flow 4, reselecting path 3 for flow 4 for forwarding, as shown in fig. 11 d.
In the embodiment of the application, the first network device is triggered by the arrival of the data packet or periodically triggered to check whether the actual transmission quality of the transmission path indicated by the stored forwarding table item really meets the QoS requirement of the data flow corresponding to the forwarding table item, so that the forwarding table item that the actual transmission quality of the transmission path cannot meet the QoS requirement of the data flow can be timely found, and after the forwarding table item is checked, the process of resetting the path is executed on the data flow corresponding to the forwarding table item, thereby better guaranteeing the QoS of the data flow corresponding to the forwarding table item.
As an optional implementation manner, in this embodiment of the present application, for any data flow, if the first network device has determined that no actual transmission quality of any transmission path in the network can meet the required transmission quality indicated by the QoS information of the data flow, the first network device may execute a preset policy to handle this situation. For example, early warning information is sent to the management platform, access to the data stream is refused, and the like, so that QoS of data transmission in the network is better ensured.
Based on the same technical concept, the embodiment of the present application further provides a data transmission apparatus 1200. Referring to fig. 12, the apparatus 1200 may be applied to a first network device, and the apparatus 1200 may include:
a receiving module 1201, configured to receive a target data packet, where the target data packet is a data packet sent from the first network device to a second network device; wherein the first network device communicates with the second network device via a plurality of transmission paths;
a processing module 1202, configured to determine, according to the target data packet, a target data flow to which the target data packet belongs; and determining whether the first network device stores a first forwarding entry for the target data stream;
wherein the first forwarding table entry indicates the first network device to send a data packet belonging to the target data stream to the second network device via a first transmission path, and the plurality of transmission paths include the first transmission path; and determining a second transmission path according to QoS information of the target data flow and determining a second forwarding table of the target data flow according to the second transmission path when the network device is determined not to store the first forwarding table, wherein the QoS information indicates required transmission quality in the process of transmitting data packets belonging to the target data flow from the first network device to the second network device, the second transmission path is a transmission path meeting the required transmission quality indicated by the QoS information, the plurality of transmission paths comprise the second transmission path, and the second forwarding table indicates the first network device to transmit the data packets belonging to the target data flow to the second network device through the second transmission path.
A sending module 1203 is configured to send the target data packet to the second network device according to the second forwarding table entry.
Illustratively, in the embodiment of the present application, when the processing module 1202 determines the second transmission path according to the QoS information of the target data flow, the target priority corresponding to the target data flow may be specifically determined; determining an actual transmission quality of each of the plurality of transmission paths when transmitting data packets in the data stream of the target priority; and determining the second transmission path meeting the required transmission quality indicated by the QoS information from the plurality of transmission paths according to the QoS information and the determined actual transmission quality of each transmission path when transmitting the data packet in the data flow with the target priority.
In an alternative manner, in the embodiment of the present application, when determining the actual transmission quality of each transmission path of the plurality of transmission paths when transmitting the data packet in the data stream of the target priority, the processing module 1202 may specifically determine, according to the transmission quality table entry of each transmission path, the actual transmission quality of each transmission path when transmitting the data packet in the data stream of the target priority; the path quality table entry of each transmission path is used for indicating the actual transmission quality corresponding to each transmission path when transmitting the data packet in the data stream with at least one priority, and the at least one priority includes the target priority.
Based on the foregoing, the second transmission path may be a transmission path with the best actual transmission quality among the plurality of transmission paths determined by the processing module 1202 to meet the transmission quality required indicated by the QoS information according to the actual transmission quality of each transmission path when transmitting the data packet in the data stream with the target priority. Of course, the processing module 1202 may determine a transmission path with the next highest actual transmission quality among the plurality of transmission paths as the second transmission path. The selection manner how to select the second transmission path according to the actual transmission quality to which the plurality of transmission paths respectively correspond is not particularly limited herein, but only two exemplary descriptions are given herein, and the selection may be performed according to other manners.
Further, the processing module 1202 may also select to save the second forwarding table entry after determining the second forwarding table entry of the target data stream according to the second transmission path.
Additionally, if the processing module 1202 determines that the network device holds the first forwarding entry, the processing module 1202 may be further configured to determine whether the first transmission path meets the required transmission quality indicated by the QoS information;
The sending module 1203 may send the target packet to the second network device via the first transmission path if the first transmission path meets the required transmission quality indicated by the QoS information;
the processing module 1202 is further configured to, if the first transmission path does not meet the required transmission quality indicated by the QoS information: determining a third transmission path according to the QoS information of the target data flow, wherein the plurality of transmission paths comprise the third transmission path, and the third transmission path is a transmission path meeting the required transmission quality indicated by the QoS information; and determining a third forwarding table item of the target data stream according to the third transmission path, wherein the third forwarding table item is used for indicating the network equipment to send the data packet belonging to the target data stream to the second network equipment through the third transmission path. Further, the sending module 1203 may send the target packet to the second network device according to the third forwarding table entry.
Further, the processing module 1202 may further save a third forwarding table entry of the target data stream after determining the third forwarding table entry according to the third transmission path, and delete the first forwarding table entry.
In addition, the processing module 1202 may also be configured to: periodically checking whether the first transmission path satisfies the required transmission quality indicated by the QoS information; determining a fourth transmission path according to QoS information of the target data flow when it is determined that the first transmission path does not satisfy the required transmission quality indicated by the QoS information, wherein the plurality of transmission paths includes the fourth transmission path, the fourth transmission path being a transmission path that satisfies the required transmission quality indicated by the QoS information; determining a fourth forwarding table item of the target data stream according to the fourth transmission path, wherein the fourth forwarding table item is used for indicating the network equipment to send the data packet belonging to the target data stream to the second network equipment through the fourth transmission path; and storing the fourth forwarding table entry and deleting the first forwarding table entry.
Illustratively, in the embodiment of the present application, the QoS information may include at least one of bandwidth, delay, throughput rate, and packet loss rate.
Illustratively, in the embodiment of the present application, the first forwarding table may include a flow identifier of the target data flow and a path identifier of the first transmission path. Of course, the first forwarding table entry may also include priority information of the target data stream.
The method and the device are based on the same technical conception, and because the principles of solving the problems by the method and the device are similar, the specific implementation manner of the operations performed by the above modules can refer to the corresponding steps in the data transmission method in the embodiment of the present application, so that the implementation of the device and the method can refer to each other, and the repetition is not repeated.
Based on the same technical concept, the embodiment of the application also provides a data transmission device 1300. Referring to fig. 13, the apparatus 1300 includes at least one processor 1301, and a memory 1302 and a communication interface 1303 communicatively connected to the at least one processor 1301; the memory 1302 stores instructions executable by the at least one processor 1301, and the at least one processor 1301 executes the data transmission method according to the embodiments of the present application by executing the instructions stored in the memory 1302 using the communication interface 1303.
As an alternative implementation, in an embodiment of the present application, the processor 1301 may specifically include a central processing unit (central processing unit, CPU), an application specific integrated circuit (application specific integrated circuit, ASIC), one or more integrated circuits that are used to control program execution, a hardware circuit that is developed using a field programmable gate array (field programmable gate array, FPGA), and a baseband processor.
As an alternative implementation, in an embodiment of the present application, processor 1301 may include at least one processing core.
As an alternative implementation, in an embodiment of the present application, the memory 1302 may include a Read Only Memory (ROM), a random access memory (random access memory, RAM), and a disk memory. The memory 1302 is used to store data required by the processor 1301 when running.
The method and apparatus described in the present application are based on the same technical concept, and because the principles of solving the problems by the method and apparatus are similar, the specific implementation manner of the operations performed by the at least one processor 1301 may refer to the corresponding steps in the data transmission method in the embodiment of the present application, so that the implementation of the apparatus and method may refer to each other, and the repetition is omitted.
The embodiment of the application also provides a computer readable storage medium, wherein the computer readable storage medium stores a computer program, and the computer program comprises program instructions, and when the program instructions are executed by a computer, the computer is caused to execute the data transmission method described in the embodiment of the application.
Embodiments of the present application are described with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the application. It will be understood that each flow and/or block of the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, and combinations of flows and/or blocks in the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
In the above embodiments, it may be implemented in whole or in part by software, hardware, firmware, or any combination thereof. When implemented in software, may be implemented in whole or in part in the form of a computer program product. The computer program product includes one or more computer instructions. When loaded and executed on a computer, produces a flow or function in accordance with embodiments of the present application, in whole or in part. The computer may be a general purpose computer, a special purpose computer, a computer network, or other programmable apparatus. The computer instructions may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium or transmitted from one computer-readable storage medium to another, for example, from one website, computer, server, or data center by a wired (e.g., coaxial cable, fiber optic, digital subscriber line (digital subscriber line, DSL)) or wireless (e.g., infrared, wireless, microwave, etc.) means. The computer readable storage medium may be any available medium that can be accessed by a computer or a data storage device such as a server, data center, etc. that contains an integration of one or more available media. The usable medium may be a magnetic medium (e.g., a floppy disk, a hard disk, a magnetic tape), an optical medium (e.g., a digital versatile disk (digital versatile disc, DVD)), or a semiconductor medium (e.g., a Solid State Disk (SSD)), or the like.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made to the embodiments of the present application without departing from the spirit and scope of the application. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the embodiments of the present application fall within the scope of the claims and the equivalents thereof, the present application is intended to encompass such modifications and variations.

Claims (22)

1. A data transmission method, for use in a network comprising a first network device and a second network device, the first network device in communication with the second network device via a plurality of transmission paths, the method comprising:
the first network device receives a target data packet, wherein the target data packet is a data packet sent from the first network device to the second network device;
the first network device determines a target data flow to which the target data packet belongs according to the target data packet;
the first network device determines whether the first network device stores a first forwarding table item of the target data stream, wherein the first forwarding table item indicates the first network device to send data packets belonging to the target data stream to the second network device via a first transmission path, and the plurality of transmission paths comprise the first transmission path;
When the first network device determines that the first forwarding table entry is not stored in the first network device, the first network device determines a second transmission path according to the QoS information of the target data flow and the first network device determines a second forwarding table entry of the target data flow according to the second transmission path, the QoS information indicates a required transmission quality in a process of transmitting a data packet belonging to the target data flow from the first network device to the second network device, the second transmission path is a transmission path meeting the required transmission quality indicated by the QoS information, the plurality of transmission paths include the second transmission path, and the second forwarding table entry indicates the first network device to transmit the data packet belonging to the target data flow to the second network device via the second transmission path;
and the first network equipment sends the target data packet to the second network equipment according to the second forwarding table item.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first network device determining a second transmission path based on QoS information of the target data flow comprises:
The first network device determines a target priority corresponding to the target data flow;
the first network device determining an actual transmission quality of each of the plurality of transmission paths when transmitting the data packet in the data stream of the target priority;
and the first network equipment determines the second transmission path meeting the required transmission quality indicated by the QoS information from the plurality of transmission paths according to the QoS information and the determined actual transmission quality of each transmission path when transmitting the data packet in the data flow with the target priority.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the first network device determining an actual transmission quality of each of the plurality of transmission paths when transmitting the data packets in the data stream of the target priority comprises:
the first network device determines the actual transmission quality of each transmission path when transmitting the data packet in the data stream of the target priority according to the transmission quality table item of each transmission path; the path quality table entry of each transmission path is used for indicating the actual transmission quality corresponding to each transmission path when transmitting the data packet in the data stream with at least one priority, and the at least one priority includes the target priority.
4. The method of claim 2, wherein the second transmission path is a transmission path of a best actual transmission quality among a plurality of transmission paths determined by the first network device to satisfy the required transmission quality indicated by the QoS information.
5. The method of any of claims 1-4, wherein after the first network device determines a second forwarding table entry for the target data stream from the second transmission path, the method further comprises:
the first network device stores the second forwarding table entry.
6. The method of any one of claims 1-4, wherein the method further comprises:
when the first network device determines that the first network device stores the first forwarding table entry, the first network device determines whether the first transmission path meets the required transmission quality indicated by the QoS information;
when the first network device determines that the first transmission path meets the required transmission quality indicated by the QoS information, the first network device sends the target data packet to the second network device via the first transmission path;
when the first network device determines that the first transmission path does not meet the required transmission quality indicated by the QoS information, the first network device determines a third transmission path according to the QoS information of the target data flow, where the plurality of transmission paths includes the third transmission path, and the third transmission path is a transmission path that meets the required transmission quality indicated by the QoS information;
Determining a third forwarding table item of the target data stream according to the third transmission path, wherein the third forwarding table item is used for indicating the first network device to send data packets belonging to the target data stream to the second network device through the third transmission path;
and sending the target data packet to the second network equipment according to the third forwarding table item.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein after the first network device determines a third forwarding table entry for the target data stream based on the third transmission path, the method further comprises:
and the first network equipment stores the third forwarding table item and deletes the first forwarding table item.
8. The method of claim 6, wherein the method further comprises:
the first network device periodically checks whether the first transmission path satisfies the required transmission quality indicated by the QoS information;
when the first network device determines that the first transmission path does not meet the required transmission quality indicated by the QoS information, the first network device determines a fourth transmission path according to the QoS information of the target data flow, where the plurality of transmission paths includes the fourth transmission path, and the fourth transmission path is a transmission path that meets the required transmission quality indicated by the QoS information;
The first network device determines a fourth forwarding table item of the target data stream according to the fourth transmission path, wherein the fourth forwarding table item is used for indicating the first network device to send a data packet belonging to the target data stream to the second network device through the fourth transmission path;
and the first network equipment stores the fourth forwarding table item and deletes the first forwarding table item.
9. The method of any of claims 1-4, wherein the QoS information comprises at least one of bandwidth, latency, throughput, and packet loss rate.
10. The method according to any of claims 1-4, wherein the first forwarding entry comprises a flow identification of the target data flow and a path identification of the first transmission path.
11. The method of claim 10, wherein the first forwarding table entry further comprises priority information for the target data stream.
12. A data transmission apparatus for use with a first network device, comprising:
a receiving module, configured to receive a target data packet, where the target data packet is a data packet sent from the first network device to a second network device; wherein the first network device communicates with the second network device via a plurality of transmission paths;
The processing module is used for determining a target data flow to which the target data packet belongs according to the target data packet; and determining whether the first network device stores a first forwarding table entry of the target data stream, wherein the first forwarding table entry indicates the first network device to send data packets belonging to the target data stream to the second network device via a first transmission path, and the plurality of transmission paths include the first transmission path; and determining a second transmission path according to QoS information of the target data flow and determining a second forwarding table of the target data flow according to the second transmission path when it is determined that the first forwarding table is not stored in the network device, the QoS information indicating a required transmission quality in a transmission process of a data packet belonging to the target data flow from the first network device to the second network device, the second transmission path being a transmission path satisfying the required transmission quality indicated by the QoS information, the plurality of transmission paths including the second transmission path, the second forwarding table indicating that the first network device transmits the data packet belonging to the target data flow to the second network device via the second transmission path;
And the sending module is used for sending the target data packet to the second network equipment according to the second forwarding table item.
13. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the processing module is configured to, when determining the second transmission path based on QoS information of the target data flow:
determining a target priority corresponding to the target data flow;
determining an actual transmission quality of each of the plurality of transmission paths when transmitting data packets in the data stream of the target priority;
and determining the second transmission path meeting the required transmission quality indicated by the QoS information from the plurality of transmission paths according to the QoS information and the determined actual transmission quality of each transmission path when transmitting the data packet in the data flow with the target priority.
14. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the processing module, when determining an actual transmission quality for each of the plurality of transmission paths when transmitting packets in the data stream of the target priority, is to:
determining the actual transmission quality of each transmission path when transmitting the data packet in the data stream of the target priority according to the transmission quality table item of each transmission path; the path quality table entry of each transmission path is used for indicating the actual transmission quality corresponding to each transmission path when transmitting the data packet in the data stream with at least one priority, and the at least one priority includes the target priority.
15. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the second transmission path is a transmission path of a best actual transmission quality among a plurality of transmission paths determined by the processing module to satisfy the required transmission quality indicated by the QoS information.
16. The apparatus of any of claims 12-15, wherein the processing module is further to:
and after determining a second forwarding table entry of the target data stream according to the second transmission path, saving the second forwarding table entry.
17. The apparatus of any of claims 12-15, wherein the processing module is further to:
when the network equipment is determined to store the first forwarding table item, determining whether the first transmission path meets the required transmission quality indicated by the QoS information;
the sending module is further configured to: transmitting the target data packet to the second network device via the first transmission path when the processing module determines that the first transmission path meets the required transmission quality indicated by the QoS information;
the processing module is further configured to: determining a third transmission path according to QoS information of the target data flow when it is determined that the first transmission path does not satisfy the required transmission quality indicated by the QoS information, the plurality of transmission paths including the third transmission path, the third transmission path being a transmission path satisfying the required transmission quality indicated by the QoS information; determining a third forwarding table item of the target data stream according to the third transmission path, wherein the third forwarding table item is used for indicating the network equipment to send the data packet belonging to the target data stream to the second network equipment through the third transmission path;
The sending module is further configured to: and sending the target data packet to the second network equipment according to the third forwarding table item.
18. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the processing module is further to:
and after a third forwarding table of the target data stream is determined according to the third transmission path, the third forwarding table is saved, and the first forwarding table is deleted.
19. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the processing module is further to:
periodically checking whether the first transmission path satisfies the required transmission quality indicated by the QoS information;
determining a fourth transmission path according to the QoS information of the target data flow when the first transmission path does not meet the required transmission quality indicated by the QoS information, wherein the plurality of transmission paths include the fourth transmission path, and the fourth transmission path is a transmission path meeting the required transmission quality indicated by the QoS information;
determining a fourth forwarding table item of the target data stream according to the fourth transmission path, wherein the fourth forwarding table item is used for indicating the network equipment to send the data packet belonging to the target data stream to the second network equipment through the fourth transmission path;
And storing the fourth forwarding table entry and deleting the first forwarding table entry.
20. The apparatus of any of claims 12-15, wherein the QoS information comprises at least one of bandwidth, latency, throughput, and packet loss rate.
21. The apparatus of any of claims 12-15, wherein the first forwarding entry includes a flow identification of the target data flow and a path identification of the first transmission path.
22. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein the first forwarding table entry further comprises priority information for the target data stream.
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