CN111755834A - High-quality factor microwave metamaterial similar to coplanar waveguide transmission line structure - Google Patents
High-quality factor microwave metamaterial similar to coplanar waveguide transmission line structure Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a high-quality factor microwave metamaterial similar to a coplanar waveguide transmission line structure, and belongs to the technical field of metamaterial structures. The microwave metamaterial is obtained by periodically arranging unit structures of a coplanar waveguide-like transmission line structure along the electric field direction and the magnetic field direction of electromagnetic waves, has an ultrahigh quality factor (Q) value, and can reach 353.2 at the working frequency of 13.09 GHz; has higher sensitivity to the refractive index of the surrounding environment, simple structure and simple and convenient preparation process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of metamaterial structures, and particularly relates to a microwave metamaterial with a coplanar waveguide structure type and application thereof in sensing.
Background
The metamaterial is a composite material based on an artificially designed periodic structure and exhibiting extraordinary physical properties, such as extraordinary physical phenomena with equivalent negative dielectric constant and refractive index, perfect absorption, Fano resonance and the like. The device prepared based on the metamaterial has high application potential in the technical fields of high-sensitivity sensors, switching devices, wave-absorbing devices and the like. In these applications, such as high-sensitivity sensing, the quality factor (Q) of the unit resonator plays a crucial role in the overall performance of the device. When the device has a higher quality factor, it is more easily detected for a change in the amount of detection, and therefore has a higher sensitivity. Meanwhile, compared with the metamaterial with a higher frequency band, the metamaterial (3GHz-30GHz) working at a low frequency band has the advantages of being easy to excite and detect and the like, and is widely researched. However, most of the current researches are focused on a planar structure and the asymmetry of a unit to realize a high-Q microwave metamaterial, and the frequency is selected by coupling with a space electromagnetic wave and introducing a current trap mode. However, these modes are weakly coupled to free space and cannot achieve a large Q value. If the Q value of the resonator is low, it becomes very difficult to achieve a clear transmission response, and a more complicated structure is required, which leads to an increase in cost and a reduction in applicability (h.liu, k.ford, and r.langley, "minor bandwidth front selected with a limited capacity components," electronics drivers, vol.44, No.18, pp.1054-1055,2008.). Although there have been reports on the realization of some metamaterials with higher Q values, such as A.I.Al-Naib et al (I.A.Al-Naib, C.Jansen, and M.Koch, "High Q-factor measurements based on minor processed results single discrete detectors," Applied Physics Letters vol, 94, No.15, p.153505, 2009), an asymmetric open-loop structure is reported, with a quality factor of 200. However, metamaterial resonators with higher quality factors are still highly desirable because they allow for more compact, high performance detection devices.
Therefore, how to realize the microwave metamaterial structure with high quality factor becomes a problem to be solved urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the problems in the background art, the present invention is directed to a high quality factor microwave metamaterial similar to a coplanar waveguide transmission line structure. The microwave metamaterial is obtained by periodically arranging unit structures of a coplanar waveguide-like transmission line structure along the electric field direction and the magnetic field direction of electromagnetic waves, has an ultrahigh quality factor (Q) value, and is simple in structure and simple and convenient in preparation process.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the high-quality factor microwave metamaterial of the coplanar-like waveguide transmission line structure is characterized in that the microwave metamaterial is obtained by periodically arranging unit structures of the coplanar-like waveguide transmission line structure along the direction of an electric field and the direction of a magnetic field of electromagnetic waves; the unit structure comprises a medium substrate and three sub-wavelength structures which are sequentially arranged on the surface of the medium substrate and have the same thickness along the direction of an electromagnetic wave magnetic field, wherein the three sub-wavelength structures are respectively a first sub-wavelength structure, a second sub-wavelength structure and a third sub-wavelength structure; the dielectric substrate and the three sub-wavelength structures are rectangular and have equal width along the electromagnetic wave propagation direction; the first subwavelength structure and the third subwavelength structure are the same in size and are symmetrically arranged with respect to the second subwavelength structure;
the unit structures are sequentially arranged along the direction of an electric field of electromagnetic waves to obtain repeated units, and the periodicity is m; the repeating units are fixedly connected and arranged periodically at a distance of H along the magnetic field direction of the electromagnetic wave, and the periodicity is k, so that the microwave metamaterial is obtained.
Further, the width of the dielectric substrate along the electromagnetic wave propagation direction is L, the length of the dielectric substrate along the electromagnetic wave electric field direction is W, and the thickness of the dielectric substrate along the electromagnetic wave magnetic field direction is d1(ii) a The first sub-wavelength structure has a length a along the electromagnetic wave electric field direction and a thickness d along the electromagnetic wave magnetic field direction2(ii) a The length of the second sub-wavelength structure along the direction of the electromagnetic wave electric field is b; the distance between two adjacent subwavelength structures is g; wherein L, g, a, W and H are all less than lambda/2, d1And d2Are all less than lambda/4; where λ is the operating wavelength.
Further, m >6 λ/w, k >6 λ/H; where λ is the operating wavelength.
Furthermore, the dielectric substrate is made of a microwave circuit dielectric substrate material, preferably glass fiber reinforced polytetrafluoroethylene resin series, ceramic powder filled polytetrafluoroethylene resin tin series, ceramic powder filled thermosetting resin series or flexible dielectric material; the sub-wavelength structure material is a high-conductivity material, preferably a metal, an alloy or a composite conductive material.
Further, the flexible medium material is polytetrafluoroethylene (FR-4), Polyimide (PI), Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), or the like; the metal is copper, silver or gold, etc.; the composite conductive material is graphene, conductive silver paste and the like.
Further, the repeating units are fixedly connected through a mechanical clamp.
A regulation and control method of a high-quality factor microwave metamaterial of a coplanar waveguide-like transmission line structure is characterized in that the regulation and control of resonance frequency points and Q values are realized by adjusting the distance H between repeating units, the distance H is increased, and the resonance frequency can be moved to high frequency; the length L is increased, so that the resonant frequency can be moved to a low frequency, and the Q value is basically unchanged.
The mechanism of the microwave metamaterial provided by the invention with a high Q value is as follows: the three sub-wavelength structures designed by the invention form a coplanar waveguide-like transmission line structure on the surface of a dielectric substrate, so that the incident electromagnetic wave is strongly coupled with the structure, the frequency band range of specific frequency is limited to pass, and the frequency selection effect is achieved.
In summary, due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the microwave metamaterial with a brand-new structure has an ultrahigh Q value, and the quality factor of the microwave metamaterial can reach 353.2 at the working frequency of 13.09 GHz; the high-sensitivity sensing device has high sensitivity to the refractive index of the surrounding environment, has high potential in the aspects of high-sensitivity sensing and the like, and is simple in structure and convenient to prepare.
2. The characteristics of the microwave metamaterial can be adjusted and controlled by working frequency, and the microwave metamaterial with required response characteristics can be designed easily due to a plurality of adjustable and controllable factors; and the regulation and control mode is simple and easy.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a microwave metamaterial according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a unit structure of a microwave metamaterial according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a top view of a unit structure of a microwave metamaterial according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a transmission coefficient diagram of a microwave metamaterial according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a graph of transmission coefficients of the microwave metamaterial according to embodiment 2 of the present invention at different widths L.
FIG. 6 is a graph of the transmission coefficient of the microwave metamaterial according to embodiment 3 of the present invention at the array pitch H.
FIG. 7 is a graph of transmission coefficients of the microwave metamaterial according to embodiment 1 of the present invention under different ambient refractive indexes n.
FIG. 8 is a linear fitting graph of the resonant frequency and the refractive index of the microwave metamaterial according to embodiment 1 of the invention.
In the figure, 1 is a first subwavelength structure, 2 is a second subwavelength structure, 3 is a third subwavelength structure, and 4 is a dielectric substrate.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following embodiments and accompanying drawings.
Example 1
A high-quality factor microwave metamaterial of a coplanar waveguide-like transmission line structure is obtained by periodically arranging unit structures of the coplanar waveguide-like transmission line structure along the electric field direction and the magnetic field direction of electromagnetic waves, the structural schematic diagram is shown in figure 1, the embodiment is that the structural units are arrayed along the electric field direction (X axis) and the magnetic field direction (Y axis) of the electromagnetic waves, the unit structures are sequentially arranged along the X direction to obtain repeated units, and the period number is m and is 2; the repeating units are arranged in a periodic manner at intervals of H along the y direction, the period number is k and is 2, and a schematic diagram of the array of 2 x 2 is formed. A schematic diagram of a structural unit is shown in fig. 2, a dielectric substrate 4 and three sequentially arranged sub-wavelength structures 1, 2, and 3 located on the surface of the dielectric substrate 4, the dielectric substrate and the three sub-wavelength structures form an arrangement similar to a coplanar waveguide transmission line, the dielectric substrate and the three sub-wavelength structures are rectangular, and the widths of the three sub-wavelength structures along the propagation direction (Z axis) of electromagnetic waves are equal and are all L; the length of the dielectric substrate along the electromagnetic wave electric field direction (X axis) is W, the widths of the first sub-wavelength structure and the third sub-wavelength structure are equal and are a, the first sub-wavelength structure and the third sub-wavelength structure are symmetrically distributed about the second sub-wavelength structure, the second sub-wavelength structure is arranged at the center position of the surface of the dielectric substrate, the width is b, and the distance between every two adjacent sub-wavelength structures is g.
In this embodiment, the incident electromagnetic wave is in the Z-axis direction, the electric field polarization direction of the incident electromagnetic wave is in the X-axis direction, and the unit structure is shown in fig. 3 in a plan view, where the length W of the dielectric substrate is 15mm, and the pitch H of the repeating units in the electromagnetic wave magnetic field direction (Y-axis) is 6 mm; the sizes of the specific unit structures are as follows: 8mm, 4mm, 0.5mm, and a thickness d of the dielectric substrate 41Thickness d of three subwavelength structures of 0.1mm2＝0.018mm。
FIG. 4 is a graph of the transmission coefficient of the microwave metamaterial in the embodiment in the frequency band of 11GHz-14.5 GHz. As can be seen from FIG. 4, the microwave metamaterial based on the coplanar waveguide transmission line structure generates a narrow stop band at 13.09GHz, the blocking characteristic of the microwave metamaterial can reach 20.93dB, and the resonance quality factor Q can be calculated according to the formula
A calculation is performed (where f is the corresponding resonant frequency at the resonant peak, and Δ f represents the width of the corresponding resonant frequency at which the resonant peak reaches 3dB in the electromagnetic stop band window). Through calculation, the quality factor can reach 353.2 at the moment.
Example 2
The microwave metamaterial is designed according to the parameters of the embodiment 1, only the width L is adjusted to be 5mm, 6mm, 7mm or 9mm, and other parameters are unchanged.
The transmission coefficient graph of the microwave metamaterial obtained in the embodiment is shown in fig. 5, and it can be seen from the graph that a red shift phenomenon appears with the increase of the width L, and meanwhile, Δ f and f are both reduced to a certain extent, but the device still maintains the higher quality factor, and the working frequency of the structure can be regulated and controlled based on the higher quality factor.
Example 3
The microwave metamaterial is designed according to the parameters of the embodiment 1, only the distance H of the repeating units in the electromagnetic wave magnetic field direction (Y axis) is adjusted to be 1mm, 2mm, 3mm, 4mm, 5mm, 7mm or 8mm, and other parameters are not changed.
The graph of the transmission coefficient of the microwave metamaterial obtained in this embodiment is shown in fig. 6, and it can be seen from the graph that the resonant frequency of the microwave metamaterial moves to a high frequency along with the increase of H, but the transmission coefficient of the microwave metamaterial first becomes better and then is greatly deteriorated, specifically, when H is 3mm, the transmission coefficient reaches a minimum value, and then the transmission response gradually becomes worse along with the increase of H, so that when the microwave metamaterial is applied as a sensor or the like, a certain problem exists, such as that a transmission signal cannot be well detected. Therefore, the frequency can not be regulated at will, and the H has better performance when being between 2mm and 6mm, so that the working frequency of the device can be effectively regulated and controlled within the range.
Fig. 7 and 8 are sensitivity analysis graphs of the microwave metamaterial according to embodiment 1 of the invention on the change of the refractive index (n) of the surrounding environment. As shown in FIG. 7, the resonant frequency of the microwave metamaterial gradually moves to a low frequency along with the increase of the refractive index of the surrounding environment, but a good resonant characteristic and a high quality factor are still maintained, and the resonant frequency changes the refractive index through linear fitting, as shown in FIG. 8, the microwave metamaterial has a high sensitivity which reaches 2.234GHz/RIU, so that the microwave metamaterial has a high potential in detection.
While the invention has been described with reference to specific embodiments, any feature disclosed in this specification may be replaced by alternative features serving the same, equivalent or similar purpose, unless expressly stated otherwise; all of the disclosed features, or all of the method or process steps, may be combined in any combination, except mutually exclusive features and/or steps.
Claims (7)
1. The high-quality factor microwave metamaterial of the coplanar-like waveguide transmission line structure is characterized in that the microwave metamaterial is obtained by periodically arranging unit structures of the coplanar-like waveguide transmission line structure along the direction of an electric field and the direction of a magnetic field of electromagnetic waves; the unit structure comprises a medium substrate and three sub-wavelength structures which are sequentially arranged on the surface of the medium substrate and have the same thickness along the direction of an electromagnetic wave magnetic field, wherein the three sub-wavelength structures are respectively a first sub-wavelength structure, a second sub-wavelength structure and a third sub-wavelength structure; the dielectric substrate and the three sub-wavelength structures are rectangular and have equal width along the electromagnetic wave propagation direction; the first subwavelength structure and the third subwavelength structure are the same in size and are symmetrically arranged with respect to the second subwavelength structure;
the unit structures are sequentially arranged along the direction of an electric field of electromagnetic waves to obtain repeated units, and the periodicity is m; the repeating units are fixedly connected and arranged periodically at a distance of H along the magnetic field direction of the electromagnetic wave, and the periodicity is k, so that the microwave metamaterial is obtained.
2. The high-quality-factor microwave metamaterial having a coplanar waveguide-like transmission line structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein the dielectric substrate has a width L along a propagation direction of the electromagnetic wave, a length W along an electric field direction of the electromagnetic wave, and a thickness d along a magnetic field direction of the electromagnetic wave1(ii) a The first sub-wavelength structure has a length a along the electromagnetic wave electric field direction and a thickness d along the electromagnetic wave magnetic field direction2(ii) a The length of the second sub-wavelength structure along the direction of the electromagnetic wave electric field is b; the distance between two adjacent subwavelength structures is g; wherein L, g, a, W and H are all less than lambda/2, d1And d2Are all less than lambda/4; where λ is the operating wavelength.
3. The high-q microwave metamaterial for quasi-coplanar waveguide transmission line structures as in claim 1, wherein m >6 λ/w, k >6 λ/H; where λ is the operating wavelength.
4. The high-quality-factor microwave metamaterial of a coplanar waveguide-like transmission line structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein the material of the dielectric substrate is glass fiber reinforced polytetrafluoroethylene resin series, ceramic powder filled polytetrafluoroethylene resin tin series, ceramic powder filled thermosetting resin series or flexible dielectric material; the sub-wavelength structural material is metal, alloy or composite conductive material.
5. The high-quality-factor microwave metamaterial according to claim 4, wherein the flexible dielectric material is polytetrafluoroethylene, polyimide, polydimethylsiloxane or polyethylene terephthalate; the metal is copper, silver or gold; the composite conductive material is graphene or conductive silver paste.
6. The high quality factor microwave metamaterial of a coplanar waveguide-like transmission line structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein the repeating units are fixedly connected by mechanical clamps.
7. A regulation and control method of a high-quality factor microwave metamaterial of a coplanar waveguide-like transmission line structure is characterized in that the regulation and control of resonance frequency points and Q values are realized by adjusting the distance H between repeating units, the distance H is increased, and the resonance frequency is moved to high frequency; the length L is increased, so that the resonant frequency is moved to a low frequency, and the Q value is basically unchanged.
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