CN111755808A - Broadband millimeter wave MIMO antenna loaded with horizontal radiation branches and butterfly parasitic units - Google Patents

Broadband millimeter wave MIMO antenna loaded with horizontal radiation branches and butterfly parasitic units Download PDF

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CN111755808A
CN111755808A CN202010634395.6A CN202010634395A CN111755808A CN 111755808 A CN111755808 A CN 111755808A CN 202010634395 A CN202010634395 A CN 202010634395A CN 111755808 A CN111755808 A CN 111755808A
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width
antenna
mimo antenna
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CN111755808B (en
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严冬
杭锐
王平
郭保仓
郭琪富
程威
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Chongqing University of Post and Telecommunications
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/48Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/52Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure
    • H01Q1/521Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure reducing the coupling between adjacent antennas
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/16Resonant antennas with feed intermediate between the extremities of the antenna, e.g. centre-fed dipole
    • H01Q9/28Conical, cylindrical, cage, strip, gauze, or like elements having an extended radiating surface; Elements comprising two conical surfaces having collinear axes and adjacent apices and fed by two-conductor transmission lines
    • H01Q9/285Planar dipole

Abstract

The invention relates to a broadband millimeter wave MIMO antenna loaded with horizontal radiation branches and butterfly parasitic units, and belongs to the field of wireless communication. The MIMO antenna comprises two mutually orthogonal unit antennas; the unit antenna comprises a unit antenna top layer radiation structure and a unit antenna bottom layer radiation structure; the top layer radiation structure of the unit antenna comprises a leftward inverted-L-shaped branch, a horizontal rectangular radiation branch arranged on the right side of a vertical arm of the inverted-L-shaped branch, and a butterfly parasitic unit arranged at the upper end of the inverted-L-shaped branch; the bottom radiation structure of the unit antenna comprises a part which is in mirror symmetry with the top radiation structure of the unit antenna and a floor branch section arranged at the bottom of the mirror symmetry part. The invention realizes high bandwidth, high gain, high isolation and good directionality of the MIMO antenna by using a simple structure and lower cost.

Description

Broadband millimeter wave MIMO antenna loaded with horizontal radiation branches and butterfly parasitic units
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of wireless communication, and relates to a broadband millimeter wave MIMO antenna loaded with horizontal radiation branches and butterfly parasitic units.
Background
The traditional antenna system is mainly a single antenna system, the electromagnetic signal can generate the multipath fading problem in the propagation process, and the single antenna system has low channel capacity, thereby limiting the maximum transmission rate of the communication system. In order to solve the problems of multipath fading, low channel capacity and the like of a single antenna system, researchers provide an MIMO technology.
The MIMO technology uses a plurality of antennas at a transmitting end and a receiving end of a system respectively, makes full use of space resources to enable signals to be transmitted and received, and uses the plurality of antennas to perform multi-transmission and multi-reception, so that the channel capacity is greatly improved on the premise of not increasing additional transmitting power and spectrum resources, and the wireless communication quality can be greatly improved. There are certain difficulties in obtaining higher channel capacity by using MIMO technology, and the biggest difficulty is in the design of multiple antennas. Two parameters of the antenna elements and the number of the antenna elements are considered in an important mode, and when a large number of antennas are placed at a base station end of mobile communication, the practical application of the antennas cannot be influenced due to the small limitation of the volume factor of equipment. However, for miniaturized mobile terminal devices, it is a difficult problem to put multiple antennas and keep the performance of the antennas good, so two major difficulties in the design process of the mobile terminal antennas are the antenna element spacing and the number. At present, a common MIMO antenna is complex in structure, a three-layer or four-layer structure is adopted, the weight of used materials is large, the cost is relatively high, the size is large, the corresponding loss is relatively large, and the processing is difficult.
Therefore, a wideband millimeter wave MIMO antenna with a simple structure and a good communication effect is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the present invention aims to provide a broadband millimeter wave MIMO antenna loaded with horizontal radiation branches and butterfly parasitic elements, which solves the problems of multipath fading, low channel capacity, and the like of a single antenna system, and the problems of complex structure and large volume of the existing MIMO antenna. The effects of wide frequency band, high gain, high isolation and good directionality of the MIMO antenna are realized by using a simple structure and lower cost.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a broadband millimeter wave MIMO antenna loaded with horizontal radiating branches and butterfly parasitic elements comprises: two mutually orthogonal element antennas; the unit antenna comprises a unit antenna top layer radiation structure and a unit antenna bottom layer radiation structure;
the unit antenna top layer radiation structure includes: the antenna comprises a leftward inverted-L-shaped branch 1, a horizontal rectangular radiation branch 2 arranged on the right side of a vertical arm of the inverted-L-shaped branch 1, and a butterfly parasitic unit 3 arranged at the upper end of the inverted-L-shaped branch 1;
the bottom radiation structure of the unit antenna comprises a part which is in mirror symmetry with the top radiation structure of the unit antenna and a floor branch 4 arranged at the bottom of the mirror symmetry part.
Furthermore, the MIMO antenna also comprises a dielectric substrate, and the top layer radiation structures of the two unit antennas are arranged on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate; the bottom radiation structures of the two unit antennas are respectively arranged on the lower surface of the dielectric substrate.
Further, the horizontal arm length and width and the vertical arm width of the inverted-L branch 1 of the top radiation structure of the unit antenna and the bottom radiation structure of the unit antenna, and the length and width of the rectangular radiation branch 2 and the length and width of the butterfly parasitic unit 3 are the same.
Furthermore, the MIMO antenna works in a frequency band of 23.1-35 GHz.
Furthermore, the horizontal arm length (2 × L2-W1) of the radiation structure of the unit antenna is half of the wavelength of the medium.
Furthermore, the horizontal arm and the vertical arm of the inverted L-shaped branch knot 1 are both rectangular structures, and the transverse width of the vertical arm is equal to the vertical width of the horizontal arm.
Further, the floor branch 4 is a rectangleA shape structure with transverse width greater than longitudinal width L42.4mm and a transverse width W of 6 mm.
Further, the length L of the horizontal arm of the inverted L-shaped branch knot 122.6mm in width and 0.8mm in width; length L of vertical arm1Is 3.9mm and has a width w1Is 0.8 mm.
Further, the horizontal length L of the rectangular radiation branch 23Is 1mm and has a vertical width w3Is 0.5 mm.
Further, the butterfly parasitic element 3 is L long5Is 0.8mm and has a width w5Is 1.6 mm.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the invention is a single-layer structure, and achieves broadband and high gain required by the millimeter wave MIMO antenna by etching copper sheets with corresponding shapes on the top layer and the bottom layer of the dielectric substrate and orthogonally arranging the two antenna units, namely the invention realizes the broadband, high gain, high isolation and good directionality effects of the MIMO antenna by using a simple structure and lower cost.
(2) According to the invention, by utilizing the traditional inverted L-shaped dipole antenna, more resonant frequency points are generated by loading the horizontal rectangular radiation branch on the right side of the vertical arm of the inverted L-shaped branch, the bandwidth of the antenna is sequentially expanded, the butterfly parasitic unit is loaded at the upper end of the antenna to improve the gain of the antenna, and the two antenna units are mutually orthogonal, so that a better isolation effect is realized, and no additional decoupling deconstruction is added.
Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention may be realized and attained by the means of the instrumentalities and combinations particularly pointed out hereinafter.
Drawings
For the purposes of promoting a better understanding of the objects, aspects and advantages of the invention, reference will now be made to the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:
fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a top layer radiation structure of a unit antenna of a MIMO antenna according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the bottom radiation structure of the unit antenna of the MIMO antenna of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a top layer structure of a MIMO antenna according to the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the bottom structure of a MIMO antenna of the present invention (i.e., fig. 3 is left-right turned and viewed from above);
fig. 5 is a schematic size diagram of a top radiation structure of the unit antenna shown in fig. 1;
fig. 6 is a diagram of S11 parameters for a MIMO antenna of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a diagram of S21 parameters for a MIMO antenna of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is an E-plane view of a MIMO antenna of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a H-plane view of a MIMO antenna of the present invention;
fig. 10 is a gain diagram of a MIMO antenna of the present invention.
Reference numerals: 1-inverted L-shaped branch, 2-rectangular radiation branch, 3-butterfly parasitic unit and 4-floor branch.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to specific embodiments, and other advantages and effects of the present invention will be easily understood by those skilled in the art from the disclosure of the present specification. The invention is capable of other and different embodiments and of being practiced or of being carried out in various ways, and its several details are capable of modification in various respects, all without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. It should be noted that the drawings provided in the following embodiments are only for illustrating the basic idea of the present invention in a schematic way, and the features in the following embodiments and examples may be combined with each other without conflict.
Wherein the showings are for the purpose of illustrating the invention only and not for the purpose of limiting the same, and in which there is shown by way of illustration only and not in the drawings in which there is no intention to limit the invention thereto; to better illustrate the embodiments of the present invention, some parts of the drawings may be omitted, enlarged or reduced, and do not represent the size of an actual product; it will be understood by those skilled in the art that certain well-known structures in the drawings and descriptions thereof may be omitted.
The same or similar reference numerals in the drawings of the embodiments of the present invention correspond to the same or similar components; in the description of the present invention, it should be understood that if there is an orientation or positional relationship indicated by terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "rear", etc., based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, it is only for convenience of description and simplification of description, but it is not an indication or suggestion that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and therefore, the terms describing the positional relationship in the drawings are only used for illustrative purposes, and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention, and the specific meaning of the terms may be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
Referring to fig. 1 to 10, in the preferred embodiment of the present invention, a wideband millimeter wave MIMO antenna loaded with horizontal radiating branches and butterfly parasitic elements is designed, as shown in fig. 1 to 5, the antenna is a single-layer structure, two mutually orthogonal unit antennas are disposed above and below a single-layer dielectric substrate, and each unit antenna is composed of a unit antenna top-layer radiating structure and a unit antenna bottom-layer radiating structure. The two unit antennas are mutually orthogonally arranged, and a multi-channel communication function is achieved.
Wherein, the top layer radiation structure of the unit antenna is shown in fig. 1 and fig. 3: firstly, loading a left inverted L-shaped branch knot 1 to generate a resonant frequency point; then, a horizontal rectangular radiation branch 2 is loaded on the right side of the inverted-L-shaped vertical arm to generate another resonance frequency point; and finally, loading a butterfly parasitic unit 3 at the upper end of the inverted L-shaped branch 1 to improve the gain of the antenna. As shown in fig. 4, the bottom radiation structure of the unit antenna is substantially mirror symmetrical to the top radiation structure, except that the bottom radiation structure is loaded with a floor branch 4 at the bottom. The length and width of the horizontal arm and the width of the vertical arm of the inverted L-shaped branch of the top layer and the bottom layer are the same as the length and width of the horizontal rectangular radiation branch and the length and width of the butterfly parasitic unit.
The horizontal arm length (2 x L2-W1) of the unit antenna radiation structure of the dipole MIMO antenna is one half of the medium wavelength. The horizontal arm and the vertical arm of the inverted L-shaped branch are both rectangular structures, and the transverse width of the vertical arm is equal to the vertical width of the horizontal arm. The floor branch sections are rectangular, and the transverse width is greater than the longitudinal width.
The preferred dielectric substrate of this embodiment is Rogers RT/duroid 5880 material.
Specifically, the lengths of the respective portions of the dipole MIMO antenna of the present embodiment are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 parameter settings (unit: mm) for MIMO antennas
Figure BDA0002567463560000041
Length L of horizontal arm of inverted L-shaped branch 122.6mm in width and 0.8mm in width; length L of vertical arm1Is 3.9mm and has a width w1Is 0.8 mm. Horizontal length L of rectangular radiation branch 23Is 1mm and has a vertical width w3Is 0.5 mm. Butterfly parasitic element 3 is long L5Is 0.8mm and has a width w5Is 1.6 mm. Longitudinal width L of floor branch 442.4mm and a transverse width W of 6 mm.
The microstrip filter of this embodiment has simple structure and small size, and is only 13mm by 0.508 mm. The main parameter indicators of the dipole MIMO antenna are return loss (S11), isolation (S21), and gain (gain).
The S11 parameter diagram of the MIMO antenna of this embodiment is shown in fig. 6, and it can be obtained from fig. 6 that the impedance bandwidth of the MIMO antenna of this embodiment is 23.1 to 35GHz, the relative bandwidth is 40.9%, and the minimum return loss is-44 dB. From fig. 7, it can be seen that the isolation of the MIMO antenna of the present embodiment is less than-19 dB in band, and reaches-22 dB at minimum. The E-plane and H-plane patterns of the MIMO antenna are shown in fig. 8 and 9, and as can be seen from fig. 8 and 9, the MIMO antenna of the present embodiment has directivity, pointing to the negative X half axis. Still another important indicator of the MIMO antenna is gain (gain), as shown in fig. 10, the gain of the MIMO antenna of this embodiment in the frequency band is 4.86-6.98 dBi.
Finally, the above embodiments are only intended to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit the present invention, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions may be made on the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions, and all of them should be covered by the claims of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A broadband millimeter wave MIMO antenna loaded with horizontal radiating branches and butterfly parasitic elements is characterized in that the MIMO antenna comprises: two mutually orthogonal element antennas; the unit antenna comprises a unit antenna top layer radiation structure and a unit antenna bottom layer radiation structure;
the unit antenna top layer radiation structure includes: the antenna comprises a leftward inverted L-shaped branch knot (1), a horizontal rectangular radiation branch knot (2) arranged on the right side of a vertical arm of the inverted L-shaped branch knot (1), and a butterfly parasitic unit (3) arranged at the upper end of the inverted L-shaped branch knot (1);
the bottom radiation structure of the unit antenna comprises a part which is in mirror symmetry with the top radiation structure of the unit antenna and a floor branch (4) arranged at the bottom of the mirror symmetry part.
2. The wideband millimeter wave MIMO antenna of claim 1, further comprising a dielectric substrate, the two-element antenna top layer radiating structure being disposed on an upper surface of the dielectric substrate; the bottom radiation structures of the two unit antennas are respectively arranged on the lower surface of the dielectric substrate.
3. The broadband millimeter wave MIMO antenna according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the horizontal arm length and width and the vertical arm width of the inverted-L branch (1) of the top radiation structure and the bottom radiation structure of the unit antenna, and the length and width of the rectangular radiation branch (2) and the length and width of the butterfly parasitic element (3) are the same.
4. The broadband millimeter wave MIMO antenna of claim 3, wherein the MIMO antenna operates in the 23.1-35 GHz band.
5. The wideband millimeter-wave MIMO antenna of claim 3, wherein the element antenna radiating structure has a horizontal arm length (2 x L2-W1) of one-half the dielectric wavelength.
6. The broadband millimeter wave MIMO antenna according to claim 3, wherein the horizontal arm and the vertical arm of the inverted L-shaped stub (1) are both rectangular structures, and the horizontal width of the vertical arm is equal to the vertical width of the horizontal arm.
7. The broadband millimeter wave MIMO antenna of claim 3, wherein the floor stubs (4) are rectangular in configuration with a transverse width greater than a longitudinal width, the longitudinal width L being greater than the longitudinal width42.4mm and a transverse width W of 6 mm.
8. Broadband millimeter wave MIMO antenna according to claim 6, characterized in that the length L of the horizontal arm of the inverted L-shaped stub (1)22.6mm in width and 0.8mm in width; length L of vertical arm1Is 3.9mm and has a width w1Is 0.8 mm.
9. Broadband millimeter wave MIMO antenna according to claim 3, characterized in that the rectangular radiating stub (2) has a horizontal length L3Is 1mm and has a vertical width w3Is 0.5 mm.
10. A wideband millimeter-wave MIMO antenna according to claim 3, characterized in that the butterfly parasitic elements (3) are L long5Is 0.8mm and has a width w5Is 1.6 mm.
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