CN111753457B - Finite element analysis method based on friction type self-powered wearable equipment - Google Patents

Finite element analysis method based on friction type self-powered wearable equipment Download PDF

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CN111753457B
CN111753457B CN202010626166.XA CN202010626166A CN111753457B CN 111753457 B CN111753457 B CN 111753457B CN 202010626166 A CN202010626166 A CN 202010626166A CN 111753457 B CN111753457 B CN 111753457B
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CN111753457A (en
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张墅野
何鹏
王鹏俊
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Harbin Institute of Technology
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Abstract

The invention discloses a finite element analysis method based on friction type self-powered wearable equipment. The invention belongs to the technical field of finite element analysis of friction type self-powered wearable equipment, and is based on the friction type self-powered wearable equipment, and a physical field is added; establishing a two-dimensional model of the friction type self-powered wearable device, adding materials and setting boundary conditions; setting grid cells based on the two-dimensional model; and setting solving conditions, starting simulation calculation, and performing finite element post-processing analysis. The invention provides a novel finite element scheme based on solid-liquid dual-phase TENG, which considers the shaking process of a liquid friction layer on the basis of the contact of the friction layer and provides a new idea for the finite element analysis of the solid-liquid dual-phase TENG.

Description

Finite element analysis method based on friction type self-powered wearable equipment
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of finite element analysis of friction type self-powered wearable equipment, in particular to a finite element analysis method based on friction type self-powered wearable equipment.
Background
The friction nanometer generator (TENG) is a novel energy collecting device, and has a wide application prospect in the field of self-powered wearable equipment manufacturing. Since triboelectrification is a charging effect caused by surface contact, in the micro-nano scale, solid-liquid contact may introduce a larger contact area and a lower friction coefficient compared with solid-solid contact, thereby having a larger energy conversion efficiency. Therefore, for TENG, the solid-liquid two-phase friction layer has the potential to be developed more than the traditional two-solid-phase friction layer. TENG finite element analysis is traditionally based on solid-phase TENG, and the structure is mostly a plate-to-plate friction structure.
Finite Element Methods (FEM) have become important solution techniques in many fields of engineering and physics. The versatility of finite element simulation is that it can model arbitrarily shaped structures, process complex materials, and apply various types of loads and boundary conditions. This approach can easily be adapted to different sets of formation equations, which makes it particularly attractive in coupled physics simulations.
The comsolmutiphysics software is widely applied in the scientific and industrial fields as a finite element software due to the diversity of interfaces, the convenience of interface interaction and the attention to user requirements. Engineers and researchers can use comsolmutiphysics software to simulate products and processes involved in various engineering, manufacturing, and research areas.
The students study the power generation process and power generation characteristics of the spherical friction nano-generator using aluminum sheets and Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) pellets as materials through comsolmutism finite element simulation software, as shown in fig. 1. Through reasonable parameter setting, the change condition of space potential in the power generation process of the spherical friction nano generator is simulated, and the process of driving the charge is displayed; by controlling a variable method, the dependence of the open-circuit voltage of the spherical friction nano generator on the number and the size of PTFE (Polytetrafluoroethylene) small balls, the number of aluminum sheets and other factors is researched. The research result shows that: the three-dimensional spherical friction generator can collect all-directional mechanical energy, and the movement of the small balls in the space positions inside the spherical shell causes charge transfer in circuits connected with different aluminum sheets, so that space potential is changed, an alternating current signal is generated, and the mechanical energy of the movement of the small balls is converted into electric energy. The open circuit voltage among different aluminum sheets shows a change rule of increasing first and then decreasing along with the increase of the radius of the small balls, the increase of the number of the small balls or the increase of the number of the aluminum sheets.
Some researchers studied the magnitude of the electric potential of the V-shaped friction nano generator under different opening and closing distances through COMSOLULTIPhysics finite element simulation software, as shown in FIG. 2. The surface charge densities of PTFE and copper foil were set to-12 μ C/m2 and 12 μ C/m2 by calculation of the amount of charge transfer in one cycle. Ideally, the potential difference between the two electrodes can reach 4800V when the separation distance is 5 mm.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a novel finite element scheme based on solid-liquid dual-phase TENG, which considers the shaking process of a liquid friction layer on the basis of the contact of the friction layer and provides a new idea for finite element analysis of the solid-liquid dual-phase TENG, and the invention provides a finite element analysis method based on friction type self-powered wearable equipment, and the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a finite element analysis method based on friction type self-powered wearable equipment comprises the following steps:
step 1: adding a physical field based on a friction type self-powered wearable device;
step 2: establishing a two-dimensional model of the friction type self-powered wearable device, adding materials and setting boundary conditions;
and step 3: setting grid cells based on the two-dimensional model;
and 4, step 4: and setting solving conditions, starting simulation calculation, and performing finite element post-processing analysis.
Preferably, the step 1 specifically comprises: based on friction type self-powered wearable equipment, a physical field is added, an AC/DC-electric field module and a current-static es module in COMSOLULTIPhysics are selected to be added to a component, all domains of the component are set to be in charge conservation, and the initial potential value of all domains of the component is set to be 0.
Preferably, the step 2 is: establishing a TENG two-dimensional model of the friction type self-powered wearable equipment by adopting finite element simulation software Comsol Multiphsics, wherein only a PTFE layer is reserved on a polar plate of the model, the size of a PTFE plate is 20 multiplied by 30 multiplied by 2cm, and the size of the cross section is 30 multiplied by 2 cm; the distance between the two plates is 30 cm; based on the first property of the friction contact process, the surface charge density of the liquid friction layer and the solid friction layer is based on the charge density of the contact of aluminum and PTFE;
when aluminum is in contact with PTFE, the surface charge density of aluminum is 10 μ C/m 2 The surface charge density of PTFE is-10 μ C/m 2 ，Ga 2 O 3 In contact with PTFE, Ga 2 O 3 The surface charge density was 3.3. mu.C/m 2 The surface charge density of PTFE is-3.3 μ C/m 2 When GaOOH is in contact with the surface of PTFE, the surface charge density of GaOOH is-10 μ C/m 2 The surface charge density of PTFE is 10 μ C/m 2 。
Preferably, the step 3 specifically comprises: based on the established two-dimensional model of the friction type self-powered wearable device, the size of grid units is set to be ultra-fine in COMSOL software, and the grid units are divided into free triangular grids.
Preferably, the step 4 specifically includes: setting solving conditions: when the liquid filling ratio is 1/2, the potential difference between the two polar plates reaches the maximum value, so that the liquid filling ratio Ga of 1/2 is selected 2 O 3 The process of contacting with PTFE and contacting with GaOOH and PTFE is simulated;
in the process of shaking the liquid level once, charge accumulation is generated on the polar plate due to charge transfer, so that potential difference between the two polar plates exists, the integral of the charge change of the polar plate is determined according to a charge accumulation method, and the integral Q of the charge change of the polar plate is represented by the following formula:
Q＝intop1(es.nD)*1[m]
nd is a parameter indicating a change in charge distribution;
the charge accumulation is generated on the polar plate in the process that the liquid level swings up to the highest point of the polar plate on one side from the horizontal state, and the charge accumulation amount is more than Ga in the contact friction process of GaOOH-PTFE 2 O 3 -PTFE contact friction process;
due to the difference of charge accumulation in the contact friction process, the potential difference between the TENG two polar plates is caused to generate and change the potential difference between different polar plates as the difference value of instantaneous potentials of the two polar plates in the model, and the potential difference V between the polar plates is represented by the following formula:
V＝es.fp1.V 0 -es.fp2.V 0
wherein, es.fp1.V0 refers to the potential of the polar plate 1, and es.fp2.V0 refers to the potential of the polar plate 2;
under the condition that the liquid filling ratio is 1/2, carrying out liquid level shaking height h parameterized scanning on the surface potential distribution of the component, wherein the scanning process is from the highest h at one side to-15 cm to the highest h at the other side to 15cm, and the scanning step length is 1 cm; manually controlling the color range, and drawing the surface potential distribution of the component when h is-15, h is-10, h is 10 and h is 15;
and adding a one-dimensional drawing group, drawing the process that the charge accumulation of the polar plate changes along with the change of the shaking height h of the liquid level and the potential difference between the polar plates changes along with the change of the height h of the liquid level through a parameterized scanning calculation result, and analyzing the electrical output performance of the assembly in the shaking process of the liquid level.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention provides a novel finite element scheme based on solid-liquid dual-phase TENG, which considers the shaking process of a liquid friction layer on the basis of the contact of the friction layer, provides a new idea for the finite element analysis of the solid-liquid dual-phase TENG, and shakes from the horizontal to the highest point of a polar plate on one side of a liquid levelIn the process of (1), Ga 2 O 3 The peak potential difference of PTFE is 26kV, and the peak potential difference of GaOOH-PTFE is 79 kV.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of the distribution of space potential when a small ball rotates through different angles;
FIG. 2 is a graph of the potential magnitude of TENG at different separation distances;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a finite element analysis method based on a friction-type self-powered wearable device;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a TENG triboelectric power generation process;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of two-dimensional modeling;
FIG. 6 is a diagram of a single sloshing process of liquid metal;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of meshing;
FIG. 8 is a graph of the maximum potential difference of two plates under different liquid filling ratios;
FIG. 9 is a plate potential distribution diagram in a Ga2O3-PTFE contact friction half-period;
FIG. 10 is a graph of plate potential distribution in half-cycle of GaOOH-PTFE contact friction
FIG. 11 is a graph of plate charge accumulation during level sloshing
FIG. 12 is a graph showing the variation of the potential difference between the plates during a half period of the liquid level oscillation.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples.
The first embodiment is as follows:
according to fig. 3, the present application provides a finite element analysis method based on a friction type self-powered wearable device, comprising the following steps:
a finite element analysis method based on friction type self-powered wearable equipment comprises the following steps:
step 1: adding a physical field based on a friction type self-powered wearable device;
the step 1 specifically comprises the following steps: based on friction type self-powered wearable equipment, a physical field is added, an AC/DC-electric field module and a current-static es module in COMSOL Multiphysics are selected to be added to a component, all domains of the component are set to be in charge conservation, and the initial potential value of all domains of the component is set to be 0.
Step 2: establishing a two-dimensional model of the friction type self-powered wearable device, adding materials and setting boundary conditions;
the step 2 is as follows: establishing a TENG two-dimensional model of the friction type self-powered wearable equipment by adopting finite element simulation software Comsol Multiphsics, wherein only a PTFE layer is reserved on a polar plate of the model, the size of a PTFE plate is 20 multiplied by 30 multiplied by 2cm, and the size of the cross section is 30 multiplied by 2 cm; the distance between the two plates is 30 cm; based on the first property of the friction contact process, the surface charge density of the liquid friction layer and the solid friction layer is based on the charge density of the contact of aluminum and PTFE;
when aluminum is in contact with PTFE, the surface charge density of aluminum is 10 μ C/m 2 The surface charge density of PTFE is-10 μ C/m 2 ，Ga 2 O 3 In contact with PTFE, Ga 2 O 3 The surface charge density was 3.3. mu.C/m 2 The surface charge density of PTFE is-3.3 μ C/m 2 When GaOOH is in contact with the surface of PTFE, the surface charge density of GaOOH is-10 μ C/m 2 The surface charge density of PTFE is 10 μ C/m 2 。
And step 3: setting grid cells based on the two-dimensional model; the step 3 specifically comprises the following steps: based on the established two-dimensional model of the friction type self-powered wearable device, the size of grid units is set to be ultra-fine in COMSOL software, and the grid units are divided into free triangular grids.
And 4, step 4: and setting solving conditions, starting simulation calculation, and performing finite element post-processing analysis.
The step 4 specifically comprises the following steps: setting solving conditions: when the liquid filling ratio is 1/2, the potential difference between the two polar plates reaches the maximum value, so that the liquid filling ratio Ga of 1/2 is selected 2 O 3 The process of contacting with PTFE and contacting with GaOOH and PTFE is simulated;
in the process of shaking the liquid level once, charge accumulation is generated on the polar plate due to charge transfer, so that potential difference between the two polar plates exists, the integral of the charge change of the polar plate is determined according to a charge accumulation method, and the integral Q of the charge change of the polar plate is represented by the following formula:
Q＝intop1(es.nD)*1[m]
nd is a parameter indicating a change in charge distribution;
the charge accumulation is generated on the polar plate in the process that the liquid level swings up to the highest point of the polar plate on one side from the horizontal state, and the charge accumulation amount is more than Ga in the contact friction process of GaOOH-PTFE 2 O 3 -PTFE contact friction process;
due to the difference of charge accumulation in the contact friction process, the potential difference between the TENG two polar plates is caused to generate and change the potential difference between different polar plates as the difference value of instantaneous potentials of the two polar plates in the model, and the potential difference V between the polar plates is represented by the following formula:
V＝es.fp1.V 0 -es.fp2.V 0
wherein, es.fp1.V0 refers to the potential of the polar plate 1, and es.fp2.V0 refers to the potential of the polar plate 2;
under the condition that the liquid filling ratio is 1/2, carrying out liquid level shaking height h parameterized scanning on the surface potential distribution of the component, wherein the scanning process is from the highest h at one side to-15 cm to the highest h at the other side to 15cm, and the scanning step length is 1 cm; manually controlling the color range, and drawing the surface potential distribution of the component when h is-15, h is-10, h is 10 and h is 15;
and adding a one-dimensional drawing group, drawing the process that the charge accumulation of the polar plate changes along with the change of the shaking height h of the liquid level and the potential difference between the polar plates changes along with the change of the height h of the liquid level through a parameterized scanning calculation result, and analyzing the electrical output performance of the assembly in the shaking process of the liquid level.
The second embodiment is as follows:
TENG is driven by external mechanical energy, performs reciprocating horizontal motion, rubs against a solid friction layer through periodic oscillations of the liquid metal and produces charge transfer. When the liquid metal is in contact with the PTFE surface, the liquid metal surface is positively charged and the PTFE surface is negatively charged as in part a of fig. 4. When the PTFE is driven by external vibration, the positively charged liquid metal is shaken up to be asymmetrically accumulated to one side and reach the highest point, such as parts b and c in the figure 4, a certain amount of negative charges are left on the surface of the other PTFE to form a potential difference, and the polar plates are switched on to form current. During the recovery of the liquid metal to its initial unswept state, the charge is redistributed as in fig. 4, sections d and e. When the liquid metal is shaken up in the opposite direction, the charge transfer and current generation processes are the same as the above processes as in sections f and g of fig. 4. TENG completes a complete charge generation cycle when the liquid metal returns to the initial non-shaken-up state again, as in fig. 4, parts h and a. Based on the above process, the solid-liquid dual-phase TENG converts mechanical energy into electrical energy through a friction process of solid-liquid two phases. The solid friction layer material used in the invention is Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), the liquid friction layer material component is eutectic gallium indium liquid alloy, the melting point is 15.5 ℃, and the liquid friction layer material is liquid at normal temperature. In the process of contact friction with the solid friction layer, the Ga2O3 is wrapped on the surface of the liquid gallium-indium alloy, and Ga2O3 is converted into GaOOH after treatment, so the method simulates and analyzes the contact friction process of Ga2O3-PTFE and GaOOH-PTFE.
Based on the principle, in order to highlight the friction process of solid-liquid double phases, a two-dimensional model shown in fig. 5 is established, the fluid state of liquid metal in the shaking process is simplified, only a PTFE layer is reserved on the polar plate, the whole area around the TENG is expanded, and the distribution of space potential in the friction process is researched.
In order to simplify the research, the invention only calculates the change of the polar plate potential distribution in the single liquid metal shaking process, and fig. 6 is the liquid metal shaking process under the model.
In this model, the relevant parameters are set as follows: the PTFE sheet size was 20X 30X 2cm (cross-sectional size was 30X 2 cm); the distance between the two plates is 30 cm; based on the calculation of the first principle of the friction contact process, the surface charge densities of the liquid friction layer and the solid friction layer are referenced to the charge density of the aluminum in contact with the PTFE, wherein the surface charge density of the aluminum is 10 μ C/m when the aluminum is in contact with the PTFE 2 The surface charge density of PTFE is-10 μ C/m 2 When Ga2O3 was in contact with PTFE, the surface charge density of Ga2O3 was 3.3. mu.C/m 2 The surface charge density of PTFE is-3.3 μ C/m 2 When GaOOH is in contact with the surface of PTFE, the surface charge density of GaOOH is-10 μ C/m 2 The surface charge density of PTFE is 10 μ C/m 2 。
The size of the grid unit is set to be ultra-fine in COMSOL software, the division unit is a free triangular grid, and the grid division is shown in figure 7.
The liquid filling ratio is the ratio of the volume of the liquid metal in the solid-liquid dual-phase TENG liquid cavity to the volume of the whole cavity, and the liquid filling ratio can influence the shaking state and the friction process of the liquid metal, so that the TENG potential distribution is influenced, and the electrical performance of the TENG is finally influenced. The effect of liquid filled ratio on potential distribution was analyzed assuming aluminum in contact with PTFE. When the liquid filling ratio is changed, the maximum potential difference between the two polar plates is also changed, the change rule is shown in fig. 8, and when the liquid filling ratio is 1/2, the maximum potential difference between the two polar plates is reached, so that the process of selecting 1/2 liquid filling ratio for contacting Ga2O3 with PTFE and contacting GaOOH with PTFE is simulated and calculated.
The liquid filling ratio is 1/2, one half period of the liquid level shaking is that the liquid level is shaken from the highest point of the polar plate on one side to the highest point of the polar plate on the other side, and fig. 9 and 10 show the potential distribution of the polar plates in the half period of Ga2O3-PTFE contact friction and GaOOH-PTFE contact friction respectively.
And (4) carrying out finite element analysis result post-processing based on the calculation result. Under the condition that the liquid filling ratio is 1/2, carrying out parametric scanning on the liquid level shaking height h of the surface potential distribution of the component, wherein the scanning process is from the highest h on one side to the highest h on the other side to 15cm, and the scanning step length is 1 cm. The color range was manually controlled and the surface potential distribution of the assembly was plotted for h-15, h-10, and h-15. In addition, a one-dimensional drawing group is added, and the process that the charge accumulation of the polar plate changes along with the change of the shaking height h of the liquid level and the process that the potential difference between the polar plates changes along with the change of the height h of the liquid level are drawn through the calculation result of parametric scanning, so that the electrical output performance of the component in the shaking process of the liquid level is analyzed.
In the process of shaking the liquid level once, charge accumulation is generated on the polar plate due to charge transfer, so that potential difference between the two polar plates exists. The charge accumulation is calculated by integrating the change in plate charge, and the expression Q is intop1(es.nd) × 1[ m ] is calculated in Comsol. As shown in FIG. 11, charge accumulation is generated on the polar plate in the process that the liquid level is shaken up to the highest point of the polar plate on one side, and the charge accumulation amount in the GaOOH-PTFE contact friction process is obviously larger than that in the Ga2O3-PTFE contact friction process.
The potential difference between the two plates of the TENG is generated and changed differently due to the difference of charge accumulation in the contact friction process. The potential difference between the two polar plates is the difference value of the instantaneous potentials of the two polar plates in the model, and the calculation expression in the Comsol is as follows: v ═ es.fp1.v0-es.fp 2.v0. As shown in FIG. 12, in the process that the liquid surface horizontally shakes to the highest point of one side of the polar plate, the peak potential difference of Ga2O3-PTFE is 26kV, and the peak potential difference of GaOOH-PTFE is 79 kV.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the finite element analysis method based on the friction-type self-powered wearable device, and the protection scope of the finite element analysis method based on the friction-type self-powered wearable device is not limited to the above embodiments, and all technical solutions belonging to the idea belong to the protection scope of the present invention. It should be noted that modifications and variations which do not depart from the gist of the invention will be those skilled in the art to which the invention pertains and which are intended to be within the scope of the invention.

Claims (3)

1. A finite element analysis method based on friction type self-powered wearable equipment is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1: adding a physical field based on a friction type self-powered wearable device;
step 2: establishing a two-dimensional model of friction type self-powered wearable equipment, adding materials and setting boundary conditions;
and step 3: setting grid cells based on the two-dimensional model;
the step 2 is as follows: establishing a TENG two-dimensional model of the friction type self-powered wearable equipment by adopting finite element simulation software Comsol Multiphsics, wherein only a PTFE layer is reserved on a polar plate of the model, the size of a PTFE plate is 20 multiplied by 30 multiplied by 2cm, and the size of the cross section is 30 multiplied by 2 cm; the distance between the two plates is 30 cm; based on the first property of the friction contact process, the surface charge density of the liquid friction layer and the solid friction layer is based on the charge density of the contact of aluminum and PTFE;
when aluminum is in contact with PTFE, the surface charge density of aluminum is 10 μ C/m 2 The surface charge density of PTFE is-10 μ C/m 2 ，Ga 2 O 3 In contact with PTFE, Ga 2 O 3 The surface charge density was 3.3. mu.C/m 2 The surface charge density of PTFE is-3.3 μ C/m 2 When GaOOH is in contact with the surface of PTFE, the surface charge density of GaOOH is-10 μ C/m 2 The surface charge density of PTFE is 10 μ C/m 2 ；
And 4, step 4: setting solving conditions, starting simulation calculation, and performing finite element post-processing analysis;
the step 4 specifically comprises the following steps: setting solving conditions: when the liquid filling ratio is 1/2, the potential difference between the two polar plates reaches the maximum value, and the liquid filling ratio Ga of 1/2 is selected 2 O 3 The process of contacting with PTFE and contacting with GaOOH and PTFE is simulated;
in the process of shaking the liquid level once, charge accumulation is generated on the polar plate due to charge transfer, so that potential difference between the two polar plates exists, the integral of the charge change of the polar plate is determined according to a charge accumulation method, and the integral Q of the charge change of the polar plate is represented by the following formula:
Q＝intop1(es.nD)*1[m]
nd is a parameter indicating a change in charge distribution;
the charge accumulation is generated on the polar plate in the process that the liquid level swings up to the highest point of the polar plate on one side from the horizontal state, and the charge accumulation amount is more than Ga in the contact friction process of GaOOH-PTFE 2 O 3 -PTFE contact friction process;
due to the difference of charge accumulation in the contact friction process, the potential difference between the TENG two polar plates is caused to generate and change the potential difference between different polar plates as the difference value of instantaneous potentials of the two polar plates in the model, and the potential difference V between the polar plates is represented by the following formula:
V＝es.fp1.V 0 -es.fp2.V 0
wherein, es. fp1.V 0 Refers to the potential of the polar plate 1, es.fp2.V 0 Refers to the potential of the plate 2;
under the condition that the liquid filling ratio is 1/2, carrying out liquid level shaking height h parameterized scanning on the surface potential distribution of the component, wherein the scanning process is from the highest h at one side to-15 cm to the highest h at the other side to 15cm, and the scanning step length is 1 cm; manually controlling the color range, and drawing the surface potential distribution of the component when h is-15, h is-10, h is 10 and h is 15;
and adding a one-dimensional drawing group, drawing the process that the charge accumulation of the polar plate changes along with the change of the shaking height h of the liquid level and the potential difference between the polar plates changes along with the change of the height h of the liquid level through a parameterized scanning calculation result, and analyzing the electrical output performance of the assembly in the shaking process of the liquid level.
2. A finite element analysis method based on friction type self-powered wearable device as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the step 1 specifically comprises the following steps: based on the friction type self-powered wearable device, a physical field is added, an AC/DC-electric field module and a current-static es module in COMSOL Multiphysics are selected to be added to the component, all domains of the component are set to be in charge conservation, and the initial potential value of all domains of the component is set to be 0.
3. A finite element analysis method based on friction type self-powered wearable device as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the step 3 specifically comprises the following steps: based on the established two-dimensional model of the friction type self-powered wearable device, the size of grid units is set to be ultra-fine in COMSOL software, and the grid units are divided into free triangular grids.
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