CN111753450B - Optimal design method for optical current sensor - Google Patents
Optimal design method for optical current sensor Download PDFInfo
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- CN111753450B CN111753450B CN202010566275.7A CN202010566275A CN111753450B CN 111753450 B CN111753450 B CN 111753450B CN 202010566275 A CN202010566275 A CN 202010566275A CN 111753450 B CN111753450 B CN 111753450B
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Abstract
An optimal design method of an optical current sensor establishes a theoretical model and analyzes the distribution uniformity of a magnetic field on magneto-optical glass; simulating magnetic field distribution of optical current sensors with different structures; comparing magnetic field distribution of the optical current sensor caused by length, width and radius changes of the iron core; adjusting the geometric parameters of magneto-optical glass, and observing the influence of the magnetic field distribution of the optical current sensor; adjusting the geometric parameters of the coil structure, and observing the influence of the magnetic field distribution of the optical current sensor; and selecting proper length, width and radius of the iron core, determining proper parameters by mutual influence of geometric parameters of magneto-optical glass and coil structures, and optimally designing the optical current sensor. The method of the invention designs the accuracy of the optical current sensor by comparing the magnetic field distribution of the optical current sensor, and simultaneously realizes miniaturization, and has the advantages of simplicity, accuracy and high efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention discloses an optimal design method of an optical current sensor, which is used for realizing the precision and miniaturization design of the current sensor.
Background
Currently, good operation of power systems is closely related to current sensors. In recent centuries, the traditional electromagnetic current transformer has been widely used due to the advantages of mature measurement technology, simple structure, difficult damage and the like; with the increasing size of the power grid and the continuous development of the operation mechanism, the power grid has the outstanding problems of low safety, serious electromagnetic interference, poor environmental friendliness, magnetic saturation phenomenon, measurement accuracy influence, high cost, high assembly difficulty and the like under the condition that the voltage level of the power system is continuously improved due to the specificity of the structure and the use condition. The optical current sensor has the functions of the traditional electromagnetic current sensor in theory and can overcome the defects, and also has the advantages of being passive at a high voltage side, good in insulating property, wide in dynamic range, quick in fault response and the like, so that the optical current sensor becomes the main stream of the novel transformer in high-voltage and high-current. Therefore, improving the accuracy of the optical current sensor is of great importance for safe operation of the power system.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an optimal design method of an optical current sensor, which utilizes finite element multi-physical field analysis software to simulate the influence of geometric parameters of iron core materials, magneto-optical glass and coil structures on the magnetic field distribution of the optical current sensor, carries out relevant processing on acquired relevant data, comprehensively judges and selects proper geometric parameters and improves the measurement accuracy of the optical current sensor. The method designs the accuracy of the optical current sensor by comparing the magnetic field distribution of the optical current sensor, realizes miniaturization at the same time, and has the advantages of simplicity, accuracy and high efficiency.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
an optical current sensor optimal design method comprises the following steps:
step 1: establishing a theoretical model, and analyzing the distribution uniformity of a magnetic field on magneto-optical glass;
step 2: simulating magnetic field distribution of optical current sensors with different structures;
step 3: comparing the magnetic field distribution of the optical current sensor caused by the length, width and radius changes of the iron core to obtain the influence relationship of the length, width and radius changes of the iron core on the magnetic field distribution;
step 4: adjusting the geometric parameters of the magneto-optical glass, observing the influence of the magnetic field distribution of the optical current sensor, and obtaining the influence relationship of the length and radius change of the magneto-optical glass on the magnetic field intensity;
step 5: adjusting the geometric parameters of the coil structure, observing the influence of the magnetic field distribution of the optical current sensor, and obtaining the influence relationship of the radius and the turns of the coil on the magnetic field intensity change;
step 6: and selecting proper length, width and radius of the iron core, determining proper parameters by the mutual influence of geometric parameters of the magneto-optical glass and the coil structure so as to judge the moment of maximum magnetic field intensity of the optical current sensor, recording the parameters of the iron core structure, the magneto-optical glass and the coil structure at the moment, and optimally designing the optical current sensor.
The invention relates to an optimal design method of an optical current sensor, which has the following technical effects:
1) The invention obtains the relevant parameter contrast of the optical current sensor through the finite element analysis software simulation, and improves an effective technical method for optimizing the accuracy of the optical current sensor for the power system.
2) The method is suitable for optimizing and improving the accuracy of the current sensor of the power system, and can provide safety guarantee for the safe operation of the power system.
3) The invention is different from other detection equipment in design, and has the advantage of miniaturization design of the detection equipment based on the technology of improving the magnetic field intensity.
4) The invention is based on improving the intensity of magnetic field distribution, and based on the influence of sensor iron core materials, magneto-optical glass and coil structures on the magnetic field distribution of the optical current sensor, the magnetic field intensity generated by the iron core type optical current sensor is larger, and the accuracy is higher; the smaller the length of the magneto-optical glass, the larger the number of turns of the coil and the larger the magnetic field intensity, thereby being beneficial to the miniaturization design.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a diagram of a magnetic ring type sensor model based on an iron core.
Fig. 2 is a flow chart of the present invention.
FIG. 3 (1) is a graph I of the calculation result of the magnetic field distribution of the magnetic focusing ring type optical current transformer;
fig. 3 (2) is a graph two of the magnetic field distribution calculation result of the magnetic focusing type optical current transformer.
Fig. 4 (1) is a graph of a magnetic field distribution calculation result of the iron core type optical current transformer;
fig. 4 (2) is a graph two of the magnetic field distribution calculation result of the iron core type optical current transformer.
FIG. 5 (1) is a graph showing the calculation result of the magnetic field distribution of the parameters of the iron core type sensor scheme (1);
fig. 5 (2) is a graph of the magnetic field distribution calculation result of the parameters of the iron core type sensor scheme (2);
fig. 5 (3) is a graph of the magnetic field distribution calculation result of the parameters of the iron core type sensor scheme (3);
fig. 5 (4) is a graph showing the magnetic field distribution calculation result of the parameters of the iron core type sensor scheme (4).
FIG. 6 (1) is a graph showing the calculation result of the magnetic field distribution of the magneto-optical glass by the scheme 1# parameter to the optical current sensor;
FIG. 6 (2) is a graph showing the calculation result of the magnetic field distribution of the magneto-optical glass by the scheme 2# parameter for the optical current sensor;
FIG. 6 (3) is a graph showing the calculated magnetic field distribution of the magneto-optical glass according to scheme 3# parameter;
fig. 6 (4) is a graph showing the calculation result of the magnetic field distribution of the optical current sensor according to the scheme 4# parameter of the magneto-optical glass.
FIG. 7 (1) is a graph showing the calculation result of the magnetic field distribution of the optical current sensor by the scheme I parameter of the coil structure;
FIG. 7 (2) is a graph showing the calculation result of the magnetic field distribution of the optical current sensor by the scheme II parameter of the coil structure;
FIG. 7 (3) is a graph showing the calculation result of the magnetic field distribution of the optical current sensor by the scheme III parameter of the coil structure;
fig. 7 (4) is a graph showing the calculation result of the magnetic field distribution of the optical current sensor by the scheme iv parameter of the coil structure.
Detailed Description
The optimal design method of the optical current sensor is characterized in that on the premise of meeting a certain theoretical model, simulation of magnetic field distribution of the optical current sensor with different structures, simulation of the influence of the geometric parameters of materials of each part of the iron core sensor, magneto-optical glass and coil structures on the magnetic field intensity of the optical current sensor are carried out; and selecting proper length, width and radius of the iron core, determining proper parameters by the mutual influence of the geometric parameters of the magneto-optical glass and the coil structure so as to judge the moment of maximum magnetic field intensity of the optical current sensor, and recording the parameters of the iron core structure, the geometric parameters of the magneto-optical glass and the coil structure at the moment so as to enable workers to manufacture the optical current sensor with higher accuracy.
The method comprises the following steps:
step 1: establishing a theoretical model, and analyzing the distribution uniformity of a magnetic field on magneto-optical glass;
the theoretical model is established as follows:
P 1 、P 2 the magnetic field intensity of the two points along the optical path direction is H respectively 1/l 、H 2/l The expression can be as follows:
H 1/l ＝cosθI/2πR 1
H 2/l ＝I/2πR 2 ；
R 1 、R 2 is P 1 、P 2 The distance between the two points and the current-carrying conductor, theta is P 1 Magnetic field intensity of point along optical path direction H 1/l Included angle with the light wave.
Wherein R is 1 >R 2 And cos theta<1, thus H 1/l <H 2/l I.e. the magnetic field is unevenly distributed along the optical path of the magneto-optical glass, the magnetic field integral average value H on the magneto-optical glass medium ave Can be expressed as:
H ave ＝θI/2πL
wherein L represents the length of the magneto-optical glass.
If p 1 、p 2 The current level I of the position is unchanged, p 1 And p 2 Magnetic field integral average value H on magneto-optical glass medium in two cases ave And keep the same. For the concentrated parameters, the uniform magnetic field means that the medium model is the same, and in both cases, the optical path output of the optical current transformer calculated by the theoretical model is the same. The centralized parameter is that when the size of the circuit is far smaller than the wavelength of the signal passing through the circuit (meanwhile, the frequency of the signal is lower), the circuit does not radiate electromagnetic waves outwards, the energy of the whole circuit is kept conservation, and kirchhoff law is met.
The theoretical model establishment in the step 1 has the advantages that: because the non-uniform magnetic field problem may adversely affect the current sensing, the generation of a non-uniform magnetic field may be avoided. The theoretical model aims at MOCT, the sensing glass material is a short rectangular parallelepiped, the magnetic field form generated by the phase conductor is a circle, the non-matching of the dielectric material and the magnetic field form leads to the non-uniform distribution of the magnetic field along the sensing optical path, and when the magnetic field sensor is applied to a non-uniform magnetic field environment, the magnetic field integral average value of the dielectric optical path is taken as a uniform magnetic field for analysis, so that the theoretical model can accurately analyze the distribution uniformity of the magnetic field on magneto-optical glass.
The material properties of the various parts of the core sensor are shown in table 1 below.
Table 1 table of material properties for each part of the core sensor
Step 2: simulation of magnetic field distribution of optical current sensors of different structures:
the magnetic field distribution of the magnetic-gathering ring type optical current sensor and the magnetic-core type optical current sensor with two different structures is simulated by finite element analysis software, the magnetic field intensity distribution of the magnetic-gathering ring type optical current sensor and the magnetic field intensity distribution of the magnetic-core type optical current sensor are uniform, and the magnetic field distribution intensity of the magnetic-core type optical current sensor is larger than that of the magnetic-gathering ring type optical current sensor.
Step 3: comparing the magnetic field distribution of the optical current sensor caused by the length, width and radius changes of the iron core to respectively obtain the influence relationship of the length, width and radius changes of the iron core on the magnetic field distribution:
the length of the magneto-optical glass is kept unchanged, and when the length of the iron core is increased, the magnetic field strength is almost unchanged; the length change of the iron core has little effect on the magnetic field strength. When the radius of the iron core is reduced, the magnetic field intensity is reduced; when the width of the iron core increases, the magnetic field strength becomes large; the change of the radius of the iron core has the greatest influence on the intensity of the magnetic field distribution, and the change of the length and the width has smaller influence and can be basically ignored, so that the radius of the iron core can be selected to be larger, thereby improving the magnetic field intensity of the sensor and further improving the accuracy.
Step 4: and (3) adjusting geometric parameters of the magneto-optical glass, observing the influence on the magnetic field distribution of the optical current sensor, and obtaining the influence relationship of the length and radius change of the magneto-optical glass on the magnetic field intensity:
the geometric structure of the iron core is kept unchanged, the length of the magneto-optical glass is changed, the magnetic field intensity is greatly changed, and when the length of the magneto-optical glass is reduced, the magnetic field intensity is increased; when the radius of the magneto-optical glass is changed, the magnetic field intensity is also changed, and when the radius of the magneto-optical glass is reduced, the magnetic field is increased, but the change amplitude is smaller and can be ignored.
Step 5: and (3) adjusting the geometric parameters of the coil structure, observing the influence on the magnetic field distribution of the optical current sensor, and obtaining the influence relationship of the radius and the turns of the coil on the magnetic field intensity change:
the length of the magneto-optical glass is influenced by the number of turns of the coil and the axial pitch, the more the number of turns of the coil is, the larger the magnetic field intensity is, the larger the axial pitch is, and under the condition of the same number of turns of the coil, the length of the coil is increased, and the corresponding length of the magneto-optical glass is also changed; the optimal parameter of the coil is the minimum axial pitch, which is related to the coil radius, the smaller the length of the coil can be.
Step 6: and selecting proper length, width and radius of the iron core, determining proper parameters by the mutual influence of geometric parameters of the magneto-optical glass and the coil structure so as to judge the moment of maximum magnetic field intensity of the optical current sensor, recording the parameters of the iron core structure, the magneto-optical glass and the coil structure at the moment, and optimally designing the optical current sensor. The radius of the iron core is changed, the length of the magneto-optical glass is changed, the change of the magnetic field intensity is greatly influenced, and the smaller the length of the magneto-optical glass is, the larger the magnetic field intensity is, so that the miniaturization design is facilitated; the radius of the magneto-optical glass has almost no influence on the magnetic field intensity; the magnetic field intensity of the optical current sensor can be improved by selecting a coil structure with smaller radius and fewer turns, so that the accuracy is improved.
The detection is performed according to the flow chart of fig. 2, and the magnetic field distribution diagram of the optical current sensor with two different structures is shown in fig. 3 (1), 3 (2), 4 (1) and 4 (2).
Fig. 3 (1) is a graph of a calculation result of the magnetic field distribution of the magnetic focusing ring type optical current transformer, and the magnetic field distribution of the magnetic focusing ring type optical current transformer obtained in fig. 3 (1) is uniform and spiral.
Fig. 3 (2) is a graph two of the magnetic field distribution calculation result of the magnetic focusing ring type optical current transformer, and the magnetic field distribution of the magnetic focusing ring type optical current transformer is very uniform and weaker than that of the iron core type structure, which is obtained from fig. 3 (2).
Fig. 4 (1) is a graph of a magnetic field distribution calculation result of the iron core type optical current transformer, and the magnetic field strength distribution of the iron core type structure transformer obtained in fig. 4 (1) is very uniform, and the magnetic field strength distribution size can also reach 6 times of that of the magnetic focusing ring type transformer.
Fig. 4 (2) is a graph two of the magnetic field distribution calculation result of the iron core type optical current transformer, and the magnetic field distribution intensity of the iron core type structure transformer is larger than that of the magnetic gathering ring type transformer obtained from fig. 4 (2), because the iron core is made of paramagnetic materials and has high magnetic permeability, the magnetic induction intensity in the iron core is greatly increased, and the magnetic field intensity of magneto-optical glass seeds is greatly increased.
As can be seen from fig. 3 (1), 3 (2), 4 (1) and 4 (2), the magnetic field intensity distribution of the two structures is very uniform, but the magnetic field intensity distribution of the iron core structure is obviously stronger than that of the magnetic gathering ring structure, and the magnetic field distribution of the iron core structure transformer can reach 6 times of that of the magnetic gathering ring transformer. This is because the core is a paramagnetic material, and the magnetic permeability is large, so that the magnetic induction intensity inside the core is greatly increased, and the magnetic field intensity of the magneto-optical glass seed is greatly increased.
The geometric parameters of the coil are identical to those of the magnetic collecting structure, the influence of the width, radius and length of the iron core on the magnetic field distribution is analyzed, the length of the magneto-optical glass is kept unchanged when the length of the iron core is changed, and the length of the magneto-optical glass is kept to be 15mm. The length, width and radius properties of the core sensor are shown in table 2 below.
Table 2 table of length, width and radius properties of core type sensor
Fig. 5 (1) is a graph of the magnetic field distribution calculation result of the parameters of the iron core type sensor scheme (1), and as can be seen from fig. 5 (1), the magnetic field strength of the iron core type structure transformer is uniformly distributed, the strength is also large, and the optimization is met.
Fig. 5 (2) is a graph showing the calculation result of the magnetic field distribution of the parameters of the iron core type sensor scheme (2), and it can be seen from fig. 5 (2) that when the length of the magneto-optical glass and the radius of the iron core are kept unchanged, the magnetic field strength is almost unchanged when the length of the iron core is increased, and the magnetic field strength is increased when the width of the iron core is increased.
Fig. 5 (3) is a graph showing the calculation result of the magnetic field distribution of the parameters of the iron core type sensor scheme (3), and as can be seen from fig. 5 (3), when the length of the magneto-optical glass and the radius of the iron core are kept unchanged, the width of the iron core is reduced, and the magnetic field intensity is reduced.
Fig. 5 (4) is a graph of the magnetic field distribution calculation result of the parameters of the iron core type sensor scheme (4), and as can be seen from fig. 5 (4), when the length of the magneto-optical glass and the width of the iron core are kept unchanged, the magnetic field intensity is reduced when the radius of the iron core is reduced; and the change of the radius of the iron core has the greatest effect on the intensity of the magnetic field distribution, while the change of the length and the width has smaller effect and can be basically ignored. Therefore, a larger core radius can be selected to increase the magnetic field strength of the sensor, thereby increasing accuracy.
As can be seen from fig. 5 (1) to 5 (4), if the length of the magneto-optical glass is kept unchanged, the magnetic field strength is hardly changed when the length of the core is increased. When the radius of the core becomes smaller, the magnetic field strength becomes smaller. When the width of the core increases, the magnetic field strength becomes large. It can also be seen from fig. 5 (1) to 5 (4) that changing the radius of the core has the greatest effect on the strength of the magnetic field distribution, while changing the length and width has a small effect, which is substantially negligible. Therefore, a larger core radius can be selected to increase the magnetic field strength of the sensor, thereby increasing accuracy.
When the geometry of the iron core is kept unchanged, the length and the radius of the magneto-optical glass are changed, the influence of the magnetic field intensity of the optical current sensor is as shown in fig. 6 (1) to 6 (4),
fig. 6 (1) is a graph of the magnetic field distribution calculation result of the optical current sensor by the scheme 1# parameter of the magneto-optical glass, and as can be seen from fig. 6 (1), the magnetic field strength of the iron core type structure transformer of the scheme 1# of the magneto-optical glass is uniformly distributed, and the magnetic field strength is also suitable.
Fig. 6 (2) is a graph of the calculated result of the magnetic field distribution of the optical current sensor by the scheme 2# parameter of the magneto-optical glass, and it can be seen from fig. 6 (2) that when the geometry of the iron core and the radius of the magneto-optical glass are kept unchanged, the length of the magneto-optical glass is changed, the magnetic field strength is greatly changed, and when the length is reduced, the magnetic field strength is increased.
Fig. 6 (3) is a graph of the calculated result of the scheme 3# parameter of the magneto-optical glass on the magnetic field distribution of the optical current sensor, and it can be seen from fig. 6 (3) that when the geometry of the iron core and the radius of the magneto-optical glass are kept unchanged, the length of the magneto-optical glass is changed, the magnetic field strength is greatly changed, and when the length is increased, the magnetic field strength is reduced. However, the length of the magneto-optical glass is affected by the number of turns and the axial pitch of the coil, the more the number of turns of the coil, the larger the magnetic field strength and the axial pitch, and under the condition of the same number of turns, the length of the coil is increased, and the corresponding length of the magneto-optical glass is also changed. Therefore, further analysis is required in combination with the geometric parameters of the coil.
Fig. 6 (4) is a graph of the calculated result of the magnetic field distribution of the optical current sensor by the scheme 4# parameter of the magneto-optical glass, and it can be seen from fig. 6 (4) that when the geometry of the iron core and the length of the magneto-optical glass are kept unchanged, the radius of the magneto-optical glass is changed, the magnetic field strength is also changed, and when the radius is reduced, the magnetic field is increased, but the change is smaller and can be ignored.
The geometrical parameters of the magneto-optical glass are shown in the following table 3.
Table 3 table of geometric parameters of magneto-optical glass
As is clear from fig. 6 (1) to 6 (4), the magnetic field strength varies greatly by changing the length of the magneto-optical glass, and the magnetic field strength increases as the length decreases. When the radius of the magneto-optical glass is changed, the magnetic field strength is also changed, and when the radius is smaller, the magnetic field is larger, but the change is smaller and can be ignored. The length of the magneto-optical glass is affected by the number of turns of the coil and the axial pitch, the more the number of turns of the coil is, the larger the magnetic field strength is, the larger the axial pitch is, and under the condition of the same number of turns, the length of the coil is increased, and the corresponding length of the magneto-optical glass is also changed. Therefore, further analysis is required in combination with the geometric parameters of the coil. The geometry of the coils is shown in table 4 below.
Table 4 table of geometric parameters of the coils
Fig. 7 (1) is a graph of the magnetic field distribution calculation result of the optical current sensor by the scheme i parameter of the coil structure, and it can be obtained from fig. 7 (1) that the magnetic field intensity distribution of the iron core type structure transformer by the scheme i parameter of the coil structure is uniform and the magnetic field intensity is better.
Fig. 7 (2) is a graph of the calculation result of the magnetic field distribution of the optical current sensor by the scheme ii parameter of the coil structure, and as can be seen from fig. 7 (2), the number of turns of the coil is reduced by 1/2, and the magnetic field strength is 1/2 of the original value, but the length of the coil is reduced by half, and if the length of the magneto-optical glass is also reduced, the magnetic field strength is not reduced by 1/2, which makes it possible to miniaturize the iron core type optical current sensor.
Fig. 7 (3) is a graph of the calculation result of the magnetic field distribution of the optical current sensor by the scheme iii parameter of the coil structure, and it can be derived from fig. 7 (3) that when the axial pitch and the number of turns of the coil are both changed, changing the axial pitch does not change the magnitude of the magnetic field intensity, but changes the length of the coil, so that the length of the core needs to be changed appropriately, and if the axial pitch is changed to 3mm, the lengths of those coils will be larger than the length of the core, so that the length of the core must be increased, but this does not necessarily affect the length of the magneto-optical glass. The optimal parameter of the coil should be the minimum axial pitch, which is related to the small radius of the coil, the smaller the radius the smaller the length of the coil, but the larger the losses.
Fig. 7 (4) is a graph of the calculation result of the magnetic field distribution of the optical current sensor by the scheme iv parameter of the coil structure, and as can be seen from fig. 7 (4), the number of turns of the coil is less than 1/2, and the magnetic field strength is 1/2 of the original value. It can thus be seen that the magnetic field distribution of the core-type optical current transformer is affected by a number of factors, the main factors of which are the length of the magneto-optical glass, and the number of turns and radius of the coil. The coil structure with longer magneto-optical glass length, smaller radius and fewer turns is selected, so that the magnetic field intensity of the optical current sensor can be fully improved, and the accuracy is further improved.
As can be seen from fig. 7 (1) to 7 (4), since the number of turns is less than 1/2, the scheme ii is 1/2 of the scheme i, but the coil length is also less than half, and if the length of the magneto-optical glass is also reduced, the magnetic field strength is not reduced to 1/2, which makes it possible to miniaturize the core-type optical current sensor. Changing the axial pitch does not change the magnitude of the magnetic field strength but the length of the coils, so that the length of the core needs to be changed appropriately, and if the axial pitch becomes 3mm, the length of those coils will be larger than the length of the core, so that the core length must be increased, but this does not necessarily affect the length of the magneto-optical glass. The optimal parameter of the coil should be the minimum axial pitch, which is related to the small radius of the coil, the smaller the radius the smaller the length of the coil, but the larger the losses.
It can thus be seen that the magnetic field distribution of the core-type optical current transformer is affected by a number of factors, the main factors of which are the length of the magneto-optical glass, and the number of turns and radius of the coil. The coil structure with longer magneto-optical glass length, smaller radius and fewer turns is selected, so that the magnetic field intensity of the optical current sensor can be fully improved, and the accuracy is further improved.
The method is used for carrying out the magnetic field intensity distribution of the optical current sensor practically, and attention should be paid to the mutual influence of various factors on the magnetic field intensity of the optical current sensor. The optimization method of the invention is based on the magnetic field intensity distribution rule, and the influence of different geometric parameters on the magnetic field intensity of the sensor is utilized to judge the accuracy of the proper parameter optimization optical current sensor, so that the power system can be operated safely and well.
Claims (6)
1. The optimal design method of the optical current sensor is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1: establishing a theoretical model, and analyzing the distribution uniformity of a magnetic field on magneto-optical glass;
step 2: simulating magnetic field distribution of optical current sensors with different structures;
step 3: comparing the magnetic field distribution of the optical current sensor caused by the length, width and radius changes of the iron core to obtain the influence relationship of the length, width and radius changes of the iron core on the magnetic field distribution;
step 4: adjusting the geometric parameters of the magneto-optical glass, observing the influence of the magnetic field distribution of the optical current sensor, and obtaining the influence relationship of the length and radius change of the magneto-optical glass on the magnetic field intensity;
step 5: adjusting the geometric parameters of the coil structure, observing the influence of the magnetic field distribution of the optical current sensor, and obtaining the influence relationship of the radius and the turns of the coil on the magnetic field intensity change;
step 6: selecting proper length, width and radius of an iron core, determining proper parameters through the mutual influence of geometric parameters of magneto-optical glass and a coil structure so as to judge the moment of maximum magnetic field intensity of the optical current sensor, recording the parameters of the iron core structure, the magneto-optical glass and the coil structure at the moment, and optimally designing the optical current sensor;
in the step 1, the theoretical model is established as follows:
P 1 、P 2 the magnetic field intensity of the two points along the optical path direction is H respectively 1/l 、H 2/l The expression can be as follows:
H 1/l ＝cosθI/2πR 1
H 2/l ＝I/2πR 2 ；
wherein: r is R 1 、R 2 Respectively represent P 1 、P 2 The distance between the two points and the current carrying conductor; θ is P 1 Magnetic field intensity of point along optical path direction H 1/l An included angle with the light wave;
wherein R is 1 >R 2 And cos theta<1, thus H 1/l <H 2/l I.e. the magnetic field is unevenly distributed along the optical path of the magneto-optical glass, the magnetic field integral average value H on the magneto-optical glass medium ave Can be expressed as:
H ave ＝θI/2πL；
wherein L represents the length of the magneto-optical glass;
if p 1 、p 2 The current level I of the position is unchanged, p 1 And p 2 Magnetic field integral average value H on magneto-optical glass medium in two cases ave Keeping consistency; for the concentrated parameters, the uniform magnetic field means that the medium models are the same, and under the two conditions, the optical path output of the optical current transformer obtained by calculation through the theoretical model is the same; the concentrated parameter is that when the size of the circuit is far smaller than the wavelength of a signal passing through the circuit and the frequency of the signal is lower, the circuit does not radiate electromagnetic waves outwards at the moment, the energy of the whole circuit is kept conservation, and the kirchhoff law is met.
2. The optimal design method for the optical current sensor according to claim 1, wherein: in the step 2, the magnetic field distribution of the magnetic-gathering ring type optical current sensor and the magnetic-core type optical current sensor with two different structures is simulated by finite element analysis software, the magnetic field intensity distribution of the magnetic-gathering ring type optical current sensor and the magnetic field intensity distribution of the magnetic-core type optical current sensor are uniform, and the magnetic field distribution intensity of the magnetic-core type optical current sensor is larger than that of the magnetic-gathering ring type optical current sensor.
3. The optimal design method for the optical current sensor according to claim 1, wherein: in the step 3, the length of the magneto-optical glass is kept unchanged, and when the length of the iron core is increased, the magnetic field strength is almost unchanged; when the radius of the iron core is reduced, the magnetic field intensity is reduced; when the width of the iron core increases, the magnetic field strength becomes large; the change of the radius of the iron core has the greatest influence on the intensity of the magnetic field distribution, and the change of the length and the width has smaller influence and can be basically ignored, so that the radius of the iron core can be selected to be larger, thereby improving the magnetic field intensity of the sensor and further improving the accuracy.
4. The optimal design method for the optical current sensor according to claim 1, wherein: in the step 4, the geometric structure of the iron core is kept unchanged, the length of the magneto-optical glass is changed, and the magnetic field strength is greatly changed; when the length of the magneto-optical glass is reduced, the magnetic field intensity is increased; when the radius of the magneto-optical glass is changed, the magnetic field intensity is also changed, and when the radius of the magneto-optical glass is reduced, the magnetic field is increased, but the change amplitude is smaller and can be ignored.
5. The optimal design method for the optical current sensor according to claim 1, wherein: in the step 5, the length of the magneto-optical glass is affected by the number of turns and the axial pitch of the coil, the more the number of turns of the coil is, the larger the magnetic field strength is, the larger the axial pitch is, and under the condition of the same number of turns of the coil, the length of the coil is increased, and the corresponding length of the magneto-optical glass is also changed; the optimal parameter of the coil is the minimum axial pitch, which is related to the coil radius, the smaller the length of the coil.
6. The optimal design method for the optical current sensor according to claim 1, wherein: in the step 6, the radius of the iron core is changed, the length of the magneto-optical glass is changed, the change of the magnetic field intensity is greatly influenced, and the smaller the length of the magneto-optical glass is, the larger the magnetic field intensity is, so that the miniaturization design is facilitated; the radius of the magneto-optical glass has almost no influence on the magnetic field intensity; the magnetic field intensity of the optical current sensor can be improved by selecting a coil structure with smaller radius and fewer turns, so that the accuracy is improved.
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