CN111753419A - Method for detecting rough surface scattering sound pressure based on wavelet matrix method - Google Patents

Method for detecting rough surface scattering sound pressure based on wavelet matrix method Download PDF

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CN111753419A
CN111753419A CN202010579344.8A CN202010579344A CN111753419A CN 111753419 A CN111753419 A CN 111753419A CN 202010579344 A CN202010579344 A CN 202010579344A CN 111753419 A CN111753419 A CN 111753419A
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韩庆邦
褚静
尹琳丽
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Changzhou Campus of Hohai University
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Abstract

The invention discloses a method for detecting rough surface scattering sound pressure based on a wavelet matrix method, which comprises the following steps: acquiring the statistical characteristics of the roughness of the rough surface, establishing a rough surface model, and discretizing the rough surface model to obtain a function of the plane height along with the change of a coordinate system; then, establishing an incident wave function, and discretizing the incident wave function to obtain discrete data of incident waves changing along with coordinates; obtaining a matrix describing scattering characteristics according to an integral equation and boundary conditions; finally, simplifying the matrix by utilizing the orthogonality of wavelet transformation; and the simplified matrix is used for obtaining the scattering sound pressure of the rough surface. The method combines the advantages of a matrix method and wavelet transformation, greatly reduces the scale of the matrix by utilizing the wavelet transformation on the basis of the original matrix method, overcomes the solving error brought by the original sparse matrix, and has the advantages of simple operation and calculation time saving.

Description

Method for detecting rough surface scattering sound pressure based on wavelet matrix method
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for detecting rough surface scattering sound pressure based on a wavelet matrix method, and belongs to the technical field of ultrasonic detection.
Background
The practical application of acoustic scattering is very wide, such as nondestructive testing, medical diagnosis, underwater sound exploration and the like. The sound waves often encounter the ground, sea surface, material surface, etc. in nature during scattering. Both of the above surfaces can be considered as rough surfaces. Therefore, it is very important to study the sound scattering of the rough surface.
The sound scattering research on rough surfaces can be divided into three methods, namely an analytic method, an approximation method and a numerical method. The analytic method is to combine the Helmholtz equation and the boundary condition to directly solve the specific situation, the result is accurate, but the analytic method is only suitable for the sound scattering situation of the boundary condition rule. When the analytic solution does not exist or is very difficult to solve, under certain initial conditions and boundary conditions, an approximate solution or an asymptotic solution of the scattering sound field can be calculated. The common methods comprise a geometric diffraction theory, kirchhoff approximation, Born approximation, perturbation and the like, and can solve the problem that a precise solution cannot be obtained. However, each of these methods has limitations. The numerical method for calculating the sound wave scattering mainly comprises a finite element method, a boundary element method, a time domain finite difference method, a matrix method and the like, and the numerical calculation can provide an approximate solution of the actual problem. The matrix method utilizes an integral equation and a boundary condition to disperse the acoustic scattering problem into a matrix equation for solving, and when the sampling point is large enough, the solved solution can well approach the real solution, but the solution complexity is followed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of overcoming the defects of the prior art and provides a method for detecting the scattering sound pressure of a rough surface based on a wavelet matrix method, which is simple to operate and saves time.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a method for detecting rough surface scattered sound pressure based on a wavelet matrix method comprises the following steps:
establishing a rough surface model based on the statistical characteristics of the roughness of the rough surface;
obtaining a rough surface height calculation model based on the rough surface model;
establishing a matrix equation related to rough surface and scattering sound pressure based on a calculation model of the height of the rough surface;
simplifying the matrix equation based on Harr wavelet transformation to obtain a simplified equation;
and calculating the scattering sound pressure of the rough surface based on the simplified equation.
Further, the rough surface model is established based on the statistical characteristics of the roughness of the rough surface, and the method comprises the following steps:
the statistical characterization of the roughness of the rough surface is carried out using a power spectral density of the gaussian distribution:
Figure BDA0002552594330000011
wherein W(s) is power spectral density, s is dependent variable, hrmsIs the mean square error of the undulation height of the rough surface, and l is the correlation length of the rough surface.
Further, the obtaining of the calculation model of the rough surface height based on the rough surface model includes:
randomly generating an independent Gauss random number vector α with a mean of 0 and a variance of 1nAnd βn,n=0,1,2,…,2N;
Generating random complex numbers gamma based on random number vectorsn
Figure BDA0002552594330000021
Calculating an expansion coefficient based on the rough surface model:
Figure BDA0002552594330000022
calculating the asperity height using discrete fourier transform:
Figure BDA0002552594330000023
wherein z ispThe height of the rough surface at the sampling point p is shown, 2N +1 is the number of sampling points on the truncation length of the rough surface, and L is the truncation length of the rough surface.
Further, the rough surface and scattering sound pressure related matrix equation is established based on the rough surface height calculation model, and the rough surface and scattering sound pressure related matrix equation comprises:
the integral equation of the one-dimensional rough surface is expressed as:
Figure BDA0002552594330000024
wherein p isinc(x ', z') is an incident wave, (x, z), (x ', z') respectively represents coordinates of a scattering point and an incident point, z (x) represents the height of the rough surface corresponding to the abscissa x of the scattering point, g (x, z; x ', z') is a green function corresponding to (x, z), (x ', z'), ▽ p (x, z) represents scattering sound pressure;
discretizing the integral equation by combining the first type of boundary conditions to obtain a matrix equation:
Am×nQn=bm
wherein:
Figure BDA0002552594330000025
Figure BDA0002552594330000026
bm=pinc(xm,zm);
wherein x ism,xnAbscissa of incidence point and scattering point, respectively, and Δ x is sampling interval, g (x)m,xn) Is xm,xnCorresponding Green function, k is the wave number of incident sound wave, i is the imaginary unit, z' (x)m) Representing the point of incidence xmAt the height of the rough surface, z' (x)n) Represents the scattering point xnThe height of the rough surface is higher than that of the rough surface,
Figure BDA0002552594330000031
as normal derivative symbols, ▽ p (x)n,zn) Derivative of sound pressure as scattering point, pinc(xm,zm) Representing the incident wave.
Further, the incident wave is a cone wave, and is represented as:
pinc(xp,zp)=exp[ik(xpcosθi+zpsinθi)-(xp-zpcotθi)2/g2];
wherein p isinc(xp,zp) Is (x)p,zp) Incident wave of (x)pIs the abscissa, z, of the rough surface sampling point ppP surface height of rough surface sampling point, g is cone wave control parameter, thetaiIs the average angle of incidence of the incident sound field.
Further, the simplifying the matrix equation based on Harr wavelet transform to obtain a simplified equation, including:
constructing a 0-scale space scale function and a 1-scale space scale function:
Figure BDA0002552594330000032
Figure BDA0002552594330000033
Figure BDA0002552594330000034
expanding unknown vector Q by using 0-scale space scale function and 1-scale space scale function respectivelyn
Figure BDA0002552594330000035
Wherein,
Figure BDA0002552594330000036
respectively representing unknown expansion coefficients corresponding to 0 and 1 scale functions, r' is an incident field vector point,
Figure BDA0002552594330000037
when the index number is discrete n, the 0,1 scale function corresponding to the incident pointNumber, N ═ 1,2, …, N;
and (3) substituting an integral equation of the one-dimensional rough surface to obtain:
Figure BDA0002552594330000038
Figure BDA0002552594330000039
wherein r ' and r are vector points of the incident field and the scattered field respectively, g (r, r ') is a green function, and x ' is an abscissa corresponding to the vector points of the incident field;
constructing a weight function:
Figure BDA00025525943300000310
Figure BDA0002552594330000041
wherein () is a function, rm,-Δ=rm-Δx/2,rm,+Δ=rm+Δx/2,rmIs represented by the formulamCorresponding discrete points; inner products are respectively made by using weight functions:
Figure BDA0002552594330000042
Figure BDA0002552594330000043
obtaining:
Figure BDA0002552594330000044
Figure BDA0002552594330000045
further, the calculating of the scattering sound pressure of the rough surface based on the simplified equation includes:
constructing a fine solution:
Figure BDA0002552594330000046
Figure BDA0002552594330000047
based on simplified equations
Figure BDA0002552594330000048
Brought into a fine solution to obtain
Figure BDA0002552594330000049
And
Figure BDA00025525943300000410
by bringing into the formula to obtain Qn
Figure BDA00025525943300000411
The scattering sound pressure p (x) of the rough surface was calculated according to the following formulan,zn):
Figure BDA00025525943300000412
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides a method for detecting rough surface scattering sound pressure by utilizing wavelet transformation and a matrix method. The method combines the advantages of a matrix method and wavelet transformation, greatly reduces the scale of the matrix by utilizing the wavelet transformation on the basis of the original matrix method, overcomes the solving error brought by the original sparse matrix, and has the advantages of simple operation and calculation time saving.
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FIG. 1 is a schematic view of rough surface scattering.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described with reference to the accompanying drawings, and the following examples are only for clearly illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention, and should not be taken as limiting the scope of the present invention.
The invention discloses a method for detecting rough surface scattered sound pressure based on a wavelet matrix method, which combines the matrix method with a Harr wavelet transform method, and is characterized in that a rough plane is expanded along an x-axis direction, z ═ f (x) represents the surface height of the rough surface corresponding to an x point, and a wave beam p is formed by combining a matrix method and a Harr wavelet transform method, as shown in figure 1incEdge of
Figure BDA0002552594330000051
Direction of incidence, generation
Figure BDA0002552594330000052
Directionally scattered sound pressure ps. The algorithm specifically comprises the following steps:
1) and acquiring the statistical characteristics of the roughness of the rough surface, establishing a rough surface model, and discretizing the rough surface model to obtain a formula of the surface height changing along with a coordinate system.
Further, the rough surface model is represented by the roughness, which is represented by the statistical characteristics, and the power spectral density of the gaussian distribution is adopted, and the expression is as follows:
Figure BDA0002552594330000053
wherein W(s) is power spectral density, s is dependent variable, and hrmsIs the mean square error of the relief height of the asperity, and l is the surface correlation length, these two variables affecting the degree of roughness exhibited by the asperity.
After the power spectral density is obtained, a rough surface conforming to the roughness can be randomly generated. The method comprises the following specific steps:
randomly generating an independent Gauss random number vector α with a mean of 0 and a variance of 1nAnd βn(N is 0,1,2, …,2N), 2N +1 is the number of sampling points on the truncation length, and L is the truncation length of the rough surface, then the sampling interval:
Figure BDA0002552594330000054
and thereby generate a random complex number:
Figure BDA0002552594330000055
calculating an expansion coefficient:
Figure BDA0002552594330000061
calculating the rough surface height z using discrete Fourier transformp
Figure BDA0002552594330000062
2) And establishing an incident wave function, and discretizing the incident wave function to obtain discrete data of incident waves changing along with coordinates.
The incident wave can be conical wave, the conical wave control parameter g is L/4, and the average incident angle theta of the incident sound field is determined according to the average incident angle thetaiThe wave number k of the incident sound wave is the sampling point (x) of the rough surfacep,zp) The incident cone wave at (a) can be described as:
pinc(xp,zp)=exp[ik(xpcosθi+zpsinθi)-(xp-zpcotθi)2/g2](6)
xpas coordinates of the rough surface sampling point p, zpThe asperity is sampled at the p surface height.
3) And obtaining a matrix describing scattering characteristics according to an integral equation and boundary conditions.
Using the Green formula, the general form of the helmholtz integral equation can be derived:
Figure BDA0002552594330000063
wherein,
Figure BDA0002552594330000064
wherein p (r) is the total sound pressure field, pinc(r') is the incident sound pressure,
Figure BDA0002552594330000065
for normal derivation notation, ▽ p (r), ▽ g (r, r ') denotes derivation of p (r), green's function g (r, r '), r' and r are vector points of the incident and scattered fields, respectively, D is a scatterer, and s is a rough surface.
The integral equation for a one-dimensional matte can be described as:
Figure BDA0002552594330000066
wherein, (x, z), (x ', z') respectively represent the coordinates of the scattering point and the incidence point, and z (x) represents the height of the rough surface corresponding to the coordinate x.
Discretizing the integral equation by combining the first type of boundary conditions to obtain a matrix equation:
Am×nQn=bm
in the formula:
matrix:
Figure BDA0002552594330000067
unknown variables:
Figure BDA0002552594330000071
the known incident wave variation: bm=pinc(xm,zm);
Wherein x ism,xnRespectively represent the abscissa of the incident point, the abscissa of the scattering point, g (x)m,xn) Is xm,xnCorresponding Green's function, i in imaginary units, ▽ p (x)n,zn) The sound pressure derivative of the scattering point.
4) And simplifying the matrix by utilizing the orthogonality of the Harr wavelet transform to obtain a fine solution.
Firstly, a 0-scale space scale function and a 1-scale space scale function are constructed:
Figure BDA0002552594330000072
Figure BDA0002552594330000073
Figure BDA0002552594330000074
expanding the unknown vector Q by using 0,1 scale function respectivelyn
Figure BDA0002552594330000075
Wherein,
Figure BDA0002552594330000076
respectively represent the unknown expansion coefficients corresponding to the 0,1 scale functions,
Figure BDA0002552594330000077
for a discrete index N, the incident point r' corresponds to a 0,1 scale function, where N is 1,2, …, N.
And substituting into integral equation (8):
Figure BDA0002552594330000078
Figure BDA0002552594330000079
wherein x' represents the incident point coordinates.
Constructing a weight function:
Figure BDA00025525943300000710
Figure BDA00025525943300000711
wherein () is a function, rm,-Δ=rm-Δx/2,rm,+Δ=rm+Δx/2,rmIs represented by the formulamCorresponding discrete points.
Inner products are made for equation (14) using weight functions (15) and (16), respectively:
Figure BDA0002552594330000081
Figure BDA0002552594330000082
from the above system of equations, it can be derived:
Figure BDA0002552594330000083
Figure BDA0002552594330000084
constructing a fine solution:
Figure BDA0002552594330000085
substituting the 0-scale expansion coefficient obtained from equation (21) into the following equation:
Figure BDA0002552594330000086
can obtain an unknown vector Qn
That is, in the actual calculation process, it is only necessary to obtain the values from the equation sets (19) and (20)
Figure BDA0002552594330000087
A finer solution is obtained from a coarser approximation solution, the size of the matrix equation being reduced from N x N to two N/2 x N/2.
5) And calculating the scattering sound pressure of the rough surface.
From the new matrix Q obtained in step 4)nSubstituting the following formula:
Figure BDA0002552594330000088
then p (x) can be obtainedn,zn) I.e. the scattering sound pressure of the rough surface.
Based on the shape inflexibility of a matrix method and the advantages of decomposition and reconstruction of a wavelet transform method, the invention greatly reduces the scale of the matrix, overcomes the solving error brought by the original sparse matrix, and has the advantages of simple operation and calculation time saving.
The foregoing illustrates and describes the principles, general features, and advantages of the present invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.

Claims (7)

1. A method for detecting rough surface scattering sound pressure based on a wavelet matrix method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
establishing a rough surface model based on the statistical characteristics of the roughness of the rough surface;
obtaining a rough surface height calculation model based on the rough surface model;
establishing a matrix equation related to rough surface and scattering sound pressure based on a calculation model of the height of the rough surface;
simplifying the matrix equation based on Harr wavelet transformation to obtain a simplified equation;
and calculating the scattering sound pressure of the rough surface based on the simplified equation.
2. The method for detecting the scattered sound pressure of the rough surface based on the wavelet matrix method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the rough surface model is established based on the statistical characteristics of the roughness of the rough surface, and the method comprises the following steps:
the statistical characterization of the roughness of the rough surface is carried out using a power spectral density of the gaussian distribution:
Figure FDA0002552594320000011
wherein W(s) is power spectral density, s is dependent variable, hrmsIs the mean square error of the undulation height of the rough surface, and l is the correlation length of the rough surface.
3. The method for detecting the scattered sound pressure of the rough surface based on the wavelet matrix method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the obtaining of the calculation model of the height of the rough surface based on the rough surface model comprises:
randomly generating an independent Gauss random number vector α with a mean of 0 and a variance of 1nAnd βn,n=0,1,2,…,2N;
Generating random complex numbers gamma based on random number vectorsn
Figure FDA0002552594320000012
Calculating an expansion coefficient based on the rough surface model:
Figure FDA0002552594320000013
calculating the asperity height using discrete fourier transform:
Figure FDA0002552594320000014
wherein z ispThe height of the rough surface at the sampling point p is shown, 2N +1 is the number of sampling points on the truncation length of the rough surface, and L is the truncation length of the rough surface.
4. The method for detecting scattered sound pressure of a rough surface based on the wavelet matrix method as claimed in claim 3, wherein the rough surface and scattered sound pressure related matrix equation is established based on the calculation model of the height of the rough surface, and comprises:
the integral equation of the one-dimensional rough surface is expressed as:
Figure FDA0002552594320000015
wherein p isinc(x ', z') is an incident wave, (x, z), (x ', z') respectively represents coordinates of the scattering point and the incident point, z (x) represents the height of the rough surface corresponding to the abscissa x of the scattering point, g (x, z; x ', z') is a Green function corresponding to (x, z), (x ', z'),
Figure FDA0002552594320000021
represents a scattered sound pressure;
discretizing the integral equation by combining the first type of boundary conditions to obtain a matrix equation:
Am×nQn=bm
wherein:
Figure FDA0002552594320000022
Figure FDA0002552594320000023
bm=pinc(xm,zm);
wherein x ism,xnAbscissa of incidence point and scattering point, respectively, and Δ x is sampling interval, g (x)m,xn) Is xm,xnCorresponding Green function, k is the wave number of incident sound wave, i is the imaginary unit, z' (x)m) Representing the point of incidence xmAt the height of the rough surface, z' (x)n) Represents the scattering point xnThe height of the rough surface is higher than that of the rough surface,
Figure FDA0002552594320000024
in order to derive the sign in the normal direction,
Figure FDA0002552594320000025
derivative of sound pressure as scattering point, pinc(xm,zm) Representing the incident wave.
5. The method for detecting rough surface scattered sound pressure based on the wavelet matrix method as claimed in claim 4, wherein the incident wave is a cone wave represented by:
pinc(xp,zp)=exp[ik(xpcosθi+zpsinθi)-(xp-zpcotθi)2/g2];
wherein p isinc(xp,zp) Is (x)p,zp) Incident wave of (x)pIs the abscissa, z, of the rough surface sampling point ppP surface height of rough surface sampling point, g is cone wave control parameter, thetaiIs the average angle of incidence of the incident sound field.
6. The method for detecting rough surface scattered sound pressure based on the wavelet matrix method as claimed in claim 4, wherein the simplifying the matrix equation based on Harr wavelet transform to obtain a simplified equation comprises:
constructing a 0-scale space scale function and a 1-scale space scale function:
Figure FDA0002552594320000026
Figure FDA0002552594320000027
Figure FDA0002552594320000028
expanding unknown vector Q by using 0-scale space scale function and 1-scale space scale function respectivelyn
Figure FDA0002552594320000031
Wherein,
Figure FDA0002552594320000032
respectively representing unknown expansion coefficients corresponding to 0 and 1 scale functions, r' is an incident field vector point,
Figure FDA0002552594320000033
ψ1,n(r') is a discrete index N, the incident point corresponds to a 0,1 scale function, and N is 1,2, …, N;
and (3) substituting an integral equation of the one-dimensional rough surface to obtain:
Figure FDA0002552594320000034
Figure FDA0002552594320000035
wherein r ' and r are vector points of the incident field and the scattered field respectively, g (r, r ') is a green function, and x ' is an abscissa corresponding to the vector points of the incident field;
constructing a weight function:
Figure FDA0002552594320000036
Figure FDA0002552594320000037
wherein () is a function, rm,-Δ=rm-Δx/2,rm,+Δ=rm+Δx/2,rmIs represented by the formulamCorresponding discrete points;
inner products are respectively made by using weight functions:
Figure FDA0002552594320000038
Figure FDA0002552594320000039
obtaining:
Figure FDA00025525943200000310
Figure FDA0002552594320000041
7. the method for detecting the scattered sound pressure of the rough surface based on the wavelet matrix method as claimed in claim 6, wherein the calculating the scattered sound pressure of the rough surface based on the simplified equation comprises:
constructing a fine solution:
Figure FDA0002552594320000042
based on simplified equations
Figure FDA0002552594320000043
Brought into a fine solution to obtain
Figure FDA0002552594320000044
And
Figure FDA0002552594320000045
by bringing into the formula to obtain Qn
Figure FDA0002552594320000046
The scattering sound pressure p (x) of the rough surface was calculated according to the following formulan,zn):
Figure FDA0002552594320000047
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