CN111753419A - Method for detecting rough surface scattering sound pressure based on wavelet matrix method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for detecting rough surface scattering sound pressure based on a wavelet matrix method, which comprises the following steps: acquiring the statistical characteristics of the roughness of the rough surface, establishing a rough surface model, and discretizing the rough surface model to obtain a function of the plane height along with the change of a coordinate system; then, establishing an incident wave function, and discretizing the incident wave function to obtain discrete data of incident waves changing along with coordinates; obtaining a matrix describing scattering characteristics according to an integral equation and boundary conditions; finally, simplifying the matrix by utilizing the orthogonality of wavelet transformation; and the simplified matrix is used for obtaining the scattering sound pressure of the rough surface. The method combines the advantages of a matrix method and wavelet transformation, greatly reduces the scale of the matrix by utilizing the wavelet transformation on the basis of the original matrix method, overcomes the solving error brought by the original sparse matrix, and has the advantages of simple operation and calculation time saving.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for detecting rough surface scattering sound pressure based on a wavelet matrix method, and belongs to the technical field of ultrasonic detection.
Background
The practical application of acoustic scattering is very wide, such as nondestructive testing, medical diagnosis, underwater sound exploration and the like. The sound waves often encounter the ground, sea surface, material surface, etc. in nature during scattering. Both of the above surfaces can be considered as rough surfaces. Therefore, it is very important to study the sound scattering of the rough surface.
The sound scattering research on rough surfaces can be divided into three methods, namely an analytic method, an approximation method and a numerical method. The analytic method is to combine the Helmholtz equation and the boundary condition to directly solve the specific situation, the result is accurate, but the analytic method is only suitable for the sound scattering situation of the boundary condition rule. When the analytic solution does not exist or is very difficult to solve, under certain initial conditions and boundary conditions, an approximate solution or an asymptotic solution of the scattering sound field can be calculated. The common methods comprise a geometric diffraction theory, kirchhoff approximation, Born approximation, perturbation and the like, and can solve the problem that a precise solution cannot be obtained. However, each of these methods has limitations. The numerical method for calculating the sound wave scattering mainly comprises a finite element method, a boundary element method, a time domain finite difference method, a matrix method and the like, and the numerical calculation can provide an approximate solution of the actual problem. The matrix method utilizes an integral equation and a boundary condition to disperse the acoustic scattering problem into a matrix equation for solving, and when the sampling point is large enough, the solved solution can well approach the real solution, but the solution complexity is followed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of overcoming the defects of the prior art and provides a method for detecting the scattering sound pressure of a rough surface based on a wavelet matrix method, which is simple to operate and saves time.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a method for detecting rough surface scattered sound pressure based on a wavelet matrix method comprises the following steps:
establishing a rough surface model based on the statistical characteristics of the roughness of the rough surface;
obtaining a rough surface height calculation model based on the rough surface model;
establishing a matrix equation related to rough surface and scattering sound pressure based on a calculation model of the height of the rough surface;
simplifying the matrix equation based on Harr wavelet transformation to obtain a simplified equation;
and calculating the scattering sound pressure of the rough surface based on the simplified equation.
Further, the rough surface model is established based on the statistical characteristics of the roughness of the rough surface, and the method comprises the following steps:
the statistical characterization of the roughness of the rough surface is carried out using a power spectral density of the gaussian distribution:
wherein W(s) is power spectral density, s is dependent variable, hrmsIs the mean square error of the undulation height of the rough surface, and l is the correlation length of the rough surface.
Further, the obtaining of the calculation model of the rough surface height based on the rough surface model includes:
randomly generating an independent Gauss random number vector α with a mean of 0 and a variance of 1nAnd βn,n=0,1,2,…,2N;
Generating random complex numbers gamma based on random number vectorsn:
Calculating an expansion coefficient based on the rough surface model:
calculating the asperity height using discrete fourier transform:
wherein z ispThe height of the rough surface at the sampling point p is shown, 2N +1 is the number of sampling points on the truncation length of the rough surface, and L is the truncation length of the rough surface.
Further, the rough surface and scattering sound pressure related matrix equation is established based on the rough surface height calculation model, and the rough surface and scattering sound pressure related matrix equation comprises:
the integral equation of the one-dimensional rough surface is expressed as:
wherein p isinc(x ', z') is an incident wave, (x, z), (x ', z') respectively represents coordinates of a scattering point and an incident point, z (x) represents the height of the rough surface corresponding to the abscissa x of the scattering point, g (x, z; x ', z') is a green function corresponding to (x, z), (x ', z'), ▽ p (x, z) represents scattering sound pressure;
discretizing the integral equation by combining the first type of boundary conditions to obtain a matrix equation:
Am×nQn=bm,
wherein:
bm=pinc(xm,zm);
wherein x ism,xnAbscissa of incidence point and scattering point, respectively, and Δ x is sampling interval, g (x)m,xn) Is xm,xnCorresponding Green function, k is the wave number of incident sound wave, i is the imaginary unit, z' (x)m) Representing the point of incidence xmAt the height of the rough surface, z' (x)n) Represents the scattering point xnThe height of the rough surface is higher than that of the rough surface,as normal derivative symbols, ▽ p (x)n,zn) Derivative of sound pressure as scattering point, pinc(xm,zm) Representing the incident wave.
Further, the incident wave is a cone wave, and is represented as:
pinc(xp,zp)=exp[ik(xpcosθi+zpsinθi)-(xp-zpcotθi)2/g2];
wherein p isinc(xp,zp) Is (x)p,zp) Incident wave of (x)pIs the abscissa, z, of the rough surface sampling point ppP surface height of rough surface sampling point, g is cone wave control parameter, thetaiIs the average angle of incidence of the incident sound field.
Further, the simplifying the matrix equation based on Harr wavelet transform to obtain a simplified equation, including:
constructing a 0-scale space scale function and a 1-scale space scale function:
expanding unknown vector Q by using 0-scale space scale function and 1-scale space scale function respectivelyn:
Wherein,respectively representing unknown expansion coefficients corresponding to 0 and 1 scale functions, r' is an incident field vector point,when the index number is discrete n, the 0,1 scale function corresponding to the incident pointNumber, N ═ 1,2, …, N;
and (3) substituting an integral equation of the one-dimensional rough surface to obtain:
wherein r ' and r are vector points of the incident field and the scattered field respectively, g (r, r ') is a green function, and x ' is an abscissa corresponding to the vector points of the incident field;
constructing a weight function:
wherein () is a function, rm,-Δ=rm-Δx/2,rm,+Δ=rm+Δx/2,rmIs represented by the formulamCorresponding discrete points; inner products are respectively made by using weight functions:
obtaining:
further, the calculating of the scattering sound pressure of the rough surface based on the simplified equation includes:
constructing a fine solution:
by bringing into the formula to obtain Qn:
The scattering sound pressure p (x) of the rough surface was calculated according to the following formulan,zn):
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides a method for detecting rough surface scattering sound pressure by utilizing wavelet transformation and a matrix method. The method combines the advantages of a matrix method and wavelet transformation, greatly reduces the scale of the matrix by utilizing the wavelet transformation on the basis of the original matrix method, overcomes the solving error brought by the original sparse matrix, and has the advantages of simple operation and calculation time saving.
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FIG. 1 is a schematic view of rough surface scattering.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described with reference to the accompanying drawings, and the following examples are only for clearly illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention, and should not be taken as limiting the scope of the present invention.
The invention discloses a method for detecting rough surface scattered sound pressure based on a wavelet matrix method, which combines the matrix method with a Harr wavelet transform method, and is characterized in that a rough plane is expanded along an x-axis direction, z ═ f (x) represents the surface height of the rough surface corresponding to an x point, and a wave beam p is formed by combining a matrix method and a Harr wavelet transform method, as shown in figure 1incEdge ofDirection of incidence, generationDirectionally scattered sound pressure ps. The algorithm specifically comprises the following steps:
1) and acquiring the statistical characteristics of the roughness of the rough surface, establishing a rough surface model, and discretizing the rough surface model to obtain a formula of the surface height changing along with a coordinate system.
Further, the rough surface model is represented by the roughness, which is represented by the statistical characteristics, and the power spectral density of the gaussian distribution is adopted, and the expression is as follows:
wherein W(s) is power spectral density, s is dependent variable, and hrmsIs the mean square error of the relief height of the asperity, and l is the surface correlation length, these two variables affecting the degree of roughness exhibited by the asperity.
After the power spectral density is obtained, a rough surface conforming to the roughness can be randomly generated. The method comprises the following specific steps:
randomly generating an independent Gauss random number vector α with a mean of 0 and a variance of 1nAnd βn(N is 0,1,2, …,2N), 2N +1 is the number of sampling points on the truncation length, and L is the truncation length of the rough surface, then the sampling interval:
and thereby generate a random complex number:
calculating an expansion coefficient:
calculating the rough surface height z using discrete Fourier transformp:
2) And establishing an incident wave function, and discretizing the incident wave function to obtain discrete data of incident waves changing along with coordinates.
The incident wave can be conical wave, the conical wave control parameter g is L/4, and the average incident angle theta of the incident sound field is determined according to the average incident angle thetaiThe wave number k of the incident sound wave is the sampling point (x) of the rough surfacep,zp) The incident cone wave at (a) can be described as:
pinc(xp,zp)=exp[ik(xpcosθi+zpsinθi)-(xp-zpcotθi)2/g2](6)
xpas coordinates of the rough surface sampling point p, zpThe asperity is sampled at the p surface height.
3) And obtaining a matrix describing scattering characteristics according to an integral equation and boundary conditions.
Using the Green formula, the general form of the helmholtz integral equation can be derived:
wherein p (r) is the total sound pressure field, pinc(r') is the incident sound pressure,for normal derivation notation, ▽ p (r), ▽ g (r, r ') denotes derivation of p (r), green's function g (r, r '), r' and r are vector points of the incident and scattered fields, respectively, D is a scatterer, and s is a rough surface.
The integral equation for a one-dimensional matte can be described as:
wherein, (x, z), (x ', z') respectively represent the coordinates of the scattering point and the incidence point, and z (x) represents the height of the rough surface corresponding to the coordinate x.
Discretizing the integral equation by combining the first type of boundary conditions to obtain a matrix equation:
Am×nQn=bm,
in the formula:
the known incident wave variation: bm=pinc(xm,zm);
Wherein x ism,xnRespectively represent the abscissa of the incident point, the abscissa of the scattering point, g (x)m,xn) Is xm,xnCorresponding Green's function, i in imaginary units, ▽ p (x)n,zn) The sound pressure derivative of the scattering point.
4) And simplifying the matrix by utilizing the orthogonality of the Harr wavelet transform to obtain a fine solution.
Firstly, a 0-scale space scale function and a 1-scale space scale function are constructed:
expanding the unknown vector Q by using 0,1 scale function respectivelyn,
Wherein,respectively represent the unknown expansion coefficients corresponding to the 0,1 scale functions,for a discrete index N, the incident point r' corresponds to a 0,1 scale function, where N is 1,2, …, N.
And substituting into integral equation (8):
wherein x' represents the incident point coordinates.
Constructing a weight function:
wherein () is a function, rm,-Δ=rm-Δx/2,rm,+Δ=rm+Δx/2,rmIs represented by the formulamCorresponding discrete points.
Inner products are made for equation (14) using weight functions (15) and (16), respectively:
from the above system of equations, it can be derived:
constructing a fine solution:
substituting the 0-scale expansion coefficient obtained from equation (21) into the following equation:
can obtain an unknown vector Qn。
That is, in the actual calculation process, it is only necessary to obtain the values from the equation sets (19) and (20)A finer solution is obtained from a coarser approximation solution, the size of the matrix equation being reduced from N x N to two N/2 x N/2.
5) And calculating the scattering sound pressure of the rough surface.
From the new matrix Q obtained in step 4)nSubstituting the following formula:
then p (x) can be obtainedn,zn) I.e. the scattering sound pressure of the rough surface.
Based on the shape inflexibility of a matrix method and the advantages of decomposition and reconstruction of a wavelet transform method, the invention greatly reduces the scale of the matrix, overcomes the solving error brought by the original sparse matrix, and has the advantages of simple operation and calculation time saving.
The foregoing illustrates and describes the principles, general features, and advantages of the present invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (7)
1. A method for detecting rough surface scattering sound pressure based on a wavelet matrix method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
establishing a rough surface model based on the statistical characteristics of the roughness of the rough surface;
obtaining a rough surface height calculation model based on the rough surface model;
establishing a matrix equation related to rough surface and scattering sound pressure based on a calculation model of the height of the rough surface;
simplifying the matrix equation based on Harr wavelet transformation to obtain a simplified equation;
and calculating the scattering sound pressure of the rough surface based on the simplified equation.
2. The method for detecting the scattered sound pressure of the rough surface based on the wavelet matrix method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the rough surface model is established based on the statistical characteristics of the roughness of the rough surface, and the method comprises the following steps:
the statistical characterization of the roughness of the rough surface is carried out using a power spectral density of the gaussian distribution:
wherein W(s) is power spectral density, s is dependent variable, hrmsIs the mean square error of the undulation height of the rough surface, and l is the correlation length of the rough surface.
3. The method for detecting the scattered sound pressure of the rough surface based on the wavelet matrix method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the obtaining of the calculation model of the height of the rough surface based on the rough surface model comprises:
randomly generating an independent Gauss random number vector α with a mean of 0 and a variance of 1nAnd βn,n=0,1,2,…,2N;
Generating random complex numbers gamma based on random number vectorsn:
Calculating an expansion coefficient based on the rough surface model:
calculating the asperity height using discrete fourier transform:
wherein z ispThe height of the rough surface at the sampling point p is shown, 2N +1 is the number of sampling points on the truncation length of the rough surface, and L is the truncation length of the rough surface.
4. The method for detecting scattered sound pressure of a rough surface based on the wavelet matrix method as claimed in claim 3, wherein the rough surface and scattered sound pressure related matrix equation is established based on the calculation model of the height of the rough surface, and comprises:
the integral equation of the one-dimensional rough surface is expressed as:
wherein p isinc(x ', z') is an incident wave, (x, z), (x ', z') respectively represents coordinates of the scattering point and the incident point, z (x) represents the height of the rough surface corresponding to the abscissa x of the scattering point, g (x, z; x ', z') is a Green function corresponding to (x, z), (x ', z'),represents a scattered sound pressure;
discretizing the integral equation by combining the first type of boundary conditions to obtain a matrix equation:
Am×nQn=bm,
wherein:
bm=pinc(xm,zm);
wherein x ism,xnAbscissa of incidence point and scattering point, respectively, and Δ x is sampling interval, g (x)m,xn) Is xm,xnCorresponding Green function, k is the wave number of incident sound wave, i is the imaginary unit, z' (x)m) Representing the point of incidence xmAt the height of the rough surface, z' (x)n) Represents the scattering point xnThe height of the rough surface is higher than that of the rough surface,in order to derive the sign in the normal direction,derivative of sound pressure as scattering point, pinc(xm,zm) Representing the incident wave.
5. The method for detecting rough surface scattered sound pressure based on the wavelet matrix method as claimed in claim 4, wherein the incident wave is a cone wave represented by:
pinc(xp,zp)=exp[ik(xpcosθi+zpsinθi)-(xp-zpcotθi)2/g2];
wherein p isinc(xp,zp) Is (x)p,zp) Incident wave of (x)pIs the abscissa, z, of the rough surface sampling point ppP surface height of rough surface sampling point, g is cone wave control parameter, thetaiIs the average angle of incidence of the incident sound field.
6. The method for detecting rough surface scattered sound pressure based on the wavelet matrix method as claimed in claim 4, wherein the simplifying the matrix equation based on Harr wavelet transform to obtain a simplified equation comprises:
constructing a 0-scale space scale function and a 1-scale space scale function:
expanding unknown vector Q by using 0-scale space scale function and 1-scale space scale function respectivelyn:
Wherein,respectively representing unknown expansion coefficients corresponding to 0 and 1 scale functions, r' is an incident field vector point,ψ1,n(r') is a discrete index N, the incident point corresponds to a 0,1 scale function, and N is 1,2, …, N;
and (3) substituting an integral equation of the one-dimensional rough surface to obtain:
wherein r ' and r are vector points of the incident field and the scattered field respectively, g (r, r ') is a green function, and x ' is an abscissa corresponding to the vector points of the incident field;
constructing a weight function:
wherein () is a function, rm,-Δ=rm-Δx/2,rm,+Δ=rm+Δx/2,rmIs represented by the formulamCorresponding discrete points;
inner products are respectively made by using weight functions:
obtaining:
7. the method for detecting the scattered sound pressure of the rough surface based on the wavelet matrix method as claimed in claim 6, wherein the calculating the scattered sound pressure of the rough surface based on the simplified equation comprises:
constructing a fine solution:
by bringing into the formula to obtain Qn:
The scattering sound pressure p (x) of the rough surface was calculated according to the following formulan,zn):
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