CN111752262B - Actuator fault observer and fault-tolerant controller integrated design method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to an actuator fault observer and fault-tolerant controller integrated design method, which comprises the following steps: building controlled objects based on state space modelsA fault system model is provided, and a continuous system is discretized; integrating and designing a fault diagnosis observer and a fault-tolerant controller; defining a state estimation error and a fault estimation error to obtain an error system; the generalized interference is simultaneously amplified by the amplification state variable to obtain an amplification system; converting the integration design problem of the observer and the fault-tolerant controller into weighted H by adopting Lyapunov function theory∞Solving the problem by multiple targets of the error augmentation system under the performance index, and setting the performance index of the system; and integrating and solving parameters of the observer and the fault-tolerant controller by adopting a Linear Matrix Inequality (LMI) and a relaxation matrix method. The method is simple and convenient to calculate, can accurately and timely diagnose and control the faults in the system, has a certain inhibiting effect on uncertainty and disturbance of the system, and ensures that the control performance of the system is optimal by the fault-tolerant control system.
Description
The technical field is as follows:
the invention belongs to the field of advanced control of industrial processes, and particularly relates to an actuator fault observer and fault-tolerant controller integrated design method.
Background art:
faults are classified as sensor faults, actuator faults, and other component faults of the system. Of all failures, actuator failures are most common in industrial production. Due to the characteristics of friction, dead zones, saturation, etc., the actuator inevitably experiences some malfunction during its execution, which makes it difficult to reach a specified or desired position. The existence of actuator faults can reduce the operation precision of the system, damage the control performance of the system and even influence the production efficiency. Therefore, the fault-tolerant control technology which is accurate and timely in fault diagnosis and reliable has important significance for guaranteeing stable and efficient operation of the control process and industrial production. At present, a great deal of results are obtained for the research of fault diagnosis and fault-tolerant control of an actuator, a fault-tolerant control system based on the fault diagnosis results is developed rapidly, but most of the known methods firstly solve the parameters of an observer and bring the observation state into a fault-tolerant controller, but when the system is uncertain or transmission is delayed or lost, the fault-tolerant control performance is greatly discounted, and even the system operation is influenced.
The invention content is as follows:
the present invention is directed to solving at least one of the problems of the prior art or the related art. Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide an integrated design method for an actuator fault observer and a fault-tolerant controller, which is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps
Step 1, aiming at a closed-loop control system, considering system noise interference and actuator faults, establishing a fault system model of a controlled object based on a state space model, specifically:
step 1.1, selecting a controlled object, and constructing a state equation of the controlled object as follows:
wherein x ∈ Rn,u∈Rq,y∈Rm,z∈RhRespectively representing the state, control input, system output and controlled output of the system, f ∈ Rq,d∈RmRespectively representing actuator faults and sensor disturbances, Ac,Bc,Cc,Dc1,D2Is a constant matrix.
Step 1.2, discretizing a controlled object according to a sampling period h of a sensor:
wherein:the state estimate for x (k) is represented,denotes the fault estimate, L ∈ Rn×m,M∈Rq=mRepresenting a parameter matrix to be designed.
Step 3, defining state estimation errorAnd fault estimation errorAnd Δ f (k) ═ f (k +1) -f (k), can be obtained
Step 4, expanding the state variable:augmented generalized interference: w (k) ═ dT(k) ΔfT(k)]And then an augmentation system is obtained
Wherein:
and 5, setting the performance of the observer and the fault-tolerant controller
Step 5.1. for making the system robust and stable, the fault estimation error ef(k) Robust to interference w (k), satisfies H∞Performance indexes are as follows:defining the Lyapunov function:by Schur supplement theory, we obtain:
after Schur supplement, the Chinese medicine becomes
Step 5.2, the system is robust and stable, and the output z (k) has robustness to interference, namely H is satisfied∞Norm constraint conditions are as follows:so the Lyapunov function is chosen:by Schur supplement theory, we obtain:
after Schur supplement, the Chinese medicine becomes
Step 6, integrating and solving linear matrix inequality of observer and fault-tolerant controller based on LMI
Step 6.1, since G is a positive definite symmetric matrix, G is known to be reversible, and Λ ═ diag { G ═ GTP-1,I,I,I},Ω1And Ω2Left-hand and right-hand multiplier respectivelyTThe following can be obtained:
step 6.2, taking P as positive definite symmetric matrix, G as reversible matrix, having (P-G)TP-1(P-G) ≧ 0, the above formula is developed to yield: gTP-1G≥-P+G+GTWhen the left and right ends of the inequality are multiplied by-I at the same time, there is-GTP-1G≤P-G-GTAnd he (X) ═ X is definedT+ X, inequality (1) is changed to
The inequality (2) of the same theory becomes
Step 6.3 redefining the matrix
With Schur supplement, formula (3) and formula (4) become:
wherein
Step 6.4. due to the presence of the non-linear term in equation (7)The variable replacement can not be carried out, and an inequality is obtained according to a relaxation matrix method
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of an embodiment of the invention
FIG. 2 illustrates actuator fault estimation according to an embodiment of the invention
FIG. 3 is a state responsive angular velocity of an embodiment of the invention
FIG. 4 is a state responsive armature current for an embodiment of the invention
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the invention is further explained below with reference to the figures and the examples.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1, according to step 1.1, the controlled object is selected to be a direct current motor, and a mathematical model of the controlled object comprises the following two differential equations
Wherein iaω and vaRepresenting armature current, angular velocity and armature voltage, respectively. RaIs armature resistance, LaIs an inductance. K and KbIs the voltage and motor constant, JmIs moment of inertia, BmCoefficient of friction.
Further, the controlled object mathematical model is constructed as a controlled object state equation as follows:
And considering system noise interference and actuator faults, establishing a fault system model of the controlled object based on a state space model:
wherein x ∈ Rn,u∈Rq,y∈Rm,z∈RhRespectively representing the state, control input, system output and controlled output of the system, f ∈ Rq,d∈RmRespectively representing actuator faults and sensor disturbances, Ac,Bc,Cc,Dc1,D2Is a constant matrix.
According to step 1.2, let Ra=1.2,La=0.05,K=0.6,Kb=0.6,Jm=0.1352,BmWhen discretization is performed at a sampling period h of 0.01s of 0.3, the system matrix parameters of the linear discretization model can be obtained as follows
In order to verify the design of the fault estimation observer and the fault-tolerant controller, a fault signal is set as follows:
and the unknown disturbance input signal d (k) is a random signal with an amplitude smaller than 0.1.
wherein:the state estimate for x (k) is represented,denotes the fault estimate, L ∈ Rn×m,M∈Rq=mRepresenting a parameter matrix to be designed.
Step 3, defining state estimation errorAnd fault estimation errorAnd Δ f (k)) F (k +1) -f (k), available as
Step 4, expanding the state variable:augmented generalized interference: w (k) ═ dT(k) ΔfT(k)]And then an augmentation system is obtained
Wherein:
and 5, setting the performance of the observer and the fault-tolerant controller
Step 5.1. for making the system robust and stable, the fault estimation error ef(k) Robust to interference w (k), satisfies H∞Performance indexes are as follows:defining the Lyapunov function:by Schur supplement theory, we obtain:
after Schur supplement, the Chinese medicine becomes
Step 5.2, the system is robust and stable, and the output z (k) has robustness to interference, namely the system meets the requirementH∞Norm constraint conditions are as follows:so the Lyapunov function is chosen:by Schur supplement theory, we obtain:
after Schur supplement, the Chinese medicine becomes
Step 6, integrating and solving linear matrix inequality of observer and fault-tolerant controller based on LMI
Step 6.1, since G is a positive definite symmetric matrix, G is known to be reversible, and Λ ═ diag { G ═ GTP-1,I,I,I},Ω1And Ω2Left-hand and right-hand multiplier respectivelyTThe following can be obtained:
step 6.2, taking P as positive definite symmetric matrix, G as reversible matrix, having (P-G)TP-1(P-G) ≧ 0, the above formula is developed to yield: gTP-1G≥-P+G+GTWhen the left and right ends of the inequality are multiplied by-I at the same time, there is-GTP-1G≤P-G-GTAnd he (X) ═ X is definedT+ X, inequality (1) is changed to
The inequality (2) of the same theory becomes
Step 6.3 redefining the matrix
With Schur supplement, formula (3) and formula (4) become:
wherein
Step 6.4. due to the presence of non-threads in formula (7)Sexual itemThe variable replacement can not be carried out, and an inequality is obtained according to a relaxation matrix method
Step 6.5. definitionCalculating state estimation gain by using inequalities (5), (6) and (8) through LMI toolFault estimation gainController gainThe specific parameters are solved as follows: when M is equal to 1.1111, M is,K=[-0.8724 0]。
referring to fig. 2, the system initial state is x (k) ═ 11]TWhen the system has a fault, the method provided by the invention can accurately and rapidly estimate the size of the fault. Referring to fig. 3 and 4, the fault-tolerant controller designed by the present invention can maintain good performance of the system when a fault occurs, and it can be seen by comparison that the system has a large fluctuation amplitude and a large oscillation frequency without the fault-tolerant controller provided by the present invention. On the contrary, if the fault-tolerant control method provided by the invention is adopted, the armature current and the angular speed in the system state have small fluctuation and tend to be stable in a short time, thereby achieving the fault-tolerant controlThe purpose is.
Claims (1)
1. An actuator fault observer and fault-tolerant controller integrated design method is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps
Step 1, aiming at a closed-loop control system, considering system noise interference and actuator faults, establishing a fault system model of a controlled object based on a state space model, specifically:
step 1.1, selecting a controlled object, and constructing a state equation of the controlled object as follows:
wherein x ∈ Rn,u∈Rq,y∈Rm,z∈RhRespectively representing the state, control input, system output and controlled output of the system, f ∈ Rq,d∈RmRespectively, representing actuator faults and sensor disturbances, Ac,Bc,C,Cz,Dc1,D2Is a constant matrix;
step 1.2, discretizing a controlled object according to a sampling period h of a sensor:
step 2, the observer integrating fault diagnosis and fault-tolerant control is designed as follows:
wherein:the state estimate for x (k) is represented,representing a fault estimate, the controller gain K ∈ Rq×nThe state estimation gain L is equal to Rn×mThe fault estimation gain M is equal to Rq×mIs a parameter matrix to be designed;
step 3, defining state estimation errorAnd fault estimation errorAnd Δ f (k) ═ f (k +1) -f (k), can be obtained
Step 4, expanding the state variable: ζ (k) ═ xT(k) ex T(k) ef T(k)]TThe generalized interference is amplified: w (k) ═ dT(k) ΔfT(k)]And then an augmentation system is obtained
Wherein:
and 5, setting the performance of the observer and the fault-tolerant controller
Step 5.1. for making the system robust and stable, the fault estimation error ef(k) Robust to interference w (k), satisfies H∞Performance indexes are as follows:wherein gamma iseIs constant and has a value of gammae> 0, defining the Lyapunov function:by Schur supplement theory, we obtain:
after Schur supplement, the Chinese medicine becomes
Wherein I is an identity matrix;
step 5.2, the system is robust and stable, and the output z (k) has robustness to interference, namely H is satisfied∞Norm constraint conditions are as follows:wherein gamma iszIs constant and has a value of gammaz> 0, so the Lyapunov function was chosen:by Schur supplement theory, we obtain:
after Schur supplement, the Chinese medicine becomes
Step 6, integrating and solving linear matrix inequality of observer and fault-tolerant controller based on LMI
Step 6.1, since G is a positive definite symmetric matrix, G is known to be reversible, and Λ ═ diag { G ═ GTP-1,I,I,I},Ω1And Ω2Left-hand and right-hand multiplier respectivelyTThe following can be obtained:
step 6.2, taking P as positive definite symmetric matrix, G as reversible matrix, having (P-G)TP-1(P-G) ≧ 0, the above formula is developed to yield: gTP-1G≥-P+G+GTWhen the left and right ends of the inequality are multiplied by-I at the same time, there is-GTP-1G≤P-G-GTAnd he (X) ═ X is definedT+ X, inequality (1) is changed to
The inequality (2) of the same theory becomes
Step 6.3 redefining the matrix
With Schur supplement, formula (3) and formula (4) become:
wherein
And IpIs an identity matrix of order p, IhIs an h-order identity matrix
Step 6.4. due to the presence of the non-linear term in equation (7)The variable replacement can not be carried out, and an inequality is obtained according to a relaxation matrix method
Wherein eta is constant and has eta > 0, InIs an n-order identity matrix, IrIs an r-order identity matrix, then
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CN106160533A (en) * | 2016-08-12 | 2016-11-23 | 大连理工大学 | A kind of pulse rectifier sensor fault fault tolerant control method based on sliding mode observer |
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