CN111751225A - Low-temperature large-size fracture toughness CTOD test method and device - Google Patents
Low-temperature large-size fracture toughness CTOD test method and device Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/20—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady bending forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
- G01N3/04—Chucks
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0001—Type of application of the stress
- G01N2203/0003—Steady
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0023—Bending
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0058—Kind of property studied
- G01N2203/006—Crack, flaws, fracture or rupture
- G01N2203/0067—Fracture or rupture
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/022—Environment of the test
- G01N2203/0222—Temperature
- G01N2203/0228—Low temperature; Cooling means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
- G01N2203/067—Parameter measured for estimating the property
- G01N2203/0676—Force, weight, load, energy, speed or acceleration
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
- G01N2203/067—Parameter measured for estimating the property
- G01N2203/0682—Spatial dimension, e.g. length, area, angle
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Abstract
The invention provides a low-temperature large-size fracture toughness CTOD test device and a method, which can realize the full-flow operation of sample loading, heat preservation, sample loading, unloading and sample unloading of a low-temperature large-size CTOD test, so that the low-temperature large-size CTOD test can be rapidly developed in batches. The invention is safe and reliable, is simple and convenient to operate, greatly improves the efficiency of low-temperature large-size CTOD tests, and saves a large amount of manpower and material resources.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of metal material fracture mechanical property testing, and particularly relates to a low-temperature large-size fracture toughness CTOD test method and device.
Background
With the improvement of metallurgical quality, a large number of crack arrest steels or high toughness materials are applied to the construction of marine engineering equipment, and the materials can generate large-range yield or overall yield when being fractured, namely, the plastic zone size before fracture approaches or remarkably exceeds the size of the crack, and the fracture is generated under a larger stress level through the elastic-plastic expansion of the crack. For this material, crack Tip Opening displacement ctod (crack Tip Opening displacement) is generally used to evaluate its fracture toughness properties. With the increasing scale of ocean structure engineering construction projects, structural members show the development trend of large-scale and thick-walled, and as the fracture toughness of metal materials has obvious thickness effect, in order to more accurately evaluate the low-temperature fracture resistance of ocean engineering structural members, various domestic steel mills and marine engineering construction enterprises require to test the original plate thickness of the steel plate at low temperature CTOD. Due to the large size and the heavy volume of the original plate thickness CTOD sample, the loading and unloading of the sample and the heat preservation are time-consuming and labor-consuming, the CTOD test efficiency is seriously influenced, and the production research requirements of various large steel mills and marine engineering construction enterprises can not be met. In order to improve the CTOD test efficiency and provide an effective technical means and support for the fracture resistance evaluation of the marine engineering material, research and development of a low-temperature large-size fracture toughness CTOD test device and method are urgently needed at present to realize the rapid and effective development of large-size marine engineering material low-temperature CTOD test in batches. The review of relevant patent data shows that the prior published reports on the CTOD test are limited to the operation of a cooling box (CN 106018118A and CN 105865901A) and the preparation of a sample (CN 109964110A), and the reference significance of the development of a low-temperature large-size fracture toughness CTOD test device in the whole process is not large.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a low-temperature large-size fracture toughness CTOD test method and a device, which can realize the full-flow operation of sample loading, heat preservation, loading, unloading and sample unloading of a low-temperature large-size CTOD test and quickly develop the low-temperature large-size CTOD test in batches. The invention is safe and reliable, is simple and convenient to operate, greatly improves the efficiency of low-temperature large-size CTOD tests, and saves a large amount of manpower and material resources.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a CTOD test method for low-temperature large-size fracture toughness comprises the steps of firstly, hoisting a sample into a low-temperature box filled with a low-temperature medium by using hoisting equipment, then, moving the low-temperature box to the position right below a bending clamp of a testing machine along an overhead slide rail, ensuring that a positioning hole on the lower surface of the bottom of the low-temperature box is vertically corresponding to a positioning core on a force application cylinder on the lower part of the testing machine, then, lifting a lifting column of the force application cylinder, enabling the positioning core protruding out of the top surface of the lifting column to be inserted into the positioning hole of the low-temperature box, enabling a plane around the positioning core to be in contact with the lower surface of the bottom of the low-temperature box so as to keep the balance of the low-temperature box, then, continuously lifting the lifting column, jacking the low-temperature box and separating from the overhead slide rail until the upper surface of the sample in the low-temperature box props against the bending clamp, then, and finally, controlling the force application cylinder to unload until the test data is tested, so that the low-temperature box falls back to the overhead sliding rail, moving the low-temperature box to the initial position, and taking out the sample by using the hoisting equipment so as to carry out the next test.
The overhead sliding rail comprises two parallel linear rails, the two linear rails are erected through a support, the starting end of the overhead sliding rail is far away from the testing machine, and the terminal of the overhead sliding rail is located below the bending fixture.
And two ends of the overhead sliding rail are respectively provided with a limiting block.
The height of the overhead slide rail is greater than the overall height of the force application barrel when the lifting column is in a retracted state.
The bending clamp is provided with two pressing blocks, and the two pressing blocks are matched with a top block arranged at the bottom of the low-temperature box to form an inverted 'article' shape.
The device for the low-temperature large-size fracture toughness CTOD test comprises a testing machine and a low-temperature box, wherein a force application cylinder capable of loading pressure upwards is arranged at the lower part of the testing machine, a bending clamp is arranged at the upper part of the testing machine, the bending clamp is provided with two pressing blocks, and the two pressing blocks can be matched with a top block arranged at the bottom of the low-temperature box to form an inverted 'product' -shaped layout; the low-temperature box is characterized by further comprising an overhead sliding rail, the overhead sliding rail is erected at a height between the bending fixture and the force application barrel through a support, the low-temperature box is arranged in a sliding mode along the overhead sliding rail through rollers, positioning holes are formed in the lower surface of the bottom of the low-temperature box, positioning cores protruding out of the top surface are arranged on the top surface of the lifting column on the force application barrel, and the positioning cores are inserted into the positioning holes to ensure that the low-temperature box can be kept balanced when the low-temperature box is jacke.
The overhead sliding rail comprises two parallel linear rails, the two linear rails are erected through a support, and one end of each linear rail is fixed to the stand column of the testing machine.
And two ends of the overhead sliding rail are respectively provided with a limiting block.
The outer surface of the low-temperature box is made of stainless steel, and the inner layer of the low-temperature box is provided with a heat-insulating material layer.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the low-temperature large-size fracture toughness CTOD test method and device, through integrated device design, the full-flow operation of sample loading, heat preservation, loading, unloading and sample unloading of the low-temperature large-size CTOD test can be realized, and the low-temperature large-size CTOD test can be rapidly developed in batches. The invention greatly improves the CTOD test efficiency, saves the test cost of alcohol, liquid nitrogen and the like, and creates more than 500 ten thousand yuan of economic benefit each year on average.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the present invention in a test preparation phase;
FIG. 4 shows the CTOD sample form and size of the 9Ni steel in the example;
FIG. 5 shows the dimensions of the 9Ni steel CTOD sample from another perspective in the example;
FIG. 6 is the notch opening displacement of the test specimen obtained in the exampleV m-load ofFA curve;
the labels in the figure are: 1. the testing machine comprises a testing machine body, 2 bending clamps, 3 a low-temperature box, 4 an overhead sliding rail, 5 a sample, 6 a force application cylinder, 7 a limiting block, 8 hoisting equipment, 9 and a support.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following drawings and examples, but the invention is not limited thereto.
Referring to the attached drawings, the device for the low-temperature large-size fracture toughness CTOD test comprises a testing machine 1 and a low-temperature box 3, wherein a force application cylinder 6 capable of loading pressure upwards is arranged at the lower part of the testing machine 1, a bending clamp 2 is arranged at the upper part of the testing machine 1, the bending clamp 2 is provided with two pressing blocks, the two pressing blocks can be matched with a top block arranged at the bottom of the low-temperature box 3 to form an inverted 'product' -shaped layout, when the low-temperature box 3 is pressed upwards, the top block at the bottom of the low-temperature box 3 is equivalent to a fulcrum of a lever, the two pressing blocks on the bending clamp 2 react on a sample 5 to force two ends of the sample 5 to bend downwards, and the low-temperature.
The device is characterized in that an overhead slide rail 4 formed by erecting two linear rails is further arranged on one side of the testing machine 1, the overhead slide rail 4 is erected at the height between the bending fixture 2 and the force application cylinder 6 through a support 9, one end of the overhead slide rail 4 is far away from the testing machine 1 and serves as a starting end, the other end of the overhead slide rail 4 is located below the bending fixture 2 and serves as a terminal, and the terminal can be welded on an upright post of the testing machine 1 to strengthen the support; the two ends of the overhead sliding rail 4 are respectively provided with a limiting block 7 so as to prevent the low-temperature box 3 from separating from the sliding rail when sliding on the overhead sliding rail 4. Four pulleys are arranged at the bottom of the low-temperature box 3 and are supported on a linear track of the overhead sliding rail 4 in a rolling manner, and when the low-temperature box 3 needs to move, the low-temperature box 3 can be pushed or pulled manually by an operator.
The lower surface of the bottom of the low-temperature box 3 is provided with a positioning hole, the top surface of the lifting column in the center of the force application cylinder 6 is provided with a positioning core protruding out of the top surface, and the positioning core is inserted into the positioning hole to ensure that the low-temperature box 3 can keep balance when being jacked upwards.
The size of the inner cavity of a low-temperature box 3 in the device is 1600 (length) multiplied by 450 (width) multiplied by 450 (depth), and a CTOD sample test with the thickness of 40-250 mm can be carried out on the premise that the tonnage of a tester 1 allows; the outer surface of the low-temperature box 3 is made of stainless steel, the inner layer is provided with a heat insulation material layer, a good heat insulation effect can be achieved, and a low-temperature environment of 0-196 ℃ can be achieved through a liquid nitrogen alcohol mixed solution or other low-temperature media.
The method for carrying out the low-temperature large-size fracture toughness CTOD test by using the device comprises the following steps: firstly, a sample 5 is hoisted into a low-temperature box 3 containing a low-temperature medium by utilizing a hoisting device 8 for heat preservation, then the low-temperature box 3 is moved to the position under a bending clamp 2 of a testing machine 1 along an overhead slide rail 4, and a positioning hole on the lower surface of the bottom of the low-temperature box 3 is ensured to be vertically corresponding to a positioning core on a force application cylinder 6 on the lower part of the testing machine 1, then a lifting column of the force application cylinder 6 is lifted, the positioning core protruding out of the top surface of the lifting column is inserted into the positioning hole of the low-temperature box 3, and the plane around the positioning core is contacted with the lower surface of the bottom of the low-temperature box 3 so as to keep the balance of the low-temperature box 3, then the lifting column is continuously lifted, the low-temperature box 3 is jacked up and separated from the overhead slide rail 4 until the upper surface of the sample 5 in the low-temperature box 3 butts against the bending clamp 2, then upward force is continuously applied to the low, and finally, controlling the force application cylinder 6 to unload until the test data is tested, so that the low-temperature box 3 falls back to the overhead slide rail 4, moving the low-temperature box 3 to the initial position, and taking out the sample 5 by the hoisting equipment 8 so as to carry out the next test.
The following test of a steel material is used as an example.
1. Test materials: 9Ni steel
2. Heat treatment state: thermal refining
3. Ambient temperature: relative humidity of environment at 23-25 ℃: 40 to 50 percent
4. Sample type: SE (B) sample, whose shape and size are shown in FIG. 4, wherein the sample has a length of 500mm, a width of 100mm and a thickness of 50 mm.
5. Test items: CTOD test at-165 ℃
6. The test method comprises the following steps: after the CTOD sample is prefabricated with fatigue cracks, the CTOD sample is installed and clamped in a low-temperature box through hoisting, and the CTOD sample is shown in figure 3. Controlling the temperature of the sample at minus 165 +/-2 ℃ by a low-temperature medium and preserving the temperature for 25 min. The low-temperature box is pushed to the terminal of the overhead sliding rail 4, the COD gauge is clamped at the position of the notch of the sample, the loading rate is set to be 2.0mm/min, and the testing machine 1 is started to start the CTOD test after the testing machine 1 is set to collect test data such as time, displacement, strain, load and the like. And after the test is finished, unloading to enable the low-temperature tank to fall on the overhead slide rail 4, pushing the low-temperature box 3 to the starting end of the overhead slide rail 4, and hoisting the sample 5 by using a hydraulic lift truck to finish the CTOD test. The model of the testing machine adopted in the embodiment is WYE-1000 type testing machine.
7. And (3) test results:
7.1 test temperature monitoring and recording
During the test, the test temperature was monitored and recorded in table 1.
7.2 gap opening displacementVLoad F curve
Test specimen notch opening displacementVLoad F-curve, see fig. 6.
The load can be obtained from the curveFAnd amount of plastic deformationV p。
7.3, the test results are shown in Table 2
From the above test results, the CTOD value of the 9Ni steel was 0.482 mm.
The above embodiments are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention and not to limit the same, and it should be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that the specific embodiments of the present invention can be modified or substituted with equivalents with reference to the above embodiments, and any modifications or equivalents without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention are within the scope of the claims to be appended.
Claims (9)
1. A low-temperature large-size fracture toughness CTOD test method is characterized in that firstly, a sample is hoisted into a low-temperature box filled with low-temperature media by utilizing hoisting equipment, then the low-temperature box is moved to the position right below a bending clamp of a testing machine along an overhead slide rail, a positioning hole on the lower surface of the bottom of the low-temperature box is ensured to be vertically corresponding to a positioning core on a force application cylinder on the lower part of the testing machine, then a lifting column of the force application cylinder is lifted, the positioning core protruding out of the top surface of the lifting column is inserted into the positioning hole of the low-temperature box, a plane around the positioning core is contacted with the lower surface of the bottom of the low-temperature box so as to keep the balance of the low-temperature box, then the lifting column is continuously lifted, the low-temperature box is jacked up and separated from the overhead slide rail until the upper surface of the sample in the low-temperature box props, and loading a preset pressure on the sample to perform a CTOD test until the test data is tested, finally, controlling the force application cylinder to unload so that the low-temperature box falls back to the overhead slide rail, moving the low-temperature box to the initial position, and taking out the sample by the hoisting equipment so as to perform the next test.
2. The method for testing the low-temperature large-size fracture toughness CTOD according to claim 1, wherein the overhead slide rail comprises two parallel linear rails, the two linear rails are erected by a bracket, the starting end of the overhead slide rail is far away from the testing machine, and the terminal end of the overhead slide rail is located below the bending fixture.
3. The method for testing low-temperature large-size fracture toughness CTOD according to claim 1 or 2, wherein two ends of the overhead slide rail are respectively provided with a limiting block.
4. The method for testing the low-temperature large-size fracture toughness CTOD as recited in claim 1, wherein the height of the overhead sliding rail is greater than the overall height of the force application cylinder in the retracted state of the lifting column.
5. The method for testing the low-temperature large-size fracture toughness CTOD as recited in claim 1, wherein the bending fixture has two pressing blocks, and the bending fixture is matched with a top block arranged at the bottom of the low-temperature box to form an inverted 'T' shape.
6. The apparatus for testing the low-temperature large-size fracture toughness CTOD according to claim 1, comprising a testing machine and a low-temperature box, wherein the lower part of the testing machine is provided with a force application cylinder capable of loading pressure upwards, the upper part of the testing machine is provided with a bending clamp, the bending clamp is provided with two pressing blocks, the two pressing blocks can be matched with a top block arranged at the bottom of the low-temperature box to form an inverted 'pin' shape layout, and the apparatus is characterized in that: the low-temperature box is characterized by further comprising an overhead sliding rail, the overhead sliding rail is erected at a height between the bending fixture and the force application barrel through a support, the low-temperature box is arranged in a sliding mode along the overhead sliding rail through rollers, positioning holes are formed in the lower surface of the bottom of the low-temperature box, positioning cores protruding out of the top surface are arranged on the top surface of the lifting column on the force application barrel, and the positioning cores are inserted into the positioning holes to ensure that the low-temperature box can be kept balanced when the low-temperature box is jacke.
7. The apparatus for low temperature large size fracture toughness, CTOD, test as claimed in claim 6, wherein: the overhead sliding rail comprises two parallel linear rails, the two linear rails are erected through a support, and one end of each linear rail is fixed to the stand column of the testing machine.
8. The apparatus for low temperature large size fracture toughness, CTOD, test as claimed in claim 6, wherein: and two ends of the overhead sliding rail are respectively provided with a limiting block.
9. The apparatus for low temperature large size fracture toughness, CTOD, test as claimed in claim 6, wherein: the outer surface of the low-temperature box is made of stainless steel, and the inner layer of the low-temperature box is provided with a heat-insulating material layer.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113670682A (en) * | 2021-07-22 | 2021-11-19 | 包头钢铁（集团）有限责任公司 | Preparation method and test method of 50kg/m steel rail fracture toughness sample |
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| CN209296491U (en) * | 2018-12-19 | 2019-08-23 | 贵州省建材产品质量监督检验院 | A kind of bar bending device for detecting performance |
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| CN102004054A (en) * | 2010-09-21 | 2011-04-06 | 同济大学 | Three-way loading mechanical property test system of multifunctional lining segment joint |
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| CN105865901A (en) * | 2016-05-18 | 2016-08-17 | 中国石油集团海洋工程有限公司 | Double-propping head incubator for low-temperature CTOD (Crack Tip Opening Displacement) tests |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113670682A (en) * | 2021-07-22 | 2021-11-19 | 包头钢铁（集团）有限责任公司 | Preparation method and test method of 50kg/m steel rail fracture toughness sample |
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