CN111744048A - UVC-LED instantaneous disinfection and sterilization method and device - Google Patents
UVC-LED instantaneous disinfection and sterilization method and device Download PDFInfo
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- CN111744048A CN111744048A CN202010675358.XA CN202010675358A CN111744048A CN 111744048 A CN111744048 A CN 111744048A CN 202010675358 A CN202010675358 A CN 202010675358A CN 111744048 A CN111744048 A CN 111744048A
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- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 88
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 102
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007888 film coating Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009501 film coating Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000476 molybdenum oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002207 thermal evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 abstract description 19
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 11
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 3
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000700605 Viruses Species 0.000 description 2
- 244000052616 bacterial pathogen Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002779 inactivation Effects 0.000 description 2
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 208000035473 Communicable disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002310 reflectometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L9/00—Disinfection, sterilisation or deodorisation of air
- A61L9/16—Disinfection, sterilisation or deodorisation of air using physical phenomena
- A61L9/18—Radiation
- A61L9/20—Ultra-violet radiation
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2/00—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor
- A61L2/02—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor using physical phenomena
- A61L2/08—Radiation
- A61L2/10—Ultra-violet radiation
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2/00—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor
- A61L2/26—Accessories or devices or components used for biocidal treatment
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2202/00—Aspects relating to methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects
- A61L2202/10—Apparatus features
- A61L2202/11—Apparatus for generating biocidal substances, e.g. vaporisers, UV lamps
Abstract
The invention discloses a UVC-LED instantaneous disinfection and sterilization method and a device thereof, wherein the normal direction of a light-emitting surface of a high-power-density UVC-LED integrated light source is set scientifically to be the same as or/and opposite to the flow direction of a fluid, so that the fluid can be ensured to be always positioned on the light-emitting surface normal of the high-power-density UVC-LED integrated light source in the flowing process, less high-power-density UVC-LED integrated light sources are arranged at the local position of a fluid pipeline, the fluid in the fluid pipeline can receive the maximum-intensity ultraviolet radiation for a longer time, the cost is reduced, the ultraviolet radiation time of the fluid is controlled within 3s in a matching manner, and the ultraviolet radiation dose received by the fluid is 100mJ/cm2Therefore, the aim of instantaneous high-efficiency disinfection and sterilization is fulfilled; and the high-power-density UVC-LED integrated light source is positioned in the fluid pipeline, so that high-intensity ultraviolet rays can be limited to flowIn the body pipeline, ensure safe in utilization, do benefit to extensive popularization and application.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ultraviolet disinfection and sterilization, in particular to a UVC-LED instantaneous disinfection and sterilization method and a UVC-LED instantaneous disinfection and sterilization device.
Background
The traditional ultraviolet lamp is mainly a low-pressure mercury lamp and has the defects of mercury toxicity, slow response time, high energy consumption and large potential safety hazard. The UVC-LED deep ultraviolet solid-state light source has the advantages of being environment-friendly, adjustable in power, low in energy consumption and the like, so that the UVC-LED is adopted for ultraviolet sterilization and disinfection, and the UVC-LED deep ultraviolet solid-state light source has the advantages of being fast, efficient, flexible, convenient, safe and reliable.
The Chinese patent publication No. CN 102318872A, entitled "LED ultraviolet fluid disinfection method and device" discloses an LED ultraviolet fluid disinfection method and device, which comprises an LED disinfection component, a protective shell and a spiral sleeve, wherein the LED disinfection component and the spiral sleeve are both arranged in the protective shell, and the LED disinfection component is positioned in the middle of the spiral sleeve; the LED disinfection assembly is composed of a support plate and ultraviolet LED modules, wherein the ultraviolet LED modules are installed on the support plate and arranged in an array. Although the LED sterilizing component can realize a certain sterilizing effect, the ultraviolet radiation dose of the LED sterilizing component is not large, and the sterilizing effect on partial germs cannot be achieved. And this LED disinfection subassembly is located the outside of spiral sleeve pipe, and is higher to the material requirement of spiral sleeve pipe, must be the material that UVC light transmissivity is high, and is with high costs.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings, an object of the present invention is to provide a UVC-LED instantaneous disinfection method that can achieve an instantaneous disinfection effect, has a good disinfection effect, can confine medium and high intensity ultraviolet rays in a fluid pipeline, and is safe to use.
The invention also aims to provide the UVC-LED instantaneous disinfection and sterilization device capable of realizing the UVC-LED instantaneous disinfection and sterilization method, and the UVC-LED instantaneous disinfection and sterilization device is ingenious and reasonable in structural design, easy to realize, low in cost and good in disinfection and sterilization effect.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
a high-power-density UVC-LED integrated light source with the normal direction of a light-emitting surface being the same as or/and opposite to the flow direction of fluid in a fluid pipeline is arranged in the fluid pipeline, so that the fluid in the fluid pipeline is always positioned on the light-emitting surface normal of the high-power-density UVC-LED integrated light source in the flowing process, the maximum-intensity ultraviolet radiation can be obtained for a long time, the instant disinfection and sterilization effect is further improved, the ultraviolet radiation time of the fluid receiving the high-power-density UVC-LED integrated light source is 0.1-3 s by controlling the flow speed of the fluid in the fluid pipeline, and the ultraviolet radiation dose is larger than 100mJ/cm2So as to realize the purpose of instant disinfection and sterilization.
The UVC-LED instantaneous disinfection and sterilization device comprises a fluid pipeline and a light-emitting surface, wherein the ultraviolet irradiance of the light-emitting surface is more than 35mW/cm2The high-power-density UVC-LED integrated light source is characterized in that a mounting base plane perpendicular to the flowing direction of fluid in the fluid pipeline is arranged in the fluid pipeline, the high-power-density UVC-LED integrated light source is arranged on the mounting base plane, and the normal direction of the light-emitting surface of the high-power-density UVC-LED integrated light source is the same as or/and opposite to the flowing direction of the fluid.
As a preferable scheme of the present invention, the fluid pipeline is bent to have its inner wall bent at a right angle to form a mounting base surface facing the fluid flow direction and perpendicular to the fluid flow direction, and the high power density UVC-LED integrated light source is mounted on the mounting base surface.
According to a preferable scheme of the invention, the high-power-density UVC-LED integrated light source comprises a substrate and a plurality of UVC-LED chips arranged on the substrate, and the light-emitting wavelength of each UVC-LED chip is 200-280 nm.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the UVC-LED chip is one or a combination of an inorganic semiconductor UVC-LED chip and an organic semiconductor UVC-LED chip.
As a preferable scheme of the present invention, the inner wall of the fluid pipeline is provided with a reflective layer made of aluminum, molybdenum or magnesium oxide. The reflecting layer can be a plate layer structure or a coating structure, such as a coating structure, and the reflecting layer can be formed by coating the inner wall of the fluid pipeline by vacuum thermal evaporation film forming, vacuum sputtering film coating, electroplating or combined film coating. Like a slab structure, a plate made of aluminum, molybdenum or magnesium oxide is directly and fixedly arranged in the fluid pipeline to form a reflecting layer. After the reflecting layer is additionally arranged, UVC light emitted in the non-normal direction of the light-emitting surface of the high-power-density UVC-LED integrated light source can be reflected, and ultraviolet irradiance in the fluid pipeline is further increased.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the UVC-LED instantaneous disinfection and sterilization method provided by the invention is easy to realize, the position of the high-power-density UVC-LED integrated light source is scientifically set, the normal direction of the light-emitting surface of the UVC-LED integrated light source is the same as or/and opposite to the flow direction of fluid, the fluid can be ensured to be always positioned on the light-emitting surface of the high-power-density UVC-LED integrated light source in the flowing process, less high-power-density UVC-LED integrated light sources are arranged at the local position of the fluid pipeline, the fluid in the fluid pipeline can receive the maximum-intensity ultraviolet radiation for a longer time, the cost is reduced, the ultraviolet radiation time of the fluid is controlled within 3s in a matching manner, and the ultraviolet radiation dose received by the fluid is 1002Therefore, the aim of instantaneous high-efficiency disinfection and sterilization is fulfilled; the high-power-density UVC-LED integrated light source is positioned in the fluid pipeline, high-intensity ultraviolet rays can be limited in the fluid pipeline, the harm to the health and safety of a human body is small, and the use safety is ensured; the UVC-LED instantaneous disinfection and sterilization device provided by the invention is ingenious and reasonable in structural design, can realize the instantaneous disinfection and sterilization effect on fluid, is good in disinfection and sterilization effect and wide in application range, can be suitable for dynamic disinfection scenes of various fluids, such as an air circulation device, a central air conditioner and the like in an ultra-clean room, can be applied to disinfection in public places such as hospitals, hotels, markets, factories and office buildings, reduces the spread of infectious diseases to a certain extent, and is beneficial to wide popularization and application.
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and examples.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view 1 of the overall structure of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view 2 of the overall structure of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention 3.
Detailed Description
Example 1: referring to fig. 1, the UVC-LED instantaneous disinfection and sterilization device provided in this embodiment includes a fluid pipe 1, a reflective layer 2, and a light emitting surface, where ultraviolet irradiance is greater than 35mW/cm2High power density UVC-LED integrated light source 3.
The fluid pipe 1 is bent at 90 degrees integrally, so that the inner wall of the fluid pipe is bent at a right angle to form two mounting base surfaces perpendicular to the flow direction of the fluid, wherein one mounting base surface faces the incoming fluid, and the other mounting base surface faces the outgoing fluid. In other embodiments, the bending angle of the fluid conduit 1 may be selected from the range of 80 ° to 100 °. The high-power-density UVC-LED integrated light sources 3 are arranged on the two mounting base planes, so that the normal direction of the light-emitting surface of one high-power-density UVC-LED integrated light source 3 is the same as the flow direction of the fluid, and the normal direction of the light-emitting surface of the other high-power-density UVC-LED integrated light source 3 is opposite to the flow direction of the fluid. Through the matching of the two high-power-density UVC-LED integrated light sources 3, the fluid in the fluid pipeline 1 is always positioned on a normal line of a light emitting surface of the high-power-density UVC-LED integrated light source 3 in the processes of flowing in and flowing out, and the two high-power-density UVC-LED integrated light sources 3 are arranged at the local position of the fluid pipeline 1, so that the fluid can obtain the maximum-intensity ultraviolet radiation for a long time, and the disinfection and sterilization effects are greatly improved.
Specifically, the high-power-density UVC-LED integrated light source 3 comprises a substrate and a plurality of UVC-LED chips arranged on the substrate, wherein the light-emitting wavelength of each UVC-LED chip is 200-280 nm. The UVC-LED chip can be one or two of an inorganic semiconductor UVC-LED chip and an organic semiconductor UVC-LED chip.
The reflective layer 2 is arranged on the inner wall of the fluid conduit 1. In this embodiment, the reflective layer 2 is preferably a highly reflective aluminum coating, and may be prepared by coating the inner wall of the fluid conduit 1 by vacuum thermal evaporation, vacuum sputtering, electroplating or a combination thereof, and the UVC ultraviolet reflectivity is 70-99%. In other embodiments, the reflective layer 2 may be a laminated structure, such as a plate made of aluminum, molybdenum or magnesium oxide, and the plate is fixed on the inner wall of the fluid conduit 1 by gluing or the like to form the reflective layer 2.
During working, during disinfection and sterilization, fluid is introduced into the fluid pipeline 1, the fluid can be always positioned on a normal line of a light emitting surface of the high-power-density UVC-LED integrated light source 3 in the flowing process, the fluid in the fluid pipeline 1 can obtain maximum-intensity ultraviolet radiation for a long time, meanwhile, the fluid receives the ultraviolet radiation time of the high-power-density UVC-LED integrated light source 3 for 0.1-3 s by controlling the flow rate of the fluid in the fluid pipeline 1, and the ultraviolet radiation dose is larger than 100mJ/cm2Thus achieving the purpose of instantaneous high-efficiency disinfection and sterilization. The inactivation rate of pathogenic bacteria is related to the ultraviolet radiation dose, when the ultraviolet radiation dose is more than 35mJ/cm2When the method is used, most of bacteria and viruses are killed; when the radiation dose is increased to 100mJ/cm2In addition, spore fungi and special bacteria can be killed, and the inactivation rate can reach 99.9%. The invention scientifically increases the ultraviolet radiation dose to be more than 100mJ/cm2The sterilization device can kill most of bacteria, viruses and fungi at one time, and has more comprehensive sterilization and better effect.
In addition, the high-power-density UVC-LED integrated light source 3 is positioned in the fluid pipeline 1, so that high-intensity ultraviolet rays can be limited in the fluid pipeline 1, the harm to the health safety of human bodies is small, and the use is safe. Compared with the technical scheme that the ultraviolet light source is arranged outside the fluid pipeline, the fluid pipeline 1 is not required to have higher ultraviolet transmittance, and the material cost is low.
Example 2: referring to fig. 2, the UVC-LED instantaneous disinfection and sterilization device provided in this embodiment includes a fluid pipe 1, a reflective layer 2, and a light emitting surface, where ultraviolet irradiance is greater than 35mW/cm2High power density UVC-LED integrated light source 3. It is substantially the same in structure as in example 1, except that the fluidThe pipeline 1 is provided with a plurality of right-angle bending parts, and each right-angle bending part enables the inner wall of the right-angle bending part to be bent at a right angle to form two installation base surfaces. I.e. one mounting base facing the incoming fluid and the other facing the outgoing fluid. Each right-angle bending part can be provided with two high-power-density UVC-LED integrated light sources 3, and the number of the high-power-density UVC-LED integrated light sources is correspondingly increased along with the increase of the number of the right-angle bending parts, so that the disinfection and sterilization effects can be improved. In the actual use process, the number of the right-angle bending parts of the fluid pipeline 1 can be correspondingly set according to the required disinfection and sterilization effect.
Example 3: referring to fig. 3, the UVC-LED instantaneous disinfection and sterilization device provided in this embodiment includes a fluid pipe 1, a reflective layer 2, and a light emitting surface, where ultraviolet irradiance is greater than 35mW/cm2High power density UVC-LED integrated light source 3. The structure of the fluid pipe 1 is substantially the same as that of embodiment 1, except that the fluid pipe 1 is in a folded structure, and two right-angle folded parts are formed, so that the inlet and the outlet of the fluid pipe 1 are both in the same side position. A high-power-density UVC-LED integrated light source 3 is arranged on the inner wall connected with the two right-angle bending parts; therefore, no matter the fluid flowing in or out can be on the normal of the light emitting surface of the high-power-density UVC-LED integrated light source 3, the fact that the high-power-density UVC-LED integrated light source 3 is arranged at the local position of the fluid pipeline 1 is achieved, the fluid in the fluid pipeline 1 can be guaranteed to obtain the maximum-intensity ultraviolet radiation for a long time, the disinfection and sterilization effects are guaranteed, and meanwhile cost is further saved.
Variations and modifications to the above-described embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art, which fall within the scope and spirit of the above description. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed and described above, and some modifications and variations of the present invention should fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention. Furthermore, although specific terms are employed herein, they are used in a generic and descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation. Other methods and devices, which may be made using the same or similar steps as those described in the above embodiments of the invention, are within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. The UVC-LED instantaneous disinfection and sterilization method is characterized in that a high-power-density UVC-LED integrated light source with the normal direction of a light-emitting surface being the same as or/and opposite to the flow direction of fluid in a fluid pipeline is arranged in the fluid pipeline, the fluid in the fluid pipeline is always positioned on the light-emitting surface normal line of the high-power-density UVC-LED integrated light source in the flowing process, the ultraviolet irradiation time of the fluid receiving the high-power-density UVC-LED integrated light source is 0.1-3 s by controlling the flow speed of the fluid in the fluid pipeline, and the ultraviolet irradiation dose is larger than 100mJ/cm2So as to realize the purpose of instant disinfection and sterilization.
2. The UVC-LED instantaneous sterilization method according to claim 1, wherein the fluid pipe is bent such that an inner wall thereof is bent to form a mounting base perpendicular to the fluid flow direction, and the high power density UVC-LED integrated light source is mounted on the mounting base.
3. The UVC-LED instantaneous disinfection and sterilization method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the high-power-density UVC-LED integrated light source comprises a substrate and a plurality of UVC-LED chips arranged on the substrate, and the emission wavelength of the UVC-LED chips is 200-280 nm.
4. The UVC-LED instantaneous sterilization method according to claim 1, wherein a reflective layer is formed by coating the inner wall of the fluid pipeline by vacuum thermal evaporation film formation, vacuum sputtering film coating, electroplating or combined film coating.
5. The UVC-LED instant disinfection and sterilization method of claim 1, wherein a reflective layer is formed by a plate made of aluminum, molybdenum or magnesium oxide material disposed in the fluid conduit.
6. A UVC-LED instantaneous disinfection and sterilization device comprises a fluid pipeline which isCharacterized in that the ultraviolet irradiance of the light-emitting surface is more than 35mW/cm2The high-power-density UVC-LED integrated light source is characterized in that a mounting base plane perpendicular to the flowing direction of fluid in the fluid pipeline is arranged in the fluid pipeline, the high-power-density UVC-LED integrated light source is arranged on the mounting base plane, and the normal direction of the light-emitting surface of the high-power-density UVC-LED integrated light source is the same as or/and opposite to the flowing direction of the fluid.
7. The UVC-LED instantaneous sterilizer of claim 6, wherein said mounting base is formed by bending an inner wall of said fluid pipe, and the mounting base faces are opposite to and perpendicular to the direction of the fluid flow.
8. The UVC-LED instantaneous disinfection and sterilization device of claim 6, wherein the high power density UVC-LED integrated light source comprises a substrate and a plurality of UVC-LED chips arranged on the substrate, and the emission wavelength of the UVC-LED chips is 200-280 nm.
9. The UVC-LED instantaneous sterilization device of claim 8, wherein said UVC-LED chip is one or two combination of an inorganic semiconductor UVC-LED chip and an organic semiconductor UVC-LED chip.
10. A UVC-LED instantaneous disinfection and sterilization device according to any one of claims 6 to 9, characterized in that the inner wall of said fluid conduit is provided with a reflective layer.
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WO2022147878A1 (en) * | 2021-01-11 | 2022-07-14 | 佛山科学技术学院 | Collimation-type water disinfection and purification apparatus |
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WO2022147878A1 (en) * | 2021-01-11 | 2022-07-14 | 佛山科学技术学院 | Collimation-type water disinfection and purification apparatus |
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