CN111740767A - An Antenna Selection Method for Sidelobe Canceller Auxiliary Channel Based on Beam Pattern - Google Patents

An Antenna Selection Method for Sidelobe Canceller Auxiliary Channel Based on Beam Pattern Download PDF

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CN111740767A
CN111740767A CN202010793123.0A CN202010793123A CN111740767A CN 111740767 A CN111740767 A CN 111740767A CN 202010793123 A CN202010793123 A CN 202010793123A CN 111740767 A CN111740767 A CN 111740767A
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王向荣
翟唯童
王向华
曹先彬
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Beihang University
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Abstract

The invention discloses a method for selecting an auxiliary channel antenna of a side lobe canceller based on a beam directional diagram, which comprises the steps of selecting the position of the auxiliary channel antenna taking a single array element as a unit, firstly forming a main channel directional diagram by a conventional beam, and calculating the height of the main channel directional diagram in an interference direction; designing an auxiliary channel directional diagram according to a minimum power criterion, wherein the auxiliary channel directional diagram is as high as the main channel directional diagram in the interference direction; and calculating the superposition directional diagrams of the two channels, finding the relation between the main lobe distortion of the directional diagram of the main channel caused by the auxiliary channel and the antenna position selected by the auxiliary channel, and selecting the optimal antenna position of the auxiliary channel according to the minimum principle of the main lobe distortion. The method can be used for selecting the antenna of the auxiliary channel of the sidelobe canceller in any array, realizes the cancellation of interference signals from the angle of a directional diagram, simultaneously ensures that expected signals are not weakened due to the introduction of the auxiliary channel, and is a widely applicable antenna selection method for the auxiliary channel of the sidelobe canceller.

Description

一种基于波束方向图的旁瓣对消器辅助通道天线选择方法An Antenna Selection Method for Sidelobe Canceller Auxiliary Channel Based on Beam Pattern

技术领域technical field

本发明属于阵列信号处理技术领域，尤其涉及一种基于波束方向图的旁瓣对消器辅助通道天线选择方法。The invention belongs to the technical field of array signal processing, and in particular relates to a side lobe canceller auxiliary channel antenna selection method based on a beam pattern.

背景技术Background technique

阵列接受到的信号通常由期望信号、干扰信号与噪声组成，如何消除接收信号中的干扰与噪声部分，设计最优波束形成器，一直是阵列信号处理的热点。 传统的方法已有最小方差无畸变响应（MVDR）波束形成器、最小功率无畸变响应（MPDR）波束形成器等等，这些方法都需要对全部阵元接受信号的相关矩阵进行求逆操作，其运算复杂度较高。这在实际应用时，有时会对实时性产生影响。The signal received by the array is usually composed of desired signal, interference signal and noise. How to eliminate the interference and noise in the received signal and design the optimal beamformer has always been the focus of array signal processing. The traditional methods include minimum variance distortion-free response (MVDR) beamformer, minimum power distortion-free response (MPDR) beamformer, etc. These methods all require the inversion of the correlation matrix of all the received signals of the array elements, which The computational complexity is high. This sometimes affects the real-time performance in practical applications.

为了降低运算量，旁瓣对消器是一种有效的解决方法。旁瓣对消器是一种常用的空域抗干扰手段，其抗干扰原理是主通道天线与辅助通道天线均接受到带有干扰的信号，选择最佳权值使辅助天线的干扰输出尽可能接近主通道，从而抵消主通道的干扰。旁瓣对消器通常选择一部分阵元组成辅助通道，在运算过程中只需要对辅助通道部分的阵元接收信号的相关矩阵进行求逆，相较于传统的方法，大大降低了运算复杂度。现有的旁瓣对消方法大都是采用最小输出功率的方法，使主通道与辅助通道的输出差的功率最小，从而实现干扰信号的对消。但在实际应用中，在消除干扰的同时，目标信号也被部分抵消，这一定程度上影响了旁瓣对消器的性能。如何降低辅助通道对期望信号的削弱，成为影响旁瓣对消器性能的重要因素。In order to reduce the computational complexity, the sidelobe canceller is an effective solution. Sidelobe canceller is a commonly used airspace anti-jamming method. The anti-jamming principle is that both the main channel antenna and the auxiliary channel antenna receive signals with interference, and the optimal weight is selected to make the interference output of the auxiliary antenna as close as possible. main channel, thereby canceling the interference of the main channel. The sidelobe canceller usually selects a part of the array elements to form the auxiliary channel, and only needs to invert the correlation matrix of the received signal of the auxiliary channel part of the array elements during the operation, which greatly reduces the computational complexity compared with the traditional method. Most of the existing sidelobe cancellation methods adopt the method of minimum output power, so as to minimize the power of the output difference between the main channel and the auxiliary channel, so as to realize the cancellation of the interference signal. However, in practical applications, the target signal is partially canceled while eliminating the interference, which affects the performance of the sidelobe canceller to a certain extent. How to reduce the weakening of the desired signal by the auxiliary channel becomes an important factor affecting the performance of the sidelobe canceller.

传统的旁瓣对消器，通常是给定辅助通道与主通道，优化权重实现对消。实际应用中，不同的辅助通道位置对旁瓣对消器的性能影响也是显著的。In traditional sidelobe cancellers, the auxiliary channel and the main channel are usually given, and the weights are optimized to realize the cancellation. In practical applications, different auxiliary channel positions have a significant impact on the performance of the sidelobe canceller.

发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

为了解决上述已有技术存在的不足，基于实际中旁瓣对消器对期望信号最大化保留与辅助通道位置最优化的需求，本发明采用任意线阵或者平面阵列，提出一种基于波束方向图的旁瓣对消器辅助通道天线选择方法，本发明的具体技术方案如下：In order to solve the above-mentioned deficiencies of the prior art, based on the practical requirements of the sidelobe canceller for maximizing the retention of the desired signal and optimizing the position of the auxiliary channel, the present invention adopts any linear array or plane array, and proposes a beam pattern based on The side lobe canceller auxiliary channel antenna selection method, the specific technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:

一种基于波束方向图的旁瓣对消器辅助通道天线选择方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：A beam pattern-based sidelobe canceller auxiliary channel antenna selection method, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:

S1：获得主通道波束方向图，计算其在干扰方向的幅值；S1: Obtain the beam pattern of the main channel, and calculate its amplitude in the interference direction;

S2：计算辅助通道波束方向图约束条件，辅助通道在干扰方向的幅值与主通道对应方向上的幅值相同；S2: Calculate the constraint condition of the beam pattern of the auxiliary channel, and the amplitude of the auxiliary channel in the interference direction is the same as the amplitude in the corresponding direction of the main channel;

S3：依据最小输出功率准则并结合步骤S2的辅助通道波束方向图约束条件设计辅助通道方向图，得到对应的权重矢量；S3: Design an auxiliary channel pattern according to the minimum output power criterion and in combination with the auxiliary channel beam pattern constraint condition in step S2, and obtain a corresponding weight vector;

S4：计算旁瓣对消器的主瓣畸变，得到主瓣畸变与辅助通道天线位置的关系；S4: Calculate the main lobe distortion of the side lobe canceller, and obtain the relationship between the main lobe distortion and the position of the auxiliary channel antenna;

S5：选取使得主瓣畸变最小的天线位置作为最优的辅助通道天线位置。S5: Select the antenna position that minimizes the distortion of the main lobe as the optimal auxiliary channel antenna position.

进一步地，对于以单个阵元为单位的辅助通道天线位置选择，所述步骤S1的具体过程为：Further, for the selection of the auxiliary channel antenna position with a single array element as the unit, the specific process of the step S1 is:

设旁瓣对消器接收信号由期望信号、K个干扰与噪声组成，噪声为零均值高斯白噪声，接收天线阵共有M个阵元，选取N个阵元组成辅助通道，Suppose the received signal of the sidelobe canceller is composed of the desired signal, K interferences and noise, the noise is zero mean Gaussian white noise, the receiving antenna array has M elements, and N elements are selected to form the auxiliary channel,

主通道的输出

Figure 818937DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
，其中，
Figure 302264DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
为主通道指向期望信号的阵列导向矢量，
Figure 841830DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
为主通道阵元接收到的噪声矢量；
Figure 691974DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
为主通道指向K个干扰的阵列导向矢量组成的矩阵，
Figure 266175DEST_PATH_IMAGE005
为指向第i个干扰的阵列导向矢量，i=1,2,…,K；
Figure 418939DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
为t时刻接收到的K个干扰信号组成的列向量；main channel output
Figure 818937DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
,in,
Figure 302264DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
is the array steering vector pointing the main channel to the desired signal,
Figure 841830DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
The noise vector received by the main channel array element;
Figure 691974DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
is a matrix composed of array steering vectors pointing to K interferers for the main channel,
Figure 266175DEST_PATH_IMAGE005
is the array steering vector pointing to the i-th interference, i=1,2,…,K;
Figure 418939DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
is a column vector composed of K interference signals received at time t;

辅助通道的输出

Figure 711380DEST_PATH_IMAGE007
，其中，
Figure 99636DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
为列向量，每一元素分别代表对应位置辅助通道阵元接收到的信号；
Figure 466026DEST_PATH_IMAGE009
为辅助通道阵元接收到的噪声矢量，
Figure 852008DEST_PATH_IMAGE010
为辅助通道指向K个干扰的阵列导向矢量组成的矩阵，
Figure 428483DEST_PATH_IMAGE011
为指向第i个干扰的阵列导向矢量，i=1,2,…,K；Auxiliary channel output
Figure 711380DEST_PATH_IMAGE007
,in,
Figure 99636DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
is a column vector, and each element represents the signal received by the auxiliary channel array element at the corresponding position;
Figure 466026DEST_PATH_IMAGE009
is the noise vector received by the auxiliary channel element,
Figure 852008DEST_PATH_IMAGE010
is a matrix composed of array steering vectors pointing to K interferers for the auxiliary channel,
Figure 428483DEST_PATH_IMAGE011
is the array steering vector pointing to the i-th interference, i=1,2,…,K;

主通道波束方向图由主通道的全部阵元常规波束形成得到，记作

Figure 558113DEST_PATH_IMAGE012
，
Figure 44589DEST_PATH_IMAGE013
为入射方向与XOY平面的夹角，
Figure 601473DEST_PATH_IMAGE014
为入射方向在XOY平面上的投影与X轴的夹角，
Figure 665244DEST_PATH_IMAGE015
在K个干扰方向上的高度分别为
Figure 598565DEST_PATH_IMAGE016
，其中，
Figure 438082DEST_PATH_IMAGE017
分别为第i个干扰球坐标下的空间入射角度。The beam pattern of the main channel is obtained by the conventional beam forming of all the array elements of the main channel, denoted as
Figure 558113DEST_PATH_IMAGE012
,
Figure 44589DEST_PATH_IMAGE013
is the angle between the incident direction and the XOY plane,
Figure 601473DEST_PATH_IMAGE014
is the angle between the projection of the incident direction on the XOY plane and the X axis,
Figure 665244DEST_PATH_IMAGE015
The heights in the K interference directions are
Figure 598565DEST_PATH_IMAGE016
,in,
Figure 438082DEST_PATH_IMAGE017
are the spatial incidence angles under the coordinates of the ith interference sphere, respectively.

进一步地，对于以单个阵元为单位的辅助通道天线位置选择，所述步骤S2的具体过程为：Further, for the selection of the auxiliary channel antenna position with a single array element as the unit, the specific process of the step S2 is:

辅助通道波束方向图

Figure 165867DEST_PATH_IMAGE018
，其中，
Figure 716934DEST_PATH_IMAGE019
为权重矢量，
Figure 453946DEST_PATH_IMAGE020
为
Figure 383856DEST_PATH_IMAGE021
的共轭转置，
Figure 344859DEST_PATH_IMAGE022
为辅助通道阵列导向矢量，为实现消除干扰，需
Figure 320905DEST_PATH_IMAGE023
，得到K个干扰的K个约束条件，写成矩阵的形式得到总的约束条件
Figure 533711DEST_PATH_IMAGE024
，记
Figure 646024DEST_PATH_IMAGE025
，则约束条件写为
Figure 43507DEST_PATH_IMAGE026
。Auxiliary Channel Beam Pattern
Figure 165867DEST_PATH_IMAGE018
,in,
Figure 716934DEST_PATH_IMAGE019
is the weight vector,
Figure 453946DEST_PATH_IMAGE020
for
Figure 383856DEST_PATH_IMAGE021
The conjugate transpose of ,
Figure 344859DEST_PATH_IMAGE022
For the auxiliary channel array steering vector, in order to eliminate interference, it is necessary to
Figure 320905DEST_PATH_IMAGE023
, get the K constraints of the K interference, and write it in the form of a matrix to get the total constraints
Figure 533711DEST_PATH_IMAGE024
,remember
Figure 646024DEST_PATH_IMAGE025
, then the constraints are written as
Figure 43507DEST_PATH_IMAGE026
.

进一步地，对于以单个阵元为单位的辅助通道天线位置选择，所述步骤S3的具体过程为：Further, for the selection of the auxiliary channel antenna position with a single array element as the unit, the specific process of the step S3 is:

结合步骤S2得到的约束条件，根据最小输出功率准则设计辅助通道方向图，得到此时辅助通道天线位置对应的最优权重；Combined with the constraints obtained in step S2, design the auxiliary channel pattern according to the minimum output power criterion, and obtain the optimal weight corresponding to the antenna position of the auxiliary channel at this time;

辅助通道的输出功率为

Figure 241270DEST_PATH_IMAGE027
，其中，
Figure 257768DEST_PATH_IMAGE028
为辅助通道接收信号的自相关矩阵，E表示求期望运算，
Figure 224587DEST_PATH_IMAGE029
为噪声功率，
Figure 792971DEST_PATH_IMAGE030
为
Figure 478031DEST_PATH_IMAGE031
单位阵，
Figure 268526DEST_PATH_IMAGE032
为由K个干扰的功率组成对角矩阵；求辅助通道最优权重的过程写为优化问题：The output power of the auxiliary channel is
Figure 241270DEST_PATH_IMAGE027
,in,
Figure 257768DEST_PATH_IMAGE028
is the autocorrelation matrix of the received signal of the auxiliary channel, E represents the expectation operation,
Figure 224587DEST_PATH_IMAGE029
is the noise power,
Figure 792971DEST_PATH_IMAGE030
for
Figure 478031DEST_PATH_IMAGE031
unit array,
Figure 268526DEST_PATH_IMAGE032
is a diagonal matrix composed of the powers of K interferences; the process of finding the optimal weight of the auxiliary channel is written as an optimization problem:

Figure 621010DEST_PATH_IMAGE033
Figure 621010DEST_PATH_IMAGE033

应用拉格朗日乘子法得到最优权重的表达式

Figure 360295DEST_PATH_IMAGE034
，应用矩阵求逆引理得到
Figure 532651DEST_PATH_IMAGE035
，其中，定义
Figure 890951DEST_PATH_IMAGE036
，再次应用矩阵求逆引理求出
Figure 832362DEST_PATH_IMAGE037
，得到最优权重与由辅助通道天线位置决定的导向矢量矩阵
Figure 476970DEST_PATH_IMAGE038
的关系，
Figure 74305DEST_PATH_IMAGE039
。Applying Lagrange multipliers to get the expression of optimal weights
Figure 360295DEST_PATH_IMAGE034
, applying the matrix inversion lemma to get
Figure 532651DEST_PATH_IMAGE035
, which defines
Figure 890951DEST_PATH_IMAGE036
, again applying the matrix inversion lemma to find
Figure 832362DEST_PATH_IMAGE037
, get the optimal weight and the steering vector matrix determined by the antenna position of the auxiliary channel
Figure 476970DEST_PATH_IMAGE038
Relationship,
Figure 74305DEST_PATH_IMAGE039
.

进一步地，对于以单个阵元为单位的辅助通道天线位置选择，所述步骤S4的具体过程为：Further, for the selection of the auxiliary channel antenna position with a single array element as the unit, the specific process of the step S4 is:

定义主瓣畸变为辅助通道的引入使得旁瓣对消器总的方向图在期望信号方向上产生的畸变，由于主瓣畸变后总方向图在期望信号处的幅值为D，

Figure 33033DEST_PATH_IMAGE040
为主通道方向图期望信号方向幅值，
Figure 156847DEST_PATH_IMAGE041
为辅助通道期方向图望信号方向幅值，为了期望信号最大限度的保留，则要求主瓣畸变最小，即D的值最大，由步骤S3得出的最优权重矢量得到
Figure 910040DEST_PATH_IMAGE042
。The main lobe distortion is defined as the introduction of the auxiliary channel to make the side lobe canceller's overall pattern distorted in the direction of the desired signal. Since the main lobe is distorted, the magnitude of the overall pattern at the desired signal is D ,
Figure 33033DEST_PATH_IMAGE040
is the amplitude of the desired signal direction of the main channel pattern,
Figure 156847DEST_PATH_IMAGE041
For the direction of the auxiliary channel, the direction and amplitude of the signal are expected. In order to maximize the retention of the desired signal, the main lobe distortion is required to be the smallest, that is, the value of D is the largest. The optimal weight vector obtained in step S3 is obtained.
Figure 910040DEST_PATH_IMAGE042
.

进一步地，对于以单个阵元为单位的辅助通道天线位置选择，所述步骤S5的具体过程为：Further, for the selection of the auxiliary channel antenna position with a single array element as the unit, the specific process of the step S5 is:

由步骤S4知道，要求主瓣畸变最小，等价于求

Figure 994670DEST_PATH_IMAGE043
的最小值；It is known from step S4 that the main lobe distortion is required to be the smallest, which is equivalent to seeking
Figure 994670DEST_PATH_IMAGE043
the minimum value of ;

定义一个天线选择向量

Figure 757090DEST_PATH_IMAGE044
，
Figure 735410DEST_PATH_IMAGE045
为一个
Figure 925083DEST_PATH_IMAGE046
维的向量，分别表示辅助通道对全部M个阵元的选择情况，元素全部由0和1组成，0表示辅助通道不选择该阵元，1表示辅助通道选择该位置阵元；定义两个矩阵，
Figure 729966DEST_PATH_IMAGE047
为全部M个阵元在K个干扰方向上导向矢量组成的矩阵；
Figure 30497DEST_PATH_IMAGE048
为全部M个阵元在期望信号方向上的导向矢量；由辅助通道天线位置决定的矩阵
Figure 128903DEST_PATH_IMAGE049
之间的关系为：define an antenna selection vector
Figure 757090DEST_PATH_IMAGE044
,
Figure 735410DEST_PATH_IMAGE045
for one
Figure 925083DEST_PATH_IMAGE046
Dimensional vector, representing the selection of all M array elements by the auxiliary channel respectively, the elements are all composed of 0 and 1, 0 means that the auxiliary channel does not select this array element, 1 means that the auxiliary channel selects the position array element; define two matrices ,
Figure 729966DEST_PATH_IMAGE047
is a matrix composed of steering vectors of all M array elements in K interference directions;
Figure 30497DEST_PATH_IMAGE048
is the steering vector of all M array elements in the direction of the desired signal; the matrix determined by the antenna position of the auxiliary channel
Figure 128903DEST_PATH_IMAGE049
The relationship between is:

Figure 489477DEST_PATH_IMAGE050
Figure 489477DEST_PATH_IMAGE050

则选取使得主瓣畸变最小的天线位置作为最优的辅助通道天线位置描述为优化问题：Then select the antenna position that minimizes the main lobe distortion as the optimal auxiliary channel antenna position to describe the optimization problem:

Figure 283121DEST_PATH_IMAGE051
Figure 283121DEST_PATH_IMAGE051

求解上述优化问题得到的天线位置即为使得旁瓣对消器总方向图主瓣畸变最小的辅助通道天线位置。The antenna position obtained by solving the above optimization problem is the auxiliary channel antenna position that minimizes the main lobe distortion of the sidelobe canceller general pattern.

进一步地，对于以子阵为单位的辅助通道天线位置选择，所述步骤S1中先对每个子阵进行波束形成，再对每个子阵的输出进行均匀加权波束形成得到主通道波束方向图，具体过程为：Further, for the auxiliary channel antenna position selection in the unit of sub-array, in the step S1, first perform beamforming on each sub-array, and then perform uniformly weighted beam-forming on the output of each sub-array to obtain the main channel beam pattern. Specifically, The process is:

设旁瓣对消器接收信号由期望信号、K个干扰与噪声组成，噪声为零均值高斯白噪声，接收天线阵由N个子阵组成，每个子阵有C个阵元，接收天线共有M个阵元

Figure 184081DEST_PATH_IMAGE052
，选取L个子阵组成辅助通道；Suppose the received signal of the sidelobe canceller is composed of the desired signal, K interferences and noises, the noise is zero mean Gaussian white noise, the receiving antenna array is composed of N sub-arrays, each sub-array has C elements, and there are M receiving antennas in total array element
Figure 184081DEST_PATH_IMAGE052
, select L sub-arrays to form auxiliary channels;

首先，每个子阵常规波束形成对接收信号进行加权，第p个子阵的输出为

Figure 74676DEST_PATH_IMAGE053
，其中，
Figure 543835DEST_PATH_IMAGE054
是第p个子阵指向期望信号的阵列导向矢量，
Figure 887092DEST_PATH_IMAGE055
为第p个子阵的阵元接收到的噪声矢量，
Figure 591743DEST_PATH_IMAGE056
是第p个子阵指向K个干扰的导向矢量组成的矩阵；
Figure 336845DEST_PATH_IMAGE057
分别为第p个子阵在每个干扰方向上的导向矢量，
Figure 976905DEST_PATH_IMAGE058
为t时刻接收到的K个干扰信号组成的列向量；First, each subarray conventional beamforming weights the received signal, and the output of the pth subarray is
Figure 74676DEST_PATH_IMAGE053
,in,
Figure 543835DEST_PATH_IMAGE054
is the array steering vector of the p-th subarray pointing to the desired signal,
Figure 887092DEST_PATH_IMAGE055
is the received noise vector for the element of the pth subarray,
Figure 591743DEST_PATH_IMAGE056
is the matrix composed of the steering vectors of the p-th sub-matrix pointing to the K interferences;
Figure 336845DEST_PATH_IMAGE057
are the steering vectors of the p-th subarray in each interference direction, respectively,
Figure 976905DEST_PATH_IMAGE058
is a column vector composed of K interference signals received at time t;

主通道的输出

Figure 807457DEST_PATH_IMAGE059
，辅助通道的输出为：main channel output
Figure 807457DEST_PATH_IMAGE059
, the output of the auxiliary channel is:

Figure 315799DEST_PATH_IMAGE060
Figure 315799DEST_PATH_IMAGE060

Figure 915408DEST_PATH_IMAGE061
Figure 915408DEST_PATH_IMAGE061

其中，

Figure 227834DEST_PATH_IMAGE062
为第
Figure 545682DEST_PATH_IMAGE063
个子阵指向期望信号的阵列导向矢量，
Figure 592136DEST_PATH_IMAGE064
为第
Figure 983934DEST_PATH_IMAGE065
个子阵的阵元接收到的噪声矢量，
Figure 28113DEST_PATH_IMAGE066
为第
Figure 895575DEST_PATH_IMAGE067
个子阵在对应干扰方向上的导向适量，in,
Figure 227834DEST_PATH_IMAGE062
for the first
Figure 545682DEST_PATH_IMAGE063
array steering vectors of the subarrays pointing to the desired signal,
Figure 592136DEST_PATH_IMAGE064
for the first
Figure 983934DEST_PATH_IMAGE065
The noise vector received by the elements of the subarrays,
Figure 28113DEST_PATH_IMAGE066
for the first
Figure 895575DEST_PATH_IMAGE067
The steering amount of each subarray in the corresponding interference direction,

Figure 683403DEST_PATH_IMAGE068
Figure 683403DEST_PATH_IMAGE068

Figure 195287DEST_PATH_IMAGE069
Figure 195287DEST_PATH_IMAGE069

定义

Figure 410367DEST_PATH_IMAGE070
，由辅助通道选择的子阵位置决定,主通道波束方向图由主通道的全部阵元常规波束形成得到，记作
Figure 765125DEST_PATH_IMAGE071
，
Figure 763168DEST_PATH_IMAGE072
在K个干扰方向上的高度分别为
Figure 191876DEST_PATH_IMAGE073
，
Figure 905754DEST_PATH_IMAGE074
，其中，
Figure 419912DEST_PATH_IMAGE075
分别为第i个干扰球坐标下的空间入射角度。definition
Figure 410367DEST_PATH_IMAGE070
, which is determined by the sub-array position selected by the auxiliary channel, and the beam pattern of the main channel is obtained by the conventional beam forming of all the array elements of the main channel, denoted as
Figure 765125DEST_PATH_IMAGE071
,
Figure 763168DEST_PATH_IMAGE072
The heights in the K interference directions are
Figure 191876DEST_PATH_IMAGE073
,
Figure 905754DEST_PATH_IMAGE074
,in,
Figure 419912DEST_PATH_IMAGE075
are the spatial incidence angles under the coordinates of the ith interference sphere, respectively.

进一步地，所述步骤S1中采用阵型为线阵或平面阵，天线位置以信源波长的一半即

Figure 985760DEST_PATH_IMAGE076
为单位，
Figure 534553DEST_PATH_IMAGE077
为信源波长。Further, the array used in the step S1 is a linear array or a plane array, and the antenna position is half the wavelength of the signal source.
Figure 985760DEST_PATH_IMAGE076
is the unit,
Figure 534553DEST_PATH_IMAGE077
is the source wavelength.

本发明的有益效果在于：The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

1.本发明从波束方向图的角度出发，能够实现任意线阵或者平面阵的干扰对消，同时极大程度降低了对期望信号的削弱，使得对消器总方向图在期望信号方向上有极好的方向性。1. From the perspective of the beam pattern, the present invention can realize the interference cancellation of any linear array or plane array, and at the same time greatly reduce the weakening of the desired signal, so that the general pattern of the canceller has the desired signal direction. Excellent directionality.

2．本发明打破了固定辅助通道的思维，设计了一种选择最优辅助通道位置的算法，可以在众多辅助通道位置选择中选择最优的情况，从位置上进行优化，使得旁瓣对消器对期望信号得到最大化的保留。2. The invention breaks the thinking of fixing auxiliary channels, and designs an algorithm for selecting the optimal auxiliary channel position, which can select the optimal situation among many auxiliary channel position selections, and optimize the position from the position, so that the side lobe canceller can The desired signal is maximally preserved.

附图说明Description of drawings

为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，通过参考附图会更加清楚的理解本发明的特征和优点，附图是示意性的而不应理解为对本发明进行任何限制，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。其中：In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the accompanying drawings required in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and the features and advantages of the present invention will be more clearly understood by referring to the drawings. , the accompanying drawings are schematic and should not be construed as any limitation to the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort. in:

图1为本发明适用于任意天线阵基于方向图的以单个阵元为单位的旁瓣对消器辅助通道阵元位置选择方法流程图；1 is a flow chart of a method for selecting the position of an auxiliary channel array element of a sidelobe canceller auxiliary channel with a single array element as a unit, which is applicable to any antenna array based on a pattern;

图2为本发明适用于任意天线阵基于方向图的以子阵为单位的旁瓣对消器辅助通道子阵位置选择方法流程图；2 is a flow chart of a method for selecting a sub-array position of a sidelobe canceller auxiliary channel with sub-array as a unit that is applicable to any antenna array based on a pattern;

图3为16阵元线阵辅助通道最优位置示意图；Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the optimal position of the 16-element linear array auxiliary channel;

图4（a）为16天线线阵两干扰下旁瓣对消器主通道、辅助通道与总方向图示意图；Figure 4(a) is a schematic diagram of the main channel, auxiliary channel and general pattern of the sidelobe canceller under two interferences of the 16-antenna linear array;

图4（b）为16天线线阵两干扰下旁瓣对消器主通道波束方向图；Figure 4(b) is the beam pattern of the main channel of the sidelobe canceller under two interferences of the 16-antenna linear array;

图4（c）为16天线线阵两干扰下旁瓣对消器辅助通道波束方向图；Figure 4(c) is the beam pattern of the auxiliary channel of the sidelobe canceller under two interferences of the 16-antenna linear array;

图4（d）为16天线线阵两干扰下旁瓣对消器合成方向图；Figure 4(d) is the combined pattern of the sidelobe canceller under the two interferences of the 16-antenna linear array;

图5为16阵元线阵辅助通道最优位置示意图；Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the optimal position of the 16-element linear array auxiliary channel;

图6（a）为16天线线阵三干扰下旁瓣对消器主通道、辅助通道与总方向图示意图；Figure 6(a) is a schematic diagram of the main channel, auxiliary channel and general pattern of the sidelobe canceller under three interferences of the 16-antenna linear array;

图6（b）为16天线线阵三干扰下旁瓣对消器主通道波束方向图；Figure 6(b) is the beam pattern of the main channel of the sidelobe canceller under the three interferences of the 16-antenna linear array;

图6（c）为16天线线阵三干扰下旁瓣对消器辅助通道波束方向图；Figure 6(c) is the beam pattern of the auxiliary channel of the sidelobe canceller under the three interferences of the 16-antenna linear array;

图6（d）为16天线线阵三干扰下旁瓣对消器合成方向图；Figure 6(d) is the synthetic pattern of the sidelobe canceller under three interferences of the 16-antenna linear array;

图7为8子阵，每个子阵3阵元线阵辅助通道子阵选择示意图；Fig. 7 is 8 sub-arrays, each sub-array 3 array element linear array auxiliary channel sub-array selection schematic diagram;

图8（a）为8子阵线阵三干扰下旁瓣对消器主通道、辅助通道与总方向图示意图；Figure 8(a) is a schematic diagram of the main channel, the auxiliary channel and the general pattern of the sidelobe canceller under the triple interference of the 8-sub-array linear array;

图8（b）为8子阵线阵三干扰下旁瓣对消器主通道波束方向图；Figure 8(b) is the beam pattern of the main channel of the sidelobe canceller under the triple interference of the 8-sub-array array;

图8（c）为8子阵线阵三干扰下旁瓣对消器辅助通道波束方向图；Figure 8(c) is the beam pattern of the auxiliary channel of the sidelobe canceller under three interferences of the 8-sub-array array;

图8（d）为8子阵线阵三干扰下旁瓣对消器合成方向图；Figure 8(d) is the synthetic pattern of the sidelobe canceller under the triple interference of the 8-sub-array array;

图9为16阵元线阵两干扰下以阵元为单位选取时最优位置与随机其他三个位置输入信噪比与输出信干噪比关系图；Figure 9 is a graph showing the relationship between the input signal-to-noise ratio and the output signal-to-interference-noise ratio between the optimal position and the random other three positions when two interferences of a 16-element linear array are selected in units of array elements;

图10为8子阵两干扰下以子阵为单位选取时最优位置与随机其他三个位置输入信噪比与输出信干噪比关系图。Figure 10 is a graph showing the relationship between the input signal-to-noise ratio and the output signal-to-interference-noise ratio between the optimal position and the random other three positions when the sub-array is selected under two interferences of 8 sub-arrays.

具体实施方式Detailed ways

为了能够更清楚地理解本发明的上述目的、特征和优点，下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明进行进一步的详细描述。需要说明的是，在不冲突的情况下，本发明的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。In order to understand the above objects, features and advantages of the present invention more clearly, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be noted that the embodiments of the present invention and the features in the embodiments may be combined with each other under the condition of no conflict.

在下面的描述中阐述了很多具体细节以便于充分理解本发明，但是，本发明还可以采用其他不同于在此描述的其他方式来实施，因此，本发明的保护范围并不受下面公开的具体实施例的限制。Many specific details are set forth in the following description to facilitate a full understanding of the present invention. However, the present invention can also be implemented in other ways different from those described herein. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention is not limited by the specific details disclosed below. Example limitations.

本发明基于波束方向图设计辅助通道，在实现干扰信号抵消的前提下，极大的降低了辅助通道对期望信号的削弱；同时，设计了一套辅助通道天线选择算法，可以选择出最优的辅助通道天线位置，不仅实现了性能的优化，同时实现了位置的最优化。The invention designs the auxiliary channel based on the beam pattern, and greatly reduces the weakening of the desired signal by the auxiliary channel on the premise of realizing the cancellation of the interference signal; at the same time, a set of auxiliary channel antenna selection algorithm is designed, which can select the optimal one. The auxiliary channel antenna position not only achieves the optimization of performance, but also the optimization of the position.

如图1-2所示，一种基于波束方向图的旁瓣对消器辅助通道天线选择方法，对于以子阵为单位的辅助通道天线位置选择，As shown in Figure 1-2, a sidelobe canceller auxiliary channel antenna selection method based on the beam pattern, for the auxiliary channel antenna position selection in sub-array units,

步骤S1中先对每个子阵进行波束形成，再对每个子阵的输出进行均匀加权波束形成得到主通道波束方向图，具体过程为：In step S1, beamforming is first performed on each sub-array, and then the output of each sub-array is uniformly weighted beamforming to obtain the main channel beam pattern. The specific process is as follows:

设旁瓣对消器接收信号由期望信号、K个干扰与噪声组成，噪声为零均值高斯白噪声，接收天线阵由N个子阵组成，每个子阵有C个阵元，接收天线共有M个阵元

Figure 153753DEST_PATH_IMAGE078
，选取L个子阵组成辅助通道；Suppose the received signal of the sidelobe canceller is composed of the desired signal, K interferences and noises, the noise is zero mean Gaussian white noise, the receiving antenna array is composed of N sub-arrays, each sub-array has C elements, and there are M receiving antennas in total array element
Figure 153753DEST_PATH_IMAGE078
, select L sub-arrays to form auxiliary channels;

首先，每个子阵常规波束形成对接收信号进行加权，第p个子阵的输出为

Figure 155207DEST_PATH_IMAGE079
，其中，
Figure 760632DEST_PATH_IMAGE080
是第p个子阵指向期望信号的阵列导向矢量，
Figure 226248DEST_PATH_IMAGE081
为第p个子阵的阵元接收到的噪声矢量，
Figure 954033DEST_PATH_IMAGE082
是第p个子阵指向K个干扰的导向矢量组成的矩阵；
Figure 380466DEST_PATH_IMAGE083
分别为第p个子阵在每个干扰方向上的导向矢量，
Figure 851899DEST_PATH_IMAGE084
为t时刻接收到的K个干扰信号组成的列向量；First, each subarray conventional beamforming weights the received signal, and the output of the pth subarray is
Figure 155207DEST_PATH_IMAGE079
,in,
Figure 760632DEST_PATH_IMAGE080
is the array steering vector of the p-th subarray pointing to the desired signal,
Figure 226248DEST_PATH_IMAGE081
is the received noise vector for the element of the pth subarray,
Figure 954033DEST_PATH_IMAGE082
is the matrix composed of the steering vectors of the p-th sub-matrix pointing to the K interferences;
Figure 380466DEST_PATH_IMAGE083
are the steering vectors of the p-th subarray in each interference direction, respectively,
Figure 851899DEST_PATH_IMAGE084
is a column vector composed of K interference signals received at time t;

主通道的输出

Figure 172022DEST_PATH_IMAGE085
，辅助通道的输出为：main channel output
Figure 172022DEST_PATH_IMAGE085
, the output of the auxiliary channel is:

Figure 336287DEST_PATH_IMAGE086
Figure 336287DEST_PATH_IMAGE086

Figure 250016DEST_PATH_IMAGE087
，
Figure 250016DEST_PATH_IMAGE087
,

其中，

Figure 259561DEST_PATH_IMAGE088
in,
Figure 259561DEST_PATH_IMAGE088

Figure 434190DEST_PATH_IMAGE089
Figure 434190DEST_PATH_IMAGE089

Figure 954644DEST_PATH_IMAGE090
为第
Figure 417986DEST_PATH_IMAGE091
个子阵指向期望信号的阵列导向矢量，
Figure 293538DEST_PATH_IMAGE092
为第p个子阵的阵元接收到的噪声矢量，
Figure 525937DEST_PATH_IMAGE093
为第p个子阵在对应干扰方向上的导向适量，
Figure 969687DEST_PATH_IMAGE094
表示辅助通道第p个子阵在总共N个子阵中的次序；
Figure 954644DEST_PATH_IMAGE090
for the first
Figure 417986DEST_PATH_IMAGE091
array steering vectors of the subarrays pointing to the desired signal,
Figure 293538DEST_PATH_IMAGE092
is the received noise vector for the element of the pth subarray,
Figure 525937DEST_PATH_IMAGE093
is the steering amount of the p-th subarray in the corresponding interference direction,
Figure 969687DEST_PATH_IMAGE094
Indicates the order of the p-th sub-array of the auxiliary channel in a total of N sub-arrays;

定义

Figure 654747DEST_PATH_IMAGE095
，由辅助通道选择的子阵位置决定,主通道波束方向图由主通道的全部阵元常规波束形成得到，是天线位置选择用到的关键矩阵，记作
Figure 333990DEST_PATH_IMAGE096
，
Figure 420894DEST_PATH_IMAGE097
为入射方向与XOY平面的夹角，
Figure 35546DEST_PATH_IMAGE098
为入射方向在XOY平面上的投影与X轴的夹角，
Figure 207902DEST_PATH_IMAGE099
在K个干扰方向上的高度分别为
Figure 425256DEST_PATH_IMAGE100
，
Figure 632247DEST_PATH_IMAGE101
，其中，
Figure 417800DEST_PATH_IMAGE102
分别为第i个干扰球坐标下的空间入射角度。definition
Figure 654747DEST_PATH_IMAGE095
, which is determined by the sub-array position selected by the auxiliary channel. The beam pattern of the main channel is obtained by the conventional beam forming of all the array elements of the main channel.
Figure 333990DEST_PATH_IMAGE096
,
Figure 420894DEST_PATH_IMAGE097
is the angle between the incident direction and the XOY plane,
Figure 35546DEST_PATH_IMAGE098
is the angle between the projection of the incident direction on the XOY plane and the X axis,
Figure 207902DEST_PATH_IMAGE099
The heights in the K interference directions are
Figure 425256DEST_PATH_IMAGE100
,
Figure 632247DEST_PATH_IMAGE101
,in,
Figure 417800DEST_PATH_IMAGE102
are the spatial incidence angles under the coordinates of the ith interference sphere, respectively.

步骤S2为计算辅助通道波束方向图的约束条件，辅助通道在干扰方向的幅值与主通道对应方向上的幅值相同，具体过程为：Step S2 is to calculate the constraint condition of the beam pattern of the auxiliary channel. The amplitude of the auxiliary channel in the interference direction is the same as the amplitude in the corresponding direction of the main channel. The specific process is as follows:

辅助通道波束方向图

Figure 77452DEST_PATH_IMAGE103
，其中，
Figure 98497DEST_PATH_IMAGE104
为权重矢量，
Figure 894415DEST_PATH_IMAGE105
为
Figure 349405DEST_PATH_IMAGE106
的共轭转置，分别对辅助通道L个子阵的输出进行加权，
Figure 496352DEST_PATH_IMAGE107
为辅助通道L个子阵中所有阵元的阵列导向矢量。Auxiliary Channel Beam Pattern
Figure 77452DEST_PATH_IMAGE103
,in,
Figure 98497DEST_PATH_IMAGE104
is the weight vector,
Figure 894415DEST_PATH_IMAGE105
for
Figure 349405DEST_PATH_IMAGE106
The conjugate transpose of , respectively weights the outputs of the L sub-arrays of the auxiliary channel,
Figure 496352DEST_PATH_IMAGE107
is the array steering vector of all array elements in the L subarrays of the auxiliary channel.

为实现消除干扰，需主通道方向图与辅助通道方向图在干扰方向上幅值相同，即

Figure 321089DEST_PATH_IMAGE108
，得到K个干扰的K个约束条件，写成矩阵的形式得到总的约束条件
Figure 237092DEST_PATH_IMAGE109
，记
Figure 98869DEST_PATH_IMAGE110
，则约束条件写为
Figure 529851DEST_PATH_IMAGE111
。In order to eliminate interference, it is required that the main channel pattern and the auxiliary channel pattern have the same amplitude in the interference direction, that is,
Figure 321089DEST_PATH_IMAGE108
, get the K constraints of the K interference, and write it in the form of a matrix to get the total constraints
Figure 237092DEST_PATH_IMAGE109
,remember
Figure 98869DEST_PATH_IMAGE110
, then the constraints are written as
Figure 529851DEST_PATH_IMAGE111
.

步骤S3为依据最小输出功率准则并结合约束条件设计辅助通道方向图，得到辅助通道每个子阵对应的权重矢量，具体过程为：Step S3 is to design an auxiliary channel pattern according to the minimum output power criterion and combined with constraints, and obtain a weight vector corresponding to each sub-array of the auxiliary channel. The specific process is as follows:

结合步骤S2得到的约束条件，根据最小输出功率的准则设计辅助通道方向图，得到此时辅助通道每个子阵对应的最优权重；Combined with the constraints obtained in step S2, the pattern of the auxiliary channel is designed according to the criterion of minimum output power, and the optimal weight corresponding to each sub-array of the auxiliary channel at this time is obtained;

辅助通道的输出功率为

Figure 830382DEST_PATH_IMAGE112
，其中，
Figure 804154DEST_PATH_IMAGE113
为辅助通道每个子阵输出信号的自相关矩阵，
Figure 899149DEST_PATH_IMAGE114
为每个子阵所含阵元的个数，
Figure 83006DEST_PATH_IMAGE115
维的单位矩阵；求辅助通道最优权重的过程写为优化问题：The output power of the auxiliary channel is
Figure 830382DEST_PATH_IMAGE112
,in,
Figure 804154DEST_PATH_IMAGE113
is the autocorrelation matrix of each sub-array output signal of the auxiliary channel,
Figure 899149DEST_PATH_IMAGE114
is the number of array elements contained in each subarray,
Figure 83006DEST_PATH_IMAGE115
dimensional identity matrix; the process of finding the optimal weight of the auxiliary channel is written as an optimization problem:

Figure 187228DEST_PATH_IMAGE116
Figure 187228DEST_PATH_IMAGE116

应用拉格朗日乘子法得到最优权重的表达式

Figure 749927DEST_PATH_IMAGE117
，应用矩阵求逆引理得到
Figure 281403DEST_PATH_IMAGE118
，其中，定义
Figure 686976DEST_PATH_IMAGE119
，再次应矩阵求逆引理求出
Figure 594890DEST_PATH_IMAGE120
，得到最优权重与由辅助通道子阵位置决定的矩阵
Figure 779140DEST_PATH_IMAGE121
的关系，
Figure 481516DEST_PATH_IMAGE122
。Applying Lagrange multipliers to get the expression of optimal weights
Figure 749927DEST_PATH_IMAGE117
, applying the matrix inversion lemma to get
Figure 281403DEST_PATH_IMAGE118
, which defines
Figure 686976DEST_PATH_IMAGE119
, again by the matrix inversion lemma to find
Figure 594890DEST_PATH_IMAGE120
, get the optimal weight and the matrix determined by the position of the auxiliary channel sub-array
Figure 779140DEST_PATH_IMAGE121
Relationship,
Figure 481516DEST_PATH_IMAGE122
.

步骤S4为计算旁瓣对消器的主瓣畸变，得到主瓣畸变与辅助通道子阵位置的关系，具体过程为：Step S4 is to calculate the main lobe distortion of the sidelobe canceller, and obtain the relationship between the main lobe distortion and the position of the auxiliary channel sub-array, and the specific process is as follows:

定义主瓣畸变为辅助通道的引入使得旁瓣对消器总的方向图在期望信号方向上产生的畸变，由于主瓣畸变后总方向图在期望信号处的幅值为D，

Figure 374386DEST_PATH_IMAGE123
，
Figure 820411DEST_PATH_IMAGE124
为主通道方向图期望信号方向幅值，
Figure 357703DEST_PATH_IMAGE125
为辅助通道期方向图望信号方向幅值，为了期望信号最大限度的保留，则要求主瓣畸变最小，即D的值最大，由步骤S3得出的最优权重矢量得到The main lobe distortion is defined as the introduction of the auxiliary channel to make the side lobe canceller's overall pattern distorted in the direction of the desired signal. Since the main lobe is distorted, the magnitude of the overall pattern at the desired signal is D ,
Figure 374386DEST_PATH_IMAGE123
,
Figure 820411DEST_PATH_IMAGE124
is the amplitude of the desired signal direction of the main channel pattern,
Figure 357703DEST_PATH_IMAGE125
For the direction of the auxiliary channel, the direction and amplitude of the signal are expected. In order to maximize the retention of the desired signal, the main lobe distortion is required to be the smallest, that is, the value of D is the largest. The optimal weight vector obtained in step S3 is obtained.

Figure 230981DEST_PATH_IMAGE126
。
Figure 230981DEST_PATH_IMAGE126
.

步骤S5为选取使得主瓣畸变最小的子阵位置作为最优的辅助通道子阵位置，具体过程为：Step S5 is to select the sub-array position that minimizes the distortion of the main lobe as the optimal auxiliary channel sub-array position, and the specific process is as follows:

由步骤S4知道，要求主瓣畸变最小，等价于求

Figure 611147DEST_PATH_IMAGE127
的最小值；It is known from step S4 that the main lobe distortion is required to be the smallest, which is equivalent to seeking
Figure 611147DEST_PATH_IMAGE127
the minimum value of ;

定义一个子阵选择向量

Figure 595283DEST_PATH_IMAGE128
，
Figure 252660DEST_PATH_IMAGE129
为一个
Figure 296840DEST_PATH_IMAGE130
维的向量，分别表示辅助通道对全部N个子阵的选择情况，元素全部由0和1组成，0表示辅助通道不选择该子阵，1表示辅助通道选择该位置子阵；定义一个矩阵
Figure 164302DEST_PATH_IMAGE131
，为全部N个子阵在期望信号方向上导向适量与K个干扰方向上导向矢量相乘组成的矩阵；由辅助通道子阵位置决定的矩阵
Figure 952129DEST_PATH_IMAGE132
与
Figure 464013DEST_PATH_IMAGE133
之间的关系为：define a subarray selection vector
Figure 595283DEST_PATH_IMAGE128
,
Figure 252660DEST_PATH_IMAGE129
for one
Figure 296840DEST_PATH_IMAGE130
Dimensional vector, representing the selection of all N sub-arrays by the auxiliary channel respectively, the elements are all composed of 0 and 1, 0 means that the auxiliary channel does not select the sub-array, 1 means that the auxiliary channel selects the sub-array at this position; define a matrix
Figure 164302DEST_PATH_IMAGE131
, which is a matrix composed of all N sub-arrays steered in the direction of the desired signal and the steering vectors in the K interference directions; the matrix determined by the position of the auxiliary channel sub-array
Figure 952129DEST_PATH_IMAGE132
and
Figure 464013DEST_PATH_IMAGE133
The relationship between is:

Figure 679094DEST_PATH_IMAGE134
Figure 679094DEST_PATH_IMAGE134

则选取使得主瓣畸变最小的子阵位置作为最优的辅助通道子阵位置描述为优化问题：Then select the sub-array position that minimizes the main lobe distortion as the optimal auxiliary channel sub-array position to describe the optimization problem:

Figure 768272DEST_PATH_IMAGE135
Figure 768272DEST_PATH_IMAGE135

求解上述优化问题得到的天线位置便是使得旁瓣对消器总方向图主瓣畸变最小的辅助通道应选择的天线位置。The antenna position obtained by solving the above optimization problem is the antenna position that should be selected for the auxiliary channel that minimizes the main lobe distortion of the general pattern of the sidelobe canceller.

为了方便理解本发明的上述技术方案，以下通过具体实施例对本发明的上述技术方案进行详细说明。In order to facilitate the understanding of the above-mentioned technical solutions of the present invention, the above-mentioned technical solutions of the present invention will be described in detail below through specific embodiments.

实施例1Example 1

本实施例证了以单一阵元为单位的基于方向图的旁瓣对消器辅助通道天线选择方法的正确性。This embodiment exemplifies the correctness of the pattern-based sidelobe canceller auxiliary channel antenna selection method in units of a single array element.

采用16根天线的均匀线阵如图3所示，阵元位置以信源波长的一半即

Figure 359791DEST_PATH_IMAGE136
为单位，期望信号入射角度为0°，有两个干扰，入射角度分别为30°与60°，选取4个阵元组成辅助通道进行旁瓣对消。A uniform linear array with 16 antennas is shown in Figure 3. The position of the array elements is half the wavelength of the source.
Figure 359791DEST_PATH_IMAGE136
The expected signal incident angle is 0°, there are two interferences, the incident angles are 30° and 60° respectively, and 4 array elements are selected to form an auxiliary channel for sidelobe cancellation.

根据本发明的方法，得到选择出的辅助通道位置，即位置0、1、10、11，选取这四个位置天线为辅助通道分别做出主通道、辅助通道、旁瓣对消器方向图如图4（a）-图4（d）所示。由图4（a）-图4（d）看出，在干扰方向，主通道与辅助通道方向图等高，在期望信号方向，辅助通道方向图极低。所以在旁瓣对消器的合成方向图中总方向图在干扰方向30°与60°产生零陷，实现了干扰信号的对消；在期望信号方向0°高度与主通道基本一致，基本没有产生主瓣畸变，实现了对期望信号的最大化保留。According to the method of the present invention, the selected auxiliary channel positions, that is, positions 0, 1, 10, and 11, are obtained, and the antennas at these four positions are selected as the auxiliary channels to make the main channel, auxiliary channel, and side lobe canceller pattern respectively. Figures 4(a)-4(d). It can be seen from Fig. 4(a)-Fig. 4(d) that in the interference direction, the pattern of the main channel and the auxiliary channel are the same height, and in the direction of the desired signal, the pattern of the auxiliary channel is extremely low. Therefore, in the synthetic pattern of the sidelobe canceller, the general pattern produces nulls at 30° and 60° in the interference direction, realizing the cancellation of the interference signal; the height of 0° in the desired signal direction is basically the same as that of the main channel, and there is basically no Main lobe distortion is created, maximizing the retention of the desired signal.

综上，本实施例中本发明选择的辅助通道位置具有很好的性能。In conclusion, in this embodiment, the position of the auxiliary channel selected by the present invention has good performance.

实施例2Example 2

本实施例补充验证了以单一阵元为单位的基于方向图的旁瓣对消器辅助通道天线选择方法的正确性。This embodiment supplements and verifies the correctness of the antenna selection method for the side lobe canceller auxiliary channel based on the pattern in a single array element.

采用16根天线的均匀线阵如图5所示，阵元位置以信源波长的一半即

Figure 959137DEST_PATH_IMAGE137
为单位，期望信号入射角度为0°，有三个干扰，入射角度分别为-60°、30°与60°，选取6个阵元组成辅助通道进行旁瓣对消。The uniform linear array using 16 antennas is shown in Figure 5. The position of the array element is half the wavelength of the source.
Figure 959137DEST_PATH_IMAGE137
The expected signal incident angle is 0°, and there are three interferences. The incident angles are -60°, 30° and 60°, respectively. Six array elements are selected to form an auxiliary channel for sidelobe cancellation.

根据本发明的方法，得到选择出的辅助通道位置，即位置2、4、5、10、11、12，选取这六个位置天线为辅助通道分别做出主通道、辅助通道、旁瓣对消器方向图如图6（a）-图6（d）所示。由图看出，在干扰方向，主通道与辅助通道方向图等高，在期望信号方向，辅助通道方向图极低。所以在旁瓣对消器的合成方向图中总方向图在干扰方向-60°、30°与60°产生零陷，实现了干扰信号的对消；在期望信号方向0°高度与主通道基本一致，基本没有产生主瓣畸变，实现了对期望信号的最大化保留。According to the method of the present invention, the selected auxiliary channel positions, that is, positions 2, 4, 5, 10, 11, and 12, are obtained, and the antennas at these six positions are selected as auxiliary channels to make main channel, auxiliary channel, and side lobe cancellation respectively. The orientation diagram of the device is shown in Fig. 6(a)-Fig. 6(d). It can be seen from the figure that in the interference direction, the pattern of the main channel and the auxiliary channel are the same height, and in the direction of the desired signal, the pattern of the auxiliary channel is extremely low. Therefore, in the synthetic pattern of the sidelobe canceller, the general pattern produces nulls in the interference directions of -60°, 30° and 60°, which realizes the cancellation of the interference signal; the height of 0° in the desired signal direction is basically the same as that of the main channel. Consistently, there is basically no main lobe distortion, which maximizes the retention of the desired signal.

综上，本实施例中本发明选择的辅助通道位置具有很好的性能。In conclusion, in this embodiment, the position of the auxiliary channel selected by the present invention has good performance.

实施例3Example 3

本实施例验证了以子阵为单位的基于方向图的旁瓣对消器辅助通道子阵选择方法的正确性。This embodiment verifies the correctness of the sub-array selection method of the sidelobe canceller auxiliary channel based on the pattern in the unit of sub-array.

采用8个子阵，每个子阵由三个阵元组成的均匀线阵，如图7所示，阵元位置以信源波长的一半即

Figure 407436DEST_PATH_IMAGE137
为单位，期望信号入射角度为0°，有两个干扰，入射角度分别为30°与60°，选取3个子阵组成辅助通道进行旁瓣对消。Eight sub-arrays are used, and each sub-array is a uniform linear array composed of three array elements. As shown in Figure 7, the position of the array elements is half the wavelength of the source.
Figure 407436DEST_PATH_IMAGE137
The expected signal incident angle is 0°, and there are two interferences, the incident angles are 30° and 60°, respectively. Three sub-arrays are selected to form an auxiliary channel for sidelobe cancellation.

根据本发明的方法，得到选择出的辅助通道子阵位置，即位置0、5、7，选取这三个位置子阵为辅助通道分别做出主通道、辅助通道、旁瓣对消器方向图如图8（a）-图8（d）所示。由图看出，在干扰方向，主通道与辅助通道方向图等高，在期望信号方向，辅助通道方向图极低。所以在旁瓣对消器的合成方向图中总方向图在干扰方向30°与60°产生零陷，实现了干扰信号的对消；在期望信号方向0°高度与主通道基本一致，基本没有产生主瓣畸变，实现了对期望信号的最大化保留。According to the method of the present invention, the selected auxiliary channel sub-array positions, namely positions 0, 5, and 7, are obtained, and these three sub-arrays are selected as auxiliary channels to make the main channel, auxiliary channel and side lobe canceller pattern respectively. As shown in Fig. 8(a)-Fig. 8(d). It can be seen from the figure that in the interference direction, the pattern of the main channel and the auxiliary channel are the same height, and in the direction of the desired signal, the pattern of the auxiliary channel is extremely low. Therefore, in the synthetic pattern of the sidelobe canceller, the general pattern produces nulls at 30° and 60° in the interference direction, realizing the cancellation of the interference signal; the height of 0° in the desired signal direction is basically the same as that of the main channel, and there is basically no Main lobe distortion is created, maximizing the retention of the desired signal.

综上，本实施例中本发明选择的辅助通道子阵位置具有很好的性能。In conclusion, in this embodiment, the sub-array position of the auxiliary channel selected by the present invention has good performance.

通过上述三个实施例，可以发现本发明的最优辅助通道阵元位置或者子阵位置均有着良好的性能，既实现了干扰信号的对消，也实现了期望信号的最大化保留。Through the above three embodiments, it can be found that the optimal auxiliary channel array element position or sub-array position of the present invention has good performance, which not only realizes the cancellation of the interference signal, but also realizes the maximum retention of the desired signal.

进行以上三个实施例向图的验证后，进一步对旁瓣对消器输出性能进行验证。选取的指标是输入信噪比与输出信干噪比的关系，如图9与图10所示，两图分别表示以阵元为单位的天线选择和以子阵为单位的子阵选择两种情况，图中，最上方的曲线反应的是最优位置辅助通道旁瓣对消器的性能，其他三条曲线表示随机选取三个辅助通道旁瓣对消器的性能。从图中可以看出，按照本发明的方法选择的最优辅助通道，输出信噪比要比其他情况更优，比一些差的情况能高出10dB以上，有着明显的性能提升。After verifying the graphs of the above three embodiments, the output performance of the sidelobe canceller is further verified. The selected index is the relationship between the input signal-to-noise ratio and the output signal-to-interference-noise ratio, as shown in Figure 9 and Figure 10. The two figures respectively represent the antenna selection in units of array elements and the sub-array selection in sub-array units. In the figure, the top curve reflects the performance of the auxiliary channel sidelobe canceller at the optimal position, and the other three curves represent the performance of randomly selected three auxiliary channel sidelobe cancellers. It can be seen from the figure that the optimal auxiliary channel selected according to the method of the present invention has better output signal-to-noise ratio than other cases, and can be higher than some poor cases by more than 10dB, which has obvious performance improvement.

以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and changes. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. A method for selecting an auxiliary channel antenna of a sidelobe canceller based on a beam pattern is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: obtaining a main channel beam pattern, and calculating the amplitude of the main channel beam pattern in the interference direction;
s2: calculating the constraint condition of a beam pattern of an auxiliary channel, wherein the amplitude of the auxiliary channel in the interference direction is the same as the amplitude of the auxiliary channel in the corresponding direction of the main channel;
s3: designing an auxiliary channel directional diagram according to the minimum output power criterion and by combining the auxiliary channel beam directional diagram constraint condition of the step S2 to obtain a corresponding weight vector;
s4: calculating the main lobe distortion of the side lobe canceller to obtain the relation between the main lobe distortion and the auxiliary channel antenna position;
s5: and selecting the antenna position which enables the main lobe distortion to be minimum as the optimal auxiliary channel antenna position.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein for the selection of the auxiliary channel antenna position in unit of single array element, the specific process of step S1 is as follows:
the receiving signal of the sidelobe canceller consists of an expected signal, K interferences and noises, the noises are zero mean Gaussian white noises, the receiving antenna array has M array elements in total, N array elements are selected to form an auxiliary channel,
output of the main channel
Figure 903236DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
Wherein
Figure 434712DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
an array steering vector that points the main channel to the desired signal,
Figure 574706DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
noise vectors received for main channel array elements;
Figure 921767DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
a matrix of array steering vectors that point the main channel to K interferers,
Figure 666869DEST_PATH_IMAGE005
steering the vector for the array pointing to the ith interferer, i =1,2, …, K;
Figure 431563DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
a column vector consisting of K interference signals received at the time t;
output of auxiliary channel
Figure 262116DEST_PATH_IMAGE007
Wherein
Figure 380244DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
each element represents a signal received by the auxiliary channel array element at the corresponding position respectively;
Figure 245432DEST_PATH_IMAGE009
for the noise vectors received by the auxiliary channel array elements,
Figure 915448DEST_PATH_IMAGE010
a matrix of array steering vectors pointing to K interferers for the auxiliary channel,
Figure 170980DEST_PATH_IMAGE011
steering the vector for the array pointing to the ith interferer, i =1,2, …, K;
the main channel beam pattern is obtained by the conventional beam forming of all array elements of the main channel and is recorded as
Figure 155117DEST_PATH_IMAGE012
，
Figure 937128DEST_PATH_IMAGE013
Is the angle between the incident direction and the XOY plane,
Figure 981307DEST_PATH_IMAGE014
is the angle between the projection of the incident direction on the XOY plane and the X-axis,
Figure 724135DEST_PATH_IMAGE015
the height in the K interference directions is respectively
Figure 511963DEST_PATH_IMAGE016
Wherein
Figure 148480DEST_PATH_IMAGE017
respectively, the spatial incident angles under the ith interference sphere coordinate.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein for the selection of the auxiliary channel antenna position in unit of single array element, the specific process of step S2 is as follows:
auxiliary channel beam pattern
Figure 363561DEST_PATH_IMAGE018
Wherein
Figure 826641DEST_PATH_IMAGE019
in the form of a vector of weights,
Figure 418159DEST_PATH_IMAGE020
is composed of
Figure 909184DEST_PATH_IMAGE021
The conjugate transpose of (a) is performed,
Figure 967270DEST_PATH_IMAGE022
for assisting the channel array to guide the vector, for achieving interference cancellation, it is necessary to
Figure 747007DEST_PATH_IMAGE023
Obtaining K constraint conditions of K interferences, writing the constraint conditions into a matrix form to obtain a total constraint condition
Figure 673374DEST_PATH_IMAGE024
Memory for recording
Figure 894271DEST_PATH_IMAGE025
Then the constraint is written as
Figure 716734DEST_PATH_IMAGE026
。
4. The method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein for the selection of the auxiliary channel antenna position in unit of single array element, the specific process of step S3 is as follows:
combining the constraint conditions obtained in the step S2, designing an auxiliary channel directional diagram according to the minimum output power criterion, and obtaining the optimal weight corresponding to the antenna position of the auxiliary channel at the moment;
the output power of the auxiliary channel is
Figure 983767DEST_PATH_IMAGE027
Wherein
Figure 713826DEST_PATH_IMAGE028
the autocorrelation matrix of the received signal for the auxiliary channel, E represents the desired operation,
Figure 117125DEST_PATH_IMAGE029
in order to be able to measure the power of the noise,
Figure 782593DEST_PATH_IMAGE030
is composed of
Figure 68081DEST_PATH_IMAGE031
The unit array is formed by a plurality of unit arrays,
Figure 805093DEST_PATH_IMAGE032
forming a diagonal matrix by the power of K interferences; the process of finding the optimal weight of the auxiliary channel is written as an optimization problem:
Figure 513765DEST_PATH_IMAGE033
expression for obtaining optimal weight by Lagrange multiplier method
Figure 412451DEST_PATH_IMAGE034
Obtained by applying matrix inversion lemma
Figure 450814DEST_PATH_IMAGE035
Wherein, define
Figure 725938DEST_PATH_IMAGE036
Again using matrix inversion theorem to solve
Figure 775933DEST_PATH_IMAGE037
Obtaining the optimal weight and a steering vector matrix determined by the position of the auxiliary channel antenna
Figure 111100DEST_PATH_IMAGE038
In the context of (a) or (b),
Figure 371180DEST_PATH_IMAGE039
。
5. the method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein for the selection of the auxiliary channel antenna position in unit of single array element, the specific process of step S4 is as follows:
defining the main lobe distortion as the distortion of the auxiliary channel, which causes the total directional diagram of the side lobe canceller to generate in the direction of the desired signal, the amplitude of the total directional diagram at the desired signal is as the main lobe distortionD，
Figure 449994DEST_PATH_IMAGE040
The signal direction magnitude is desired for the main channel pattern,
Figure 620076DEST_PATH_IMAGE041
for the auxiliary channel desired signal direction amplitude, for maximum retention of the desired signal, minimum main lobe distortion is required, i.e. minimum main lobe distortion is requiredDIs the maximum value, is obtained from the optimal weight vector obtained in step S3
Figure 860564DEST_PATH_IMAGE042
。
6. The method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein for the selection of the auxiliary channel antenna position in unit of single array element, the specific process of step S5 is as follows:
as is known from step S4, the requirement for minimum distortion of the main lobe is equivalent to the requirement for minimum distortion of the main lobe
Figure 873519DEST_PATH_IMAGE043
Minimum value of (d);
defining an antenna selection vector
Figure 490446DEST_PATH_IMAGE044
，
Figure 515033DEST_PATH_IMAGE045
Is one
Figure 926423DEST_PATH_IMAGE046
The vector of the dimension respectively represents the selection condition of the auxiliary channel to all M array elements, all elements are composed of 0 and 1, 0 represents that the auxiliary channel does not select the array element, and 1 represents that the auxiliary channel selects the position array element; two matrices are defined which are,
Figure 161095DEST_PATH_IMAGE047
a matrix formed by guiding vectors in K interference directions for all M array elements;
Figure 581712DEST_PATH_IMAGE048
steering vectors of all M array elements in the direction of the expected signal; matrix determined by auxiliary channel antenna position
Figure 693763DEST_PATH_IMAGE049
The relationship between them is:
Figure 603950DEST_PATH_IMAGE050
then, the antenna position which makes the main lobe distortion minimum is selected as the optimal auxiliary channel antenna position to describe as an optimization problem:
Figure 263601DEST_PATH_IMAGE051
and solving the optimization problem to obtain the antenna position which is the auxiliary channel antenna position which enables the main lobe distortion of the total direction diagram of the side lobe canceller to be minimum.
7. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein for the selection of the auxiliary channel antenna position using the subarray as a unit, in step S1, the beamforming is performed on each subarray first, and then the uniformly weighted beamforming is performed on the output of each subarray to obtain the main channel beam pattern, and the specific process is as follows:
the receiving signal of the sidelobe canceller consists of an expected signal, K interferences and noises, the noises are zero mean Gaussian white noises, and the receiving antenna array consists ofNA plurality of sub-arrays, each sub-array havingCThe array elements and receiving antennas are sharedMArray element
Figure 160013DEST_PATH_IMAGE052
Selecting L sub-arrays to form an auxiliary channel;
first, each subarray is conventionally beamformed to weight the received signal, and the output of the p-th subarray is
Figure 221510DEST_PATH_IMAGE053
Wherein
Figure 302599DEST_PATH_IMAGE054
is the array steering vector for the p-th sub-array to the desired signal,
Figure 183967DEST_PATH_IMAGE055
the noise vectors received for the array elements of the p-th sub-array,
Figure 884070DEST_PATH_IMAGE056
the matrix is formed by leading vectors of the p-th sub-matrix to K interferences;
Figure 800073DEST_PATH_IMAGE057
respectively the steering vector of the p-th sub-array in each interference direction,
Figure 52063DEST_PATH_IMAGE058
a column vector consisting of K interference signals received at the time t;
main channel inputGo out
Figure 686307DEST_PATH_IMAGE059
The output of the auxiliary channel is:
Figure 924521DEST_PATH_IMAGE060
Figure 491769DEST_PATH_IMAGE061
，
wherein,
Figure 852343DEST_PATH_IMAGE062
an array steering vector for the p-th sub-array to the desired signal,
Figure 147451DEST_PATH_IMAGE063
is as follows
Figure 251673DEST_PATH_IMAGE064
The noise vectors received by the array elements of the individual sub-arrays,
Figure 204586DEST_PATH_IMAGE065
is as follows
Figure 736061DEST_PATH_IMAGE066
The direction of each sub-array in the corresponding interference direction is proper,
Figure 17001DEST_PATH_IMAGE067
Figure 924914DEST_PATH_IMAGE068
，
definition of
Figure 670016DEST_PATH_IMAGE069
Is selected by the auxiliary channelThe position of the selected subarray is determined, and the main channel beam pattern is obtained by the conventional beam forming of all array elements of the main channel and is recorded as
Figure 434710DEST_PATH_IMAGE070
，
Figure 937367DEST_PATH_IMAGE071
The height in the K interference directions is respectively
Figure 383392DEST_PATH_IMAGE072
，
Figure 310896DEST_PATH_IMAGE073
Wherein
Figure 449754DEST_PATH_IMAGE074
respectively, the spatial incident angles under the ith interference sphere coordinate.
8. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the array is linear or planar in step S1, and the antenna position is half of the source wavelength
Figure 174127DEST_PATH_IMAGE075
In the unit of the number of the units,
Figure 423843DEST_PATH_IMAGE076
is the source wavelength.
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