CN111740231A - Broadband microstrip antenna array based on waveguide feed - Google Patents
Broadband microstrip antenna array based on waveguide feed Download PDFInfo
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- CN111740231A CN111740231A CN202010704823.8A CN202010704823A CN111740231A CN 111740231 A CN111740231 A CN 111740231A CN 202010704823 A CN202010704823 A CN 202010704823A CN 111740231 A CN111740231 A CN 111740231A
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- antenna
- microstrip
- dielectric substrate
- waveguide
- array
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
- H01Q13/08—Radiating ends of two-conductor microwave transmission lines, e.g. of coaxial lines, of microstrip lines
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
- H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
Abstract
The invention discloses a broadband microstrip antenna array based on waveguide feed, which relates to the technical field of antennas and comprises an antenna cover, an antenna shell, an array antenna radiator and a microstrip waveguide switching structure, wherein the array antenna radiator comprises a first dielectric substrate, a second dielectric substrate and a metal ground plate which are fixedly stacked together, a parasitic patch unit is arranged on the lower surface of the first dielectric substrate, a radiation patch unit and a feed network are arranged on the upper surface of the second dielectric substrate, one end of a microstrip on the upper surface of a microstrip waveguide circuit board in the microstrip waveguide switching structure is connected with the feed network, the other end of the microstrip extends into a waveguide cavity of a rectangular waveguide, two layers of different metal patches can generate different resonant frequencies, so that two different resonant points are generated, and the impedance bandwidth of a unit antenna can be effectively increased.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of antennas, in particular to a broadband microstrip antenna array based on waveguide feed.
Background
Microstrip antenna is one of the most widely used antennas, has the advantages of small volume, light weight, low profile, low printing cost, easy mass production and the like, and is one of the research hotspots in the antenna field at present. However, the impedance bandwidth of the microstrip antenna is only about 2% -6%, and the narrow bandwidth limits the application of the microstrip antenna in many occasions.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention provides a broadband microstrip antenna array based on waveguide feed, aiming at the above problems and technical requirements, and the technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
a broadband microstrip antenna array based on waveguide feed comprises an antenna housing, an antenna shell, an array antenna radiator and a microstrip waveguide switching structure, wherein the antenna housing and the antenna shell are installed together, and the array antenna radiator is fixedly installed in an internal cavity formed by the antenna housing and the antenna shell;
the array antenna radiator comprises a first dielectric substrate, a second dielectric substrate and a metal ground plate which are fixed together, wherein the first dielectric substrate, the second dielectric substrate and the metal ground plate are sequentially stacked from one side close to an antenna housing to one side close to an antenna housing; the antenna comprises a first dielectric substrate, a second dielectric substrate, a first antenna shell, a second antenna shell and a second dielectric substrate, wherein the upper surface of the first dielectric substrate is close to the antenna housing, the lower surface of the first dielectric substrate is close to the second dielectric substrate, the upper surface of the second dielectric substrate is close to the first dielectric substrate, and the lower surface of the second dielectric substrate is close to the antenna shell;
the microstrip waveguide switching structure comprises a microstrip waveguide switching circuit board and a rectangular waveguide, wherein the antenna shell is provided with a bottom opening, and the rectangular waveguide is vertically arranged on the antenna shell and is arranged at the bottom opening; the microstrip-to-waveguide circuit board is arranged in an inner cavity formed by the antenna housing and is arranged at the opening at the bottom in parallel with the antenna housing, a microstrip is arranged on the upper surface of one side, close to the antenna housing, of the microstrip-to-waveguide circuit board, one end of the microstrip is connected with the input end of the feed network on the second dielectric substrate, and the other end of the microstrip vertically extends into the waveguide cavity of the rectangular waveguide.
The array antenna radiator further comprises an air foam layer which is arranged between the first dielectric substrate and the second dielectric substrate in a laminated mode, and the air foam layer and the two dielectric substrates are fixed together.
The further technical scheme is that the dielectric constant of the air foam layer is 1, and the thickness of the air foam layer is 4 mm.
The technical scheme is that one end of a microstrip on the upper surface of the microstrip-to-waveguide circuit board is connected with a feed network, and the other end of the microstrip is matched with a sector patch.
The further technical scheme is that a return-type gap is arranged on the lower surface, close to the rectangular waveguide, of the microstrip-to-waveguide circuit board.
The antenna shell is internally provided with an isolation cavity at the outer side of the bottom opening, the microstrip-to-waveguide circuit board is arranged in the isolation cavity, the array antenna radiator is arranged outside the isolation cavity, and the microstrip on the upper surface of the microstrip-to-waveguide circuit board is connected to the feed network of the second dielectric substrate through a window on the isolation cavity.
The further technical scheme is that a feed network on the upper surface of the second dielectric substrate is a power division feed network for parallel feed, the feed network equally divides the input power of the input end to the feed ends of the radiation patch units, and the width of a microstrip line at the input end of the feed network is 1.5 mm.
The further technical scheme is that the lower surface of the first dielectric substrate is provided with a parasitic patch unit with a 2 x 2 array structure, and the upper surface of the second dielectric substrate is provided with a radiation patch unit with a 2 x 2 array structure.
The further technical scheme is that the distance between adjacent parasitic patch units is 54mm, and the distance between adjacent radiation patch units is 54 mm.
The further technical scheme is that the first dielectric substrate is made of FR4, the relative dielectric constant is 4.4, and the thickness is 0.508 mm; the material of the second dielectric substrate Rogers5880 has a relative dielectric constant of 2.2 and a thickness of 0.508 mm.
The beneficial technical effects of the invention are as follows:
the application discloses broadband microstrip antenna array based on waveguide feed, array antenna radiator among this broadband microstrip antenna array includes two-layer dielectric substrate, sets up the paster unit on the two-layer dielectric substrate respectively, is given array antenna radiator feed by microstrip waveguide switching structure again, and two-layer different metal paster can produce different resonant frequency, and then produces two different resonance points, can effectively increase the impedance bandwidth of unit antenna.
In addition, an air foam layer is arranged between the two dielectric substrates in the array antenna radiator, so that the Q value of the microstrip antenna can be reduced, the bandwidth of the antenna is increased, and the gain of the antenna is increased. The upper surface of the microstrip waveguide switching structure is provided with a fan-shaped patch for matching, and the lower surface of the microstrip waveguide switching structure is provided with a return-type slot, so that the structure can further reduce insertion loss and widen a frequency band. Compared with the conventional microstrip antenna, the broadband microstrip antenna array can effectively improve impedance bandwidth and has higher antenna gain. Meanwhile, the antenna structure has good symmetry and is simple to manufacture, the compatibility of the microstrip waveguide switching structure and a microstrip integrated circuit is good, the requirement on mechanical tolerance is low, the insertion loss is small, and the bandwidth is wide.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is an exploded view of the structure of the wideband microstrip antenna array of the present application.
Fig. 2 is an exploded view of the structure of the array antenna radiator in the present application.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of an upper surface structure of the microstrip-to-waveguide circuit board of the present application.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of a lower surface structure of the microstrip-to-waveguide circuit board of the present application.
Fig. 5 is a standing wave diagram of the present broadband microstrip antenna array.
Fig. 6 is a two-dimensional gain pattern of the present wideband microstrip antenna array.
Detailed Description
The following further describes the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings.
Referring to fig. 1, the broadband microstrip antenna array includes an antenna housing 1, an antenna housing 2, an array antenna radiator 3, and a microstrip waveguide switching structure, where the microstrip waveguide switching structure at least includes a microstrip waveguide circuit board 4 and a rectangular waveguide 5.
The radome 1 is mounted with the antenna housing 2 and forms a cavity inside, and the array antenna radiator 3 is fixedly mounted in the inner cavity formed by the radome 1 and the antenna housing 2, typically by being fixed to the inner wall of the antenna housing 2 by screws. The antenna housing 1 and the antenna casing 2 are respectively located on two sides of the array antenna radiator 3 for protection and service life prolonging.
Referring to fig. 2, the array antenna radiator 3 includes a first dielectric substrate 31, a second dielectric substrate 32, and a metal ground plate 33 fixed together, and the first dielectric substrate 31, the second dielectric substrate 32, and the metal ground plate 33 are sequentially stacked from a side close to the antenna cover 1 to a side close to the antenna housing 2. A plurality of parasitic patch units 34 are disposed on the lower surface of the first dielectric substrate 31. The upper surface of the second dielectric substrate 32 is provided with a plurality of radiation patch units 35, and the parasitic patch units 34 are opposite to the radiation patch units 35 in one-to-one arrangement position. The lower surface of the second dielectric substrate 32 is the metal ground plate 33. The upper surface of the first dielectric substrate 31 is a side close to the radome 1, the lower surface of the first dielectric substrate is a side close to the second dielectric substrate 32, the upper surface of the second dielectric substrate 32 is a side close to the first dielectric substrate 31, and the lower surface of the second dielectric substrate is a side close to the antenna housing 2. Two-layer different metal patches can produce different resonant frequency, and then produce two different resonance points, can effectively increase the impedance bandwidth of unit antenna.
In the present application, the first dielectric substrate 31 is made of FR4, has a relative dielectric constant of 4.4, and has a thickness of 0.508 mm. The material Rogers5880 of the second dielectric substrate 32 has a relative dielectric constant of 2.2 and a thickness of 0.508 mm. Rectangular parasitic patch units 34 in a 2 x 2 array structure are arranged on the lower surface of the first dielectric substrate 31, and the distance between adjacent parasitic patch units is 54 mm. Rectangular radiation patch units 35 in a 2 x 2 array structure are arranged on the upper surface of the second dielectric substrate 32, and the distance between adjacent radiation patch units is 54 mm.
The upper surface of the second dielectric substrate 32 is further provided with a feed network 36, the feed network 36 and the radiation patch unit 35 are arranged on the same side of the second dielectric substrate 32, and each output end of the feed network 36 is connected to a feed end of each radiation patch unit 35. In this application, the feed network 36 is a power division feed network of parallel feed, the feed network 36 equally divides the input power of the input end to the feed end of each radiation patch unit 35, and the microstrip line width of the input end of the feed network 36 is 1.5 mm.
In the present application, the array antenna radiator 3 further includes an air foam layer 37 stacked between the first dielectric substrate 31 and the second dielectric substrate 32, and the air foam layer 37 is fixed to both dielectric substrates. The air foam layer 37 has a dielectric constant of 1 and a thickness of 4 mm. The air foam layer 37 can reduce the Q value of the microstrip antenna, increase the bandwidth of the antenna, and also increase the gain of the antenna.
In practical application, the four corners of the first dielectric substrate 31, the second dielectric substrate 32, the metal grounding plate 33 and the air foam layer 37 are respectively provided with screw holes with the same size, so that positioning and fixing are facilitated.
The antenna housing 2 is opened with a bottom opening 21, and the rectangular waveguide 5 is vertically installed at the bottom opening 21 of the antenna housing 2. The microstrip to waveguide circuit board 4 is disposed in an internal cavity formed by the radome 1 and the antenna housing 2 and is disposed at the bottom opening 21 parallel to the antenna housing 2. Referring to fig. 3, a microstrip 41 is disposed on an upper surface of a side of the microstrip-to-waveguide circuit board 4 close to the radome 1, one end of the microstrip 41 is connected to an input end of the feeding network 36 on the second dielectric substrate 32, and the other end of the microstrip vertically extends into a waveguide cavity of the rectangular waveguide 5. Further, one end of the microstrip 41 extending into the waveguide cavity of the rectangular waveguide 5 is matched with the fan-shaped patch. Referring to fig. 4, in the present application, a rectangular slot is disposed on a lower surface of the microstrip-to-waveguide circuit board 4 close to the rectangular waveguide 5. The structure of the sector patch and the loop-shaped slot can further reduce insertion loss and widen a frequency band.
In practical application, an isolation cavity is arranged outside the bottom opening 21 inside the antenna housing 2, the microstrip-to-waveguide circuit board 4 is arranged in the isolation cavity, the array antenna radiator 3 is arranged outside the isolation cavity, a microstrip 41 on the upper surface of the microstrip-to-waveguide circuit board 4 is connected to the feed network 36 of the second dielectric substrate 32 through a window on the isolation cavity, and the isolation cavity can effectively shield the influence of a higher-order mode generated by the array antenna radiator 3 during operation on the microstrip-to-waveguide circuit board 4. In this application, antenna housing 2 is inside to be provided with bellied isolation outer wall 22 in the outside of bottom opening 21, it can have a plurality of faces directly to realize by antenna housing 2's lateral wall to keep apart outer wall 22 actually, microstrip waveguide switching structure still includes cavity apron 6, cavity apron 6 is located antenna housing 2 inside bottom opening 21 department and installs and form on keeping apart outer wall 22 and keep apart the chamber, set up the breach as the window on keeping apart the chamber on the isolation outer wall 22 of one side between array antenna radiator 3 and the microstrip commentaries on classics waveguide circuit board 4, cavity apron 6 passes through screw demountable installation, conveniently match the debugging.
The standing wave pattern of the broadband microstrip antenna array of the present application refers to fig. 5, and the two-dimensional gain pattern refers to fig. 6, the bandwidth of the broadband microstrip antenna array is less than 2 in the standing wave range of 3.75GHz to 4.25GHz, the impedance bandwidth reaches 12.5%, and the antenna is obviously superior to the traditional microstrip array antenna. The gain of the broadband microstrip antenna array is 14.7dB and the half-power beam width is about 30 °. Therefore, the broadband microstrip antenna array can effectively improve impedance bandwidth and has high antenna gain.
What has been described above is only a preferred embodiment of the present application, and the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment. It is to be understood that other modifications and variations directly derivable or suggested by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and concept of the present invention are to be considered as included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The broadband microstrip antenna array based on waveguide feed is characterized by comprising an antenna housing, an antenna shell, an array antenna radiator and a microstrip waveguide switching structure, wherein the antenna housing and the antenna shell are installed together, and the array antenna radiator is fixedly installed in an internal cavity formed by the antenna housing and the antenna shell;
the array antenna radiator comprises a first dielectric substrate, a second dielectric substrate and a metal grounding plate which are fixed together, wherein the first dielectric substrate, the second dielectric substrate and the metal grounding plate are sequentially stacked from one side close to the antenna housing to one side close to the antenna housing, a parasitic patch unit is arranged on the lower surface of the first dielectric substrate, a radiation patch unit and a feed network are arranged on the upper surface of the second dielectric substrate, each output end of the feed network is respectively connected with a feed end of each radiation patch unit, the lower surface of the second dielectric substrate is the metal grounding plate, and the parasitic patch units and the radiation patch units are arranged at positions which are opposite to each other; the antenna housing comprises a first dielectric substrate, a second dielectric substrate, a first antenna cover, a second antenna cover, a first dielectric substrate, a second dielectric substrate, a first dielectric substrate and a second dielectric substrate, wherein the upper surface of the first dielectric substrate is close to the antenna cover, the lower surface of the first dielectric substrate is close to the second dielectric substrate, the upper surface of the second dielectric substrate is close to the first dielectric substrate, and the;
the microstrip waveguide switching structure comprises a microstrip waveguide circuit board and a rectangular waveguide, the antenna shell is provided with a bottom opening, and the rectangular waveguide is vertically arranged at the bottom opening of the antenna shell; the microstrip changes waveguide circuit board and sets up in the inside cavity that antenna house and antenna casing formed and be on a parallel with the antenna casing sets up in the bottom opening part, microstrip changes waveguide circuit board's the upper surface that is close to one side of antenna house sets up the microstrip, the one end of microstrip is connected the input of feed network on the second dielectric substrate, the other end stretches into perpendicularly the waveguide intracavity of rectangular waveguide.
2. The wideband microstrip antenna array of claim 1, wherein the array antenna radiator further comprises an air foam layer disposed between the first and second dielectric substrates in a stacked relationship, the air foam layer being secured to both dielectric substrates.
3. The wideband microstrip antenna array according to claim 2, wherein the air foam layer has a dielectric constant of 1 and a thickness of 4 mm.
4. The broadband microstrip antenna array of claim 1, wherein one end of a microstrip on the upper surface of the microstrip to waveguide circuit board is connected to the feed network and the other end is matched by a sector patch.
5. The wideband microstrip antenna array of claim 1, wherein the microstrip to waveguide circuit board has a slot of a reverse shape disposed on a lower surface thereof adjacent to the rectangular waveguide.
6. The wideband microstrip antenna array according to claim 1, wherein an isolation cavity is provided inside the antenna housing outside the bottom opening, the microstrip transition waveguide circuit board is disposed inside the isolation cavity, the array antenna radiator is disposed outside the isolation cavity, and the microstrip on the upper surface of the microstrip transition waveguide circuit board is connected to the feeding network of the second dielectric substrate through a window on the isolation cavity.
7. The broadband microstrip antenna array of claim 1, wherein the feed network on the upper surface of the second dielectric substrate is a power division feed network with parallel feed, the feed network equally divides the input power at the input end to the feed ends of the respective radiation patch units, and the microstrip line at the input end of the feed network has a width of 1.5 mm.
8. The wideband microstrip antenna array according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the lower surface of the first dielectric substrate is provided with parasitic patch elements of a 2 x 2 array structure, and the upper surface of the second dielectric substrate is provided with radiating patch elements of a 2 x 2 array structure.
9. The wideband microstrip antenna array of claim 8, wherein the spacing between adjacent parasitic patch elements is 54mm and the spacing between adjacent radiating patch elements is 54 mm.
10. The wideband microstrip antenna array according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the first dielectric substrate is made of FR4, has a relative dielectric constant of 4.4 and a thickness of 0.508 mm; the material Rogers5880 of the second dielectric substrate has a relative dielectric constant of 2.2 and a thickness of 0.508 mm.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010704823.8A CN111740231A (en) | 2020-07-21 | 2020-07-21 | Broadband microstrip antenna array based on waveguide feed |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010704823.8A CN111740231A (en) | 2020-07-21 | 2020-07-21 | Broadband microstrip antenna array based on waveguide feed |
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| CN111740231A true CN111740231A (en) | 2020-10-02 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN202010704823.8A Pending CN111740231A (en) | 2020-07-21 | 2020-07-21 | Broadband microstrip antenna array based on waveguide feed |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112803165A (en) * | 2020-12-30 | 2021-05-14 | 无锡国芯微电子系统有限公司 | Novel broadband single-layer patch antenna |
| CN116670925A (en) * | 2021-12-28 | 2023-08-29 | 华为技术有限公司 | Switching structure, antenna and terminal |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20050134403A1 (en) * | 2003-12-17 | 2005-06-23 | Microsoft Corporation | Low-cost, steerable, phased array antenna |
| CN1933237A (en) * | 2005-09-13 | 2007-03-21 | 上海大学 | Waveguide-microstripline conversion signal distributor |
| CN106025533A (en) * | 2016-07-11 | 2016-10-12 | 北京航大泰科信息技术有限公司 | Left-handed circularly polarized antenna |
-
2020
- 2020-07-21 CN CN202010704823.8A patent/CN111740231A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20050134403A1 (en) * | 2003-12-17 | 2005-06-23 | Microsoft Corporation | Low-cost, steerable, phased array antenna |
| CN1933237A (en) * | 2005-09-13 | 2007-03-21 | 上海大学 | Waveguide-microstripline conversion signal distributor |
| CN106025533A (en) * | 2016-07-11 | 2016-10-12 | 北京航大泰科信息技术有限公司 | Left-handed circularly polarized antenna |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112803165A (en) * | 2020-12-30 | 2021-05-14 | 无锡国芯微电子系统有限公司 | Novel broadband single-layer patch antenna |
| CN112803165B (en) * | 2020-12-30 | 2021-12-14 | 无锡国芯微电子系统有限公司 | Novel broadband single-layer patch antenna |
| CN116670925A (en) * | 2021-12-28 | 2023-08-29 | 华为技术有限公司 | Switching structure, antenna and terminal |
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