CN111740214A - Measuring antenna adopting wave dish-shaped director - Google Patents
Measuring antenna adopting wave dish-shaped director Download PDFInfo
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- CN111740214A CN111740214A CN202010568935.5A CN202010568935A CN111740214A CN 111740214 A CN111740214 A CN 111740214A CN 202010568935 A CN202010568935 A CN 202010568935A CN 111740214 A CN111740214 A CN 111740214A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/14—Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures
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Abstract
The invention provides a measuring antenna adopting a wave dish-shaped director, belonging to the technical field of satellite navigation and satellite communication antennas. The antenna comprises a wave dish-shaped director, a radiator, a short-circuit probe, a feed probe, a dielectric plate, a micro-strip bridge and a reflection bottom plate; the wave dish-shaped director is used for generating a plurality of concentric circular surface currents and is positioned right above the radiator; the vertical section of the wave dish-shaped guider is wave-shaped, and the horizontal section of the wave dish-shaped guider is concentric. According to the invention, a plurality of concentric circular surface currents which are symmetrical about the center of the guider are formed on the wavy disc-shaped guider by utilizing the tip effect of the electric field which is dense in electric potential at the position with large curvature of the metal surface, so that the roll-off coefficient of an antenna directional diagram can be improved, and the phase center error of the antenna can be reduced. Compared with the common high-precision measurement type antenna, the antenna has the characteristics of small size, light weight and low cost, and is suitable for a carrier platform with limited load bearing capacity and limited installation size.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of satellite navigation and satellite communication antennas, and particularly relates to a measuring antenna adopting a wave dish-shaped director.
Background
At present, satellite navigation and satellite communication develop at a high speed, and the common characteristic of the satellite navigation and satellite communication is that a constellation is formed by a plurality of satellites, an antenna receives satellite signals in all directions at the same time, and the non-ideality and the multipath effect of an antenna phase center can introduce errors into the carrier phase measurement precision of a navigation and positioning system, so that a high-precision measurement type antenna is required to be used in high-precision measurement application.
At present, a 3D Choke (hook-Ring) technology is generally adopted in a high-precision measurement type antenna, the surface wave is restrained through the high-impedance characteristic of the surface of the antenna to achieve multipath interference resistance, the size of the Choke antenna is close to the wavelength of the working frequency due to the working principle based on resonance, and a good high-precision effect is achieved by multiple chokes, so that the size, the weight and the cost of the Choke antenna are greatly increased, the diameter of the existing high-precision measurement type antenna is larger than 90 mm, the weight of the existing high-precision measurement type antenna is larger than 120 g, and the existing high-precision measurement type antenna is not suitable for being used under the conditions of limited space, limited load or limited cost.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a measuring antenna adopting a wave dish-shaped director, and a plurality of concentric circular surface currents which are symmetrical about the center of the director are formed on the wave dish-shaped director by utilizing the tip effect of an electromagnetic field, so that the roll-off coefficient of an antenna directional diagram can be improved, and the phase center error of the antenna can be reduced. Compared with the traditional choke coil high-precision measurement type antenna, the invention has the characteristics of small size, light weight and low cost.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme.
A measuring antenna adopting a wave dish director comprises the wave dish director, a radiator, a short-circuit probe, a feed probe, a dielectric plate, a micro-strip bridge and a reflection bottom plate;
the reflecting bottom plate is an installation plane of the antenna, and the microstrip bridge is buried in the dielectric plate;
the medium plate is fixed on the reflecting bottom plate through a short-circuit probe, and the feed probe is connected with the microstrip bridge and the radiator;
the radiator is attached to the upper surface of the dielectric slab;
the wave dish-shaped director is used for generating a plurality of concentric circular surface currents and is positioned right above the radiator;
the vertical section of the wave dish-shaped director is wave-shaped, and the horizontal section of the wave dish-shaped director is concentric.
Preferably, the microstrip bridge forms excitation signals with the same amplitude and 90-degree phase difference, and an orthogonal mode is excited on the radiator through the feed probe to form circularly polarized waves.
Preferably, the geometric center of the wave dish director and the center of the radiator coincide in the horizontal direction; the radiator forms induced current on the wave-shaped director in a near-field coupling mode.
Preferably, the design formula of the vertical section curve of the wave-shaped dish-shaped director is as follows: y ═ D × sin (abs (W × X)), and the range of X is: -N × PI ≤ X ≤ and + N × PI; wherein N × W is the period number of the vertical section curve, D is the amplitude of the vertical section curve, and PI is the circumferential rate; the vertical distance between the highest point and the lowest point of the vertical section curve is the amplitude of the curve;
the design parameters satisfy the formula: and (N × PI)2 is not less than λ 2/(4) < lambda > where λ is a wavelength of the antenna operating frequency in free space and is the dielectric constant of the dielectric plate.
Preferably, the design parameter of the vertical section curve of the wave-shaped dish-shaped director satisfies the formula that D is more than or equal to 0.01 lambda and less than or equal to 0.05 lambda.
Preferably, the number of periods N × W of the vertical cross-section curve of the wave-shaped dish director satisfies:
3＜N*W＜20。
preferably, the distance between the lower surface of the wave-shaped dish-shaped director and the upper surface of the radiating body is less than or equal to 0.5 lambda.
Preferably, the wave-disk director is fixed directly above the radiator by a material having a dielectric constant of less than 20.
Compared with the defects of the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention can generate a plurality of concentric circular current distributions which are symmetrical about the center on the wave butterfly director, and the concentric circular current distributions not only can improve the roll-off coefficient of an antenna directional diagram to realize the effect of resisting multipath interference, but also can improve the symmetry of the antenna directional diagram and reduce the error of the phase center of the antenna, thereby achieving the effect of improving the measurement precision of the carrier phase of the system.
Compared with the existing high-precision measurement type antenna with the diameter of more than 90 mm and the weight of more than 120 g, the high-precision measurement type antenna adopting the wavy disc-shaped director has the characteristics of small size, light weight and low cost, the diameter of the high-precision measurement type antenna is 60mm, and the weight of the high-precision measurement type antenna is about 70 g; the method is suitable for the application environment with limited load bearing capacity and limited installation size of the carrier platform.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a side view of an antenna structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a side view of the wave dish director of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a top view of the wave dish director of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a current profile of the wave dish director of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph of the reflection coefficient of the antenna of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a simulation of antenna pattern and phase center errors of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a simulation result of a generic antenna pattern and phase center;
fig. 8 is an exploded view of the structure of the present invention.
The reference numerals are explained below:
1-wave dish director, 2-radiator, 3-short circuit probe, 4-feed probe, 5-dielectric plate, 6-microstrip bridge, 7-reflection bottom plate.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more apparent, the present application is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application.
The invention provides a high-precision measurement type antenna adopting a wave dish-shaped director, which comprises a wave dish-shaped director 1, a radiator 2, a short-circuit probe 3, a feed probe 4, a dielectric plate 5, a micro-strip bridge 6 and a reflection bottom plate 7 as shown in figure 1.
The reflection bottom plate 7 is a mounting plane of the antenna, the microstrip bridge 6 is buried in the dielectric plate 5, the dielectric plate 5 is fixed on the reflection bottom plate 7 through the short-circuit probe 3, the feed probe 4 is connected with the microstrip bridge 6 and the radiator 2, the radiator 2 is attached to the upper surface of the dielectric plate 5, and the wave dish-shaped director 1 is fixed right above the radiator 2 through a low dielectric constant material. The microstrip bridge 6 is used for forming excitation signals with the same amplitude and 90-degree phase difference, and an orthogonal mode is excited on the radiating body 2 through the feed probe 4 to form circularly polarized waves; a plurality of concentric circular surface currents are induced and generated on the wave-shaped dish-shaped director 1 through near-field coupling, and the formed antenna directional diagram is centrosymmetric, so that the phase center accuracy of the antenna is improved.
The invention has the innovation points that the wave dish-shaped director 1 with a three-dimensional structure is adopted, the structure is similar to a concentric wave shape, the whole appearance is in a flying saucer shape, the side view of the wave dish-shaped director is shown in figure 2, the top view of the wave dish-shaped director is shown in figure 3, and by taking the design of a high-precision measurement type antenna of the wave dish-shaped director with a central working frequency point of 2GHz as an example, the design idea is as follows:
1 determining the operating wavelength: firstly, one wavelength of 2GHz electromagnetic waves in free space is 150 mm;
2 selecting a dielectric material: selecting a TP2 medium with the dielectric constant of 6 and the thickness of 6mm, or selecting other media, wherein the dielectric constant is generally less than 20, and the performance is affected by the undersize of the antenna caused by the overhigh dielectric constant;
3 determining the number of concentric circles: then according to the constraint formula (N × PI)2≤λ2V (4) it can be calculated that N.ltoreq.9.7; in combination with the antenna size requirement, the better parameters N is 6.5 and W is 3 are screened out through simulation optimization, and the number of concentric circles is shown in the top view of fig. 2;
4, determining the amplitude of the concentric circle, wherein the design range of the amplitude is that D is not less than 0.01 lambda and not more than 0.05 lambda, the D is selected to be 0.02 lambda through simulation optimization, the amplitude of the concentric circle is shown in a side view in fig. 2, and the vertical distance between the highest point and the lowest point of the curve is the amplitude of the curve;
and 5, determining the curve design function of the wave-shaped disc-shaped director according to the parameters, wherein Y is 3 SIN (ABS (3X)), and the value range of X is as follows: -6.5 × PI ≦ X ≦ +6.5 × PI;
6, selecting the distance between the lower surface of the wave dish-shaped director and the lower radiator 2 to be 5mm through simulation optimization.
The specific design values of the parameters are only used for explaining the design process of the wave dish-shaped director, and part of the parameters are obtained by simulation optimization and are not used for limiting the invention to the design parameters. The radiator 2, the short circuit probe 3, the feed probe 4, the dielectric plate 5, the microstrip bridge 6 and the reflection bottom plate 7 in the invention are all general design and installation structures in engineering, and can be realized by those skilled in the art according to design requirements, and are not described herein again.
The wave dish director is excited by the radiator 2 in a coupling mode, induced current is generated on the director, the wave dish director utilizes the point effect that the electric potential of an electromagnetic field is dense at a place with large curvature of the surface of an object, a plurality of concentric circular surface currents are formed on the wave dish director, the current distribution is shown in figure 4, the concentric circular currents are centrosymmetric relative to the circle center of the wave dish director, and therefore a centrosymmetric antenna directional diagram is formed by taking the wave dish director as the center, and the purpose of reducing the phase center error of the antenna is achieved.
The reflection coefficient of the antenna is shown in fig. 5, the working bandwidth of the antenna is 150MHz, and the relative bandwidth is 8%; FIG. 6 shows the simulation results of the phase diagram and phase center errors of the present invention, with a phase center error 1 σ of 0.6mm and a normal gain of 7.6 dB; FIG. 7 shows simulation results of a normal antenna pattern and phase center under the same size condition, with a phase center error of 1 σ of 2.5mm and a normal gain of 6.7 dB; by comparing simulation results, the wave dish director can obviously improve phase center error, improve normal gain and roll-off coefficient of an antenna directional diagram, and is suitable for application of a high-precision measurement type antenna with multipath interference resistance. Fig. 8 is an exploded view of the antenna structure of the present invention, for further illustrating the three-dimensional structure thereof.
The antenna has the specific embodiment that the precision of the phase center of the antenna is 0.6mm at 2GHz, the diameter of the antenna is 60mm, the weight of the antenna is less than 70 g, and the size and the weight of the antenna are both far smaller than those of a high-precision antenna adopting a 3D choke coil technology, so that the antenna is suitable for a carrier platform with limited load bearing capacity and limited installation size and low-cost application.
It should be noted that, in this document, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
The present application is not limited to any specific form of hardware or software combination. In summary, the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present application. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (8)
1. A measurement type antenna adopting a wave dish director is characterized in that:
the device comprises a wave dish-shaped director (1), a radiator (2), a short-circuit probe (3), a feed probe (4), a dielectric plate (5), a micro-strip bridge (6) and a reflection bottom plate (7);
the reflection bottom plate (7) is an installation plane of the antenna, and the microstrip bridge (6) is buried in the dielectric plate (5);
the dielectric plate (5) is fixed on the reflection bottom plate through the short-circuit probe (3), and the feed probe (4) is connected with the micro-strip bridge (6) and the radiator (2);
the radiator (2) is attached to the upper surface of the dielectric plate (5);
the wave dish-shaped director (1) is used for generating a plurality of concentric circular surface currents and is positioned right above the radiator (2);
the vertical section of the wave dish-shaped director (1) is wave-shaped, and the horizontal section of the wave dish-shaped director is concentric.
2. The measurement type antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that:
the micro-strip bridge (6) forms excitation signals with the same amplitude and 90-degree phase difference, and an orthogonal mode is excited on the radiator (2) through the feed probe to form circularly polarized waves.
3. The measurement type antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that:
the geometric center of the wave dish-shaped director (1) and the center of the radiator are superposed in the horizontal direction;
the radiator (2) forms induced current on the wave-shaped disc-shaped director (1) in a near-field coupling mode.
4. The measurement type antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that:
the design formula of the vertical section curve of the wave dish-shaped director (1) is as follows: y ═ D × sin (abs (W × X)), and the range of X is: -N × PI ≤ X ≤ and + N × PI; wherein N × W is the period number of the vertical section curve, D is the amplitude of the vertical section curve, and PI is the circumferential rate; the vertical distance between the highest point and the lowest point of the vertical section curve is the amplitude of the curve;
the design parameters satisfy the formula: and (N × PI)2 is not less than λ 2/(4), wherein λ is one wavelength of the antenna working frequency in free space and is the dielectric constant of the dielectric plate (5).
5. The measurement type antenna according to claim 4, wherein:
the design parameter of the vertical section curve of the wave dish-shaped director (1) meets the formula that D is more than or equal to 0.01 lambda and less than or equal to 0.05 lambda.
6. The measurement type antenna according to claim 4, wherein:
the period number N W of the vertical section curve of the wave-shaped dish-shaped director (1) meets the following conditions:
3＜N*W＜20。
7. the measurement type antenna according to claim 4, wherein:
the distance between the lower surface of the wave dish-shaped director (1) and the upper surface of the radiator (2) is less than or equal to 0.5 lambda.
8. The measurement type antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that:
the wave-shaped dish-shaped director (1) is fixed right above the radiator (2) through a material with the dielectric constant less than 20.
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| CN202010568935.5A CN111740214B (en) | 2020-06-20 | 2020-06-20 | Measuring antenna adopting wave dish-shaped director |
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