CN111740172B - Gel electrolyte for zinc ion battery and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Gel electrolyte for zinc ion battery and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN111740172B
CN111740172B CN202010630839.9A CN202010630839A CN111740172B CN 111740172 B CN111740172 B CN 111740172B CN 202010630839 A CN202010630839 A CN 202010630839A CN 111740172 B CN111740172 B CN 111740172B
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gel electrolyte
cellulose
zinc
ion battery
divalent
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CN111740172A (en
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陈继章
陈敏峰
韩响
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Nanjing Forestry University
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/36—Accumulators not provided for in groups H01M10/05-H01M10/34
    • H01M10/38—Construction or manufacture
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/36—Accumulators not provided for in groups H01M10/05-H01M10/34
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0002—Aqueous electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0005—Acid electrolytes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0085—Immobilising or gelification of electrolyte
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0088—Composites
    • H01M2300/0091—Composites in the form of mixtures
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

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Abstract

The invention discloses a gel electrolyte for a zinc ion battery and a preparation method thereof, comprising the following steps: (1) Soaking a biomass material rich in cellulose in a strong alkaline water solution to obtain cellulose; (2) Adding a divalent zinc salt, a divalent manganese salt and an antifreeze agent into deionized water, heating and stirring, adding the cellulose obtained in the step (1), and stirring vigorously to completely dissolve the cellulose; (3) And (3) adding silicate into the solution obtained in the step (2), heating, stirring vigorously, treating by using an ultrasonic cell disruption instrument, and then pouring into a polytetrafluoroethylene mould to cool naturally to room temperature to obtain the gel electrolyte. According to the preparation method of the gel electrolyte for the zinc ion battery, the biomass material with very low price is used as the raw material, so that the cost of the gel electrolyte is obviously reduced; the preparation process is simple and convenient to operate and easy for large-scale production.

Description

Gel electrolyte for zinc ion battery and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to electrochemical energy storage, in particular to a gel electrolyte for a zinc ion battery and a preparation method thereof.
Background
In recent years, rechargeable zinc ion batteries using neutral or weakly acidic aqueous electrolytes have received extensive attention from academia and industry because of their high safety, low cost, environmental friendliness, and the like. Currently, zinc ion batteries face the following 3 problems: (1) The positive electrode material may be partially dissolved in the electrolyte, resulting in capacity fade; (2) Dendrite is easily formed on the surface of the zinc cathode and inert products are generated in the repeated charge and discharge process, which is extremely unfavorable for the cycle stability; (3) The aqueous electrolyte will inevitably freeze below zero degrees celsius so that the zinc ion battery cannot operate in a low temperature environment.
On the other hand, flexible wearable electronic devices are rapidly developing, and suitable flexible energy storage devices need to be developed, and flexible zinc ion batteries are a good choice. If a flexible zinc-ion cell is to be constructed, it is necessary to use a gel electrolyte instead of the conventional liquid electrolyte. Compared with liquid electrolyte, gel electrolyte has the following advantages: the problem that the liquid electrolyte is easy to leak is avoided; (2) Can maintain a certain shape without significant deformation under the action of external force; (3) can lighten the dissolution phenomenon of the positive electrode material; (4) Can inhibit zinc dendrite and inert products from generating on the surface of the zinc cathode; (5) the use of an additional diaphragm can be avoided.
Polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylamide, polyacrylic acid, gelatin, xanthan gum, guar gum, carrageenan and the like have been reported to be used for preparing gel electrolytes of zinc ion batteries, but the problems of high preparation cost, poor mechanical properties, low ionic conductivity, poor high and low temperature resistance and poor self-repairing property exist more or less, and the practical realization is difficult to realize truly. Cellulose is the most abundant renewable natural organic substance on the earth, has very low price, and also has the advantages of excellent mechanical property, high thermal stability, good biocompatibility, wide electrochemical stability window and the like, thus being an ideal raw material for constructing gel electrolyte.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: the invention aims to provide a gel electrolyte for a zinc ion battery, which can simultaneously have mechanical property, self-repairing capability, ion conductivity and freezing resistance and heat resistance.
The technical scheme is as follows: a gel electrolyte for a zinc ion battery comprises cellulose, divalent zinc salt, divalent manganese salt, an antifreeze agent and silicate, wherein the cellulose is obtained by crushing a biomass material rich in cellulose after being subjected to strong alkali treatment.
A method of preparing a gel electrolyte for a zinc ion battery, comprising the steps of:
(1) Immersing a biomass material rich in cellulose in a strong alkaline water solution, washing with deionized water, freeze-drying, and treating with a pulverizer to obtain cellulose;
(2) Adding divalent zinc salt, divalent manganese salt and an antifreeze agent into deionized water, heating and stirring to obtain a clear and transparent solution, then adding cellulose obtained in the step (1), and stirring vigorously to completely dissolve the cellulose;
(3) And (3) adding silicate into the solution obtained in the step (2), heating, stirring vigorously, treating by using an ultrasonic cell disruption instrument, and then pouring into a polytetrafluoroethylene mould to cool naturally to room temperature to obtain the gel electrolyte.
Further, the biomass material rich in cellulose in the step (1) is any one or a combination of a plurality of cotton, wood, straw, reed, hemp, mulberry bark, papermulberry bark and bagasse.
Further, the strong alkaline water solution in the step (1) is any one or a combination of a plurality of lithium hydroxide water solution, sodium hydroxide water solution and potassium hydroxide water solution.
Further, in the step (2), the divalent zinc salt is any one or a combination of more than one of zinc sulfate, zinc perchlorate, zinc trifluoromethane sulfonate and zinc bis (trifluoromethane sulfonyl) imide.
Further, in the step (2), the divalent manganese salt is any one or a combination of a plurality of manganese sulfate, manganese perchlorate, manganese trifluoromethane sulfonate and bis (trifluoromethane sulfonyl) imide manganese.
Further, the antifreeze agent in the step (2) is any one or a combination of more of glycerol, ethylene glycol, sorbitol and dimethyl sulfoxide.
Further, the ratio of the divalent zinc salt in step (2) to the deionized water in step (2) is 0.1-1mol:100mL.
Further, the molar ratio of the divalent manganese salt in the step (2) to the divalent zinc salt in the step (2) is 0-1:1.
Further, the volume ratio of the antifreeze agent in the step (2) to the deionized water in the step (2) is 0-100:100.
Further, the ratio of the cellulose in the step (2) to the deionized water in the step (2) is 0.5-5 g/100 mL.
Further, in the step (3), the silicate is any one or a combination of more than one of tetraethyl orthosilicate, methyl orthosilicate, propyl orthosilicate and butyl orthosilicate.
Further, the volume ratio of the silicate in the step (3) to the deionized water in the step (2) is 0.5-10:100.
The beneficial effects are that: according to the preparation method of the gel electrolyte for the zinc ion battery, the cellulose with very low price is used as the raw material, so that the cost of the gel electrolyte is obviously reduced; the preparation process is simple and convenient to operate and easy for large-scale production. The gel electrolyte for the zinc ion battery, which is prepared by the preparation method, has outstanding mechanical properties, good self-repairing capability, ultrahigh ion conductivity and extraordinary freezing resistance and heat resistance, can solve the problems of high preparation cost, poor mechanical properties, low ion conductivity, poor high and low temperature resistance and lack of self-repairing property of the zinc ion battery gel electrolyte in the prior art, really realizes practicability and has better commercial application prospect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a tensile stress-strain curve of the gel electrolyte obtained in example 1;
FIG. 2 is a Nyquist plot of the stainless steel// gel electrolyte// stainless steel cell obtained in example 1 at 20 ℃;
FIG. 3 is a Nyquist plot of the stainless steel// gel electrolyte// stainless steel cell obtained in example 1 at-20 ℃;
FIG. 4 is a Nyquist plot at 60℃for the stainless steel// gel electrolyte// stainless steel cell obtained in example 1;
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the rate performance at 20℃of the zinc-ion battery obtained in example 1;
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the rate performance at-20℃of the zinc ion battery obtained in example 1;
fig. 7 shows the rate performance at 60 ℃ of the zinc-ion battery obtained in example 1.
Detailed Description
For a further understanding of the present invention, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings and examples.
A method of preparing a gel electrolyte for a zinc ion battery, comprising the steps of:
example 1
Soaking seed-removed cotton in 18wt% NaOH water solution, maintaining at 80deg.C for 4 hr, washing with deionized water, freeze drying, and pulverizing to obtain cellulose; 0.45mol of ZnSO 4 ·7H 2 O, 0.045mol MnSO 4 ·H 2 Adding O and 30mL of glycerol into 100mL of deionized water, heating and stirring at 60 ℃ to obtain a clear and transparent solution, then adding 2g of cellulose, and stirring vigorously to completely dissolve the cellulose; 3mL of tetraethyl orthosilicate is added into the obtained solution, the temperature is raised to 80 ℃, the solution is treated for 5min by an ultrasonic cytoclasis instrument after being vigorously stirred for 4h, and then the solution is poured into a polytetrafluoroethylene mould to be naturally cooled for 12h, so as to obtain the gel electrolyte.
The tensile stress-strain curve of the gel electrolyte prepared in the example is shown in fig. 1, the elongation at break is as high as 846.5%, the breaking strength is as high as 2.11MPa, and the gel electrolyte has excellent mechanical properties.
The gel electrolyte prepared in the embodiment is disconnected and then reconnected, and after standing for 2 hours at room temperature, the tensile property test is performed, so that the self-repairing efficiency can reach 82.6%.
The gel electrolyte prepared in this example was assembled with two stainless steel sheets to form a stainless steel// gel electrolyte// stainless steel battery, and electrochemical ac impedance tests were performed, and nyquist diagrams obtained by the tests at 20 ℃, -20 ℃ and 60 ℃ are shown in fig. 2, fig. 3 and fig. 4, respectively. It can be calculated that the ionic conductivities of the gel electrolytes obtained in the present example at 20 ℃, -20 ℃ and 60 ℃ are as high as 32.3, 24.1 and 38.5mS cm, respectively –1 The gel electrolyte has high ionic conductivity and excellent freezing resistance.
The graphene/manganese dioxide nanocomposite is coated on a titanium foil as an anode, and a zinc foil cathode and the gel electrolyte prepared in the embodiment are adopted to assemble the zinc ion battery. Fig. 5, 6 and 7 are respectively the rate performance test results of the zinc ion battery obtained in this example under the conditions of 20 ℃, -20 ℃ and 60 ℃. The zinc ion battery obtained was initially 0.2. 0.2A g at 20 ℃ –1 The specific discharge capacity of the 10 th cycle under the current density is 277.3mAh g –1 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the When the current density is increased to 0.5, 1, 3 and 5A g in turn –1 At each rate, the discharge specific capacities of the last cycle are 257.3, 230.1, 183.2 and 138.9mAh g respectively –1 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the When the current density is restored to 0.2A g –1 At the same time, the specific discharge capacity of the 10 th cycle at the current density was recovered to 278.1mAh g –1 . The zinc ion battery obtained was initially 0.2. 0.2A g at-20deg.C –1 The specific discharge capacity of the 10 th cycle under the current density is 262.2mAh g –1 Only a 5.4% drop compared to 20 ℃; when the current density is increased to 0.5, 1, 3 and 5A g in turn –1 At each rate, the discharge specific capacities of the last cycle are 246.3, 217.8, 167.3 and 120.5mAh g respectively –1 The drop is less compared with 20 ℃; when the current density is restored to 0.2A g –1 At the same time, the specific discharge capacity of the 10 th cycle at the current density is recovered to 267.4mAh g –1 . The zinc ion battery obtained was initially 0.2. 0.2A g at 60 ℃ –1 The specific discharge capacity of the 10 th cycle under the current density is 328.3mAh g –1 Elevated compared to 20 ℃; when the current density is increased to 0.5, 1, 3 and 5A g in turn –1 At each rate, the discharge specific capacities of the last cycle are 308.5, 252.1, 204.2 and 142.3mAh g respectively –1 All are higher than the corresponding capacity at 20 ℃; when the current density is restored to 0.2A g –1 At this time, the specific discharge capacity at the 10 th cycle at this current density was recovered to 320.3mAh g –1 . The above test results demonstrate that the zinc ion battery based on the gel electrolyte prepared in this example can give very excellent electrochemical properties at both normal temperature and high and low temperature.
The above results demonstrate that the gel electrolyte obtained in this example has excellent mechanical properties, good self-repairing ability, ultra-high ionic conductivity and extraordinary freeze resistance.
Example 2
Soaking seed-removed cotton in 18wt% NaOH water solution, maintaining at 80deg.C for 4 hr, washing with deionized water, freeze drying, and pulverizingAnd (3) processing to obtain cellulose; 0.45mol of ZnSO 4 ·7H 2 O, 0.045mol MnSO 4 ·H 2 Adding O and 10mL of glycerol into 120mL of deionized water, heating and stirring at 60 ℃ to obtain a clear and transparent solution, then adding 2g of cellulose, and stirring vigorously to completely dissolve the cellulose; 3mL of tetraethyl orthosilicate is added into the obtained solution, the temperature is raised to 80 ℃, the solution is treated for 5min by an ultrasonic cytoclasis instrument after being vigorously stirred for 4h, and then the solution is poured into a polytetrafluoroethylene mould to be naturally cooled for 12h, so as to obtain the gel electrolyte.
The gel electrolyte prepared in this example was assembled with two stainless steel sheets to form a stainless steel// gel electrolyte// stainless steel battery, and an electrochemical ac impedance test was performed to find that the ion conductivity of the gel electrolyte obtained in this example was 33.4mScm at 20 ℃ -1 。
Example 3
Soaking seed-removed cotton in 18wt% NaOH water solution, maintaining at 80deg.C for 4 hr, washing with deionized water, freeze drying, and pulverizing to obtain cellulose; 0.45mol ZnSO 4 ·7H 2 O、0.045mol MnSO 4 ·H 2 Adding O and 40mL of glycerol into 90mL of deionized water, heating and stirring at 60 ℃ to obtain a clear and transparent solution, then adding 2g of cellulose, and stirring vigorously to completely dissolve the cellulose; 3mL of tetraethyl orthosilicate is added into the obtained solution, the temperature is raised to 80 ℃, the solution is treated for 5min by an ultrasonic cytoclasis instrument after being vigorously stirred for 4h, and then the solution is poured into a polytetrafluoroethylene mould to be naturally cooled for 12h, so as to obtain the gel electrolyte.
The gel electrolyte prepared in this example was assembled with two stainless steel sheets to form a stainless steel// gel electrolyte// stainless steel battery, and an electrochemical ac impedance test was performed to find that the ion conductivity of the gel electrolyte obtained in this example was 27.6mS cm at 20 ℃ –1 。
Example 4
Soaking seed-removed cotton in 18wt% NaOH water solution, maintaining at 80deg.C for 4 hr, washing with deionized water, freeze drying, and pulverizing to obtain cellulose; 0.45mol ZnSO 4 ·7H 2 O、0.045mol MnSO 4 ·H 2 Adding O and 30mL of glycerol into 100mL of deionized water, heating and stirring at 60 ℃ to obtain a clear and transparent solution, then adding 2g of cellulose, and stirring vigorously to completely dissolve the cellulose; 1mL of tetraethyl orthosilicate is added into the obtained solution, the temperature is raised to 80 ℃, the solution is treated for 5min by an ultrasonic cytoclasis instrument after being vigorously stirred for 4h, and then the solution is poured into a polytetrafluoroethylene mould to be naturally cooled for 12h, so as to obtain the gel electrolyte.
The gel electrolyte prepared in this example was assembled with two stainless steel sheets to form a stainless steel// gel electrolyte// stainless steel battery, and an electrochemical ac impedance test was performed to find that the ion conductivity of the gel electrolyte obtained in this example was 22.4mS cm at 20 ℃ –1 。
Example 5
Soaking seed-removed cotton in 18wt% NaOH water solution, maintaining at 80deg.C for 4 hr, washing with deionized water, freeze drying, and pulverizing to obtain cellulose; 0.45mol ZnSO 4 ·7H 2 O、0.045mol MnSO 4 ·H 2 Adding O and 30mL of glycerol into 100mL of deionized water, heating and stirring at 60 ℃ to obtain a clear and transparent solution, then adding 2g of cellulose, and stirring vigorously to completely dissolve the cellulose; 5mL of tetraethyl orthosilicate is added into the obtained solution, the temperature is raised to 80 ℃, the solution is treated for 5min by an ultrasonic cytoclasis instrument after being vigorously stirred for 4h, and then the solution is poured into a polytetrafluoroethylene mould to be naturally cooled for 12h, so as to obtain the gel electrolyte.
The gel electrolyte prepared in this example was assembled with two stainless steel sheets to form a stainless steel// gel electrolyte// stainless steel battery, and an electrochemical ac impedance test was performed to find that the ion conductivity of the gel electrolyte obtained in this example was 15.3mS cm at 20 ℃ –1 。

Claims (5)

1. A gel electrolyte for a zinc ion battery, which is characterized by comprising cellulose, divalent zinc salt, divalent manganese salt, antifreeze and silicate, wherein the cellulose is obtained by crushing a biomass material rich in cellulose after being subjected to strong alkali treatment;
the preparation method of the gel electrolyte comprises the following steps:
(1) Immersing a biomass material rich in cellulose in a strong alkaline water solution, washing with deionized water, freeze-drying, and treating with a pulverizer to obtain cellulose;
(2) Adding divalent zinc salt, divalent manganese salt and an antifreeze agent into deionized water, heating and stirring to obtain a clear and transparent solution, then adding cellulose obtained in the step (1), and stirring vigorously to completely dissolve the cellulose;
(3) Adding silicate into the solution obtained in the step (2), heating, stirring vigorously, treating by using an ultrasonic cell disruption instrument, pouring into a polytetrafluoroethylene mould, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain a gel electrolyte;
in the step (2), the antifreeze agent is any one or a combination of more than one of glycerol, ethylene glycol, sorbitol and dimethyl sulfoxide, and the volume ratio of the antifreeze agent to deionized water is 0-100:100; the ratio of the divalent zinc salt to deionized water is 0.1-1mol:100mL, and the molar ratio of the divalent manganese salt to the divalent zinc salt is 0-1:1; the ratio of the cellulose to the deionized water is 0.5-5g to 100mL;
the silicate in the step (3) is any one or a combination of more than one of tetraethyl orthosilicate, methyl orthosilicate, propyl orthosilicate and butyl orthosilicate, and the volume ratio of the silicate to the deionized water in the step (2) is 0.5-10:100.
2. The gel electrolyte for zinc-ion battery according to claim 1, wherein the cellulose-rich biomass material in step (1) is any one or a combination of more of cotton, wood, straw, reed, hemp, mulberry bark, papermulberry bark, bagasse.
3. The gel electrolyte for a zinc ion battery according to claim 1, wherein the strong alkali aqueous solution in step (1) is any one or a combination of a plurality of lithium hydroxide aqueous solution, sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, and potassium hydroxide aqueous solution.
4. The gel electrolyte for a zinc ion battery according to claim 1, wherein the divalent zinc salt in step (2) is any one or a combination of more of zinc sulfate, zinc perchlorate, zinc trifluoromethane sulfonate, and zinc bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide.
5. The gel electrolyte for a zinc ion battery according to claim 1, wherein the divalent manganese salt in step (2) is any one or a combination of more of manganese sulfate, manganese perchlorate, manganese trifluoromethane sulfonate, and manganese bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide.
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