CN111739499B - 粗糙内插管式水下亥姆霍兹共鸣腔 - Google Patents
粗糙内插管式水下亥姆霍兹共鸣腔 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种粗糙内插管式水下亥姆霍兹共鸣腔,通过焊接或胶接腔体和粗糙内插管,形成亥姆霍兹共振腔,并在内插管内壁上引入轴向粗糙度,改善了结构的声阻抗特性,在腔体的内壁上粘贴阻尼内衬层,提供了额外的声容和声阻,提高了结构的低频吸声性能,拓宽了结构的吸声带宽。腔体结构在实现良好的低频吸声性能的前提下,减轻了结构重量,保证了结构承载性能。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及水下吸声领域,具体是一种粗糙内插管式水下亥姆霍兹共鸣腔。
背景技术
声学超材料是一种人工周期性复合结构,具有不同于天然材料的超常规声学特性,如声聚焦、负折射、单向透射、声隐身等。此外,深亚波长尺度结构对低频声波的完美吸收也是声学超材料的重要特殊性质之一。在空气声学中,通过空间缠绕或层级穿孔的结构设计,可以实现基于亥姆霍兹共振原理的完美吸收。通过具有不同几何参数的多个单元的并行连接,其中一些结构也表现出宽频带吸收能力。但在水声学中,由于水的近似不可压缩性和相对较小的粘性,依赖于空气的粘性能量耗散的超材料将不再适用。此外,在相同频率下,水中的声波波长是空气的4倍以上,这使得通过小尺寸结构实现低频的完全吸收变得更加困难。而传统的水下吸声材料/结构,例如具有周期性排布的空腔的吸声覆盖层、局域共振型声子晶体、阻抗渐变型吸声覆盖层等材料/结构,其基体大多为橡胶或聚氨酯,实际工作时需粘贴在水下装备的钢制外壳上,一方面增加了结构重量,另一方面承载性能较差,在深水载荷作用下易发生变形,从而削弱其吸声性能。综合来看,上述结构普遍存在带宽较窄、低频吸声性能不佳、加工制造困难、尺寸较大、轻量化性能不佳的问题。
发明内容
本发明为了解决现有技术的问题,提供了一种粗糙内插管式水下亥姆霍兹共鸣腔,解决传统水下吸声结构在普遍存在的带宽较窄、低频吸声性能不佳、加工制造困难、尺寸较大、轻量化性能不佳的问题。
本发明提供了一种粗糙内插管式水下亥姆霍兹共鸣腔,包括腔体、粗糙内插管和阻尼内衬层,腔体和粗糙内插管通过焊接或胶接相连,阻尼内衬层粘贴于腔体的内壁上,形成一种粗糙内插管式水下亥姆霍兹共鸣腔。
本发明通过焊接或胶接腔体和粗糙内插管,形成亥姆霍兹共振腔,并在内插管内壁上引入轴向粗糙度,改善了结构的声阻抗特性,在腔体的内壁上粘贴阻尼内衬层,提供了额外的声容和声阻,提高了结构的低频吸声性能,拓宽了结构的吸声带宽。腔体结构在实现良好的低频吸声性能的前提下,减轻了结构重量,保证了结构承载性能。
具体的,腔体由结构钢等硬质材料制成,上表面开有一个小孔,下表面固定在需要声学处理的结构表面上,结构钢的应用使结构具有良好的承载性能。
进一步的,腔体的直径为30~40mm,腔体作为亥姆霍兹共振腔,起到了声容的作用,通过调整腔体的直径,可以控制结构的峰值吸声频率。
进一步的,腔体的高度为30~50mm,腔体的高度决定了共振腔体的尺寸,改变腔体高度可以调整结构的吸声频带。
具体的,粗糙内插管由结构钢等硬质材料制成,通过焊接或胶接与腔体上的开孔相连,粗糙内插管的设置将使腔体内部与外部连通,水通过粗糙内插管流入腔体内部,形成亥姆霍兹共振腔。
进一步的,粗糙内插管的平均直径为3~5mm,粗糙内插管的直径决定了管内水柱的直径,通过调节粗糙内插管直径可以改变结构的亥姆霍兹共振特性,从而调节结构的吸声性能。
进一步的,粗糙内插管的相对粗糙度为0.15~0.3,粗糙内插管的相对粗糙度决定了管内水柱的直径变化幅值,通过调节粗糙内插管相对粗糙度可以调控结构的声阻抗,实现对结构吸声性能的调控。
进一步的,粗糙内插管的空间波数为0.32π~0.75π,粗糙内插管的空间波数决定了管内水柱的直径变化情况,通过调节粗糙内插管的空间波数可以调控结构的声阻抗,实现对结构吸声性能的调控。
进一步的,粗糙内插管的长度为25~40mm,粗糙内插管的长度决定了穿孔内水柱的高度,控制着结构的共振吸声特性。
具体的,阻尼内衬层由橡胶或聚氨酯等粘弹性材料制成,粘贴于腔体内壁上,阻尼内衬层的粘贴为亥姆霍兹共鸣腔提供了额外的声阻和声容,改善了结构的阻抗特性,有利于实现结构的低频水下吸声。
进一步的,阻尼内衬层厚度为2mm~4mm,阻尼内衬层的厚度决定了额外增加的声阻和声容的大小,对结构的声阻抗特性会产生影响,通过合理设计可以实现特定频率的优异吸声效果。
本发明有益效果在于:
1、具有优异的低频吸声性能。本发明试件在196~353Hz的一定频率处的吸声系数可达到0.99以上,实现了完美吸声。与传统结构相比,其吸声系数向低频移动了60%~78%,吸声系数峰值提升了58%。且结构厚度仅为相应的完美吸声波长的1/153~1/135,是一种深亚波长尺度低频完美吸声超材料。
2、具有良好的承载性能和轻量化性能。本发明的腔体由结构钢等硬质材料制成,该结构具有良好的耐压性能,是一种承载、轻量化的多功能结构。
3、具有更多的可调参数和变量。本发明中的腔体直径、腔体高度、粗糙内插管直径、粗糙内插管相对粗糙度、粗糙内插管空间波数、粗糙内插管长度和阻尼内衬层厚度均为可调参数,可以根据具体的使用场景,如对承载性能的要求或对声学性能的要求合理的进行选择调整。
4、结构简单,易于制造。
附图说明
图1为一种粗糙内插管式水下亥姆霍兹共鸣腔示意图,其中,(a)为一种粗糙内插管式水下亥姆霍兹共鸣腔示意图,(b)为一种粗糙内插管式水下亥姆霍兹共鸣腔剖视图,(c)为粗糙内插管剖视图;
图2为本发明三个实施例在0~1000Hz内的吸声系数示意图。
其中:1.腔体;2.粗糙内插管;3. 阻尼内衬层。
具体实施方式
在本发明的描述中,需要理解的是,术语“中心”、“纵向”、“横向”、“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“顶”、“底”、“内”、“外”、“一侧”、“一端”、“一边”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系,仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述,而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作,因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。此外,在本发明的描述中,除非另有说明,“多个”的含义是两个或两个以上。
在本发明的描述中,需要说明的是,除非另有明确的规定和限定,术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解,例如,可以是固定连接,也可以是可拆卸连接,或一体地连接;可以是机械连接,也可以是电连接;可以是直接相连,也可以通过中间媒介间接相连,可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言,可以具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。
本发明一种粗糙内插管式水下亥姆霍兹共鸣腔,通过焊接或胶接腔体1和粗糙内插管2,形成亥姆霍兹共振腔,并在内插管内壁上引入轴向粗糙度,改善了结构的声阻抗特性,在腔体的内壁上粘贴阻尼内衬层3,提供了额外的声容和声阻,提高了结构的低频吸声性能,拓宽了结构的吸声带宽。腔体1结构在实现良好的低频吸声性能的前提下,减轻了结构重量,保证了结构承载性能,解决了传统水下吸声结构在普遍存在的带宽较窄、低频吸声性能不佳、加工制造困难、尺寸较大、轻量化性能不佳的问题。
请参阅图1(a)、图1(b)和图1(c),本发明一种粗糙内插管式水下亥姆霍兹共鸣腔,包括腔体1、粗糙内插管2和阻尼内衬层3,腔体1和粗糙内插管2通过焊接或胶接相连,阻尼内衬层3粘贴于腔体1 的内壁上,形成一种粗糙内插管式水下亥姆霍兹共鸣腔。
腔体1由结构钢等硬质材料制成,上表面开有一个小孔,下表面固定在需要声学处理的结构表面上,腔体1直径为30~40mm,形状为圆柱型、长方体型、六棱柱型或不规则形,腔体1的高度为30~50mm。
粗糙内插管2由结构钢等硬质材料制成,通过焊接或胶接与腔体上的开孔相连,粗糙内插管2内壁的轴向粗糙度由函数Г=d×[0.5-δcos(βx)]刻画,其中d为粗糙内插管的平均直径,δ为粗糙内插管的相对粗糙度,β为粗糙内插管的空间波数,x为沿粗糙内插管长度方向的坐标,粗糙内插管2的平均直径为3~5mm,粗糙内插管2的相对粗糙度为0.15~0.3,粗糙内插管2的空间波数为0.32π~0.75π,粗糙内插管2的长度为25~40mm。
阻尼内衬层3由橡胶或聚氨酯等粘弹性材料制成,粘贴于腔体的内壁上,阻尼内衬层3的厚度为2~4mm。
使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚,下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。通常在此处附图中的描述和所示的本发明实施例的组件可以通过各种不同的配置来布置和设计。因此,以下对在附图中提供的本发明的实施例的详细描述并非旨在限制要求保护的本发明的范围,而是仅仅表示本发明的选定实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
本发明由腔体、粗糙内插管和阻尼内衬层组成,其吸声性能主要由共鸣腔参数决定,具体包括腔体直径、腔体高度、粗糙内插管直径、粗糙内插管相对粗糙度、粗糙内插管空间波数、粗糙内插管长度和阻尼内衬层厚度。承载和轻量化性能主要由腔体尺寸决定,包括腔体直径、腔体高度。由于这些结构参数均为可调参数,所以可以通过调节实现相应的吸声、承载和轻量化性能要求。下面通过具体实施例进行对本发明技术方案进行示例性说明。
实施例用材料:
结构钢:其特征是密度7850kg/m3,杨氏模量200GPa,泊松比0.2。
水:其特征是密度1000kg/m3,声速1500m/s,动力粘度系数0.00101Pa·s。
橡胶:其特征是密度1100 kg/m3,杨氏模量10MPa,泊松比0.49,损耗因子0.2。
对比例的结构尺寸以及材料选择:
对比例
选择无粗糙度、无阻尼内衬层的内插管式亥姆霍兹共振吸声结构作为对比例,其中,腔体直径30mm,腔体高度30mm,内插管直径3mm,内插管长度25mm。
实施例的结构尺寸以及材料选择:
实施例1
腔体直径30mm,腔体高度30mm,粗糙内插管直径3mm,粗糙内插管相对粗糙度0.15,粗糙内插管空间波数0.32π,粗糙内插管长度25mm,阻尼内衬层厚度2mm。
实施例2
腔体直径35mm,腔体高度40mm,粗糙内插管直径4mm,粗糙内插管相对粗糙度0.2,粗糙内插管空间波数0.67π,粗糙内插管长度30mm,阻尼内衬层厚度3mm。
实施例3
腔体直径40mm,腔体高度50mm,粗糙内插管直径5mm,粗糙内插管相对粗糙度0.3,粗糙内插管空间波数0.75π,粗糙内插管长度40mm,阻尼内衬层厚度4mm。
请参阅图2,在低频时的亥姆霍兹共振现象可以在一定频率范围内实现高效吸声。通过在内插管内壁引入轴向粗糙度,并在腔体内壁粘贴阻尼内衬层,改善了结构的声阻抗特性,增强了结构的声阻和声质量,使本发明实现了低频完美吸声。
请参阅图2,对比例在882Hz处达到吸声峰值,峰值大小为0.42,由于结构阻尼不足,无法实现有效吸声。
实施例1与对比例具有相同的结构参数,其区别在于实施例1的内插管的内壁具有轴向粗糙度,且其腔体内壁上粘贴有2mm的阻尼内衬层,其可在353Hz处实现完美吸声,吸声峰值为0.99。与对比例相比,在内插管引入轴向粗糙度,并在腔体内壁粘贴阻尼内衬层后,本发明的吸声峰值向低频移动了529Hz(60%),吸声峰值大小提高了0.58(58%)。与对比例相比,结构的吸声性能得到了很大的改善。此时结构厚度仅为30mm,为相应的完美吸声波长的1/142,因此该结构为一种深亚波长尺度低频完美吸声超材料;
实施例2在进一步优化结构参数后,在277Hz处实现完美吸声,吸声峰值为0.99。与对比例相比,实施例2的吸声峰值向低频移动了605Hz(69%),吸声峰值大小提高了0.58(58%)。与对比例相比,结构的吸声性能得到了很大的改善。此时结构厚度仅为40mm,为相应的完美吸声波长的1/135,因此该结构为一种深亚波长尺度低频完美吸声超材料;
实施例3在进一步优化结构参数后,在196Hz处实现完美吸声,吸声峰值为0.99。与对比例相比,实施例3的吸声峰值向低频移动了686Hz(78%),吸声峰值大小提高了0.58(58%)。与对比例相比,结构的吸声性能得到了很大的改善。此时结构厚度仅为50mm,为相应的完美吸声波长的1/153,因此该结构为一种深亚波长尺度低频完美吸声超材料;
从吸声系数曲线可以看出本发明可以在一定的频率范围内实现优异的低频吸声性能,并且通过不同的结构参数的设计可以实现对声学性能的调节。
本发明具体应用途径很多,以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式,应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理的前提下,还可以作出若干改进,这些改进也应视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种粗糙内插管式水下亥姆霍兹共鸣腔,其特征在于:包括腔体、粗糙内插管和阻尼内衬层,腔体和粗糙内插管通过焊接或胶接相连,阻尼内衬层粘贴于腔体的内壁上,形成粗糙内插管式水下亥姆霍兹共鸣腔;所述的腔体上表面开有小孔,下表面固定在需要声学处理的结构表面上;所述的粗糙内插管通过焊接或胶接与腔体上的小孔相连,粗糙内插管内壁的轴向粗糙度由函数Г=d×[0.5-δcos(βx)]刻画,其中d为粗糙内插管的平均直径,δ为粗糙内插管的相对粗糙度,β为粗糙内插管的空间波数,x为沿粗糙内插管长度方向的坐标。
2.根据权利要求1所述的粗糙内插管式水下亥姆霍兹共鸣腔,其特征在于:所述的腔体由硬质材料制成,包括结构钢。
3.根据权利要求1所述的粗糙内插管式水下亥姆霍兹共鸣腔,其特征在于:所述的腔体的直径为30~40mm,形状为圆柱型、长方体型、六棱柱型或不规则形。
4.根据权利要求1所述的粗糙内插管式水下亥姆霍兹共鸣腔,其特征在于:所述的腔体的高度为30~50mm。
5.根据权利要求1所述的粗糙内插管式水下亥姆霍兹共鸣腔,其特征在于:所述的粗糙内插管由硬质材料制成,包括结构钢。
6.根据权利要求1所述的粗糙内插管式水下亥姆霍兹共鸣腔,其特征在于:所述的粗糙内插管的平均直径为3~5mm。
7.根据权利要求1所述的粗糙内插管式水下亥姆霍兹共鸣腔,其特征在于:所述的粗糙内插管的相对粗糙度为0.15~0.3mm。
8.根据权利要求1所述的粗糙内插管式水下亥姆霍兹共鸣腔,其特征在于:所述的粗糙内插管的空间波数为0.32π~0.75π。
9.根据权利要求1所述的粗糙内插管式水下亥姆霍兹共鸣腔,其特征在于:所述的粗糙内插管的长度为25~40mm。
10.根据权利要求1所述的粗糙内插管式水下亥姆霍兹共鸣腔,其特征在于:所述的阻尼内衬层粘弹性材料制成,包括橡胶或聚氨酯,阻尼内衬层的厚度为2~4mm。
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