CN111734552B

CN111734552B - Hard partition board of solid engine and preparation method thereof

Info

Publication number: CN111734552B
Application number: CN201910275123.9A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 赵楠; 黄烁; 何岚; 马焕楠; 潘海平
Original assignee: Zhuhai Kailide New Material Co ltd
Current assignee: Zhuhai Kailide New Material Co ltd
Priority date: 2019-03-25
Filing date: 2019-03-25
Publication date: 2022-01-11
Anticipated expiration: 2039-03-25
Also published as: CN111734552A

Abstract

The invention discloses a hard clapboard of a solid engine, which comprises the following structures: the hat comprises a hat brim, wherein the middle part of the hat brim protrudes to one side to form a convex part, and the outer surface of the convex part is provided with a honeycomb-shaped porous structure. Meanwhile, the preparation method of the hard separator is also disclosed, and comprises the following steps: preparing a mould, preparing silicon carbide ceramic slurry, preparing a hard partition board ceramic green body, sintering, compounding aluminum alloy and a silicon carbide material, and preparing the hard partition board. The hard partition board prepared by the invention has light weight, and when the hard partition board is applied to an engine in a missile, the engine performance is stable, the missile range is greatly improved, and the hard partition board can also be applied to various small-caliber pulse solid engines with the calibers smaller than 200 mm. The hard partition board is simple in preparation process, the problems that the ceramic hard partition board is difficult to process and is fragile are solved, and the production cost is also reduced.

Description

Hard partition board of solid engine and preparation method thereof

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of engines, and particularly relates to a hard partition plate of a solid engine and a preparation method thereof.

Background

The pulse solid engine divides a solid engine combustion chamber into a plurality of parts by using an isolation device (for example, a hard partition in the engine combustion chamber divides the combustion chamber into a first-stage combustion chamber and a second-stage combustion chamber, and the solid engine combustion chamber can also be divided into a plurality of stages by using a plurality of hard partitions), shutdown and startup are carried out for a plurality of times, thrust and each pulse interval time are reasonably distributed, optimal control of missile flight trajectory and optimal management of engine energy are realized, and the performance of various tactical missiles is comprehensively improved.

Taking a double-pulse solid engine as an example, compared with a traditional single-thrust or single-chamber engine, the double-pulse solid engine has four advantages: the method has double-range attack capability; secondly, the range is farther, and the killing area is larger; the maneuverability is stronger, and the precision is higher; fourthly, the area which can not escape is larger. Under the same condition, the missile adopting the double-pulse solid engine as a power system has the advantages that the final speed can be improved by 20 percent, the range can be increased by about 20 to 30 percent, and the airspace can be enlarged by 1.5 to 2 times.

The conditions that a diaphragm (also referred to as a bay) of a pulsed solid engine needs to meet are: 1. when the primary combustion chamber works (the time is about 5-40 s), the partition plate needs to bear the high temperature and the pressure (2000-; 2. and after the primary combustion chamber works for 10s-5mins, the secondary combustion chamber starts to work, the partition plate needs to be rapidly cracked after the secondary combustion chamber is pressurized (at 3000 ℃ and 1-5 Mpa), the diameter of the cracked sectional area at the partition plate needs to be larger than 2 times of the diameter of the spray pipe, fragments with the largest diameter need to be smaller than 0.5 time of the diameter of the spray pipe, and the fragments cannot have sharp edges and corners.

At present, the isolating devices of the double-pulse solid engine and the multi-pulse solid engine are mainly divided into a nonmetal soft clapboard (only used for the double-pulse solid engine), a nonmetal fragile hard clapboard and a metal diaphragm type clapboard.

The main material of the nonmetal soft partition board is rubber (high silica rubber is more commonly used), solid gunpowder is filled in the second-stage combustion chamber, the rubber soft partition board is tightly attached to the second-stage explosive column, and when the first-stage combustion chamber works, the rubber soft partition board is released at the end of the second-stage explosive column by the impact force of one layer of explosive column to generate small deformation. Meanwhile, the rubber soft partition board can effectively absorb heat energy through sublimation at high temperature, and the secondary explosive column is prevented from being ignited at high temperature. When the secondary combustion chamber works, the rubber soft partition plate becomes thin after being ablated, and the primary combustion chamber does not provide supporting force for the rubber soft partition plate, so that the whole secondary combustion chamber is easy to deform and open. However, the rubber soft partition also has the following defects: firstly, the soft partition plate with the diameter less than 170mm cannot be prepared due to the preparation reason, so that the soft partition plate cannot be applied to small-caliber missiles and rocket missiles; secondly, due to the difference of ablation effects on the rubber soft partition plate when the primary combustion chamber works, the great difference of the opening pressure and time of the rubber soft partition plate when the secondary combustion chamber works exists, and the posture adjustment of the flight control system on rocket projectiles and guided missiles is influenced to a great extent; thirdly, the secondary explosive columns need to be tightly attached to the rubber soft partition plate, so that the structure of the solid engine is greatly limited.

At present, the non-metal fragile type partition plate mainly adopts glass/ceramic materials, and utilizes the characteristic that the compressive strength of the materials is far beyond the tensile strength, so that the partition plate is not broken when the convex surface bears high pressure (namely, the partition plate bears the high pressure of the working of a first-stage combustion chamber on the convex surface), and the concave surface is pressed (namely, the partition plate bears the high pressure of the working of a second-stage combustion chamber on the concave surface) after the convex surface of the partition plate bears the pressure and is not broken. However, the ceramic separator also has the following use defects: firstly, due to the performance of the ceramic material, the nicks are difficult to process and are easy to crack when being shocked; secondly, the ceramic partition plate needs a steel support structure, so that the weight of the ceramic partition plate is greatly increased (taking 150-200mm caliber as an example, the weight of the ceramic partition plate exceeds 5 kg); fragments generated when the ceramic partition plate is broken easily scratch the heat insulation layer on the inner wall of the primary combustion chamber, so that high-temperature fuel gas ablates the inner wall of the primary combustion chamber when the secondary combustion chamber works, and finally, the defects that the normal work of a weapon is seriously influenced, such as perforation and the like, are formed.

The metal diaphragm type partition plate mainly depends on metal as a support piece, one side of the support piece is sealed by the metal diaphragm attached with a heat insulation layer, when the primary combustion chamber is pressurized, the steel conical plug bears pressure to plug the conical plug hole with the taper, the primary combustion chamber and the secondary combustion chamber are sealed and isolated, and the ignition of a powder column in the secondary combustion chamber by gas is avoided. When the secondary combustion chamber starts to work, the steel conical plug is ejected out of the conical plug hole by the gas pressure, so that the secondary combustion chamber can be conducted. However, metal diaphragm separators also suffer from the following drawbacks: firstly, because the clapboard structure has a conical plug hole, the structural strength of the clapboard structure is influenced, so that the clapboard structure needs to be thickened (the thickness of the clapboard structure is often required to be more than 20 mm), and the whole weight is increased; the steel cone plug structure can bear pressure and has an opening function, but the instantaneous opening area is small, the power of an engine is reduced, and the range of a guided missile or a rocket projectile is shortened.

In summary, the bulkhead of the solid state engine of the prior art always has some problems that are not overcome and that affect the performance of the rocket and missile and their applications. Therefore, the baffle plate of the solid engine with better performance has the positive effect of promoting the development of rockets and missiles.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a hard clapboard of a solid engine and a preparation method thereof. The hard partition board prepared by the preparation method has light weight, can simultaneously meet the requirements of combustion in a first-stage combustion chamber, combustion in a second-stage combustion chamber and combustion in a multi-stage combustion chamber, and has remarkable effect of improving the performance of weapons such as rockets, missiles and the like.

The invention applies the aluminum silicon carbide material to the baffle plate of the pulse engine and designs a new baffle plate structure at the same time. Compared with ceramics, the aluminum silicon carbide material has better toughness and machinability; and compared with the metal applied to the separator, such as steel, the metal has the advantages of lower density and light weight.

In the preparation process of the ceramic prefabricated body of the aluminum silicon carbide hard partition plate, nicks and partition plate shapes can be formed in a mold forming mode, the problems that the ceramic partition plate is difficult to process and is fragile are solved, and meanwhile, the ceramic prefabricated body also plays a role in greatly reducing weight relative to the metal partition plate.

A hard separator for a solid engine comprising the structure: the hat comprises a hat brim, wherein the middle part of the hat brim protrudes to one side to form a convex part, and the outer surface of the convex part is provided with a honeycomb-shaped porous structure.

Preferably, the hard partition of the solid engine comprises the following structure: the hat comprises a hat brim, wherein the middle part of the hat brim protrudes to one side to form a convex part, and the outer surface of the convex part is provided with a porous structure formed by interweaving warps and wefts.

The outer surface of the convex part is provided with a honeycomb-shaped porous structure, namely the honeycomb-shaped porous structure is a nick on the surface of the convex part; the outer surface of the convex part is provided with a porous structure formed by interweaving warps and wefts, namely the porous structure formed by interweaving warps and wefts is a notch on the surface of the convex part.

Preferably, the brim is circular. Optionally, the brim is rectangular. The surface of the brim is flat, and the distance between the edge of the brim and the contact position of the convex part and the brim exceeds 8mm (preferably 10 mm); the thickness of the brim is 3-15mm (preferably 5-10 mm).

Preferably, the convex part is an ellipsoid. Further preferably, the ratio of the major axis to the minor axis of the ellipsoid (i.e., convex) of the outer surface is 55-65: 28-35 (preferably 60: 30); the ratio of the major axis to the minor axis of the ellipsoid (i.e. concave) of the inner surface is 45-52: 22-27 (preferably 50: 26). Specifically, the major half axis of the ellipsoid of the outer surface is 58-64mm, and the minor half axis is 28-32 mm; the major half axis of the ellipsoid of the inner surface is 48-54mm, and the minor half axis is 21-27 mm.

Preferably, the cellular structure of the honeycomb is a polygon such as a pentagon, a hexagon, or a heptagon. Further preferably, the cellular porous structure is hexagonal.

Preferably, the hexagon is a regular hexagon, the side length is 3-10mm (preferably 5-6mm), the width of each side is 0.1-2mm (preferably 0.5-1mm), and the depth of the porous structure is 0.5-5mm (preferably 2-3 mm); the more the convex part is close to the brim, the shallower the depth of the honeycomb-shaped polygon on the outer surface of the convex part is.

The side length of each side of the porous structure formed by interweaving the warps and the wefts is 3-10mm, the width of each side of the porous structure is 0.1-2mm (preferably 0.5-1mm), and the depth of the porous structure is 0.5-5mm (preferably 2-3 mm).

The porous structure is a blind hole.

A preparation method of a hard partition plate of a solid engine comprises the following steps:

(1) preparing a mould: preparing the hard partition plate mould (designing the hard partition plate mould according to the structural size of the required hard partition plate, preparing the hard partition plate mould, being a conventional technology in the field) and a cellular structure mould formed by interweaving honeycomb-shaped or warp and weft, wherein the hard partition plate mould and the cellular structure mould formed by interweaving honeycomb-shaped or warp and weft are matched with each other (specifically, the hard partition plate mould and the cellular structure mould formed by interweaving honeycomb-shaped or warp and weft are combined together from the upper direction and the lower direction, a cavity is formed in the middle of the combined mould, and the shape of the cavity is the shape of the hard partition plate) to form a cavity for later use;

(2) preparing silicon carbide ceramic slurry: mixing silicon carbide and paraffin according to the mass ratio of 3: 1-2.5 (preferably 3: 1.8-2) to prepare silicon carbide ceramic slurry for later use;

(3) preparing a hard partition board ceramic green body: adding the silicon carbide ceramic slurry prepared in the step (2) into the cavity in the step (1), and pressing under 8-15MPa (preferably 10-12MPa) to prepare a hard partition board ceramic green body;

(4) and (3) sintering: placing the hard partition ceramic green body prepared in the step (3) in an atmosphere sintering furnace, heating to 1100-1400 ℃ (preferably 1200-1400 ℃), wherein the heating rate is 1-5 ℃/min (preferably 2.5-3 ℃/min), preserving the heat for 1-2 days, then cooling to normal temperature (for example 25 ℃), and the cooling rate is 0.5-1 ℃/min, so as to prepare a porous ceramic preform;

(5) compounding of aluminum alloy and silicon carbide material: in a hot chamber die casting machine (the hot chamber die casting machine is provided by Ningbo Oriental die casting machine Co., Ltd., model number is J2118A), the porous ceramic preform prepared in the step (4) is infiltrated with molten aluminum alloy, then the porous ceramic preform is cooled to below 35 ℃ (for example, 35-5 ℃) at the cooling speed of 80-140 ℃/min, then the pressure is maintained for 10-30s under the pressure of 30-50MPa, and the hard partition plate is separated from the hard partition plate die, so that the hard partition plate is prepared.

Preferably, the hard partition plate die is made of 40Cr steel, and the honeycomb porous structure die is made of ABS plastic (the ABS plastic is a terpolymer of three monomers, namely acrylonitrile (A), butadiene (B) and styrene (S), the relative content of the three monomers can be changed at will to prepare various resins), wherein the porous structure die can be prepared by a conventional 3D printing method.

Preferably, the particle size of the silicon carbide in step (2) is 3 to 25 μm (preferably 5 to 20 μm); further preferably, the silicon carbide is green silicon carbide.

Preferably, the paraffin wax in the step (2) is molten paraffin wax, and the molten paraffin wax can be obtained by heating the paraffin wax to 90 ℃.

Optionally, the porous structure formed by interweaving the warps and the wefts is obtained by a numerical control machining mode (the numerical control machining mode is a common machining mode in the field).

And (3) simultaneously pressing the hard partition plate mould and the honeycomb-shaped porous structure mould by adopting a four-column hydraulic press (provided by Yintong mechanical science and technology Co., Ltd., Dongguan).

And (4) sintering at high temperature to volatilize the honeycomb porous structure mold, so that a honeycomb porous structure is formed on the outer surface of the convex part of the hard separator.

And (5) heating the aluminum alloy to 700 ℃ to obtain the molten aluminum alloy, wherein the aluminum alloy is 6061 aviation aluminum. The 6061 aluminum alloy comprises the following components in parts by mass:

Cu：0.15-0.4％

Mn：0.12-0.2％

Mg：0.8-1.2％

Zn：0.2-0.3％

Cr：0.04-0.35％

Ti：0.1-0.2％

Si：0.4-0.8％

Fe：0.3-1％

al: and (4) the balance.

Preferably, the 6061 aluminum alloy comprises the following components in parts by mass:

Cu：0.15-0.4％

Mn：0.15％

Mg：0.8-1.2％

Zn：0.25％

Cr：0.04-0.35％

Ti：0.15％

Si：0.4-0.8％

Fe：0.7％

al: and (4) the balance.

Optionally, in the step (5), the aluminum alloy is ZL101A aluminum alloy, and the aluminum alloy is heated to 700 ℃ to obtain molten aluminum alloy. The ZL101A aluminum alloy comprises the following components in parts by mass:

Si：6.5-7.5％

Mg：0.25-0.45％

Ti：0.08-0.2％

al: balance of

Mn: less than or equal to 0.1% (impurity)

Zn: less than or equal to 0.1% (impurity)

Zr: less than or equal to 0.2% (impurity)

Sn: less than or equal to 0.01% (impurity)

Pb: less than or equal to 0.03% (impurity)

The comprehensive content of impurities is less than or equal to 0.7 percent

Preferably, the ZL101A aluminum alloy comprises the following components in parts by mass:

Si：6.7-7.2％

Mg：0.35-0.4％

Ti：0.12-0.2％

al: balance of

Mn: less than or equal to 0.1% (impurity)

Zn: less than or equal to 0.1% (impurity)

Zr: less than or equal to 0.2% (impurity)

Sn: less than or equal to 0.01% (impurity)

Pb: less than or equal to 0.03% (impurity)

The comprehensive content of impurities is less than or equal to 0.5 percent

The cooling in the step (5) has the effect of reducing the hard separator feeding defects and the generation defects of the blowholes.

The step (4) and the step (5) further comprise the following steps: and (3) finishing the porous ceramic preform prepared in the step (4) by using a numerical control lathe and a diamond turning tool, and then polishing by using 800-mesh 900-mesh diamond abrasive paper, so that the size of the prepared porous ceramic preform is close to that of the finally prepared hard partition (for example, the defects of small bulges and the like on the surface of the porous ceramic preform can be eliminated by finishing and polishing).

The step (5) is followed by: after the hard partition plate is separated from the hard partition plate mould, a numerical control lathe is provided with a CBN grinding head (a CBN grinding head, namely a cubic boron nitride grinding head) to further grind the honeycomb-shaped porous structure on the outer surface of the convex part of the hard partition plate, so that the size of the prepared final hard partition plate is matched with the size of the designed hard partition plate; the technical parameters of the numerical control lathe during polishing are the main shaft rotating speed: 1800 plus 2000 rpm, the feed depth of 0.5-1mm and the feed rate of 80-100 mm/min.

And (3) intercepting one hard partition board prepared in the step (5) for testing (namely testing the aluminum silicon carbide material), wherein the performance parameters are as follows: a density of 3.05g/cm3 or less, a tensile strength of 200-250MPa, a compressive strength of 600MPa or more, an elongation at break of 0.1% or less, and an elastic modulus of 200GPa or more.

The hard partition board to be prepared by the invention is subjected to stress simulation analysis: UG (more than 8.0 version) or ansys (more than 14.0 version) software is used for carrying out stress analysis on the hard partition plate, the grid is divided into 3-5mm, and the fixed margin is an upper brim and a lower brim. Applying uniform pressure of 10MPa to the outer surface of the convex part of the hard partition plate along the normal direction of the cambered surface; 4MPa of uniform pressure is applied to the inner surface of the convex part of the hard partition plate along the normal direction of the cambered surface; stress at the time of pressure application to the outer surface of the convex portion was confirmed: the stress of the inner surface of the convex part is more than 2.5 when bearing pressure.

In order to solve the problems of a metal separator and a non-metal separator, an aluminum silicon carbide material is applied to a hard separator of a pulse engine, and a new separator structure is designed. Compared with ceramics, the aluminum silicon carbide material has better toughness and machinability; and has a lower density than metals applied to the separator, such as structural steel.

The invention adopts a novel aluminum silicon carbide composite material to replace the original metal material and nonmetal material for preparing the double-pulse and multi-pulse hard partition board. Meanwhile, a hard partition plate structure and a notch shape are newly designed, namely, the hard partition plate, the gland and the supporting seat are integrated into a whole, so that the overall quality is effectively reduced, the assembly process is simplified, and the preparation cost is reduced; pressure bearing and opening pressures have stability, and a flight control system can adjust the flying posture of the missile conveniently; the hard partition board is large in instantaneous opening area, and the hexagonal prefabricated nicks can enable the partition board to be broken into small fragments with uniform obtuse angles, so that the missile range can be effectively improved, and the scratch on the inner wall of an engine can be avoided.

The hard partition plate can be applied to a double-pulse or multi-pulse solid engine.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

(1) compared with a rubber soft clapboard, the product has the advantages that: the pulse generator can be applied to various small-caliber pulse solid engines with the calibers less than 200 mm; the structural performance is stable, the pressure bearing and opening pressure can be controlled within 10% deviation, and the stability of the performance of the engine is ensured; and thirdly, no limitation is caused to the arrangement of the explosive columns in the secondary combustion chamber.

(2) Compared with a non-metal fragile separator, the product has the advantages that: the structure of a gland, a supporting seat and the like is omitted, and the weight is reduced by over 60 percent; sharp fragments are not easy to form during crushing, so that the risk of scratching the inner wall of the engine is reduced; and the method has better mass production capacity, greatly reduces the production cost and improves the yield.

(3) Compared with a metal separator, the product has the advantages that: the weight of the metal partition board is not more than one third; when the two-stage combustion chamber is applied to an engine, the instantaneous opening area of the two-stage combustion chamber is far larger than that of a metal partition plate during working, so that the missile range is greatly improved; the use is simpler, and the complex fixing process of a metal partition board plug and a partition board is omitted.

(4) The preparation method solves the problems that the ceramic hard partition board is difficult to process and is fragile, and meanwhile, the preparation method also plays a role in greatly reducing weight compared with a metal partition board.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a metal diaphragm type separator in the prior art, in which 1 denotes a support, 2 denotes a conical plug hole, 3 denotes a steel conical plug, and 4 denotes a metal film to which a thermal insulation layer is attached;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a honeycomb cellular structure mold according to example 2 of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a hard separator prepared in example 2 of the present invention, in which 5 denotes a brim, 6 denotes a brim having a middle portion protruded to one side to form a protrusion, 7 denotes the protrusion having a honeycomb-shaped porous structure on an outer surface thereof, and A denotes a part of the protrusion;

FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 3 at A;

FIG. 5 is a top view of a hard spacer prepared in example 2 of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view taken along line B-B of FIG. 5, at C, including a porous structure;

FIG. 7 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 6 at C;

fig. 8 is a schematic structural view of the product prepared in example 4.

Fig. 9 is a schematic view of a hydraulic pressure test apparatus for performing a pressure test on a convex portion of a hard diaphragm, in which 8 denotes the hard diaphragm, and 9 denotes the hydraulic pressure test apparatus.

Detailed Description

In order to make the technical solutions of the present invention more apparent to those skilled in the art, the following examples are given for illustration. It should be noted that the following examples do not limit the scope of the claimed invention.

Example 1

The brim is circular, the surface of the brim is flat, and the distance between the edge of the brim and the contact position of the convex part and the brim is 8 mm; the thickness of the brim is 5 mm.

The convex part is in an ellipsoid shape. The major half axis of an ellipsoid (namely a convex surface) of the outer surface is 58mm, and the minor half axis is 28 mm; the ellipsoid (i.e. concave) of the inner surface has a major axis of 48mm and a minor axis of 21 mm.

The porous structure is a regular heptagon, the side length is 3mm, the width of each side is 0.5mm, and the depth of the porous structure is 2-3 mm; the more the convex part is close to the brim, the shallower the depth of the honeycomb-shaped polygon on the outer surface of the convex part is. The porous structure is a blind hole.

(1) preparing a mould: preparing the hard partition plate mould (designing the hard partition plate mould according to the structural size of the required hard partition plate, preparing the hard partition plate mould, and adopting the conventional technology in the field) and the honeycomb-shaped porous structure mould, wherein the hard partition plate mould and the honeycomb-shaped porous structure mould are matched with each other (specifically, the hard partition plate mould and the honeycomb-shaped porous structure mould are combined together from the upper direction and the lower direction, a cavity is formed in the middle of the combined mould, and the shape of the cavity is the shape of the hard partition plate) to form a cavity for later use;

(2) preparing silicon carbide ceramic slurry: mixing silicon carbide and paraffin according to the mass ratio of 3: 1.8 to prepare silicon carbide ceramic slurry for later use;

(3) preparing a hard partition board ceramic green body: adding the silicon carbide ceramic slurry prepared in the step (2) into the cavity in the step (1), and pressing under 10MPa to prepare a hard partition board ceramic green body;

(4) and (3) sintering: placing the hard partition board ceramic green body prepared in the step (3) in an atmosphere sintering furnace, heating to 1200 ℃, heating at a rate of 2 ℃/min, preserving heat for 2 days, and then cooling to normal temperature, wherein the cooling rate is 0.5 ℃/min, so as to prepare a porous ceramic preform;

(5) compounding of aluminum alloy and silicon carbide material: and (3) infiltrating the porous ceramic preform prepared in the step (4) with molten aluminum alloy in a hot chamber die casting machine, cooling to 20 ℃ at a cooling speed of 80 ℃/min, maintaining the pressure for 10s under the pressure of 30MPa, and separating the hard partition plate from the hard partition plate die to obtain the hard partition plate.

The hard partition plate die is made of 40Cr steel, and the honeycomb porous structure die is made of ABS plastic.

The grain diameter of the silicon carbide in the step (2) is 5 mu m; the silicon carbide is green silicon carbide.

Cu：0.15％

Mn：0.12％

Mg：0.8-％

Zn：0.2％

Cr：0.04％

Ti：0.1％

Si：0.8％

Fe：1％

al: and (4) the balance.

Example 2

The brim is in a circular ring shape, the surface of the brim is flat, and the distance between the edge of the brim and the contact position of the convex part and the brim is 12 mm; the thickness of the brim is 10 mm.

The convex part is in an ellipsoid shape, the major half axis of the ellipsoid (namely the convex surface) on the outer surface is 60mm, and the minor half axis is 30 mm; the ellipsoid (i.e. concave) of the inner surface has a major axis of 50mm and a minor axis of 26 mm.

The polygon is a regular hexagon, the side length is 5mm, the width of each side is 1mm, and the depth of the porous structure is 2-3 mm; the more the convex part is close to the brim, the shallower the depth of the honeycomb-shaped polygon on the outer surface of the convex part is. The porous structure is a blind hole.

(2) preparing silicon carbide ceramic slurry: mixing silicon carbide and paraffin according to the mass ratio of 3: 1.9 to prepare silicon carbide ceramic slurry for later use;

(3) preparing a hard partition board ceramic green body: adding the silicon carbide ceramic slurry prepared in the step (2) into the cavity in the step (1), and pressing under 11MPa to prepare a hard partition board ceramic green body;

(4) and (3) sintering: placing the hard partition plate ceramic green body prepared in the step (3) in an atmosphere sintering furnace, heating to 1300 ℃, heating at the rate of 3 ℃/min, preserving heat for 2 days, then cooling to normal temperature, cooling at the rate of 1 ℃/min, and maintaining the pressure for 20s to prepare a porous ceramic preform;

(5) compounding of aluminum alloy and silicon carbide material: and (3) infiltrating the porous ceramic preform prepared in the step (4) with molten aluminum alloy in a hot chamber die casting machine, cooling to 15 ℃ at a cooling speed of 120 ℃/min, maintaining the pressure for 3min at a pressure of 40MPa, and separating the hard partition plate from a hard partition plate die to obtain the hard partition plate.

The grain diameter of the silicon carbide in the step (2) is 10 mu m; the silicon carbide is green silicon carbide.

Cu：0.3％

Mn：0.15％

Mg：1％

Zn：0.25％

Cr：0.35％

Ti：0.15％

Si：0.8％

Fe：0.7％

al: and (4) the balance.

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a metal diaphragm type separator in the prior art, in which 1 denotes a support, 2 denotes a conical plug hole, 3 denotes a steel conical plug, and 4 denotes a metal film to which a thermal insulation layer is attached; FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a honeycomb cellular structure mold according to example 2 of the present invention; FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a hard separator prepared in example 2 of the present invention, in which 5 denotes a brim, 6 denotes a brim having a middle portion protruded to one side to form a protrusion, 7 denotes the protrusion having a honeycomb-shaped porous structure on an outer surface thereof, and A denotes a part of the protrusion; FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 3 at A; FIG. 5 is a top view of a hard spacer prepared in example 2 of the present invention; FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view taken along line B-B of FIG. 5, at C, including a porous structure; fig. 7 is a partial enlarged view at C in fig. 6.

Example 3

The brim is in a circular ring shape, the surface of the brim is flat, and the distance between the edge of the brim and the contact position of the convex part and the brim is 10 mm; the thickness of the brim is 8 mm.

The convex part is in an ellipsoid shape, the major half axis of the ellipsoid (namely the convex surface) on the outer surface is 60mm, and the minor half axis is 30 mm; the ellipsoid (i.e. concave) of the inner surface has a major half axis of 50mm and a minor half axis of 25 mm.

The porous structure is a regular hexagon, the side length is 8mm, the width of each side is 1mm, and the depth of the porous structure is 2.5-3 mm; the more the convex part is close to the brim, the shallower the depth of the honeycomb-shaped polygon on the outer surface of the convex part is. The porous structure is a blind hole.

(2) preparing silicon carbide ceramic slurry: mixing silicon carbide and paraffin according to the mass ratio of 3: 2 to prepare silicon carbide ceramic slurry for later use;

(3) preparing a hard partition board ceramic green body: adding the silicon carbide ceramic slurry prepared in the step (2) into the cavity in the step (1), and pressing under 12MPa to prepare a hard partition board ceramic green body;

(4) and (3) sintering: placing the hard partition plate ceramic green body prepared in the step (3) in an atmosphere sintering furnace, heating to 1400 ℃, heating at a rate of 5 ℃/min, preserving heat for 2 days, then cooling to normal temperature, cooling at a rate of 0.5 ℃/min, and maintaining the pressure for 30s to prepare a porous ceramic preform;

(5) compounding of aluminum alloy and silicon carbide material: and (3) infiltrating the porous ceramic preform prepared in the step (4) with molten aluminum alloy in a hot chamber die casting machine, cooling to 10 ℃ at a cooling speed of 140 ℃/min, maintaining the pressure for 5min at the pressure of 35MPa, and separating the hard partition plate from a hard partition plate die to obtain the hard partition plate.

The grain diameter of the silicon carbide in the step (2) is 25 mu m; the silicon carbide is green silicon carbide.

Cu：0.3％

Mn：0.2％

Mg：1.2％

Zn：0.3％

Cr：0.35％

Ti：0.2％

Si：0.8％

Fe：1％

al: and (4) the balance.

Example 4

A hard separator for a solid engine comprising the structure: the hat comprises a hat brim, wherein the middle part of the hat brim protrudes to one side to form a convex part, and the outer surface of the convex part is provided with a porous structure formed by interweaving warps and wefts.

The width of each side of the porous structure formed by interweaving the warps and the wefts is 1mm, and the depth is 2.5-3 mm; the closer the protrusion is to the brim. The porous structure is a blind hole.

(1) preparing a mould: preparing the hard partition plate mold (designing the hard partition plate mold according to the structural size of the required hard partition plate, preparing the hard partition plate mold, being a conventional technology in the field) and a porous structure mold formed by interweaving warps and wefts, wherein the hard partition plate mold and the porous structure mold formed by interweaving the warps and wefts are matched with each other (specifically, the hard partition plate mold and the porous structure mold formed by interweaving the warps and wefts are combined together from the upper direction and the lower direction, a cavity is formed in the middle of the combined mold, and the shape of the cavity is the shape of the hard partition plate) to form a cavity for later use;

(4) and (3) sintering: placing the hard partition plate ceramic green body prepared in the step (3) in an atmosphere sintering furnace, heating to 1400 ℃, heating at a rate of 5 ℃/min, preserving heat for 2 days, then cooling to normal temperature, cooling at a rate of 0.7 ℃/min, and maintaining the pressure for 20s to prepare a porous ceramic preform;

(5) compounding of aluminum alloy and silicon carbide material: and (3) infiltrating the porous ceramic preform prepared in the step (4) with molten aluminum alloy in a hot chamber die casting machine, cooling to 10 ℃ at a cooling speed of 140 ℃/min, maintaining the pressure for 5min at a pressure of 50MPa, and separating the hard partition plate from a hard partition plate die to obtain the hard partition plate.

The aluminum alloy in the step (5) is ZL101A aluminum alloy, and the ZL101A aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass:

Si：6.7％

Mg：0.4％

Ti：0.12％

al: balance of

Mn: less than or equal to 0.1% (impurity)

Zn: less than or equal to 0.1% (impurity)

Zr: less than or equal to 0.2% (impurity)

Sn: less than or equal to 0.01% (impurity)

Pb: less than or equal to 0.03% (impurity)

The comprehensive content of impurities is less than or equal to 0.5 percent

Fig. 8 is a schematic structural view of a product prepared in this example.

Comparative example 1

Compared with the embodiment 1, the polygon in the embodiment 1 is a regular hexagon, the side length is 15mm, the width of each side is 4mm, and the depth of the porous structure is 2-3 mm; the more the convex part is close to the brim, the shallower the depth of the honeycomb-shaped polygon on the outer surface of the convex part is. The porous structure is a blind hole. The rest is the same as in example 1.

Comparative example 2

In comparison with example 2, step (5) in comparative example 2 is the compounding of the aluminum alloy with the silicon carbide material: and (3) infiltrating the porous ceramic preform prepared in the step (4) with molten aluminum alloy in a hot chamber die casting machine, cooling to 30 ℃ at a cooling speed of 70 ℃/min, maintaining the pressure for 1min at a pressure of 12MPa, and separating the hard partition plate from the hard partition plate die to obtain the hard partition plate. The rest is the same as in example 2.

Product effectiveness testing

The hard spacers prepared in examples 1 to 4 and comparative examples 1 to 2 were subjected to a pressure test on the concave surface of the convex portion of the hard spacer using a hydraulic pressure test apparatus (fig. 9 is a schematic view of the hydraulic pressure test apparatus on the convex portion of the hard spacer, in which 8 denotes the hard spacer and 9 denotes the hydraulic pressure test apparatus), the pressure medium was water, and the pressure increase rate was 8 to 10 MPa/s. When the convex surface of the hard separator was pressurized at 10MPa and the concave surface was at one atmosphere, the holding time was 15 to 30 seconds, so that the convex surface of the hard separator prepared in example 1-3 was not crushed, but the hard separator prepared in comparative example 1-2 was crushed; in addition, when the concave surface of the hard separator was pressurized at 4MPa and the convex surface was at one atmospheric pressure, the hard separators prepared in examples 1-4 were instantaneously crushed, but the hard separators prepared in comparative examples 1-2 were not crushed. Thus, as the solid engine hard separator, the hard separators prepared in examples 1 to 4 satisfied the requirements, and the hard separators prepared in comparative examples 1 to 2 did not.

In addition, a thermal test run tester is used for testing the hard partition plate, and the test conditions are as follows:

the convex surface of the hard partition is communicated with a primary combustion chamber of the solid engine, a cartridge of the primary combustion chamber is ignited at 2800-3000 ℃, the pressure is 8-20MPa, and the duration is 5-40 s;

the concave surface of the hard partition plate is communicated with a secondary combustion chamber of the solid engine, a cartridge of the secondary combustion chamber is ignited at 2800-;

the results show that the hard partition plates prepared in the examples 1-4 can bear pressure when the primary combustion chamber works, and the secondary combustion chamber quickly breaks into obtuse-angle fragments with the diameter less than 15mm when working, and the breaking diameter is more than 2 times of the diameter of the spray pipe; however, the hard partition plates prepared in the comparative examples 1-2 do not meet the requirements that the pressure can be borne when the primary combustion chamber works, the secondary combustion chamber quickly breaks into obtuse-angle fragments with the diameter less than 15mm when the secondary combustion chamber works, and the broken diameter is more than 2 times of the diameter of the spray pipe.

In conclusion, the product prepared by the invention is applied to a solid engine, and can meet the requirements that the first-stage combustion chamber can bear pressure when working, the second-stage combustion chamber can be rapidly crushed into obtuse-angle fragments with the diameter less than 15mm when working, and the crushing diameter is more than 2 times of the diameter of the spray pipe.

Claims

1. A hard separator plate for a solid engine, comprising the structure: the middle part of the brim is protruded to one side to form a convex part, and the outer surface of the convex part is provided with a honeycomb-shaped porous structure;

the cellular porous structure is pentagonal, hexagonal or heptagonal, the hexagon is a regular hexagon, the side length is 3-10mm, the width of each side is 0.1-2mm, and the depth of the porous structure is 0.5-5 mm;

the preparation method of the hard separator comprises the following steps:

(1) preparing a mould: preparing a porous structure or a mold formed by interweaving the hard partition plate mold and the honeycomb-shaped or warp and weft, wherein the hard partition plate mold and the porous structure mold formed by interweaving the honeycomb-shaped or warp and weft are matched with each other to form a cavity for later use;

(2) preparing silicon carbide ceramic slurry: mixing silicon carbide and paraffin according to the mass ratio of 3: 1-2.5 to prepare silicon carbide ceramic slurry for later use;

(3) preparing a hard partition board ceramic green body: adding the silicon carbide ceramic slurry prepared in the step (2) into the cavity in the step (1), and pressing under 8-15MPa to prepare a hard partition board ceramic green body;

(4) and (3) sintering: heating the hard partition plate ceramic green body prepared in the step (3) to 1100-1400 ℃, preserving heat, and then cooling to prepare a porous ceramic preform;

(5) compounding of aluminum alloy and silicon carbide material: and (3) infiltrating the porous ceramic preform prepared in the step (4) with molten aluminum alloy, cooling, and maintaining the pressure at 30-50MPa to obtain the hard partition plate.

2. The hard spacer of claim 1, comprising the following structure: the hat comprises a hat brim, wherein the middle part of the hat brim protrudes to one side to form a convex part, and the outer surface of the convex part is provided with a porous structure formed by interweaving warps and wefts.

3. The hard separator of claim 1 wherein the brim is circular in shape; the surface of the brim is flat, and the distance between the edge of the brim and the contact position of the convex part and the brim exceeds 8 mm; the thickness of the brim is 3-15 mm.

4. The hard spacer of claim 1 wherein the protrusions are ellipsoids, and the ratio of the major axis to the minor axis of the ellipsoids of the outer surface is 55-65: (28-35); the ratio of the long axis to the short axis of the ellipsoid of the inner surface is 45-52 to (22-27).

5. The hard spacer of claim 4 wherein the ellipsoid of the outer surface has a major semiaxis of 58-64mm and a minor semiaxis of 28-32 mm; the major half axis of the ellipsoid of the inner surface is 48-54mm, and the minor half axis is 21-27 mm.

6. The method for producing a hard separator according to any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising the steps of:

7. The production method according to claim 6, wherein the particle size of the silicon carbide in the step (2) is 3 to 25 μm and the silicon carbide is green silicon carbide; in the step (4), the temperature rising rate is 1-5 ℃/min, the temperature reducing rate is 0.5-1 ℃/min, and the heat preservation time is 1-2 days.

8. The method according to claim 6, wherein the cooling in the step (5) is carried out at a temperature falling rate of 80 to 140 ℃/min to a temperature of 35 ℃ or lower; the pressure maintaining time is 10-30 s.

9. Use of a hard separator prepared according to the method of any one of claims 6 to 8 in a pulse engine.