CN111734328B

CN111734328B - Shearing type releaser

Info

Publication number: CN111734328B
Application number: CN202010650988.1A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 罗杰; 刘毅; 晏琰; 王瑞祥; 王世佳
Original assignee: Chongqing Wangjiang Xinqi Machinery Co ltd
Current assignee: Chongqing Xinqi Petroleum Machinery Equipment Co.,Ltd.
Priority date: 2020-07-08
Filing date: 2020-07-08
Publication date: 2021-08-24
Anticipated expiration: 2040-07-08
Also published as: CN111734328A

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of petroleum drilling, and particularly relates to a shearing type releaser. The technical scheme is as follows: a shear type releaser is characterized in that two ends of the shear type releaser are respectively connected with a part to be released of a device to be released, the shear type releaser comprises a spline and a driving pin which are connected with each other, and the driving pin is inserted into a spline groove of the spline and is in clearance fit with the spline groove; the side surface of the driving pin is tightly propped against and provided with a release pin, and the driving pin is fixed with the spline; the release pin can break under shear forces. The invention provides a brand-new releaser; through the connection of the spline and the pin body, the connection relationship between the parts to be released becomes detachable; and then the pin body is fixed by using a new pin body. When the pin needs to be released, the pin body which plays a role in fixing is sheared, and all parts can be naturally sheared. The arrangement mode has simple structure, reliable disengagement and simple operation.

Description

Shearing type releaser

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of petroleum drilling, and particularly relates to a shearing type releaser.

Background

In the process of drilling petroleum and natural gas, due to the complexity and unpredictability of geological structures, drilling fluid may not be adapted to the conditions in a well, so that drilling tools in the hole are precipitated by rock powder and rock debris or buried by quicksand, cannot rotate and are difficult to lift and recover. The phenomenon that a drill bit falls into the bottom of a hole due to mechanical failure, steel wire rope breakage, hole wall collapse and other factors is generally called 'drill falling' in the case of the drilling accident that flushing liquid cannot flow in the hole. Once the accident of 'drill dropping' occurs, the whole set of drilling equipment needs to be stopped and overhauled. The longer the time spent for solving the drilling-out accident is, the greater the energy loss caused by the drilling-out accident is, and the greater the economic loss is brought. If the problem cannot be solved smoothly at a later time, even the situation of drilling scrapping may occur, the drilling hole needs to be newly opened, and the back of the drilling hole is correspondingly wasted by a large amount of energy consumption, materials (drilling fluid and the like) and human resources, so that millions of losses or even higher losses are caused. For example, a document named "practice of handling small-bore drilling and drill dropping accidents by using eccentric cutters" published in "mineral exploration engineering (rock and soil drilling engineering)" in 2010 records the practice of using cutters to separate drill rods and drill bits together to handle "drill dropping" accidents, so as to avoid millions of losses.

Therefore, after the drill bit is dropped, a proper method needs to be timely and quickly adopted to separate the drill bit from the rest part of the drilling device, and then subsequent work such as replacing the drill bit, fishing the drill bit and the like is carried out. The faster the drill bit is separated from the rest parts, the more energy consumption can be reduced and the cost can be saved.

In the prior art, the release is generally realized by using an electric appliance structure to control, or a cutting knife is used for cutting a part to be released so as to realize the release. Although the release can be realized quickly by using the structure control of the electric appliance, on one hand, the energy consumption generated in the starting and using processes is larger; on the other hand, the electrical appliance structure is easy to lose efficacy in a complex and changeable underground environment, so that the situations of large energy consumption and release failure can occur; meanwhile, if the electrical appliance structure is powered by a battery, once the electrical appliance structure is damaged in a complex underground environment, the battery is easy to cause environmental pollution due to leakage and the like. If the cutting tool is used for cutting and releasing, the operation is inconvenient, the time consumption is very long, the downtime of the drilling rig is long, and the deviation between the cutting part and the position needing to be released can occur, so that the greater loss is brought.

Therefore, how to separate the drilling machine from the drill bit quickly, efficiently, energy-saving and environmentally-friendly is a technical problem which is eagerly solved in the field.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a shear type releaser which is controlled purely mechanically, is efficient and reliably realizes the separation of all parts of an oil drilling rig.

In order to achieve the purpose of the invention, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a shear type releaser is characterized in that two ends of the shear type releaser are respectively connected with each part to be released of a device to be released, the shear type releaser comprises a spline and a driving pin which are connected with each other, and the driving pin is inserted into a spline groove of the spline and is in clearance fit with the spline groove; the side surface of the driving pin is provided with a releasing pin which tightly abuts against the driving pin to fix the driving pin and the spline; the release pin can break under shear forces.

Preferably, the spline grooves on the spline are arranged in a circle and symmetrically.

Preferably, the driving pin is a whole, the driving pin comprises a plurality of pin bodies matched with the spline grooves in shape and size, and the number of the releasing pins is more than or equal to 1.

Preferably, the driving pin comprises a plurality of mutually independent pin bodies which are matched with the spline groove in shape and size, and each pin body is correspondingly provided with one releasing pin.

Preferably, the releasing pin is large in outside and small in inside, and gradually extends outwards from the contact driving pin part, and the volume of the releasing pin is gradually increased.

Preferably, the spline is hollow, the area of the hollow part is smaller than the cross-sectional area of the release ball, when release is needed, the release ball is placed in the hollow position of the spline, and external force is continuously applied to the release ball, so that shearing force is provided for the release pin.

Preferably, the device to be released is an oil drilling rig.

Preferably, the shear type releaser comprises an upper joint connected with the oil drilling device body and a lower joint connected with a drill bit, the outer part of the upper joint is in threaded connection with the oil drilling device shell, the lower end of the upper joint is provided with a spline, a circle of spline groove is arranged outside the spline, a driving pin matched with the spline groove is inserted into the spline groove, and the side surface of the driving pin is fixedly provided with a release pin for pushing the driving pin; the release pin can break under the action of external force.

Preferably, the shear type releaser is provided with a cavity in the middle and axially penetrating through the shear type releaser, the spline is positioned in the cavity, the spline is hollow and communicated with the cavity, and a water hole is formed on one side of the upward connector.

Preferably, the shear-type releaser comprises a release ball, the cross section of which is larger than the area of the water hole.

The invention has the following beneficial effects: the invention provides a novel releaser. The connection between the parts to be released is detachable through the connection of the spline and the pin body. And then the pin body is fixed by using a new pin body. When the pin needs to be released, the pin body which plays a role in fixing is sheared, and all parts can be naturally sheared.

The arrangement mode has the advantages of simple structure, complete dependence on a mechanical structure, difficult failure, reliable release, simple operation, energy conservation and environmental protection.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an oil top coupling structure without a release ball and a drive pin;

FIG. 3 is a view A-A of FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the middle of the oil rig into which the drive pin is inserted;

FIG. 5 is a view from B-B of FIG. 4, in accordance with an embodiment;

FIG. 6 is a view from B-B of FIG. 4 in accordance with another embodiment.

Detailed Description

As shown in fig. 1 to 4, a shear type releaser has both ends connected to respective members to be released of a device to be released, respectively. The shear type release pin comprises a spline 3 and a driving pin 4 which are in contact with each other, the driving pin 4 is matched with the spline groove of the spline 3 and is inserted into the spline groove, the release pin 5 is inserted into the driving pin 4, and the driving pin 4 and the spline 3 are fixed; the release pin 5 can break under shear force. And a circle of spline grooves on the spline 3 are arranged around and symmetrically. It should be noted that the spline 3 and the driving pin 4 are only in contact with each other, and if the pin 5 is not disengaged, the two are not fixedly connected into a whole.

In one embodiment, the drive pin 4 is a unitary piece that may be integrally formed during manufacture, as shown in figure 5. The driving pin 4 comprises a plurality of pin bodies which are matched with the spline grooves in shape and size, and the number of the releasing pins 5 is at least 1. The release pin 5 is inserted into and pressed against the driving pin 4 from the side, so that the driving pin 4 is fixed with the spline 3. In this arrangement, the number of the release pins 5 is small, cost is saved, installation is facilitated, and shearing is easier. However, since only one release pin 5 is provided, the drive pin 4 is easily slightly eccentric when abutting against the drive pin 4.

In another embodiment, as shown in fig. 6, the driving pin 4 includes a plurality of independent pin bodies adapted to the shape and size of the spline groove, and each pin body is provided with a release pin 5. Of course, in this embodiment, the driving pin 4 may be provided as a single body, but the releasing pin 5 may be provided in plural. In this arrangement, the cost of the release pin 5 is relatively high, but the drive pin 4 is stressed equally throughout. The above two embodiments can achieve the purpose of the invention, and the skilled person can select them according to the actual situation.

In order to facilitate the release pin 5 to be sheared rapidly when subjected to a shearing force, the preferred solution is: the releasing pin 5 is large in outside and small in inside, and gradually extends outwards from the part of the contact driving pin 4, and the volume of the releasing pin 5 is gradually increased. For example, the drive pin may be provided as a plurality of cylinders or cylinder-like bodies of progressively increasing cross-sectional size, the cross-sectional area of the cylinder being the smallest adjacent the drive pin 4. In this arrangement, the contact position between the release pin 5 and the drive pin 4 has the smallest volume and the smallest thickness, and is easier to shear. The thickness of each part is determined according to actual conditions.

In the above arrangement, when the release pin 5 is sheared, the driving pin 4 is only in clearance fit with the spline 3; the shear-type disengager is slightly vibrated according to the size of the gap, and the drive pin 4 can be separated from the spline 3. Thereby effecting disengagement.

There are many ways to provide shear to the trip pin 5. For example, a shearing channel is reserved above the release pin 5, in the corresponding position to be sheared. When the release pin 5 needs to be cut off, a rigid cutting tool (such as a long steel bar, a long scissors, a long knife and the like) is inserted into the reserved channel, and the release pin 5 is cut off and cut off by downward force.

In one embodiment, the application of shear to the release pin 5 is accomplished using a release ball 7. In this embodiment, the spline 3 and the driving pin 4 are sleeved outside the shell 2, and the shell 2 limits the spline 3 and the driving pin 4 in a limited space. The releasing pin 5 is arranged at the side of the driving pin 4 in the shell 2, and the preferable scheme is as follows: the release pin 5 is perpendicular to the drive pin 4. The shearing type releaser is hollow, the spline 3 is also hollow, and the hollow position of the spline 3 is communicated with the hollow part of the shearing type releaser. The cross-sectional area of the hollow portion of the spline 3 is smaller than the cross-sectional area of the disengaging ball 7. When the disengagement is required, the disengagement ball 7 is thrown from the upper part of the shear type disengager, dropped to the hollow position of the spline 3, and the middle of the spline 3 is closed. And then, continuously applying external force to the releasing ball 7, wherein the releasing ball 7 continuously extrudes the spline 3 downwards, and the spline 3 is limited in the shell 2, so that the external force applied by the releasing ball 7 is transmitted to the driving pin 4 by the spline 3, and the driving pin 4 is subjected to downward acting force, thereby providing shearing force for the releasing pin 5 which is laterally connected with the driving pin 4. The release pin 5 is sheared under the action of shearing force, so that the spline 3 and the driving pin 4 are released.

The shearing type releaser provided by the invention can be applied to various places needing to be released. In one embodiment, the device to be tripped is an oil rig.

In this embodiment, the shear-type release comprises an upper sub 1 connected to the body of the oil-well drill and a lower sub 6 connected to the drill bit. The outer surface of the upper joint 1 is in threaded connection with the shell 2. The lower end of the upper joint 1 is provided with a spline 3. A circle of spline grooves are formed in the outer portion of the spline 3, the driving pins 4 matched with the spline grooves are inserted into the spline grooves, and releasing pins 5 for pushing the driving pins 4 against are fixedly arranged on the side faces of the driving pins 4. The spline 3 and the driving pin 4 are both surrounded by the shell 2, and the release pin 5 is fixedly arranged in the shell 2 and is perpendicular to the driving pin 4.

A cavity is arranged in the middle of the shearing type releaser and penetrates through the shearing type releaser along the axial direction, and the spline 3 is coaxial with the central shaft of the shearing type releaser; the spline 3 is hollow and communicated with the cavity, and a water hole is formed on one side of the upper joint 1. The releaser also comprises a releasing ball 7, and the cross section area of the releasing ball 7 is larger than the area of the water hole; the density of the disengaging balls 7 is greater than the density of the injected liquid.

When the petroleum drilling rig generates 'drill dropping' and the upper joint 1 and the lower joint 6 need to be detached and separated, the detaching ball 7 is thrown from the middle of the upper joint 1, and the water hole is blocked by the detaching ball 7. Then a liquid (e.g. water) is continuously injected, water pressure is applied to the disengaging balls 7, and the disengaging balls 7 conduct the pressure down to the splines 3 and thus to the driving pin 4. The drive pin 4 is subjected to a downward force, so that the release pin 5 is subjected to a shearing force, and the release pin 5 is sheared. The drive pin 4 loses its connection with the spline 3 and the drive pin 4 drops into the lower joint 6. Then the upper joint 1 is rotated, and the upper joint can be easily taken out; thereby realizing the separation of the oil drilling device main body and the drill bit.

Claims

1. A shear-type disengager, characterized by: the shearing type releaser comprises a spline (3) and a driving pin (4) which are in mutual contact, wherein the driving pin (4) is inserted into a spline groove of the spline (3) and is in clearance fit with the spline groove; a release pin (5) is arranged on the side surface of the driving pin (4), the release pin (5) tightly abuts against the driving pin (4), and the driving pin (4) is fixed with the spline (3); the release pin (5) can be broken under the action of shearing force; the driving pin (4) comprises a plurality of mutually independent pin bodies which are matched with the spline grooves in shape and size, and each pin body is correspondingly provided with a releasing pin (5);

the shear type releaser comprises a release ball (7), the spline (3) is hollow, and the area of the hollow part is smaller than the cross section area of the release ball (7); when the key needs to be disengaged, the disengaging ball (7) is placed in the hollow position of the spline (3), the middle of the spline (3) is blocked, external force is continuously applied to the disengaging ball (7), the disengaging ball (7) continuously extrudes the spline (3) downwards, the spline (3) is limited in the shell (2), the external force applied by the disengaging ball (7) is transmitted to the driving pin (4) by the spline (3), the driving pin (4) receives downward acting force, shearing force is provided for the disengaging pin (5) which is laterally connected with the driving pin (4), the disengaging pin (5) is sheared under the action of the shearing force, and the disengaging of the spline (3) and the driving pin (4) is realized.

2. A shear-type detacher as defined in claim 1, further comprising: and the spline grooves on the spline (3) are arranged in a circle around and symmetrically.

3. A shear-type detacher as in claim 1 or 2, further comprising: the driving pin (4) is a whole.

4. A shear-type detacher as defined in claim 3, further comprising: the releasing pin (5) is large outside and small inside, and gradually extends outwards from the part of the contact driving pin (4), and the volume of the releasing pin (5) is gradually increased.

5. A shear-type detacher as defined in claim 1, further comprising: the device to be released is an oil drilling rig; the parts to be released are respectively an oil drilling device main body and a drill bit.

6. A shear-type detacher as defined in claim 1, further comprising: the shearing type releaser comprises an upper joint (1) connected with a main body of the oil drilling device and a lower joint (6) connected with a drill bit, wherein the outer part of the upper joint (1) is in threaded connection with a shell (2), a spline (3) is arranged at the lower end of the upper joint (1), a circle of spline groove is arranged outside the spline (3), a driving pin (4) matched with the spline groove is inserted into the spline groove, and a release pin (5) for pushing the driving pin (4) against is fixedly arranged on the side surface of the driving pin (4); the releasing pin (5) can be broken under the action of external force.

7. A shear-type detacher as defined in claim 1, further comprising: the shear type releaser is middle, set up the cavity along the axial through shear type releaser, inside spline (3) were located the cavity, spline (3) cavity, with the cavity intercommunication, formed the water hole towards one side of top connection (1).