CN111733365A - Production method of high-hardness high-toughness wear-resistant forged ball - Google Patents
Production method of high-hardness high-toughness wear-resistant forged ball Download PDFInfo
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- CN111733365A CN111733365A CN202010637415.5A CN202010637415A CN111733365A CN 111733365 A CN111733365 A CN 111733365A CN 202010637415 A CN202010637415 A CN 202010637415A CN 111733365 A CN111733365 A CN 111733365A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/002—Hybrid process, e.g. forging following casting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
- B21K1/00—Making machine elements
- B21K1/02—Making machine elements balls, rolls, or rollers, e.g. for bearings
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
- C21D1/25—Hardening, combined with annealing between 300 degrees Celsius and 600 degrees Celsius, i.e. heat refining ("Vergüten")
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/005—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment of ferrous alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/36—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for balls; for rollers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/34—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with more than 1.5% by weight of silicon
Abstract
The invention discloses a production method of a high-hardness high-toughness wear-resistant forged ball, which adopts a hot-rolled air-cooled round bar as a raw material, obtains a forged ball with a required size through cutting and blanking and forging forming, and finally obtains the forged ball through the group consisting of tempering after forging, secondary quenching and low-temperature temperingAnd (3) performing combined heat treatment to obtain the high-hardness high-toughness wear-resistant forged ball. The production method of the high-hardness high-toughness wear-resistant forged ball provided by the invention has the advantages that the steps are simple and convenient, the production efficiency is high, the component design of the forged ball alloy and the optimization of the heat treatment process are combined, the forged ball is treated by adopting the combined heat treatment process consisting of tempering after forging, secondary quenching and low-temperature tempering, the surface hardness of the produced forged ball is more than or equal to 62HRC, the new surface hardness difference is not more than 3HRC, the integral high hardness is maintained, and the impact toughness is more than or equal to 35kJ/cm2The technical problem that the high hardness and the high impact toughness of the prior grinding ball cannot be considered at the same time is solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of production methods of wear-resistant materials, in particular to a production method of a high-hardness high-toughness wear-resistant forged ball.
Background
The wear-resistant ball is a main product in the wear-resistant industry, is generally forged by a steel bar, is also called as a forged ball, and is widely applied to material grinding links in industries such as metallurgical mines, building material cement, thermal power generation, magnetic materials and the like. A large-size wear-resistant steel ball of a semi-autogenous mill for crushing and grinding ores in mines has both the requirement on wear resistance and the requirement on impact toughness, and the requirements on low wear and low crushing rate can be realized only by meeting the two conditions. At present, the wear-resistant forged ball can be applied to the mine industry, and the two performances of hardness and impact toughness are often contradictory. High impact toughness is difficult to guarantee under the condition of high integral hardness, in a mainstream product, the integral hardness can reach more than 60HRC, and the impact toughness is basically lower than 20J/cm 2. Meanwhile, the current wear-resistant ball is limited by forging process equipment, so that the forged wear-resistant ball is insufficient in flatness and low in grinding efficiency. How to realize the matching of high hardness and high impact toughness and high grinding efficiency is a difficult problem to be solved urgently in the field of wear-resistant forging balls.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: provides a production method of a high-hardness high-toughness wear-resistant forged ball to solve the defects.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a production method of a high-hardness high-toughness wear-resistant forged ball comprises the following specific steps: the high-hardness high-toughness wear-resistant forged ball is prepared by cutting and blanking a round bar subjected to hot rolling and air cooling as a raw material, forging and forming to obtain a forged ball with a required size, and finally performing combined heat treatment consisting of tempering after forging, secondary quenching and low-temperature tempering.
Preferably, the raw material hot-rolled air-cooled round bar comprises the following main components in percentage by mass: c: 0.7 to 0.85, Mn: 0.8 to 1.2, Si: 1.5-2.0, Cr: 0.8-1.5, less than or equal to 0.02 of S, less than or equal to 0.02 of P, and the balance of Fe.
Preferably, the raw material hot-rolled air-cooled round bar has a ratio of diameter to diameter of the prepared forged ball of 1: (1.4-1.6).
Preferably, the hardening and tempering after forging comprises the following specific process steps:
s1, forging and forming the forged ball, pre-cooling the forged ball to 720-750 ℃ in air, and then cooling the forged ball with water for 3-4 minutes to obtain water;
and S2, tempering the forged ball at high temperature of 550-620 ℃ for 2-4 hours, and discharging the forged ball from the furnace for air cooling after the tempering is finished.
Preferably, the temperature of the secondary quenching is 760-820 ℃, the heat preservation time is 15-60 minutes, then the high-temperature forged ball is immersed in water for water cooling for 3-4 minutes, finally water is discharged, and the air cooling is carried out to the room temperature.
Preferably, the temperature of the low-temperature tempering is 180-250 ℃, the heat preservation time is 2-5 hours, and the steel is discharged from a furnace and cooled in air after the tempering is finished.
Preferably, the forging forming comprises the following specific steps:
a1, heating the steel billet by adopting a medium-frequency induction furnace, wherein the temperature is 1030-1080 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 5-10 minutes;
a2, in a forging ball forging device, open die forging is carried out by adopting an air hammer, the striking energy is controlled to be 15-30 kJ, the finish forging temperature is not lower than 950 ℃, and the forging ball needs to be overturned to keep multidirectional forging in the forging process, so that the uniformity of deformation is ensured.
Preferably, the forging ball forging equipment comprises a material conveying platform, a primary forging platform, a spherical forging die assembly, a middle forging turning device and a finish forging assembly, wherein a forging platform hole is formed in the material conveying platform, and the primary forging platform is installed in the forging platform hole; the spherical forging die assembly comprises a right hemispherical die shell and a left hemispherical die shell, wherein a right die hemispherical space and a left die hemispherical space are respectively arranged inside the right hemispherical die shell and the left hemispherical die shell, right die semicircular holes communicated with the right die hemispherical space are respectively formed in the top end and the bottom of the right hemispherical die shell, left die semicircular holes communicated with the left die hemispherical space are respectively formed in the top end and the bottom of the left hemispherical die shell, and a right die hydraulic propulsion device and a left die hydraulic propulsion device are respectively arranged at one end of the right hemispherical die shell and one end of the left hemispherical die shell; the middle forging turnover device comprises an annular base, a base supporting rod, a fixed supporting arm, an annular rotating seat, a power gear and a middle forging air hammer, the two fixed support arms are controlled to lift through a hydraulic lifting device, base support rods are fixed on two sides of the annular base, the two base support rods are respectively arranged on the two fixed support arms through bearings and are controlled to rotate through a motor, the annular rotating seat is arranged on the annular base through a thrust ball bearing, the inner side of the upper end of the annular rotating seat is provided with forged ball rotating interference grains, the outer wall of the lower end of the annular rotating seat is provided with rotating interference teeth B, the power gear is arranged on the base supporting rod, the power gear is provided with a rotary interference tooth C, the rotary interference tooth B and the rotary interference tooth C realize interference, the power gear is controlled to rotate by a motor, and the middle forging air hammer is arranged above the primary forging platform; the precision forging assembly comprises a precision forging platform, an annular forging groove, a circular rotary table, an annular rotary ring, a limiting baffle, a power baffle and an annular multi-punch air hammer, wherein the annular forging groove is formed in the precision forging platform, the circular rotary table is arranged on the precision forging platform at the center of the annular forging groove, the annular rotary ring is arranged on the precision forging platform outside the annular forging groove, the limiting baffle and the power baffle are arranged in the annular forging groove, two ends of the limiting baffle are respectively fixed on the circular rotary table and the annular rotary ring, one end of the power baffle is hinged on the annular rotary ring, the other end of the power baffle is arranged on the circular rotary table through a locking device, a plurality of universal balls are respectively arranged on the limiting baffle and the power baffle, the rear side of the power baffle is hinged with a hydraulic telescopic rod, the tail end of the hydraulic telescopic rod is hinged on the annular rotary ring at the rear side of the power baffle, and the annular multi-punch air hammer is arranged above the annular, the annular multi-punch air hammer is formed by annularly arranging a plurality of independent air hammers.
Preferably, an annular clearance groove is formed between the initial forging platform and the hole wall of the forging platform hole, middle forging device placing grooves communicated with the annular clearance groove are formed in the conveying platforms on the two sides of the forging platform hole, and a raw material rod sliding groove is formed in the conveying platforms; the precision forging platforms on the two sides of the annular forging groove are respectively provided with a precision forging feeding chute and a precision forging discharging chute which are communicated with the annular forging groove, and the raw material rod chute, the precision forging feeding chute and the two middle forging device placing grooves form a cross-shaped annular clearance groove communicated with the conveying platform; the bottom in the terminal annular of finish forging ejection of compact spout is forged the groove is provided with the flexible ejector pin of hydraulic pressure of slope, just forge bench top portion and set up to level and smooth bowl shape sunken hole, the bottom in annular forging groove becomes the horizontal plane setting, limit baffle, power baffle are cowl.
Preferably, the locking device comprises a retaining ring fixed on the circular turntable and a locking claw fixed at one end of the power baffle, wherein the locking claw is controlled to open and close through a hydraulic system and is locked and separated from the retaining ring.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the production method of the high-hardness high-toughness wear-resistant forged ball provided by the invention has the advantages that the steps are simple and convenient, the production efficiency is high, the component design of the forged ball alloy and the optimization of the heat treatment process are combined, the forged ball is treated by adopting the combined heat treatment process consisting of tempering after forging, secondary quenching and low-temperature tempering, the surface hardness of the produced forged ball is more than or equal to 62HRC, the new surface hardness difference is not more than 3HRC, the integral high hardness is maintained, and the impact toughness is more than or equal to 35kJ/cm2The technical problem that the high hardness and the high impact toughness of the prior grinding ball cannot be considered at the same time is solved.
Drawings
FIG. 1: the forging forming and combined heat treatment process curve chart of the embodiment 1 of the invention;
FIG. 2: metallographic structure diagrams of the surface (a), 1/2R (b) and the core (c) of the forged ball produced by the invention;
FIG. 3: the forging ball forging equipment of the invention has a schematic structure.
Detailed Description
To facilitate understanding of those skilled in the art, the present invention will be further described with reference to specific examples.
Example 1:
as shown in figure 1, the production method of the high-hardness high-toughness wear-resistant forged ball comprises the following specific steps:
(1) cutting and blanking: the hot-rolled air-cooled round bar is used as a raw material, and the ratio of the diameter of the round bar to the diameter of the prepared forged ball is 1: 1.5, cutting and blanking after calculating the length of the raw material round bar according to the volume of the manufactured forging ball, wherein the volume loss in the forging process of the forging ball is ignored; the raw material hot-rolled air-cooled round bar comprises the following main components in percentage by mass: c: 0.77, Mn: 0.85, Si: 1.8, Cr: 0.87, S:0.009, P: 0.0:18, and the balance Fe.
(2) Forging and forming: the cut raw material rod is forged and formed to obtain a forged ball with a required size, and the method comprises the following specific steps: a1, heating the steel billet by adopting a medium-frequency induction furnace, wherein the temperature is 1050 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 8 minutes; a2, in a forging ball forging device, open die forging is carried out by adopting an air hammer, the striking energy is controlled at 19kJ, the finish forging temperature is not lower than 950 ℃, the forging ball needs to be overturned to keep multidirectional forging in the forging process, the deformation uniformity is ensured, and the formed forging ball is prepared.
(3) Tempering after forging: s1, forging and forming the forging ball, pre-cooling the forging ball to 730 ℃ in air, and then cooling the forging ball with water for 3.5 minutes to obtain water; and S2, tempering the forged ball at a high temperature of 560 ℃, keeping the temperature for 4 hours, and discharging the forged ball from the furnace for air cooling after the tempering is finished.
(4) Secondary quenching: and (3) carrying out secondary quenching treatment on the forged and tempered forged ball, wherein the temperature of the secondary quenching is 780 ℃, the heat preservation time is 20 minutes, then soaking the high-temperature forged ball into water, carrying out water cooling for 3.5 minutes, finally discharging water, and carrying out air cooling to room temperature.
(5) Low-temperature tempering: and (3) carrying out low-temperature tempering treatment on the twice-quenched forged ball, wherein the low-temperature tempering temperature is 220 ℃, the heat preservation time is 4 hours, and discharging from the furnace for air cooling after the tempering is finished to obtain the high-hardness high-toughness wear-resistant forged ball.
As shown in figure 3, in the forging and forming stage, the forging and ball forging equipment comprises a conveying material platform 1, a primary forging platform 2, a spherical forging die assembly, a middle forging overturning device 5 and a finish forging assembly 6, wherein a raw material rod chute 11 and a forging platform hole 12 are arranged on the conveying material platform 1, a smooth bowl-shaped sunken hole 21 is formed in the top of the primary forging platform 2, the primary forging platform 2 is installed in the forging platform hole 12, the diameter of the primary forging platform 2 is smaller than that of the forging platform hole 12, so that an annular clearance groove is formed between the primary forging platform 2 and the hole wall of the forging platform hole 12, and middle forging device placing grooves 13 communicated with the annular clearance groove are arranged on the conveying material platform 1 on two sides of the forging platform hole 12.
The spherical forging die assembly comprises a right hemispherical die shell 3 and a left hemispherical die shell 4, a right hemispherical space 31 and a left hemispherical space 41 are respectively arranged inside the right hemispherical die shell 3 and the left hemispherical die shell 4, right semicircular holes 32 communicated with the right hemispherical space 31 are respectively arranged at the top end and the bottom end of the right hemispherical die shell 3, left semicircular holes 42 communicated with the left hemispherical space 41 are respectively arranged at the top end and the bottom end of the left hemispherical die shell 4, a right die hydraulic propulsion device 33 and a left die hydraulic propulsion device 43 are respectively arranged at one end of the right hemispherical die shell 3 and one end of the left hemispherical die shell 4, and the right hemispherical die shell 3 and the left hemispherical die shell 4 respectively move oppositely under the action of the right die hydraulic propulsion device 33 and the left die hydraulic propulsion device 43, so that the right hemispherical die shell 3 and the left hemispherical die shell 4 are combined together to form a whole sphere.
The middle forging turnover device 5 comprises an annular base 51, a base support rod 52, a fixed support arm 53, an annular rotary seat 54, a power gear 55 and a middle forging air hammer, wherein the middle forging air hammer is arranged above the initial forging platform 2 and the annular rotary seat 54; the two fixed support arms 53 are arranged and controlled to lift through a hydraulic lifting device, the two sides of the annular base 51 are both fixed with base support rods 52, and the two base support rods 52 are respectively arranged on the two fixed support arms 53 through bearings and are controlled to rotate through a motor; annular roating seat 54 passes through thrust ball bearing and installs on annular base 51, and annular roating seat 54 upper end inboard is provided with the rotatory line 541 that interferes of forged ball, is provided with rotatory interference tooth B542 on the outer wall of annular roating seat 54 lower extreme, and power gear 55 installs on base branch 52, is provided with rotatory interference tooth C on the power gear 55, and rotatory interference tooth B542 realizes interfering with rotatory interference tooth C, and power gear 55 passes through motor control rotation.
The precision forging assembly 6 comprises a precision forging platform 61, an annular forging groove 62, a circular turntable 63, an annular rotating ring 64, a limiting baffle 65, a power baffle 66 and an annular multi-punch air hammer, wherein the annular forging groove 62 is arranged on the precision forging platform 61, the bottom of the annular forging groove 62 is arranged in a horizontal plane, a precision forging material inlet chute 611 and a precision forging material outlet chute 612 which are communicated with the annular forging groove 62 are respectively arranged on the precision forging platform 61 on two sides of the annular forging groove 62, a raw material rod chute 11, the precision forging material inlet chute 611 and two middle forging device placing grooves 13 are in a cross shape and are communicated with an annular clearance groove on the material conveying platform 1, and an inclined hydraulic telescopic ejector rod 69 is arranged at the bottom of the annular forging groove 62 at the tail end of the precision forging material outlet chute 612. The circular turntable 63 is arranged on the finish forging platform 61 at the center of the annular forging groove 62, the annular rotating ring 64 is arranged on the finish forging platform 61 outside the annular forging groove 62, the limiting baffle 65 and the power baffle 66 are arc baffles and are arranged in the annular forging groove 62, the annular multi-punch air hammer is arranged above the annular forging groove 62, and the annular multi-punch air hammer is formed by annularly arranging a plurality of independent air hammers.
Wherein, the both ends of limit baffle 65 are fixed respectively on circular revolving stage 63, annular change 64, and power baffle 66 one end articulates on annular change 64, and the other end passes through locking device to be installed on circular revolving stage 63, all is provided with the universal ball 67 of a plurality of on limit baffle 65, the power baffle 66, and the rear side of power baffle 66 articulates there is hydraulic telescoping rod 68, and hydraulic telescoping rod 68 end articulates on the annular change 64 of power baffle 66 rear side. The locking device comprises a retaining ring fixed on the circular turntable 63 and a locking claw fixed at one end of the power baffle 66, wherein the locking claw is controlled to open and close through a hydraulic system and is locked and separated from the retaining ring.
When the forging ball forging device is used in the forging forming stage, firstly, the fixed support arm 53 of the middle forging turnover device 5 is controlled by the hydraulic lifting device to reduce the height, so that the whole middle forging turnover device 5 is embedded into the annular clearance groove between the primary forging platform 2 and the forging platform hole 12 and the middle forging device placing groove 13; secondly, the raw material metal rod is conveyed to a smooth bowl-shaped sunken hole 21 at the top of the primary forging platform 2 through a raw material rod chute 11 of the conveying platform 1, and the raw material metal rod is erected in the bowl-shaped sunken hole 21 through a special clamping device or a manual handheld clamp; thirdly, the right hemispherical formwork 3 and the left hemispherical formwork 4 move oppositely downwards under the action of a right die hydraulic pushing device 33 and a left die hydraulic pushing device 43 respectively, so that the right hemispherical formwork 3 and the left hemispherical formwork 4 are combined together to form a whole sphere, the raw material metal rod is limited in the right die semicircular hole 32 and the left die semicircular hole 42, and a middle forging air hammer downwards strikes the top end of the raw material metal rod under the action of an air cylinder so as to form a blank steel ball with a thick middle part; then, the right hemispherical formwork 3 and the left hemispherical formwork 4 move and separate oppositely, the middle forging turnover device 5 rises to enable the blank steel ball to fall on the primary forging platform 2 and the annular rotating seat 54, the posture of the blank steel ball is adjusted through the rotation of the annular rotating seat 54 and the rotation of the fixed support arm 53, and effective forging of each department of the blank steel ball is realized to form a blank forging ball; then, the blank forging ball rolls into the annular forging groove 62 through the fine forging feeding chute 611 under the action of the middle forging turning device 5, and the blank forging ball rolls in the annular forging groove 62 under the limiting action of the limiting baffle 65 and the power baffle 66 and is effectively forged by an annular multi-punch air hammer; the buckling claws at one end of the power baffle plate 66 are controlled to be opened through a hydraulic system, and the adjustment of the rotating angle of the power baffle plate 66 is controlled through the expansion and contraction of a hydraulic telescopic rod 68, so that the blank forging ball is adjusted to be exposed at the position where the top end of the blank forging ball is forged, the blank forging ball is continuously rolled and forged through the locking of the buckling claws and the buckling rings, and the whole outer surface of the blank forging ball can be uniformly stressed and forged through the adjustment of the rotating angle of the timing power baffle plate 66 to form a formed forging ball; finally, when the formed forging ball rolls to the end of the finish forging discharging chute 612, the inclined hydraulic telescopic ejector rod 69 acts on the formed forging ball, so that the formed forging ball rolls into the finish forging discharging chute 612 and is transported out of the forging ball forging equipment, and the whole forging process of the forging ball is realized.
Example 2:
the production process of high hardness, high toughness and wear resistant forged ball includes the same steps as in example 1, and the forging apparatus used in the forging stage is the same as that in the following steps:
(1) in cutting blanking, the ratio of the diameter of the raw material hot-rolled air-cooled round bar to the diameter of the prepared forging ball is 1: 1.4.
(2) in the forging forming process, a medium-frequency induction furnace is adopted to heat the steel billet at 1080 ℃ for 5 minutes; in the forging ball forging equipment, an air hammer is adopted for open die forging, and the striking energy is controlled to be 30 kJ.
(3) In the hardening and tempering after forging, a forging ball is pre-cooled to 750 ℃ in air and is cooled by water for 3 minutes; the high-temperature tempering temperature of the forged ball is 620 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 2 hours.
(4) In the secondary quenching, the temperature is 760 ℃, the heat preservation time is 60 minutes, and then the high-temperature forged ball is immersed in water for water cooling for 4 minutes.
(5) In low-temperature tempering, the temperature is controlled to be 250 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 2 hours.
Example 3:
the production process of high hardness, high toughness and wear resistant forged ball includes the same steps as in example 1, and the forging apparatus used in the forging stage is the same as that in the following steps:
(1) in cutting blanking, the ratio of the diameter of the raw material hot-rolled air-cooled round bar to the diameter of the prepared forging ball is 1: 1.6.
(2) in the forging forming process, a medium-frequency induction furnace is adopted to heat the steel billet, the temperature is 1030 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 10 minutes; in the forging ball forging equipment, an air hammer is adopted for open die forging, and the striking energy is controlled to be 15 kJ.
(3) In the hardening and tempering after forging, a forging ball is pre-cooled to 720 ℃ in air, and is cooled by water for 4 minutes; the high-temperature tempering temperature of the forged ball is 550 ℃, and the time is 3 hours.
(4) In the secondary quenching, the temperature is 820 ℃, the heat preservation time is 15 minutes, and then the high-temperature forging ball is immersed in water for 3 minutes.
(5) In low-temperature tempering, the temperature is controlled to be 180 ℃ and the heat preservation time is 5 hours.
The embodiment 1-3 shows that the production method of the high-hardness high-toughness wear-resistant forging ball has the advantages of simple and convenient steps and high production efficiency, the forging ball alloy composition design and the heat treatment process optimization are combined, the forged ball is treated by the combined heat treatment process consisting of tempering after forging, secondary quenching and low-temperature tempering, the produced forging ball has good flatness and high grinding efficiency, and the hardness and the impact toughness meet ideal requirements.
Taking example 1 as an example, the following is briefly described:
the forging forming and combined heat treatment process curve of the invention example 1 is shown in fig. 1, and the metallographic structure photograph of the surface (a), 1/2R (b) and core (c) of the forged ball produced in the invention example 1 is shown in fig. 2.
The heat treatment process of the embodiment is summarized as shown in figure 1, and after the forging and tempering, the obtained fine dispersed carbide blocks the growth of a martensite structure in the secondary quenching process, so that a mixed structure of lath martensite and needle-sheet martensite is finally obtained, the martensite structure is fine, and the fine granular carbide with obvious metallographic structure is shown in figure 2.
The prepared wear-resistant forged ball is cut and subjected to tissue observation, hardness test and impact toughness test, the measured surface hardness is 62.4HRC, the hardness at 1/2R is 60.5HRC, the core hardness is 59.6HRC, and the impact toughness at 1/2R is 39J/cm2。
In the same way, the high-hardness high-toughness wear-resistant forged balls produced by the production method of high-hardness high-toughness wear-resistant forged balls described in the embodiments 1 to 3 are respectively cut and subjected to tissue observation, hardness test and impact toughness test, and after multiple detections, the surface hardness of the produced forged balls is not less than 62HRC, the new surface hardness difference is not more than 3HRC,the impact toughness is more than or equal to 35kJ/cm while the integral high hardness is maintained2The technical problem that the high hardness and the high impact toughness of the prior grinding ball cannot be considered at the same time is solved.
The foregoing is an illustrative description of the invention, and it is clear that the specific implementation of the invention is not restricted to the above-described manner, but it is within the scope of the invention to apply the inventive concept and solution to other applications without substantial or direct modification.
Claims (10)
1. The production method of the high-hardness high-toughness wear-resistant forged ball is characterized by comprising the following specific steps of: the high-hardness high-toughness wear-resistant forged ball is prepared by cutting and blanking a round bar subjected to hot rolling and air cooling as a raw material, forging and forming to obtain a forged ball with a required size, and finally performing combined heat treatment consisting of tempering after forging, secondary quenching and low-temperature tempering.
2. The method for producing the high-hardness high-toughness wear-resistant forging ball according to claim 1, wherein the raw material hot-rolled air-cooled round bar mainly comprises the following components in percentage by mass: c: 0.7 to 0.85, Mn: 0.8 to 1.2, Si: 1.5-2.0, Cr: 0.8-1.5, less than or equal to 0.02 of S, less than or equal to 0.02 of P, and the balance of Fe.
3. The method for producing a high-hardness, high-toughness and wear-resistant forged ball according to claim 1, wherein the ratio of the diameter of the raw material hot-rolled air-cooled round bar to the diameter of the forged ball produced is 1: (1.4-1.6).
4. The production method of the high-hardness high-toughness wear-resistant forging ball as claimed in claim 1, wherein the hardening and tempering after forging comprises the following specific process steps:
s1, forging and forming the forged ball, pre-cooling the forged ball to 720-750 ℃ in air, and then cooling the forged ball with water for 3-4 minutes to obtain water;
and S2, tempering the forged ball at high temperature of 550-620 ℃ for 2-4 hours, and discharging the forged ball from the furnace for air cooling after the tempering is finished.
5. The production method of the high-hardness high-toughness wear-resistant forged ball as claimed in claim 1, wherein the temperature of the secondary quenching is 760-820 ℃, the holding time is 15-60 minutes, then the high-temperature forged ball is immersed in water for water cooling for 3-4 minutes, finally the water is discharged, and the air cooling is carried out to the room temperature.
6. The production method of the high-hardness high-toughness wear-resistant forged ball as claimed in claim 1, wherein the low-temperature tempering temperature is 180-250 ℃, the holding time is 2-5 hours, and the ball is discharged from a furnace and cooled in air after the tempering.
7. The production method of the high-hardness high-toughness wear-resistant forging ball according to claim 1, wherein the forging forming comprises the following specific steps:
a1, heating the steel billet by adopting a medium-frequency induction furnace, wherein the temperature is 1030-1080 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 5-10 minutes;
a2, in a forging ball forging device, open die forging is carried out by adopting an air hammer, the striking energy is controlled to be 15-30 kJ, the finish forging temperature is not lower than 950 ℃, and the forging ball needs to be overturned to keep multidirectional forging in the forging process, so that the uniformity of deformation is ensured.
8. The production method of the high-hardness high-toughness wear-resistant forging ball as claimed in claim 1, wherein the forging ball forging equipment comprises a conveying platform (1), a primary forging platform (2), a spherical forging die assembly, a middle forging overturning device (5) and a finish forging assembly (6), wherein a forging platform hole (12) is formed in the conveying platform (1), and the primary forging platform (2) is installed in the forging platform hole (12); the spherical forging die assembly comprises a right hemispherical die shell (3) and a left hemispherical die shell (4), a right die hemispherical space (31) and a left die hemispherical space (41) are respectively arranged inside the right hemispherical die shell (3) and the left hemispherical die shell (4), a right die semicircular hole (32) communicated with the right die hemispherical space (31) is formed in the top end and the bottom of the right hemispherical die shell (3), a left die semicircular hole (42) communicated with the left die hemispherical space (41) is formed in the top end and the bottom of the left hemispherical die shell (4), and a right die hydraulic propulsion device (33) and a left die hydraulic propulsion device (43) are respectively arranged at one end of the right hemispherical die shell (3) and one end of the left hemispherical die shell (4); the middle forging turnover device (5) comprises an annular base (51), base supporting rods (52), two fixed supporting arms (53), an annular rotating seat (54), a power gear (55) and a middle forging air hammer, wherein the two fixed supporting arms (53) are controlled to lift through a hydraulic lifting device, the base supporting rods (52) are fixed on two sides of the annular base (51), the two base supporting rods (52) are respectively installed on the two fixed supporting arms (53) through bearings and are controlled to rotate through a motor, the annular rotating seat (54) is installed on the annular base (51) through a thrust ball bearing, forged ball rotating interference patterns (541) are arranged on the inner side of the upper end of the annular rotating seat (54), rotating interference teeth B (542) are arranged on the outer wall of the lower end of the annular rotating seat (54), and the power gear (55) is installed on the base supporting rods (52), the power gear (55) is provided with a rotary interference tooth C, the rotary interference tooth B (542) is interfered with the rotary interference tooth C, the power gear (55) is controlled to rotate through a motor, and the middle forging air hammer is arranged above the primary forging table (2); the precision forging assembly (6) comprises a precision forging platform (61), an annular forging groove (62), a circular rotary table (63), an annular rotary ring (64), a limiting baffle plate (65), a power baffle plate (66) and an annular multi-punch air hammer, wherein the annular forging groove (62) is formed in the precision forging platform (61), the circular rotary table (63) is arranged on the precision forging platform (61) at the center of the annular forging groove (62), the annular rotary ring (64) is arranged on the precision forging platform (61) on the outer side of the annular forging groove (62), the limiting baffle plate (65) and the power baffle plate (66) are both arranged in the annular forging groove (62), two ends of the limiting baffle plate (65) are respectively fixed on the circular rotary table (63) and the annular rotary ring (64), one end of the power baffle plate (66) is hinged on the annular rotary ring (64), and the other end of the power baffle plate is arranged on the circular rotary table (63) through a locking device, the multi-punch-head air hammer is characterized in that a plurality of universal balls (67) are arranged on the limiting baffle (65) and the power baffle (66), a hydraulic telescopic rod (68) is hinged to the rear side of the power baffle (66), the tail end of the hydraulic telescopic rod (68) is hinged to an annular rotating ring (64) on the rear side of the power baffle (66), the annular multi-punch-head air hammer is arranged above the annular forging groove (62), and the annular multi-punch-head air hammer is formed by annularly arranging a plurality of independent air hammers.
9. The production method of the high-hardness high-toughness wear-resistant forging ball according to claim 8, characterized in that an annular clearance groove is arranged between the initial forging platform (2) and the wall of the forging platform hole (12), a middle forging device placing groove (13) communicated with the annular clearance groove is arranged on the conveying platform (1) at two sides of the forging platform hole (12), and a raw material rod chute (11) is arranged on the conveying platform (1); the precision forging platforms (61) on the two sides of the annular forging groove (62) are respectively provided with a precision forging feeding chute (611) and a precision forging discharging chute (612) which are communicated with the annular forging groove (62), and the raw material rod chute (11), the precision forging feeding chute (611) and the two middle forging device placing grooves (13) form a cross-shaped annular clearance groove communicated with the conveying platform (1); the bottom that groove (62) was forged to the terminal annular of finish forge ejection of compact spout (612) is provided with the flexible ejector pin of hydraulic pressure (69) of slope, it sets up to smooth bowl shape sunken hole (21) to forge platform (2) top just, the bottom that groove (62) was forged to the annular sets up into the horizontal plane, limit baffle (65), power baffle (66) are cowl.
10. The method for producing the high-hardness high-toughness wear-resistant forging ball according to claim 8, wherein the locking device comprises a retaining ring fixed on a circular turntable (63) and a locking claw fixed at one end of a power baffle (66), and the locking claw is controlled to open and close through a hydraulic system and is locked and separated with the retaining ring.
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