CN111729164A

CN111729164A - Breathing machine adapter and breathing machine system

Info

Publication number: CN111729164A
Application number: CN202010564136.0A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 张成梁; 李平; 呼家佳; 鄢建勤
Original assignee: Xiangya Hospital of Central South University
Current assignee: Xiangya Hospital of Central South University
Priority date: 2020-06-19
Filing date: 2020-06-19
Publication date: 2020-10-02
Anticipated expiration: 2040-06-19
Also published as: CN111729164B

Abstract

A ventilator adapter and a ventilator system. A ventilator adapter comprising: the first N-path distributor (1), the second N-path distributor (2) and N Y-shaped adapters; the N-way distributor comprises a main path (11) and N branch paths, wherein the main path (11) comprises a main path constant diameter section (111) and a main path variable diameter section (112); the diameter of the main path variable diameter section (112) decreases linearly along the length direction away from the main path constant diameter section (111). The breathing machine adapter provided by the invention is connected to the breathing machine in the prior art, so that a plurality of patients can share one breathing machine, each branch pipeline obtains relatively average flow rate, the number of patients supported by a single breathing machine is favorably expanded, and the efficiency of the breathing machine is improved to the maximum extent.

Description

Breathing machine adapter and breathing machine system

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of medical equipment, in particular to a breathing machine adapter and a breathing machine system.

Background

Ventilators have been commonly used for respiratory failure due to various causes, anesthesia and breathing management during major surgery, respiratory support therapy, and rescue resuscitation as an effective means for manually replacing the function of spontaneous ventilation. Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a ventilator system of the prior art, which includes a ventilator 1 ', a humidifier 2 ', a Y-adapter 3 ', a pressure flow meter 4 ', a pressure sensor 5 ', and a first pressure detection tube 51 ' and a second pressure detection tube 52 '.

The upper one connected to the ventilator 1 ' receives exhaled air from the patient through a first branch, as indicated by the first large arrow pointing towards the ventilator 1 ', and it sends inhaled air to the patient through a second branch, as indicated by the second large arrow pointing away from the ventilator 1 ', located lower.

The pressure sensor 5 ' is a differential pressure sensor including a cylindrical housing allowing air to be transferred to or from a patient and two pressure detecting ports 53 ' and 54 ' connected to the first and second pressure detecting tubes 51 ' and 52 '. The pressure sensor 5 ' further includes a resistance element positioned along the inside of the housing between the pressure detection port 53 ' and the pressure detection port 54 '. The resistive element changes the velocity of the airflow as it passes through the housing, which creates a pressure differential between the pressure sensing ports 53 'and 54'. This differential pressure is detected by the pressure flowmeter 4' to measure the respiratory flow through the housing. The pressure flow meter 4' then measures the differential pressure to produce one or more corresponding electrical signals. These electrical signals are processed by the ventilator 1' to trigger specific modes of operation of the ventilator, such as:

intermittent positive airway pressure (IPPV) mode: when breathing in, positive pressure is generated to press the air into the lung and the air is exhaled by the self pressure of the body.

Assisted/controlled ventilation (a/C) mode: when the patient has spontaneous respiration, the machine is started along with the respiration, and once the spontaneous respiration does not occur within a certain time, the mechanical ventilation is automatically changed from auxiliary ventilation to control ventilation.

Synchronized intermittent commanded ventilation (SIMV) mode: the respirator receives a negative pressure signal in an airway caused by spontaneous respiration at a certain intermittent time, synchronously sends out airflow, and intermittently performs auxiliary ventilation. Namely, after a plurality of times of spontaneous breaths, positive pressure ventilation is carried out for one time, and the ventilation volume per minute is ensured.

The first and second pressure sensing tubes 51 ' and 52 ' may be filled with a volume or column of gas whose pressure changes in response to the breathing action of the ventilator 1 ' and the patient. These changes in pressure are measured by the pressure flow meter 4'.

The ventilator 1 'supplies gas from the ventilator inhalation port to the humidifier 2'. The gas typically comprises room air or oxygen. The gas is typically dry and at room temperature of 25 ℃. The gas exiting the humidifier 2' is typically at 100% Relative Humidity (RH) (i.e., saturated) and at a temperature greater than room temperature and less than or equal to body temperature 37 ℃. The gas is supplied to the patient via an inhalation branch comprising a Y-adapter 3 'and a pressure sensor 5'. The gas returning from the patient is less than 100% RH due to condensation and at a lower temperature (e.g. 33 ℃) and returns to the ventilator 1 ' via the exhalation limb containing the Y-adapter 3 ' and the pressure sensor 5 '.

The prior art ventilator systems described above are only capable of supplying one patient. When the patient encounters serious epidemic situations, natural disasters such as earthquakes, floods and the like, the number of the breathing machines is insufficient, and the patient with a large increase in short time cannot be supported.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the above problems in the prior art, the technical solution provided by the embodiment of the present application is as follows:

a breathing machine adapter 100 comprises a first N-way distributor 1, a second N-way distributor 2 and N Y-shaped adapters; one branch port of the N Y-shaped adapters is sequentially connected with each branch port of the first N-way distributor 1 through a first one-way valve 10; the other branch ports of the N Y-adapters are sequentially connected to each branch port of the second N-way distributor 2 through a second check valve 20; where N is 2 × i, i is a natural number. The number of the branches of the first N-way distributor 1 and the second N-way distributor 2 corresponds to the number of the Y-shaped adapters, and the first check valve 10 and the second check valve 20 correspond to the branch ports of the first N-way distributor 1 and the second N-way distributor 2 one to one. The N-way distributor comprises a main path 11 and N branch paths, wherein the main path 11 comprises a main path constant diameter section 111 and a main path variable diameter section 112; the pipe diameter of the main path variable diameter section 112 is linearly decreased in a length direction away from the main path constant diameter section 111.

A ventilator system comprising, in series: a ventilator, a ventilator adapter, a pressure sensor; the pressure flowmeter is connected with the pressure sensor in parallel.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: the breathing machine adapter provided by the invention is connected to the breathing machine in the prior art, so that a plurality of patients can share one breathing machine, each branch pipeline obtains relatively average flow rate, the number of patients supported by a single breathing machine is favorably expanded, and the efficiency of the breathing machine is improved to the maximum extent.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a prior art ventilator system;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a ventilator system according to the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a first embodiment of a ventilator adapter of the present invention;

fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the Y-adapter of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a second embodiment of the ventilator adapter of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a graph comparing the performance of various embodiments of the ventilator adapter of the present invention with the prior art;

fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a third embodiment of the ventilator adapter of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The present invention now will be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which exemplary embodiments of the invention are shown. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein; rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art. Like numbers will refer to like elements throughout. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

Unless defined otherwise, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. It will be further understood that terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the relevant art and this particular disclosure, and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein.

It should be emphasized that the term "comprises/comprising" when used in this specification is taken to specify the presence of stated features, elements, steps or components, but does not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, elements, steps, components or groups thereof.

It should be understood that although the terms first and second may be used herein to describe various components, these components should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one component from another. Thus, for example, a first component described below could be termed a second component without departing from the teachings of the present invention.

Referring now to fig. 2, a ventilator system of the present invention is shown with a prior art wye adapter and subsequent pressure sensor and pressure flow meter removed to allow access to the ventilator adapter 100 of the present invention. The breathing machine adapter 100 comprises a first N-path distributor 1, a second N-path distributor 2 and N Y-shaped adapters; one branch port of the N Y-shaped adapters is sequentially connected with each branch port of the first N-way distributor 1 through a first one-way valve 10; the other branch ports of the N Y-adapters are sequentially connected to each branch port of the second N-way distributor 2 through a second check valve 20; where N is 2 × i, i is a natural number.

The first check valves 10 and the second check valves 20 are respectively in one-to-one correspondence with the branch ports of the first N-way distributor 1 and the second N-way distributor 2, that is, the number of the first check valves 10 is N, and the number of the second check valves 20 is N. The first check valve 10 and the second check valve 20 are in opposite directions of flow to prevent an internal circuit from forming in the ventilator adapter 100 circuit of the present invention.

The branch quantity of first N way distributor 1, second N way distributor 2 corresponds with the quantity of Y shape adapter, and N branch quantity corresponds N Y shape adapter, and N Y shape adapter corresponds to N patient. For example, when i is 1 and N is 2, the ventilator adapter 100 according to the present invention can be used to expand a ventilator for 2 patients. When i is 2 and N is 4, the ventilator adapter 100 according to the present invention can be used to expand a ventilator for 4 patients. By analogy, the maximum number of patients that can be actually supported using the ventilator adapter 100 of the present invention is determined by the maximum power that can be achieved by the ventilator and the minimum volume of gas delivered required by the patient. Typically, peak inspiratory flow rates in clinical ventilators range from 40-80L/min.

As shown in fig. 2, an embodiment with N-4 is shown, that is, 4Y-adapters are included: the device comprises a first Y-shaped adapter 3, a second Y-shaped adapter 4, a third Y-shaped adapter 5 and a fourth Y-shaped adapter 6. The left branch ports of the first to fourth Y-adapters are sequentially connected with the branch ports of the first four-way distributor 1. The right branch ports of the first to fourth Y-adapters are sequentially connected with the branch ports of the second four-way distributor 2. The first to fourth Y-shaped adapters, the first four-way distributor 1 and the second four-way distributor 2 are packaged in the shell to form the respirator adapter 100. The original pressure flowmeter 4 'and the pressure sensor 5' of the breathing machine in the prior art can be installed behind any Y-shaped adapter to trigger the breathing machine to work in a preset mode.

The first embodiment is as follows:

the specific structure of the first N-way distributor and the second N-way distributor of this embodiment is shown in fig. 3. When N is 4, the first N-way distributor and the second N-way distributor include a main path and four branch paths. As previously mentioned, N-4 is merely exemplary, and N may also be equal to 2, 6, 8, 10, and so on.

The first four-way divider and the second four-way divider in fig. 2 are generally implemented by a simple one-way-to-multi-way branching structure. However, such conventional branch lines can only approximately distribute the gas flow equally with a few branches. When a plurality of branches are connected to the main path at the same time, vortex is easily generated, and the flow distribution of the system is uneven due to pipeline vibration.

Fig. 3 shows a four-way distributor according to the present invention, which is intended to solve the above-mentioned problems of the prior art. Comprises a main path 11, a first branch path 12, a second branch path 13, a third branch path 14 and a fourth branch path 15. The four branch paths (12, 13, 14, 15) are parallel to each other, are provided on one side of the main path 11, and are perpendicular to the extending direction of the main path 11. The main path 11 includes a main path constant diameter section 111 and a main path variable diameter section 112. Each branch path includes a branch path constant diameter section (122, 132, 142, 152) and a branch path tapered section (121, 131, 141, 151). The branch path is disposed at one side of the main path variable section 112. The pipe diameter of the main path variable diameter section 112 is linearly decreased in a length direction away from the main path constant diameter section 111.

Wherein the diameter of the main path constant diameter section 111 is H, and the diameter of each branch path is H₁、h₂、h₃、h₄. The distance between the branch paths is G, and the end diameter of the variable-diameter section of the main path is H'.

To study the effect of different tube diameters on the airflow distribution, simulations were performed using the CFD module of COMSOL multihydrogen ics.

Through simulation, the diameters of the pipelines at different positions of the main path have different resistance to the flow velocity, so that the formed vortex flow is different in size, and further the flow velocity of each pipeline is different. To eliminate the effect of the vortex as much as possible, the tube diameter inside the distributor needs to be adjusted. In the present embodiment, a main path reducer section 112 is introduced in the main path so that the diameter of the pipeline is linearly reduced in the length direction. The ratio of the terminal diameter H' of the main path variable diameter section 112 to the diameter H of the main path constant diameter section 111 is 0.1 to 0.7, preferably 0.3.

In this embodiment, the intersection of the main path and the branch path of the inner wall of the pipeline is provided with the arc-shaped chamfer to eliminate sharp protrusions at the corners, thereby further reducing the generated vortex.

The greater the difference between the flow rate of the branch path and the flow rate of the main path of the four-way distributor, the greater the degree of turbulence generated. And the pipe diameters of the main path and the branch path are important factors affecting the flow rate. In order to obtain a more even flow rate of the four branch paths, it is necessary to configure appropriate pipe diameter ratios.

When H and H₁～h₄When any one of the values is equivalent, the pressure difference between the first branch path 12, the second branch path 13, the third branch path 14 and the fourth branch path 15 is large, and the flow rates are uneven, when the diameter H of the main path constant diameter section 111 satisfies the relationship that H is not less than 1.2 × (H is not less than H₁+h₂+h₃+h₄) Wherein h is₁、h₂、h₃、h₄For each branch path diameter of the ventilator adapter, the pressure difference between the first to fourth branch paths is small and the flow rate is relatively even.

The branch path variable diameter sections (121, 131, 141, 151) of each of the first to fourth branch paths are used as interfaces to facilitate connection with a port (33 or 34) connection pipe of the Y-shaped adapter, thereby preventing the Y-shaped adapter from being loosened during operation. The diameter of the reducer section can also finely adjust the flow speed and the resistance, and the possibility of generating vortex is reduced. The branch path reducer sections (121, 131, 141, 151) and the ports (33 or 34) of the Y-shaped adapters can be connected together through a socket joint or can be connected together through a mode such as ultrasonic welding, heat fusion and the like.

The specific structure of the Y-shaped adapter of the ventilator adapter 100 of this embodiment is shown in fig. 4. The first to fourth Y-adapters have identical shapes. The Y shape adapter includes: a first port 31, a transition section 32, a second port 33, a third port 34; the first port 31 is located on one side of the transition section 32; the second port 33 and the third port 34 are symmetrically arranged at the other side of the transition section 32; the first port 31 has a diameter d₁The second port 33 being of diameter d₂The third port 34 is of diameter d₃Wherein d is₁＝d₂+d₃. Preferably, d₂＝d₃. The transition section 32 is a hollow flat cavity that gradually increases in width across the cavity from one end to the other. By the above design it can be ensured that the flow rate is evenly distributed from the first port 31 to the

second portThe ports

33, 34, and the transition section 32 are longitudinally longer than in the prior art, and therefore the potential for vortex generation may be reduced.

The first port 31 of the Y-adapter is piped to the patient mask or to a pressure sensor and pressure flow meter, which in the prior art has been disconnected from the ventilator. The second port 33 of the Y-adapter is connected to the branch port of the first four-way distributor 1, and the third port 34 of the Y-adapter is connected to the branch port of the second four-way distributor 2.

Example two:

fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a first four-way distributor and a second four-way distributor according to a second embodiment. Compared with the first embodiment, the pipe diameters of the first branch path 12, the second branch path 13, the third branch path 14 and the fourth branch path 15 of the four-way distributor of the present embodiment gradually increase along the length direction of the main path. Thus, the pitch between the branch paths can be shortened. Preferably, the diameter ratio of each branch path of the four-way distributor in the present embodiment is h₁：h₂：h₃：h₄1: 1.3: 1.7: 2. in this case, the distance G 'between the shortened branch paths is only about half of the distance G in the first embodiment, that is, G' is 0.55G. A more compact four-way distributor is thus obtained, which is more advantageous when there are more branch paths.

Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of various embodiments of the present invention and a comparison example of the prior art.

Flow unevenness coefficient defined for each branch path:

wherein V_iIs the volume flow of each branch path, L/min;

is the average value of the volume flow of each branch path, L/min. In FIG. 6, the horizontal axis represents the serial number of the branch of the four-way distributor, and the vertical axis represents the comparison between the embodiments and the prior artExample flow non-uniformity coefficients. Compared with the adapter with a fixed pipe diameter in the prior art, each branch pipeline obtains a relatively average flow speed by adopting the technical scheme of the embodiment of the invention, and the expansion of the number of patients supported by a single respirator is facilitated.

The invention also discloses a breathing machine system, which comprises the following components in sequential cascade: a ventilator, a ventilator adapter, a pressure sensor; the pressure flowmeter is connected with the pressure sensor in parallel.

Example three:

as shown in fig. 7, compared to the first embodiment, in the third embodiment, an opening (not shown) is further provided at the terminal end of the main path 11, an adjusting screw 114 is sleeved in the opening, and an end of the adjusting screw 114, far from the constant diameter section 111, in the main path 11 is connected to an adjusting gasket 113. Rotating the adjustment screw 114 can adjust the position of the adjustment washer 113 within the main path 11, thereby finely adjusting the airflow resistance within the main path 11 and reducing the possibility of vortex generation. Preferably, the outer diameter of the adjusting shim 113 is equal to the inner diameter of the end of the main path 11 remote from the constant diameter section 111. The adjusting pad 113 may be made of silicone to provide good air tightness.

The above description is only a specific implementation of the embodiments of the present application, but the scope of the embodiments of the present application is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the embodiments of the present application, and all the changes or substitutions should be covered by the scope of the embodiments of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the embodiments of the present application shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A ventilator adapter, comprising: the first N-path distributor (1), the second N-path distributor (2) and N Y-shaped adapters; one branch port of the N Y-shaped adapters is sequentially connected with each branch port of the first N-way distributor (1) through a first one-way valve (10); the other branch ports of the N Y-shaped adapters are sequentially connected with each branch port of the second N-way distributor (2) through a second one-way valve (20); wherein N is 2 × i, i is a natural number; the number of branches of the first N-path distributor (1) and the second N-path distributor (2) corresponds to the number of Y-shaped adapters, and the first check valve (10) and the second check valve (20) correspond to branch ports of the first N-path distributor (1) and the second N-path distributor (2) one by one respectively; the N-way distributor comprises a main path (11) and N branch paths, wherein the main path (11) comprises a main path constant diameter section (111) and a main path variable diameter section (112); the diameter of the main path variable diameter section (112) decreases linearly along the length direction away from the main path constant diameter section (111).

2. A ventilator adapter according to claim 1 wherein: the first check valve (10) and the second check valve (20) are communicated in opposite directions.

3. A ventilator adapter according to claim 1 wherein: when N is 4, the first N-way distributor and the second N-way distributor comprise a main path and four branch paths, and form a first four-way distributor and a second four-way distributor; the four-way distributor comprises a main path (11), a first branch path (12), a second branch path (13), a third branch path (14) and a fourth branch path (15); the four branch paths (12, 13, 14, 15) are parallel to each other, arranged on one side of the main path (11) and perpendicular to the extending direction of the main path (11); each branch path comprises a branch path constant diameter section (122, 132, 142, 152) and a branch path variable diameter section (121, 131, 141, 151); the branch path is disposed at one side of the main path variable section (112).

4. A ventilator adapter according to claim 1 wherein: the constant diameter section (111) of the main path has a diameter H, and each of the branch paths has a diameter H₁、h₂、h₃、h₄(ii) a The distance between the branch paths is G, and the diameter of the tail end of the variable-diameter section of the main path is H'; the ratio of the tail end diameter H' of the main path variable diameter section (112) to the diameter H of the main path constant diameter section (111) is 0.1-0.7.

5. A ventilator adapter according to claim 4 wherein: the terminal of main route 11 still is provided with the trompil, and the cover is equipped with adjusting screw (114) in the trompil, and adjusting screw (114) are connected with adjusting shim (113) in main route (11) keep away from the one end of constant diameter section (111).

6. A ventilator adapter according to any one of claims 1-5 wherein: a circular arc chamfer is arranged at the junction of the main path (11) and the branch paths (12, 13, 14, 15) on the inner wall of the pipeline.

7. A respirator adapter according to claim 4, wherein the diameter H of the main path constant diameter section (111) satisfies the relationship H ≧ 1.2 × (H)₁+h₂+h₃+h₄) Wherein h is₁、h₂、h₃、h₄The diameter of each branch path for the ventilator adapter.

8. A ventilator adapter according to claim 1 wherein: the Y shape adapter includes: a first port (31), a transition section (32), a second port (33), a third port (34); the first port (31) is positioned at one side of the transition section (32); the second port (33) and the third port (34) are symmetrically arranged on the other side of the transition section (32); the first port (31) has a diameter d₁The second port (33) being of diameter d₂The third port (34) being of diameter d₃Wherein d is₁＝d₂+d₃(ii) a The transition section (32) is a hollow flat cavity that gradually increases in width across the transition section from one end to the other.

9. A ventilator adapter according to claim 3 wherein: the pipe diameters of a first branch path (12), a second branch path (13), a third branch path (14) and a fourth branch path (15) of the four-way distributor are gradually increased along the length direction of the main path.

10. A ventilator system comprising a ventilator, a ventilator adapter according to any one of claims 1-9, a pressure sensor, in serial cascade; the pressure flowmeter is connected with the pressure sensor in parallel.