CN111729139A - Negative pressure urine-absorbing drainage equipment for women - Google Patents

Negative pressure urine-absorbing drainage equipment for women Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN111729139A
CN111729139A CN202010723570.9A CN202010723570A CN111729139A CN 111729139 A CN111729139 A CN 111729139A CN 202010723570 A CN202010723570 A CN 202010723570A CN 111729139 A CN111729139 A CN 111729139A
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
urine
negative pressure
sleeve
cup
suction
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN202010723570.9A
Other languages
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
郭伟民
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
HANGZHOU BEVER MEDICAL DEVICES CO Ltd
Original Assignee
HANGZHOU BEVER MEDICAL DEVICES CO Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by HANGZHOU BEVER MEDICAL DEVICES CO Ltd filed Critical HANGZHOU BEVER MEDICAL DEVICES CO Ltd
Priority to CN202010723570.9A priority Critical patent/CN111729139A/en
Publication of CN111729139A publication Critical patent/CN111729139A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F5/00Orthopaedic methods or devices for non-surgical treatment of bones or joints; Nursing devices; Anti-rape devices
    • A61F5/44Devices worn by the patient for reception of urine, faeces, catamenial or other discharge; Portable urination aids; Colostomy devices
    • A61F5/451Genital or anal receptacles
    • A61F5/455Genital or anal receptacles for collecting urine or discharge from female member
    • A61F5/4553Genital or anal receptacles for collecting urine or discharge from female member placed in the vagina, e.g. for catamenial use
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61MDEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M1/00Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
    • A61M1/84Drainage tubes; Aspiration tips
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61MDEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M1/00Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
    • A61M1/88Draining devices having means for processing the drained fluid, e.g. an absorber

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Vascular Medicine (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Anesthesiology (AREA)
  • Hematology (AREA)
  • Surgery (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • Nursing (AREA)
  • Orthopedic Medicine & Surgery (AREA)
  • Orthopedics, Nursing, And Contraception (AREA)
  • External Artificial Organs (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a negative pressure urine absorption and drainage device for women, which comprises a base, a urine storage cup, a cup cover, a drainage tube, a urine absorption pad and a vacuum pump, wherein the vacuum pump is positioned in the base, the cup cover is sealed on the cup mouth of the urine storage cup, a urine inlet pipe joint and a negative pressure exhaust pipe joint are arranged on the cup cover, the air exhaust end of the vacuum pump is communicated and connected with the urine storage cup through the negative pressure exhaust pipe joint and is used for extracting air in the urine storage cup to enable the air to form negative pressure in the urine storage cup, one end of the drainage tube is communicated and connected with the flow collecting port of the urine absorption pad, and the other end of the drainage tube is communicated and. The invention uses the vacuum pump to pump the space formed by the cup cover and the urine storage cup, so that negative pressure is formed in the space, and then the urine pumped by the negative pressure in the urine absorption pad is pumped into the urine storage cup through the drainage tube.

Description

Negative pressure urine-absorbing drainage equipment for women
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of medical supplies, and particularly relates to negative pressure urine absorption and drainage equipment for women.
Background
Urinary incontinence is a disease which is relatively common among middle-aged and elderly women, refers to urinary incontinence, and is a common type of urinary stress incontinence, usually because the pelvic floor muscles are relatively loose after women have menopause or after children have been born, so that the urethra moves downwards when coughing or sneezing occurs, and the urine flows out by itself, and part of patients can be treated by operation or medicines, other patients are suitable for operation and drug treatment, so the condition of urinary incontinence can be avoided for a long time, for this part of the population, particularly at night, urinary incontinence patients typically spend a period of sleep with diapers worn, the paper diaper has poor air permeability when being worn, skin is easy to erupt, and urine is absorbed on the inner side of the paper diaper and is very moist, causes bacterial breeding to the female pudendum, and causes great influence and psychological burden to the psychology of patients.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a negative pressure urine suction and drainage device for women, which adopts negative pressure to draw urine in a urine suction pad attached to the private parts of women.
The invention is realized in such a way, and provides a negative pressure urine absorption and drainage device for women, which comprises a base, a urine storage cup, a cup cover, a drainage tube, a urine absorption pad and a vacuum pump, wherein the vacuum pump is positioned in the base, the cup cover is sealed and covered on the cup mouth of the urine storage cup, the cup cover is provided with a urine inlet tube joint and a negative pressure air extraction tube joint, the air extraction end of the vacuum pump is communicated and connected with the urine storage cup through the negative pressure air extraction tube joint and is used for extracting air in the urine storage cup to enable the air to form negative pressure in the urine storage cup, one end of the drainage tube is communicated and connected with the flow collecting port of the urine absorption pad, and the other.
Furthermore, the urine absorption pad comprises a rubber sleeve, a cloth sleeve and a flow guide layer, the cloth sleeve and the flow guide layer are sequentially arranged in the rubber sleeve from outside to inside in the radial direction, one end of the rubber sleeve is provided with a pipe orifice, one side of the middle of the rubber sleeve in the radial direction is provided with an opening to expose the cloth sleeve, and one end of the drainage pipe is guided by the pipe orifice and penetrates through the flow guide layer to the bottom of the rubber sleeve.
Furthermore, one end of the drainage tube close to the urine absorption pad is connected with a patch.
Further, the paster includes paster body and glue and detains, and one side of paster body is as close skin wainscot, and its opposite side middle part is connected with gluing to detain, and the drainage tube passes to detain to be connected with urine absorbing pad.
Further, the patch is made of silica gel.
Furthermore, the cloth cover is made of non-woven fabrics, the flow guide layer is made of terylene, and the rubber cover is made of silica gel.
Furthermore, scales are longitudinally arranged on the body of the urine storage cup.
Further, a urine cup placing portion is arranged on one side of the base, the urine storage cup is arranged on the urine cup placing portion, the air exhaust end of the vacuum pump is arranged on the top of the base, and the vacuum pump is communicated and connected with the negative pressure air exhaust pipe joint through the vacuum exhaust pipe.
Furthermore, one section of the vacuum pumping pipe is provided with a sleeve female sleeve, one end of the negative pressure air pumping pipe joint, which is positioned outside the cup cover, is provided with a sleeve male sleeve, and the sleeve female sleeve is in matched insertion with the sleeve male sleeve.
Furthermore, one end of the drainage tube is provided with a female plug-in sleeve, one end of the urine inlet pipe joint, which is positioned outside the cup cover, is provided with a male plug-in sleeve, and the female plug-in sleeve is in matched plug-in connection with the male plug-in sleeve.
Furthermore, a power socket is arranged on one side of the bottom of the base, and a power supply end of the vacuum pump is electrically connected with the power socket.
Compared with the prior art, the negative pressure urine suction and drainage device for the female is characterized in that a space formed by the cup cover and the urine storage cup is extracted through the vacuum pump, so that negative pressure is formed inside the negative pressure, and then urine extracted due to the negative pressure in the urine suction pad is extracted through the drainage tube to the urine storage cup; the opening at one side of the urine absorption pad rubber sleeve in the radial direction is arranged, the purpose is to expose the cloth sleeve, the cloth sleeve is directly contacted with the female pudendum, and one end of the drainage tube is guided by the tube opening and penetrates through the flow guide layer to the bottom of the rubber sleeve, so that the exposed part of the cloth sleeve has certain adsorption force, and urine flowing out from urinary incontinence is absorbed through the adsorption force; the arrangement of the flow guide layer aims at forming an adsorption fluffy layer, has certain elasticity and is beneficial to the leakage of urine, in the practical use, the bottom of the rubber sleeve is close to the anus, so the urine is adsorbed by negative pressure and accumulated at the bottom of the rubber sleeve, and meanwhile, the accumulated urine is pumped to the urine storage cup through the drainage tube; the design of the matched splicing of the sleeve female sleeve and the sleeve male sleeve, the matched splicing of the sleeve female sleeve and the splicing male sleeve and the design of the urine storage cup and the urine cup installation part aims at facilitating the patients, medical care personnel, family members and the like to take out the urine storage cup for urine discharge, and the arrangement of scales on the urine storage cup aims at facilitating the counting of the urine discharge; the setting of paster, the long-time contact of drainage tube and human skin is kept apart to its aim at one side, avoids human discomfort, and the drainage tube can be fixed to on the other hand, prevents that the drainage tube from rocking to lead to rubbing skin to cause the damage, perhaps oppress the drainage tube and cause pressure unbalance, and the setting of paster simultaneously can be better arranges the drainage route, adapts to different use scenes.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a negative pressure urine-absorbing drainage device for female use according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a second embodiment of the negative pressure urine-absorbing drainage apparatus for female use in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing the structure of a urine-absorbing pad of the negative pressure urine-absorbing drainage apparatus for women according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic sectional view of a urine-absorbing pad of the negative pressure urine-absorbing drainage device for women according to the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a patch structure of the negative pressure urine absorption drainage device for women.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantageous effects to be solved by the present invention more clearly apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Referring to fig. 1-5, the negative pressure urine suction and drainage device for women comprises a base 1, a urine storage cup 2, a cup cover 3, a urine suction pad 4, a drainage tube 5 and a vacuum pump 6, wherein the vacuum pump 6 is positioned in the base 1, the cup cover 3 is sealed on the cup mouth of the urine storage cup 2, the cup cover 3 is provided with a urine inlet tube joint 7 and a negative pressure air suction tube joint 8, the air suction end of the vacuum pump 6 is communicated and connected with the urine storage cup 2 through the negative pressure air suction tube joint 8 and is used for sucking air in the urine storage cup 2 to form negative pressure in the urine storage cup 2, one end of the drainage tube 5 is communicated and connected with the flow collecting mouth of the urine suction pad 4, and the other end of the drainage tube 5 is communicated and connected with the urine storage cup.
The urine absorption pad 4 comprises a rubber sleeve 41, a cloth sleeve 42 and a flow guide layer 43, the cloth sleeve 42 and the flow guide layer 43 are sequentially arranged in the rubber sleeve 41 from outside to inside in the radial direction, a pipe orifice 410 is arranged at one end of the rubber sleeve 41, an opening 411 is arranged at one side of the middle part of the rubber sleeve in the radial direction to expose the cloth sleeve 42, and one end of the drainage pipe 4 is guided by the pipe orifice 410 and penetrates through the flow guide layer 43 to the bottom of the rubber sleeve 41. One end of the drainage tube 5 close to the urine absorption pad 4 is connected with a patch 9. The patch 9 comprises a patch body 91 and a glue button 92, one side of the patch body 91 is used as a skin-friendly veneer, the middle part of the other side of the patch body is connected with the glue button 92, and the drainage tube 5 passes through the glue button 92 to be connected with the urine absorption pad 4. The patch 9 is made of silica gel, the cloth cover 42 is made of non-woven fabric, and the flow guide layer 43 is made of macromolecule hydrophobic material, such as terylene; the rubber sleeve 41 is made of silica gel, and a skin-friendly hydrogel patch which can be adhered to the skin of a human body is attached to the skin-friendly veneer.
The body of the urine storage cup 2 is longitudinally provided with scales 20. A urine cup installation part 11 is arranged on one side of the base 1, the urine storage cup 2 is arranged on the urine cup installation part 11, the air exhaust end 61 of the vacuum pump 6 is arranged on the top of the base, and the vacuum pump is communicated and connected with the negative pressure air exhaust pipe joint 8 through the vacuum exhaust pipe 62. One section of the vacuum tube 62 is provided with a sleeve female sleeve 63, one end of the negative pressure air exhaust pipe joint 8, which is positioned outside the cup cover 3, is provided with a sleeve male sleeve, and the sleeve female sleeve 63 is in matched insertion connection with the sleeve male sleeve. One end of the drainage tube 5 is provided with an inserting female sleeve 50, one end of the urine inlet tube joint 7, which is positioned outside the cup cover, is provided with an inserting male sleeve, and the inserting female sleeve 50 is inserted with the inserting male sleeve in a matching manner. One side of the bottom of the base 1 is provided with a power socket 100, and a power supply end 200 of the vacuum pump 6 is electrically connected with the power socket 100. Be equipped with the installation cavity that holds vacuum pump 6 in the base 1, the base 1 top is equipped with the mounting hole that is used for settling the end 61 of bleeding of vacuum pump 6.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. The utility model provides a women inhales urine drainage equipment with negative pressure, its characterized in that, includes base (1), stores up urine cup (2), bowl cover (3), urine absorption pad (4), drainage tube (5) and vacuum pump (6), vacuum pump (6) are located base (1), and bowl cover (3) closing cap is equipped with into urine coupling (7) and negative pressure pumping pipe joint (8) on bowl cover (3) on storing up the rim of a cup of urine cup (2), and the end of bleeding of vacuum pump (6) is connected with storing up urine cup (2) intercommunication through negative pressure pumping pipe joint (8) for the extraction stores up the interior air of urine cup (2) and makes its inside negative pressure that forms, drainage tube (5) one end is connected with the collection mouth intercommunication of urine absorption pad (4), and its other end is connected with storing up urine cup (2) intercommunication through going into urine coupling (7).
2. The negative pressure urine suction and drainage device for women according to claim 1, wherein the urine suction pad (4) comprises a rubber sleeve (41), a cloth sleeve (42) and a flow guide layer (43), the cloth sleeve (42) and the flow guide layer (43) are sequentially arranged in the rubber sleeve (41) from outside to inside in the radial direction, one end of the rubber sleeve (41) is provided with a nozzle (410), one side of the middle part in the radial direction is provided with an opening (411) to expose the cloth sleeve (42), and one end of the drainage tube (4) is guided by the nozzle (410) and penetrates through the flow guide layer (43) to the bottom of the rubber sleeve (41).
3. The negative pressure urine absorbing and draining device for women according to claim 2, wherein the cloth cover is made of non-woven fabric, the flow guiding layer (43) is made of terylene, and the rubber cover (41) is made of silica gel.
4. The negative pressure urine absorbing and draining device for women according to claim 1, wherein the body of the urine storage cup (2) is provided with graduations (20) in the longitudinal direction.
5. The negative pressure urine absorbing drainage device for women according to claim 1, wherein a patch (9) is attached to one end of the drainage tube (5) near the urine absorbing pad (4).
6. The negative pressure urine suction drainage device for women according to claim 5, wherein the patch (9) comprises a patch body (91) and a glue button (92), one side of the patch body (91) is used as a skin-friendly facing, the middle part of the other side is connected with the glue button (92), and the drainage tube (5) passes through the glue button (92) to be connected with the urine suction pad (4).
7. The negative pressure urine suction drainage device for women according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the patch (9) is made of silicone.
8. The negative pressure urine suction and drainage device for women according to claim 1, wherein a urine cup placing part (11) is provided at one side of the base (1), the urine cup (2) is placed on the urine cup placing part (11), and the suction end (61) of the vacuum pump (6) is placed at the top of the base and is connected with the negative pressure suction pipe joint (8) through a vacuum suction pipe (62).
9. The negative pressure urine absorbing and draining device for women according to claim 8, wherein the vacuum tube (62) is provided with a female socket sleeve (63) at one section, the negative pressure suction tube joint (8) is provided with a male socket sleeve at the end outside the cup cover (3), and the female socket sleeve (63) is in fit insertion connection with the male socket sleeve.
10. The negative pressure urine suction and drainage device for women as claimed in claim 1, wherein one end of the drainage tube (5) is provided with a female plug-in sleeve (50), one end of the urine inlet pipe joint (7) positioned outside the cup cover is provided with a male plug-in sleeve, and the female plug-in sleeve (50) is in fit plug-in connection with the male plug-in sleeve; one side of the bottom of the base (1) is provided with a power socket (100), and a power supply end (200) of the vacuum pump (6) is electrically connected with the power socket (100).
CN202010723570.9A 2020-07-24 2020-07-24 Negative pressure urine-absorbing drainage equipment for women Pending CN111729139A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202010723570.9A CN111729139A (en) 2020-07-24 2020-07-24 Negative pressure urine-absorbing drainage equipment for women

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202010723570.9A CN111729139A (en) 2020-07-24 2020-07-24 Negative pressure urine-absorbing drainage equipment for women

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN111729139A true CN111729139A (en) 2020-10-02

Family

ID=72657687

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN202010723570.9A Pending CN111729139A (en) 2020-07-24 2020-07-24 Negative pressure urine-absorbing drainage equipment for women

Country Status (1)

Country Link
CN (1) CN111729139A (en)

Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20030195484A1 (en) * 2002-02-26 2003-10-16 Harvie Mark R. Automatic bladder relief system
CN103432636A (en) * 2013-09-09 2013-12-11 夏和庆 Intubation-free negative pressure suction urethral catheterization device
CN203525044U (en) * 2013-09-09 2014-04-09 夏和庆 Vacuum aspiration urinary catheterization device free from intubation
CN205832237U (en) * 2016-04-21 2016-12-28 颜国飞 A kind of band vacuum helps the urine catcher of suction
CN206499572U (en) * 2016-11-25 2017-09-19 焦鸿生 A kind of noninvasive urine collecting device
WO2017210524A1 (en) * 2016-06-02 2017-12-07 Purewick Corporation Apparatus and methods for receiving discharged urine
US20190142624A1 (en) * 2014-03-19 2019-05-16 Purewick Corporation Apparatus and methods for receiving discharged urine
WO2019212950A1 (en) * 2018-05-01 2019-11-07 Purewick Corporation Fluid collection devices, related systems, and related methods
CN210583222U (en) * 2019-05-28 2020-05-22 汕头市中心医院 Simple urine negative pressure aspirator
CN212854206U (en) * 2020-07-24 2021-04-02 杭州博菲医疗器械有限公司 Negative pressure urine-absorbing drainage equipment for female

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20030195484A1 (en) * 2002-02-26 2003-10-16 Harvie Mark R. Automatic bladder relief system
CN103432636A (en) * 2013-09-09 2013-12-11 夏和庆 Intubation-free negative pressure suction urethral catheterization device
CN203525044U (en) * 2013-09-09 2014-04-09 夏和庆 Vacuum aspiration urinary catheterization device free from intubation
US20190142624A1 (en) * 2014-03-19 2019-05-16 Purewick Corporation Apparatus and methods for receiving discharged urine
CN205832237U (en) * 2016-04-21 2016-12-28 颜国飞 A kind of band vacuum helps the urine catcher of suction
WO2017210524A1 (en) * 2016-06-02 2017-12-07 Purewick Corporation Apparatus and methods for receiving discharged urine
CN206499572U (en) * 2016-11-25 2017-09-19 焦鸿生 A kind of noninvasive urine collecting device
WO2019212950A1 (en) * 2018-05-01 2019-11-07 Purewick Corporation Fluid collection devices, related systems, and related methods
CN210583222U (en) * 2019-05-28 2020-05-22 汕头市中心医院 Simple urine negative pressure aspirator
CN212854206U (en) * 2020-07-24 2021-04-02 杭州博菲医疗器械有限公司 Negative pressure urine-absorbing drainage equipment for female

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US20150359660A1 (en) Hydro-block air vent female external catheter and method of use
CN116615162A (en) Fluid collection device with reservoir between nozzle and barrier and related systems and methods
CN212854206U (en) Negative pressure urine-absorbing drainage equipment for female
CN204218937U (en) Neonate urine collector
CN205832237U (en) A kind of band vacuum helps the urine catcher of suction
CN111729139A (en) Negative pressure urine-absorbing drainage equipment for women
CN218943984U (en) Catheter
CN208710759U (en) A kind of antiseep bladder creating-fistula for urinating controllable
CN206896474U (en) A kind of special chamber pot device of women sickbed patients
CN205307197U (en) Urine collecting device
CN205729688U (en) Female urine receiver
CN211243997U (en) Practical female leak-proof urine receiving device
CN201304013Y (en) Leakproof male catheter
CN210785641U (en) A drainage device for nursing of severe medical science branch of academic or vocational study
CN208943222U (en) Loss prevention antiseepage type urethral catheterization device
CN209004385U (en) A kind of portable urine auto-pumping and automatic alarm combined unit of defecating
CN221180901U (en) Urethral catheterization device for puerpera nursing
CN112007223A (en) Sucker type closed drainage device
CN220655769U (en) Urine collection device for men and urine collection system for men
WO2013004131A1 (en) Breathable and liquid impermeable urine collection device, urine collection cavity and diaper
CN211535859U (en) Traditional chinese and western medicine combines urine aspirator for surgery
CN204542998U (en) Automatic chamber pot device
CN109864846A (en) A kind of portable urine auto-pumping and automatic alarm combined unit of defecating
CN216455566U (en) Medical urethral catheterization device
CN210445766U (en) Humidifying mask for trachea cannula patient

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PB01 Publication
PB01 Publication
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination