CN111726982A

CN111726982A - Method and apparatus for producing pressed shapes from renewable raw materials

Info

Publication number: CN111726982A
Application number: CN201980013395.XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 迪特玛·舒尔茨
Original assignee: Di TemaShuerci
Current assignee: Di TemaShuerci
Priority date: 2018-02-15
Filing date: 2019-02-14
Publication date: 2020-09-29
Also published as: DE102018103401B3; WO2019158632A1; EP3751981A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a method and a device for producing pressed forms, in particular building materials produced from renewable raw materials delivered in bales or bundles, using the following steps: the bale or bale is opened and fed into a press, the stock is compressed into a continuous strand of constant width, height and density, the continuous strand is wrapped with fabric, the fabric is stitched with circulating strands, and the continuous strand is cut into a workable form. The device component according to the invention comprises: a hopper (2) for filling a pressing apparatus (3) having a prepress (4) and a post-press (5), a roller table (6) with a packaging unit (7), a stitching unit (8) and a cutting device (9).

Description

Method and apparatus for producing pressed shapes from renewable raw materials

Technical Field

The invention relates to a method and a device for producing pressed forms of building materials from renewable raw materials supplied in bales or bales, and is particularly suitable for the ecological construction industry, wherein renewable raw materials (such as straw, reed, hay, hemp or animal hair, flax, if appropriate mixed) are used for producing building materials.

Background

Straw bales have been used globally in the construction industry for over a hundred years. Official approval differs from country to country/region. In germany, the construction of buildings from straw is subject to particularly strict regulations. When the straw comes from the adjacent farmland, particularly favorable conditions are always provided for the construction using the straw. However, the ecological transformations which are sought are only rarely feasible.

Straw is a waste product. For example, the amount of straw available annually in germany is sufficient to provide 300,000 houses constructed with this material. Straw is usually prepared in the form of bales, round bales or jumbo bales.

One particular problem with straw bales is their pressing properties and manner. There are different variants of straw presses, so that the end product of the pressing process is often difficult to compare. These end products are often too loose or too tight, too short or too long or wrong, tied, or difficult to compare.

Ideally: the straw comes directly from the adjacent field, without long haul lines, and has the same size and the same compression density. If the house is constructed from straw bales, the straw bales are typically from a great distance. These bales have rounded corners, whereby these gaps have to be blocked with loose straw.

According to the prior art, the wooden frame that takes over the static electricity is decomposed with straw bales used as insulating material and painted directly with clay and/or lime. Another known design variant is an original structure with straw bales that are staggered with respect to one another like bricks. A closed loop anchor (Ringanker aufgebaut) connects the whole of the so-called masonry.

The pre-pressing is performed to prevent re-settling of the straw afterwards. The roof is built on the ring-shaped anchor. The wall made of straw has a static function and also has the functions of insulation and gypsum base.

EP3130741a1 discloses an insulating panel made of renewable raw materials, having a structure of at least three layers, the middle layer consisting of straw or similar renewable raw materials, the upper and lower layers being made of flexible fiber fabric, the layers being sewn together.

DE 19810862 a1 also describes an insulating panel made of fibrous chopped straw.

DE 202008006895U 1 discloses a composite structure which is reinforced by mechanical techniques such as weaving or stitching.

Finally, DE 4333758a1 describes an insulation arrangement made of natural fibres which are glued, needled or stitched and flame-retardant.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention is therefore based on the description: a production method and apparatus for producing a building material from renewable raw materials are created, which are capable of efficiently producing a building material from renewable raw materials, avoiding long-distance transportation of raw materials, and producing an inexpensive ecological building material of the same compression density and reproducible size in accordance with the purpose of use.

This object is achieved by the features of claims 1 and 10. Corresponding embodiments of the invention are contained in the respective dependent claims.

A particular advantage of the present invention is that the construction material is produced simply and inexpensively from renewable raw materials delivered in bales or bales, by the following operating steps:

the bales or bundles are opened and fed to a press, where the raw material is pressed into a continuous strand of constant width, height and density, pre-pressing before and after or during wrapping with fabric.

The continuous strand is wrapped with a fabric,

the fabric is stitched with the endless strand,

the continuous strand is cut into a processable form.

Before the raw material is fed to the press, a corresponding comminution may be necessary.

Renewable raw materials, in particular straw and/or reed and/or hay and/or flax and/or hemp and/or animal hair and/or hair, the fabric being jute or other materials. Such as metal mesh or plastic, to prevent rodents.

In the pressing process and packaging of the continuous strand, various embodiments are possible.

For some applications, a single compression may be sufficient. However, according to the invention, the pressing process is a pre-pressing before wrapping with the fabric and a post-pressing after or during wrapping with the fabric.

It is another variation to feed the fabric during pre-pressing and to stitch the fabric during post-pressing.

Pressing and stitching may be done simultaneously.

There are also different possible approaches for the application of the fabric. The fabric can thus be placed on the endless strand and subsequently seamed, or the endless strand can be introduced into a fabric tube and subsequently pressed and seamed. It is conceivable that the introduction is similar to the production of sausages, wherein the starting material is introduced into a fabric tube, for example, having a circular cross section. The filled hose is then compacted and has a rectangular or square cross-section.

Another advantage of the present invention is that the renewable feedstock is wetted with clay or lime prior to pressing. Suitably the wetting is by spraying. After spraying, pre-drying is also useful. These measures increase the net weight of the wetted renewable raw materials and thus the holding capacity, so that these raw materials also act as heat accumulators. This results in a form of light clay with high insulating effect and its own moisture balance. These materials can then be directly dowel-connected (dubeln) and simply painted.

The apparatus according to the invention can be operated both as a mobile factory by a craftsman and by a repairman on the construction site. However, it is also possible for the dealer or manufacturer who produces the wall components to operate the device according to the invention stably, and the wall components can then also be prefabricated for transport. The manufacturing process and the cutting should be controlled using a PC.

The equipment parts according to the invention comprise a hopper for filling the pressing equipment, a prepress and a post-press, a roller table, a combining unit, a packing unit and a cutting equipment, the pressing being performed by prepressing in the prepress before wrapping with fabric and by recompressing in the post-press after or during wrapping with fabric.

It is advantageous to arrange the comminution apparatus in front of the hopper for filling.

The cutting device can be conveniently connected to a laser controller (programmed and PC controlled) to obtain very precise finished products of reproducible dimensions. The cutting devices are thus equipped with knives and/or saw blades and are designed to run synchronously.

During the production of the final product, the machine is either operated without interruption of the flow rate or the stitching is performed intermittently at certain stages. The mass production of the final product is made by cutting a predetermined length during operation or by pressing a length of, for example, 4 m. The bundle is then repackaged on another table and can be cut to the desired length without being affected by the remaining operations. The residue produced during the cutting process is returned to the hopper.

Drawings

The invention will be described in detail below on the basis of embodiments which are at least partly shown in the following figures.

Fig. 1 shows a principle schematic of the components of the device according to the invention.

Detailed Description

As can be seen from fig. 1, in the present exemplary embodiment, the apparatus according to the invention has a comminution apparatus 1 in which the processed renewable raw materials are comminuted and fed into a hopper 2. The loosely crushed material is transported from the hopper 2 to the pressing device 3. In the present exemplary embodiment, the pressing device 3 has a prepress 4 and a post-press 5. The material fed from the hopper 2 to the pressing device 3 is prepressed in a prepress 4 and then fed to a post-press 5 for post-pressing. The continuous strand produced by the press is provided with a fabric. The fabric may be fed, placed and seamed by a seaming unit 8 during pre-pressing and re-pressing. The continuous strand with the fabric, for example jute, is then transported further on a roller table 6 and subsequently to a cutting device 9 before being cut into the desired parts.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the pressed material comes out of the machine as a recycled strand (Endlosstrang). This allows the sample to be cut to centimeters.

The fabric may be placed on top or wrapped. In a preferred variant of embodiment, after pre-pressing and packing the fabric in the packing unit 7, a further light pressing is performed in the post-press 5, the repeated light pressing being combined with simultaneous sewing of the fabric on the widest surface.

According to the present exemplary embodiment, pressed material with dimensions of 20cm in height and 30cm in width or 10cm in height and 20cm in width is currently produced for stud frame factories. The size and the pressure density depend on the respective requirements.

However, the end product can also be realized in the form of a square sausage. Here, the jute fabric was transported in parallel to the pipe and both ends of the pipe were sewed. This forms a tubular casing into which the renewable raw materials are pressed like sausages. The tube is tapered to form a compression mold. This mode of production is comparable to the mode of sausage production in meat processing plants. The tubular capsule with the initially circular cross section of the starting material is converted into a rectangular or square cross section by extrusion. The tube pouch, which is rectangular or square in cross-section, is now cut into the desired size of the final product.

Another embodiment is a folding mat. Thin pads, for example 3cm, made of renewable raw materials, covered on both sides with jute. The mat is folded into two or three layers according to the width and finally sewn.

It is also possible to cover only one side of the mat with a cloth, cut it to length, then folded from side to three times the thickness, pressed together again and then sewn.

The mat is in a particular embodiment variant folded several times, for example 9cm high and 33cm wide.

No defects and no thermal bridges occur in the masonry, which means that the wall structure is uniform.

The construction material can be used in pet food compression type in pet store or similar to pellets that are burned to generate heat energy

The present invention is not limited to the embodiments shown herein. Rather, other embodiment variations may be implemented by changing the methods and features and operating steps without departing from the scope of the present invention.

List of reference numerals

1 crushing device

2 funnel (feed)

3 pressing device (mixing and pressing together)

4 prepress

5 rear press

6 roller way

7 packaging unit

8 stitching unit

9 cutting device (PC laser control cutting)

Claims

1. Method for producing a pressed type from renewable raw materials delivered in bales or bales, comprising the steps of:

the pack or bale is opened and fed into the press,

pressing the stock into a continuous strand of constant width, height and density, pre-pressing before and after or during fabric wrapping;

wrapping the continuous strand with a fabric,

the fabric is stitched with the endless strand,

cutting the continuous strand into a processable form.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the pressed form is a building material or a granulate for pet (small animal) feeding material or for combustion to produce heat energy.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the feedstock is comminuted prior to pressing.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the raw material is straw and/or reed and/or hay and/or flax and/or animal hair and/or hair and the fabric is jute or metal or plastic.

5. A method according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fabric has been fed in during pre-pressing.

6. A method according to any of the preceding claims, characterised in that the fabric is seamed with a pressed stock, and that the pressing and seaming are carried out simultaneously.

7. A method according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the raw material is moistened with clay or lime before pressing.

8. Method according to claim 7, characterized in that the wetting is performed by spraying and is pre-dried before pressing.

9. A method according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fabric is applied by placing the fabric on the continuous strand and subsequently sewing or by introducing the continuous strand into a fabric tube and subsequently pressing and sewing.

10. An apparatus for producing building materials from renewable raw materials, comprising: a hopper (2) for filling a pressing apparatus (3) having a prepress (4) and a post-press (5), a roller table (6) with a packing unit (7), a stitching unit (8) and a cutting device (9), the pressing process being prepressed in the prepress (4) before being packed with fabric and prepressed in the post-press (5) after or during being packed with fabric.

11. The apparatus according to claim 10, characterized in that the hopper (2) is frontally provided with a comminution device (1).

12. Device according to claim 10, characterized in that the cutting means (9) are connected to a laser controller.

13. The apparatus according to claim 10, characterized in that the cutting device (9) (PC controlled) is and has a knife and/or a saw blade and is designed to run synchronously.

14. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the apparatus is mobile or stationary if mass production is to be specified on site.