CN111726656B - Transcoding method, device, server and storage medium of live video - Google Patents
Transcoding method, device, server and storage medium of live video Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The embodiment of the invention discloses a transcoding method, a transcoding device, a server and a storage medium of a live video. Wherein, the method comprises the following steps: predicting a transcoding factor correction coefficient of a next picture group at each rate gear to be transcoded according to picture transcoding characteristics and actual transcoding rates of a current picture group in a live video when the current picture group is transcoded at each rate gear to be transcoded; and correcting the transcoding factor selected when the current picture group is transcoded at the rate gear to be transcoded by adopting the transcoding factor correction coefficient of the next picture group at each rate gear to be transcoded to obtain the transcoding factor of the next picture group at the rate gear to be transcoded. The technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the invention further reduces the fluctuation amplitude between the actual transcoding code rates of the current frame group and the next frame group during transcoding at each code rate gear to be transcoded on the basis of ensuring the stability of the live broadcast quality after the live video is transcoded, thereby realizing reasonable allocation of the code rates, avoiding unnecessary code rate waste and saving bandwidth resources.
Description
Technical Field
The embodiment of the invention relates to the field of video processing, in particular to a transcoding method, a transcoding device, a transcoding server and a transcoding storage medium for live video.
Background
In the transcoding field of live video, in order to ensure the playing stability of the live video, the transcoding code rate of the live video needs to be limited within a certain code rate range, so that the live video is only fluctuated within the code rate range during transcoding, and the problem of live packet loss caused by overlarge transcoding code rate fluctuation of the live video is avoided.
At present, a code control mode of a Constant Bit Rate (CBR) under multi-bit Rate adaptive transcoding is generally adopted in an existing live transcoding technology to transcode a live video, and at the moment, under the bit Rate constraint of the same CBR, the video playing quality of the live video under a complex picture scene is poorer than that under a simple picture scene, so that the problem that the live transcoding quality of the live video under the constraint of the CBR is not stable enough is caused, and good live quality experience cannot be provided for a user.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a transcoding method and device of a live video, a server and a storage medium, which can ensure the stability of the live video after transcoding and improve the rationality of transcoding code rate allocation.
In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a transcoding method for a live video, where the method includes:
predicting a transcoding factor correction coefficient of a next frame group at each rate gear to be transcoded according to the frame transcoding characteristics and the actual transcoding rate of a current frame group in the live video when transcoding at each rate gear to be transcoded;
and correcting the transcoding factor selected when the current frame group is transcoded at each rate gear to be transcoded by adopting the transcoding factor correction factor of the next frame group at each rate gear to be transcoded to obtain the transcoding factor of the next frame group at the rate gear to be transcoded.
In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a transcoding apparatus for live video, where the apparatus includes:
the correction coefficient prediction module is used for predicting a transcoding factor correction coefficient of the next picture group at each rate gear to be transcoded according to the picture transcoding characteristics and the actual transcoding rate when the current picture group in the live video is transcoded at each rate gear to be transcoded;
and the transcoding factor correction module is used for correcting the transcoding factor selected when the current picture group is transcoded at each rate gear to be transcoded by adopting the transcoding factor correction coefficient of the next picture group at each rate gear to be transcoded to obtain the transcoding factor of the next picture group at each rate gear to be transcoded.
In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a server, where the server includes:
one or more processors;
storage means for storing one or more programs;
when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to implement a method for transcoding live video as described in any embodiment of the present invention.
In a fourth aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, where the computer program, when executed by a processor, implements a transcoding method for live video according to any embodiment of the present invention.
The transcoding method, the device, the server and the storage medium of the live video provided by the embodiment of the invention can refer to the picture transcoding characteristics of the current picture group when transcoding at each code rate gear to be transcoded and analyze the transcoding characteristics of the next picture group at the gear to be transcoded so as to ensure the stability of the live video after transcoding, predict the transcoding factor correction transcoding coefficient of the next picture group at the gear to be transcoded at the moment by analyzing the picture transcoding characteristics of the current picture group when transcoding at each code rate gear to be transcoded and the difference degree between the actual transcoding code rate when transcoding the current picture group at each code rate gear to be transcoded and the gear to be transcoded, and use the transcoding factor correction coefficient to correct the transcoding factor selected when transcoding the current picture group at the gear to be transcoded, and obtaining the transcoding factor of the next frame group at the position of the rate to be transcoded, so that the current frame group and the next frame group can be transcoded by matching with a similar transcoding factor at each position of the rate to be transcoded, thereby further reducing the fluctuation range between the actual transcoding code rates of the current frame group and the next frame group during transcoding at each position of the rate to be transcoded on the basis of ensuring the stability of the live broadcast quality after the live broadcast video is transcoded, avoiding the problem of live broadcast packet loss when the transcoding code rate of the live broadcast video fluctuates too much, realizing reasonable allocation of the code rates, avoiding unnecessary code rate waste and saving bandwidth resources.
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Other features, objects and advantages of the invention will become more apparent upon reading of the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments thereof, made with reference to the following drawings:
fig. 1A is a flowchart of a transcoding method of a live video according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 1B is a schematic diagram of a transcoding process of a live video according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2A is a flowchart of a transcoding method of a live video according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2B is a schematic diagram of a live video transcoding process according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3A is a flowchart of a transcoding method of a live video according to a third embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3B is a schematic diagram of a transcoding process of a live video according to a third embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a transcoding device for live video according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a server according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples. It is to be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not limiting of the invention. It should be further noted that, for the convenience of description, only some of the structures related to the present invention are shown in the drawings, not all of the structures. In addition, the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present invention may be combined with each other without conflict.
Example one
Fig. 1A is a flowchart of a transcoding method for live video according to an embodiment of the present invention, where the embodiment is applicable to a case of performing multi-rate transcoding on any live video. The transcoding method of the live video provided by this embodiment may be executed by the transcoding device of the live video provided by the embodiment of the present invention, and the device may be implemented in a software and/or hardware manner, and is integrated in a server executing the method, and the server may be a background server for various live applications.
Specifically, referring to fig. 1A, the method may include the steps of:
s110, predicting a transcoding factor correction coefficient of the next picture group at each gear of the rate to be transcoded according to the picture transcoding characteristics and the actual transcoding code rate when the current picture group in the live video is transcoded at each gear of the rate to be transcoded.
Optionally, in order to avoid pause of live broadcast, when each viewer terminal in the live broadcast room pulls the live broadcast video uploaded by the anchor terminal from the server in real time, the live broadcast video at a bitrate matched with the current network bandwidth of the viewer terminal needs to be selected, and because the network bandwidth of each viewer terminal in the live broadcast process changes in real time, in order to avoid pause of playing the live broadcast video at each network bandwidth, the server performs multi-bitrate transcoding on the live broadcast source video according to preset multiple bitrate gears aiming at the live broadcast source video uploaded by any anchor terminal, so that the live broadcast video transcoded at a self-adaptive bitrate is issued to each viewer terminal in real time.
At this time, since a Group of Pictures (GOP) of the live video simultaneously includes an intra-coded frame (I-frame), a forward predicted frame (P-frame), and a bidirectional interpolated frame (B-frame), the second rate of the live video playing at the viewer end can be guaranteed, and when transcoding the live video, each Group of Pictures in the live video is usually taken as a unit, and each Group of Pictures is transcoded separately at different transcoding rate steps.
It should be noted that, the difference between the video contents of the adjacent groups of pictures in the live video is not great, and the picture transcoding feature in this embodiment may refer to a basic parameter contained in the live source video uploaded by the anchor terminal and capable of evaluating the objective coding quality of each group of pictures in the live source video after being coded at the corresponding rate gear, such as Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR), coding rate, and coding quantization parameters of the encoded video frames in each group of pictures of the live video, meanwhile, the picture transcoding is characterized in that in the transcoding process of each picture group in the live video at each code rate gear to be transcoded, a feature set used for representing the space-time complexity of the video pictures transcoded by the picture group is adopted, the rate gear to be transcoded is a plurality of transcoding rates which are preset for the live source video and can be matched with the network bandwidth which changes in real time; therefore, when the adjacent picture groups in the live video are transcoded at the same code rate to be transcoded, the picture transcoding characteristics between the current picture group and the next picture group are relatively similar.
Meanwhile, because the code rate gears are the size of the whole file of the live video in unit time, the live transcoding quality of the live video with different picture contents cannot be guaranteed, and therefore, in order to guarantee the stability of the live transcoding quality of different picture groups in the live video in each code rate gear to be transcoded, in this embodiment, a plurality of transcoding factors are usually preset in each code rate gear to be transcoded so as to cooperate with different transcoding factors to control the stability of the live transcoding quality of different picture groups in the same code rate gear to be transcoded. The transcoding Factor in this embodiment may be a plurality of Constant Rate Factors (CRFs) preset in each Rate level to be transcoded. Furthermore, because the image transcoding characteristics between the current image group and the next image group are relatively similar when adjacent image groups in the live video are transcoded at the same code rate gear to be transcoded, in order to ensure a stable value of the transcoding quality of the live video after the current image group and the next image group are transcoded at the same code rate gear to be transcoded, after the current image group is transcoded at each code rate gear to be transcoded, the image transcoding characteristics of the current image group when the current image group is transcoded at the code rate gear to be transcoded can be used as one of the consideration factors for transcoding the next image group at the code rate gear to be transcoded; meanwhile, transcoding factors selected when the current frame group and the next frame group are transcoded at the same code rate gear to be transcoded are relatively similar, and in consideration of slight difference of video contents between adjacent frame groups, the transcoding factor selected when the current frame group is actually transcoded at each code rate gear to be transcoded can be subsequently corrected to continuously determine the transcoding factor selected when the next frame group is transcoded at the code rate gear to be transcoded, and at the moment, the transcoding factor correction factor adopted when the transcoding factor matched with the current frame group at each code rate gear to be transcoded is required to be analyzed in advance.
Specifically, in order to avoid the problem of live broadcast packet loss caused by excessive fluctuation of the actual transcoding code rate adopted after each frame group is actually transcoded by matching with the corresponding transcoding factor in the same code rate gear to be transcoded, the present embodiment further needs to analyze the difference degree between the actual transcoding code rate of each frame group in the live broadcast video when being transcoded in each code rate gear to be transcoded and the gear of the rate to be transcoded, based on the stability requirement of the live transcoding quality of different frame groups in each code rate gear to be transcoded in the actual transcoding process of the current frame group in the live broadcast video, the present embodiment can analyze the approximate transcoding code rate indicated by the frame transcoding characteristic when the current frame group is transcoded in each code rate gear to be transcoded and the difference degree between the actual transcoding code rate adopted when the current frame group is actually transcoded in each code rate gear to be transcoded and the gear of the rate to be transcoded, and taking the predicted transcoding factor correction coefficient as a reference to predict the transcoding factor correction coefficient of the next image group in each code rate gear to be transcoded so as to correct the transcoding factor selected when the current image group is transcoded in the code rate gear to be transcoded, thereby realizing the adaptive transcoding of the next image group.
And S120, correcting the transcoding factor selected when the current frame group is transcoded in each rate gear to be transcoded by adopting the transcoding factor correction factor of the next frame group in each rate gear to be transcoded to obtain the transcoding factor of the next frame group in the rate gear to be transcoded.
Specifically, after a transcoding factor correction coefficient of a next frame group in a transcoding rate gear to be transcoded is predicted according to a frame transcoding characteristic and an actual transcoding code rate of the current frame group in the transcoding rate gear to be transcoded in each transcoding rate gear, in order to ensure stability of direct transcoding quality of adjacent frame groups in each transcoding rate gear, transcoding factors selected when the current frame group and the next frame group are transcoded in the same transcoding rate gear to be transcoded are required to be relatively similar, so that in the embodiment, a transcoding factor actually selected when the current frame group is transcoded in each transcoding rate gear to be transcoded is also determined, and then transcoding factor correction coefficients of the next frame group in the transcoding rate gear to be transcoded are respectively adopted to correct the transcoding factor selected when the current frame group is transcoded in the transcoding rate gear to be transcoded, and the corrected transcoding factor is used as the transcoding factor of the next frame group in the transcoding rate gear to be transcoded, when the next frame group is transcoded by adopting each code rate gear to be transcoded and the transcoding factor under the code rate gear to be transcoded, the stability of the live transcoding quality can be ensured, and the large fluctuation of the actual transcoding code rate of different frame groups during transcoding under the same code rate gear to be transcoded can be avoided, so that the rationality of transcoding code rate distribution is improved.
In addition, after obtaining the transcoding factor of the next group of pictures at the to-be-transcoded bitrate level, the method may further include: and transcoding the next picture group by adopting each code rate gear to be transcoded and the corresponding transcoding factor. Specifically, under each code rate gear to be transcoded, the next frame group is transcoded by adopting the code rate gear to be transcoded and the transcoding factor of the next frame group under the code rate gear to be transcoded respectively, so that multi-code-rate transcoding of the next frame group is realized, code rates are reasonably distributed, the subjective quality of each frame group under different code rate gears is ensured to be consistent, unnecessary code rate waste is avoided, and bandwidth resources are saved.
In the technical scheme provided by this embodiment, because the video contents in adjacent groups of frames in the live video are not very different, the transcoding characteristics of the next group of frames in the to-be-transcoded rate range can be predicted by referring to the transcoding characteristics of the current group of frames when transcoding in each to-be-transcoded rate range, so as to ensure the stability of the live video quality after transcoding, at this time, the transcoding factor correction coefficient of the next group of frames in the to-be-transcoded rate range can be predicted by analyzing the transcoding characteristics of the current group of frames when transcoding in each to-be-transcoded rate range, and the difference between the actual transcoding rate when the current group of frames is transcoded in each to-be-transcoded rate range and the to-be-transcoded rate range, and the transcoding factor selected when the current group of frames is transcoded in the to-be-transcoded rate range is corrected by using the transcoding factor correction coefficient, so as to obtain the transcoding factor of the next group of frames in the to-be-transcoded rate range, the current frame group and the next frame group can be matched with similar transcoding factors for transcoding at each code rate gear to be converted, so that on the basis of ensuring the stability of the direct broadcasting quality after the transcoding of the live video, the fluctuation range between the actual transcoding code rates of the current frame group and the next frame group during the transcoding at each code rate gear to be converted is further reduced, the problem of live broadcasting packet loss when the transcoding code rate of the live video fluctuates too much is avoided, the reasonable allocation of the code rates is realized, the waste of unnecessary code rates is avoided, and the bandwidth resources are saved.
Example two
Fig. 2A is a flowchart of a transcoding method of a live video provided in a second embodiment of the present invention, and fig. 2B is a schematic diagram of a principle of a transcoding process of a live video provided in the second embodiment of the present invention. The present embodiment is optimized based on the above embodiments, and the present embodiment mainly explains a specific prediction process of a transcoding factor correction coefficient and a specific correction process of a transcoding factor of a next group of pictures in different to-be-transcoded rate steps in detail.
Optionally, as shown in fig. 2A, this embodiment may include the following steps:
s210, aiming at each code rate gear to be transcoded, fusing the image transcoding characteristics of the current image group when being transcoded in the code rate gear to be transcoded, the code rate gear to be transcoded and the actual transcoding code rate to obtain the comprehensive transcoding characteristics of the current image group in the code rate gear to be transcoded.
Optionally, in this embodiment, since each piece of transcoding information of the current frame group in the actual transcoding process in each to-be-transcoded rate gear is analyzed by pre-training a corresponding neural network model to predict a transcoding factor correction coefficient of the next frame group in each to-be-transcoded rate gear, first, an actual transcoding characteristic of the current frame group in each to-be-transcoded rate gear needs to be obtained, at this time, for each to-be-transcoded rate gear, in the actual transcoding process of the current frame group in each to-be-transcoded rate gear, the present embodiment may analyze, through an actual transcoding parameter of the current frame group, a frame transcoding characteristic of the current frame group in the to-be-transcoded rate gear, a constant rate value of the to-be-transcoded rate gear and an actual transcoding rate adopted by the current frame group in the to-be-transcoded rate gear, and perform transcoding, on a frame characteristic, a transcoding rate, and a transcoding rate of the current frame group in the to-be-transcoded rate gear, Performing feature fusion on the gear of the rate to be transcoded and the actual transcoding code rate to generate comprehensive transcoding features of the current frame group under the gear of the rate to be transcoded; at this time, after the current frame group is actually transcoded at each code rate gear to be transcoded, the comprehensive transcoding characteristic of the current frame group at each code rate gear to be transcoded can be generated according to the steps.
For example, as shown in fig. 2B, in order to ensure the prediction accuracy of the neural network model, in this embodiment, it is required that the comprehensive transcoding characteristics of the current frame group at different to-be-transcoded gears can include characteristics under multiple dimensions, so as to perform fusion analysis on a large number of dimensional characteristics in the following; therefore, the present embodiment may perform a quadruple cross multiplication operation on the picture transcoding characteristics of the current picture group when transcoding in each to-be-transcoded rate gear, the to-be-transcoded rate gear, and the actual transcoding rate in sequence, and merge the picture transcoding characteristics of the current picture group when transcoding in the to-be-transcoded rate gear, and the actual transcoding rate, so that the feature dimension of the merged comprehensive transcoding characteristics is further enlarged as compared with the feature dimension directly merged, thereby obtaining the comprehensive transcoding characteristics of the current picture group after dimension expansion and merging in the to-be-transcoded rate gear, where at this time, the comprehensive transcoding characteristics after dimension expansion and merging include a large amount of feature information under different dimensions.
S220, transcoding prediction is carried out on the comprehensive transcoding characteristics of the current picture group in each code rate gear to be transcoded through a pre-constructed transcoding prediction model, and a transcoding factor correction coefficient of the next picture group in each code rate gear to be transcoded is determined.
Optionally, in this embodiment, a large number of live videos are selected as training samples in advance, transcoding factor correction coefficient labels of different frame groups in each training sample at different to-be-transcoded rate gears are set, and then the transcoding prediction model in this embodiment is trained until the transcoding prediction model can accurately determine the transcoding factor correction coefficient of the next frame group at each to-be-transcoded rate gear according to actual transcoding information of the current frame group at each to-be-transcoded rate gear in any live video; at this time, after determining the comprehensive transcoding characteristics of the current frame group in each to-be-transcoded bit rate position in the live video, as shown in fig. 2B, the comprehensive transcoding characteristics of the current frame group in each to-be-transcoded bit rate position may be sequentially input into a pre-constructed transcoding prediction model, and transcoding correction judgment of the next frame group is performed on the comprehensive transcoding characteristics of the current frame group in each to-be-transcoded bit rate position through the transcoding prediction model, so as to determine a transcoding factor correction coefficient of the next frame group in each to-be-transcoded bit rate position.
In addition, when the transcoding prediction model in this embodiment is trained, a large number of live video samples are selected, a difference value between actual transcoding code rates of adjacent picture groups in each live video sample in different to-be-transcoded rate steps is determined, the difference value is used as a sample label of a corresponding picture group representing a transcoding factor correction coefficient in the to-be-transcoded rate step, for each picture group in each training sample, a picture transcoding characteristic of the picture group during transcoding in each to-be-transcoded rate step, the to-be-transcoded rate step and the actual transcoding code rate are subjected to a four-order cross product operation to obtain a comprehensive transcoding characteristic after dimension expansion and fusion, further, the comprehensive transcoding characteristic of each picture group in the large number of live video samples after dimension expansion and fusion is used as a training sample set in the corresponding live video sample, and the training sample set is subjected to predictive training through an initially set transcoding prediction model, and then continuously updating the network parameters in the transcoding prediction model until the training is completed.
It should be noted that, in order to reduce the extra amount of computation in the transcoding prediction model, the transcoding prediction model in this embodiment may be formed by two or more layers of transcoding prediction submodels; for example, a three-layer small neural network is adopted for implementation, the first layer can be a fully-connected layer, the second layer and the third layer are respectively in series connection of batch standardization and full connection, and finally, a transcoding factor correction coefficient finally adopted by the next picture group in each code rate gear to be transcoded is output through a logistic regression layer.
And S230, respectively setting corresponding transcoding code rate fluctuation intervals under each code rate gear to be transcoded.
Optionally, in order to avoid that the actual transcoding code rate of different frame groups in the live video is too large in fluctuation when the different frame groups are transcoded in the same code rate to be transcoded, in this embodiment, the probability that the live video is transcoded and lost by the transcoding code rate to be transcoded in different code rate fluctuation degrees of each code rate to be transcoded is analyzed, and further, when transcoding is performed by using a specific transcoding code rate value in the transcoding code rate fluctuation interval corresponding to the code rate to be transcoded in each code rate to be transcoded in different frame groups in each code rate to be transcoded, the phenomenon of transcoding and packet loss does not occur, that is, in this embodiment, the actual transcoding code rate of different frame groups during transcoding in each code rate to be transcoded can fluctuate in the transcoding code rate fluctuation interval corresponding to the code rate to be transcoded in this embodiment.
It should be noted that in this embodiment, S230 only needs to be executed before S240, and the execution sequence between S230 and S220 and S210 is not limited.
S240, correcting the transcoding factor selected when the current frame group is transcoded at the rate gear to be transcoded by adopting the transcoding factor correction factor of the next frame group at each rate gear to be transcoded and the transcoding rate fluctuation interval at the rate gear to be transcoded.
Optionally, when the transcoding factor correction factor of the next frame group in each gear of the rate to be transcoded is used to correct the transcoding factor selected by the current frame group in the gear of the rate to be transcoded, whether the transcoding factor corrected in each gear of the rate to be transcoded and the transcoding code rate matched with the gear of the rate to be transcoded are in the transcoding code rate fluctuation interval in the gear of the rate to be transcoded can be judged, if the transcoding code rate fluctuation interval in the gear of the rate to be transcoded is exceeded, the specific code rate excess value is used to continue to transcode the selected transcoding factor of the current frame group in the gear of the rate to be transcoded until the transcoding factor corrected in each gear of the rate to be transcoded and the transcoding code rate matched with the gear of the rate to be transcoded are in the transcoding code rate fluctuation interval in the gear of the rate to be transcoded, and then the finally corrected transcoding factor is used as the transcoding factor of the next frame group in the gear of the rate to be transcoded, the actual transcoding code rate of the next picture group is enabled not to fluctuate greatly when the next picture group is transcoded at the rate to be transcoded, and therefore rationality of code rate distribution is achieved.
The technical solution provided by this embodiment is to fuse the transcoding characteristics of the current frame set at each gear of the to-be-transcoded rate, the gear of the to-be-transcoded rate and the actual transcoding rate to obtain the comprehensive transcoding characteristics of the current frame set at each gear of the to-be-transcoded rate, and perform transcoding prediction on the comprehensive transcoding characteristics of the current frame set at each gear of the to-be-transcoded rate through a pre-established transcoding prediction model, to determine the transcoding factor correction factor of the next frame set at each gear of the to-be-transcoded rate, and subsequently, jointly correct the transcoding factor selected when the current frame set is transcoded at the gear of the to-be-transcoded rate by using the transcoding factor correction factor at each gear of the to-be-transcoded rate and the transcoding rate fluctuation interval of the to-be-transcoded rate, to serve as the transcoding factor of the next frame set at the gear of the to-be-transcoded rate, so as to ensure the adaptation accuracy of the transcoding factors selected by different frame sets at each gear of the to-be-transcoded rate, therefore, the reasonable distribution of the transcoding code rate is realized, the problem of live broadcast packet loss when the transcoding code rate fluctuation of live broadcast video is too large is further avoided on the basis of ensuring the stability of the live broadcast transcoding quality of different picture groups at each gear of the to-be-transcoded code rate, and the bandwidth resource is saved due to the waste of unnecessary code rate.
EXAMPLE III
Fig. 3A is a flowchart of a transcoding method of a live video provided by a third embodiment of the present invention, and fig. 3B is a schematic diagram of a principle of a transcoding process of a live video provided by the third embodiment of the present invention. The present embodiment is optimized based on the above embodiments, and the present embodiment mainly explains a specific transcoding process of a current group of pictures in a live video in detail.
Optionally, as shown in fig. 3A, this embodiment may include the following steps:
s310, judging whether a current frame group in the live video is a first frame group, if so, executing S320; if not, go to S330.
Optionally, in this embodiment, the actual transcoding information of the current frame group in the live video at each gear of the code rate to be transcoded needs to be used to predict the transcoding factor correction factor of the next frame group at the gear of the code rate to be transcoded, so as to correct the transcoding factor selected when the current frame group is transcoded at the gear of the code rate to be transcoded by using the transcoding factor correction factor, thereby determining the transcoding factor of the next frame group at the gear of the code rate to be transcoded, at this time, the first frame group in the live video does not have the previous frame group, that is, the predicted transcoding factor does not exist, so that it is necessary to perform different transcoding operations on the first frame group and other non-first frame groups in the live video, at this time, before transcoding the current frame group in the live video at each gear of the code rate to be transcoded, it needs to first determine whether the current frame group is the first frame group in the live video or not, so that different transcoding operations are subsequently employed.
S320, transcoding the current image group by adopting a preset constant code rate at each code rate gear to be transcoded, and predicting a transcoding factor of the current image group at each code rate gear to be transcoded according to the actual transcoding difference of the current image group at each code rate gear to be transcoded.
Optionally, if the current frame group is the first frame group in the live video, in order to avoid the phenomenon of excessive fluctuation of the actual transcoding code Rate of each to-be-transcoded Rate gear with the subsequent frame group, in this embodiment, a Constant Bitrate (CBR) encoder may be directly set, as shown in fig. 3B, to use the CBR encoder to transcode the current frame group by using the corresponding preset Constant Bitrate in each to-be-transcoded Rate gear, at this time, since a certain transcoding error exists between the actual transcoding and the preset Constant transcoding, this embodiment may further determine, by analyzing the actual transcoding difference of the current frame group in each to-be-transcoded Rate gear, a transcoding difference value of the current frame group, which has the same function as the transcoding factor in the actual transcoding process, as the transcoding factor of the current frame group in the to-be-transcoded Rate gear, so as to correct the next frame group to obtain the transcoding factor of the next frame group in the gear of the rate to be transcoded.
And S330, transcoding the current picture group by adopting the rate gear to be transcoded and the corresponding transcoding factor under each rate gear to be transcoded.
Optionally, if the current frame group is a non-first frame group in the live Video, it is described that a corresponding transcoding factor exists in an actual transcoding process of a previous frame group of the current frame group at each rate-to-be-transcoded position, and meanwhile, a transcoding factor correction coefficient of the current frame group at each rate-to-be-transcoded position can be predicted according to an actual transcoding condition of the previous frame group at each rate-to-be-transcoded position, so as to determine a transcoding factor of the current frame group at each rate-to-be-transcoded position, therefore, when the current frame group is transcoded at each rate-to-be-transcoded position, the current frame group can be directly transcoded by using a constant rate value at each rate-to-be-transcoded position and a corresponding transcoding factor at the rate-to-be-transcoded position, for example, the current frame group is transcoded at each rate-to-be-transcoded by using a preset encoder jointly combined by a CBR and a Video Buffer Verifier (VBV), so as to continuously predict the correction coefficient of the transcoding factor of the next frame group at each code rate to be transcoded.
S340, in the actual transcoding process of the current image group in each code rate gear to be transcoded, extracting image transcoding characteristics, an actual transcoding code rate and selected transcoding factors of the current image group in the transcoding rate gear to be transcoded.
Optionally, in order to improve the prediction convenience of the transcoding factor correction coefficient of the next frame group in each to-be-transcoded rate gear, in the actual transcoding process of the current frame group in each to-be-transcoded rate gear, according to the actual transcoding condition in each to-be-transcoded rate gear, the frame transcoding characteristics, the actual transcoding rate, and the selected transcoding factor of the current frame group during transcoding in the to-be-transcoded rate gear need to be extracted respectively, so as to determine the transcoding factor of the next frame group in the to-be-transcoded rate gear in time.
And S350, predicting a transcoding factor correction coefficient of the next frame group at each rate to be transcoded according to the frame transcoding characteristics and the actual transcoding code rate of the current frame group in the live video when transcoding at each rate to be transcoded.
S360, correcting the transcoding factor selected when the current frame group is transcoded in the rate gear to be transcoded by adopting the transcoding factor correction coefficient of the next frame group in each rate gear to be transcoded to obtain the transcoding factor of the next frame group in the rate gear to be transcoded.
And S370, transcoding the next picture group by adopting each code rate gear to be transcoded and the corresponding transcoding factor.
In the technical solution provided in this embodiment, since the video contents in adjacent groups of frames in the live video have little difference, the transcoding characteristics of the current group of frames when transcoding is performed at each rate level to be transcoded can be referred to, and the transcoding characteristics of the next group of frames at the rate level to be transcoded can be analyzed, so as to ensure the stability of the live video quality after transcoding, at this time, the transcoding factor correction coefficient of the next group of frames at the rate level to be transcoded can be predicted by analyzing the transcoding characteristics of the current group of frames when transcoding is performed at each rate level to be transcoded and the difference between the actual transcoding rate when the current group of frames is transcoded at each rate level to be transcoded and the rate level to be transcoded, and the transcoding factor selected when the current group of frames is transcoded at the rate level to be transcoded can be corrected by using the transcoding factor correction coefficient, so as to obtain the transcoding factor of the next group of frames at the rate level to be transcoded, the current frame group and the next frame group can be matched with similar transcoding factors for transcoding at each code rate gear to be converted, so that on the basis of ensuring the stability of the direct broadcasting quality after the transcoding of the live video, the fluctuation range between the actual transcoding code rates of the current frame group and the next frame group during the transcoding at each code rate gear to be converted is further reduced, the problem of live broadcasting packet loss when the transcoding code rate of the live video fluctuates too much is avoided, the reasonable allocation of the code rates is realized, the waste of unnecessary code rates is avoided, and the bandwidth resources are saved.
Example four
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a transcoding device for live video according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention, specifically, as shown in fig. 4, the device may include:
the correction factor prediction module 410 is configured to predict a transcoding factor correction factor of a next frame group at each to-be-transcoded rate level according to a frame transcoding characteristic and an actual transcoding rate when a current frame group in a live video is transcoded at each to-be-transcoded rate level;
and the transcoding factor correcting module 420 is configured to correct the transcoding factor selected when the current frame group is transcoded in each to-be-transcoded rate gear by using the transcoding factor correction factor of the next frame group in each to-be-transcoded rate gear, so as to obtain the transcoding factor of the next frame group in each to-be-transcoded rate gear.
In the technical scheme provided by this embodiment, because the video contents in adjacent groups of frames in the live video are not very different, the transcoding characteristics of the next group of frames in the to-be-transcoded rate range can be analyzed with reference to the transcoding characteristics of the current group of frames when transcoding in each to-be-transcoded rate range, so as to ensure the stability of the live video quality after transcoding, at this time, the transcoding factor correction coefficient of the next group of frames in the to-be-transcoded rate range can be predicted by analyzing the transcoding characteristics of the current group of frames when transcoding in each to-be-transcoded rate range, and the difference between the actual transcoding rate when the current group of frames is transcoded in each to-be-transcoded rate range and the to-be-transcoded rate range, and the transcoding factor selected when the current group of frames is transcoded in the to-be-transcoded rate range is corrected by using the transcoding factor correction coefficient, so as to obtain the transcoding factor of the next group of frames in the to-be-transcoded rate range, the current frame group and the next frame group can be matched with similar transcoding factors to transcode under each code rate gear to be transcoded, so that on the basis of ensuring the stability of the live broadcast quality after the live broadcast video is transcoded, the fluctuation range between the actual transcoding code rates of the current frame group and the next frame group during transcoding under each code rate gear to be transcoded is further reduced, the problem that the live broadcast video loses packets when the transcoding code rate fluctuates too much is avoided, the reasonable allocation of the code rates is realized, the unnecessary code rate waste is avoided, and the bandwidth resources are saved.
The transcoding device of the live video provided by the embodiment can be applied to the transcoding method of the live video provided by any embodiment, and has corresponding functions and beneficial effects.
EXAMPLE five
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a server according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 5, the server includes a processor 50, a storage device 51, and a communication device 52; the number of the processors 50 in the server may be one or more, and one processor 50 is taken as an example in fig. 5; the processor 50, the storage device 51 and the communication device 52 in the server may be connected by a bus or other means, and the bus connection is taken as an example in fig. 5.
The server provided by the embodiment can be used for executing the transcoding method of the live video provided by any embodiment, and has corresponding functions and beneficial effects.
EXAMPLE six
An embodiment of the present invention further provides a computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, where the computer program, when executed by a processor, can implement the transcoding method for live video in any of the above embodiments. The method specifically comprises the following steps:
predicting a transcoding factor correction coefficient of a next picture group at each rate gear to be transcoded according to picture transcoding characteristics and actual transcoding rates of a current picture group in a live video when the current picture group is transcoded at each rate gear to be transcoded;
and correcting the transcoding factor selected when the current frame group is transcoded at each rate gear to be transcoded by adopting the transcoding factor correction factor of the next frame group at each rate gear to be transcoded to obtain the transcoding factor of the next frame group at the rate gear to be transcoded.
Of course, the storage medium provided by the embodiment of the present invention contains computer-executable instructions, and the computer-executable instructions are not limited to the method operations described above, and may also perform related operations in the transcoding method of live video provided by any embodiment of the present invention.
From the above description of the embodiments, it is obvious for those skilled in the art that the present invention can be implemented by software and necessary general hardware, and certainly, can also be implemented by hardware, but the former is a better embodiment in many cases. Based on such understanding, the technical solutions of the present invention or portions thereof contributing to the prior art may be embodied in the form of a software product, which can be stored in a computer readable storage medium, such as a floppy disk, a Read-Only Memory (ROM), a Random Access Memory (RAM), a FLASH Memory (FLASH), a hard disk or an optical disk of a computer, and includes several instructions for enabling a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device) to execute the methods according to the embodiments of the present invention.
It should be noted that, in the embodiment of the transcoding device for live video, the units and modules included in the embodiment are only divided according to functional logic, but are not limited to the above division, as long as the corresponding functions can be implemented; in addition, the specific names of the functional units are only for the convenience of distinguishing from each other, and are not used for limiting the protection scope of the present invention.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A transcoding method of live video, comprising:
predicting a transcoding factor correction coefficient of a next picture group at each rate gear to be transcoded according to picture transcoding characteristics and actual transcoding rates of a current picture group in a live video when the current picture group is transcoded at each rate gear to be transcoded;
predicting a transcoding factor correction coefficient of a next frame group in a to-be-transcoded rate gear according to a frame transcoding characteristic and an actual transcoding code rate of a current frame group in a live video during transcoding in each to-be-transcoded rate gear, wherein the method comprises the steps of predicting a transcoding factor correction coefficient of the next frame group in the to-be-transcoded rate gear according to the frame transcoding characteristic and the actual transcoding code rate of the current frame group in the live video during transcoding in each to-be-transcoded rate gear and the difference degree between the actual transcoding code rate and the to-be-transcoded rate gear;
and correcting the transcoding factor selected when the current frame group is transcoded at each rate gear to be transcoded by adopting the transcoding factor correction factor of the next frame group at each rate gear to be transcoded to obtain the transcoding factor of the next frame group at the rate gear to be transcoded.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the predicting the transcoding factor correction coefficient of the next group of pictures at each to-be-transcoded bit rate according to the picture transcoding characteristics and the actual transcoding bit rate when the current group of pictures in the live video is transcoded at each to-be-transcoded bit rate includes:
for each code rate gear to be transcoded, fusing the image transcoding characteristics of the current image group when transcoding is carried out at the code rate gear to be transcoded, the code rate gear to be transcoded and the actual transcoding code rate to obtain the comprehensive transcoding characteristics of the current image group at the code rate gear to be transcoded;
and respectively carrying out transcoding prediction on the comprehensive transcoding characteristics of the current picture group in each code rate gear to be transcoded through a pre-constructed transcoding prediction model, and determining a transcoding factor correction coefficient of the next picture group in each code rate gear to be transcoded.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the transcoding prediction model is comprised of two or more layers of transcoding prediction submodels.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein before predicting the transcoding factor correction factor of the next group of pictures at each transcoding bitrate slot to be transcoded according to the transcoding characteristics of the pictures when the current group of pictures in the live video is transcoded at each transcoding bitrate slot to be transcoded and the actual transcoding bitrate, the method further comprises:
and in the actual transcoding process of the current picture group at each code rate gear to be transcoded, extracting the picture transcoding characteristics, the actual transcoding code rate and the selected transcoding factor of the current picture group at the transcoding time at the code rate gear to be transcoded.
5. The method of claim 1, further comprising, before predicting a transcoding factor correction factor for a next group of pictures in each to-be-transcoded bitrate range according to a picture transcoding characteristic and an actual transcoding bitrate of a current group of pictures in the live video when transcoding in the to-be-transcoded bitrate range, the method comprising:
if the current frame group is the first frame group in the live video, transcoding the current frame group by adopting a preset constant code rate at each code rate gear to be transcoded, and predicting a transcoding factor of the current frame group at each code rate gear to be transcoded according to an actual transcoding difference of the current frame group at each code rate gear to be transcoded;
and if the current frame group is a non-first frame group in the live video, transcoding the current frame group by adopting the rate gear to be transcoded and the corresponding transcoding factor under each rate gear to be transcoded.
6. The method of any one of claims 1-5, further comprising:
respectively setting corresponding transcoding code rate fluctuation intervals under each to-be-transcoded code rate gear;
correspondingly, the modifying the transcoding factor selected when the current frame group is transcoded at each rate gear to be transcoded at the rate gear to be transcoded by using the transcoding factor modification coefficient of the next frame group at each rate gear to be transcoded comprises:
and correcting the transcoding factor selected when the current frame group is transcoded at the rate gear to be transcoded by adopting the transcoding factor correction coefficient of the next frame group at each rate gear to be transcoded and the transcoding rate fluctuation interval at the rate gear to be transcoded.
7. The method according to any of claims 1-5, further comprising, after obtaining the transcoding factor for the next group of pictures at the transcoding level, the step of:
and transcoding the next picture group by adopting each code rate gear to be transcoded and the corresponding transcoding factor.
8. A transcoding device for live video, comprising:
the correction coefficient prediction module is used for predicting a transcoding factor correction coefficient of the next picture group at each rate gear to be transcoded according to the picture transcoding characteristics and the actual transcoding rate when the current picture group in the live video is transcoded at each rate gear to be transcoded;
the correction factor prediction module is specifically used for predicting a transcoding factor correction factor of a next picture group in each gear of a rate to be transcoded according to picture transcoding characteristics and an actual transcoding code rate when the current picture group in a live video is transcoded in each gear of the rate to be transcoded and the difference degree between the actual transcoding code rate and the gear of the rate to be transcoded;
and the transcoding factor correction module is used for correcting the transcoding factor selected when the current picture group is transcoded at each rate gear to be transcoded by adopting the transcoding factor correction coefficient of the next picture group at each rate gear to be transcoded to obtain the transcoding factor of the next picture group at each rate gear to be transcoded.
9. A server, characterized in that the server comprises:
one or more processors;
storage means for storing one or more programs;
when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to implement a method of transcoding live video as claimed in any of claims 1-7.
10. A computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, which, when being executed by a processor, carries out a method of transcoding live video according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
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