CN111726075B - Intelligent photovoltaic module and photovoltaic power generation system - Google Patents
Intelligent photovoltaic module and photovoltaic power generation system Download PDFInfo
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- CN111726075B CN111726075B CN201910213284.5A CN201910213284A CN111726075B CN 111726075 B CN111726075 B CN 111726075B CN 201910213284 A CN201910213284 A CN 201910213284A CN 111726075 B CN111726075 B CN 111726075B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
- H02S40/30—Electrical components
- H02S40/36—Electrical components characterised by special electrical interconnection means between two or more PV modules, e.g. electrical module-to-module connection
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S50/00—Monitoring or testing of PV systems, e.g. load balancing or fault identification
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
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Abstract
According to the intelligent photovoltaic module and the photovoltaic power generation system, the parameters of the intelligent photovoltaic module are detected through the detection control unit, and when the parameters meet the preset switching conditions, the on-off of each switch in the switch unit is controlled, the connection relation between each battery sub-string in the battery unit is changed, and then the power optimizer is replaced to realize the adjustment of the voltage of the power optimizer; the problem of high cost caused by adopting a power optimizer is solved while the maximum serial number of the components of the string is increased.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of power electronics, in particular to an intelligent photovoltaic module and a photovoltaic power generation system.
Background
As photovoltaic power generation in new energy industries, it is a trend to reduce costs and improve efficiency to realize flat-price internet surfing. The method comprises the following steps of (1) increasing the maximum serial number of components of a system string, wherein the method is a common mode; for example, for a conventional 1000V system voltage component, the open circuit voltage Voc of the component is calculated according to the historical lowest air temperature of the installation site, and then the maximum component series number N of the system string is obtained by dividing 1000V by the open circuit voltage Voc; in order to increase the serial number of the assemblies, the voltage grade of a system can be increased from 1000V to 1500V by increasing the insulation voltage-resistant grade of the assemblies, and further, the serial number of the maximum assemblies can be increased by 50% under the same condition, so that the system cost is obviously reduced.
However, due to the requirements of the packaging material, the insulation and voltage rating of the junction box and the cable, the level of difficulty in attempting to further increase the voltage of the component system is high, and the investment cost may be greater than the profit. On the basis, in the prior art, a power optimizer is generally adopted to regulate the voltage of the components under 1500V system voltage, so that the maximum component series quantity of the string is further increased; however, the cost of the power optimizer is too high and the general applicability is low.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an intelligent photovoltaic module and a photovoltaic power generation system, and aims to solve the problem of high cost caused by the adoption of a power optimizer in the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme provided by the application is as follows:
one aspect of the present invention provides an intelligent photovoltaic module, comprising: the device comprises a detection control unit, a switch unit, a power supply module and a battery unit; wherein:
the battery units comprise at least two battery substrings, and each battery substring comprises at least one minimum battery unit;
the switch unit includes a plurality of switches;
the detection control unit is used for detecting parameters of the intelligent photovoltaic assembly, controlling the on-off of each switch in the switch unit when the parameters meet preset switching conditions, and changing the connection relation between each battery sub-string in the battery unit so as to adjust the voltage of the intelligent photovoltaic assembly;
the power module is used for supplying power to the detection control unit.
Preferably, the parameters are: any one of current, voltage, temperature and irradiance;
the preset switching conditions include: a voltage limiting condition and a recovery condition;
the voltage limiting condition is a condition representing that an inverter connected with the intelligent photovoltaic module is in an open circuit state;
the recovery condition is a condition representing that an inverter connected with the intelligent photovoltaic module is in a normal working state.
Preferably, the parameter is voltage;
the voltage limiting condition is that the voltage is greater than a voltage limiting threshold;
the recovery condition is that the voltage is less than a recovery threshold.
Preferably, the detection control unit is configured to control on/off of each switch in the switch unit when the parameter meets a preset switching condition, and change a connection relationship between each battery sub-string in the battery unit to adjust the voltage of the intelligent photovoltaic module, and specifically configured to:
when the parameters meet the voltage limiting conditions, controlling the on-off of each switch in the switch unit to enable at least partial battery substrings in the battery unit to be in a parallel connection relationship or at least one battery substring to be short-circuited so as to reduce the voltage of the intelligent photovoltaic module;
and when the parameters meet the recovery conditions, controlling the on-off of each switch in the switch unit to enable all battery substrings in the battery unit to be in a serial connection relationship in sequence so as to improve the voltage of the intelligent photovoltaic module.
Preferably, at least some of the battery substrings in the battery unit are in parallel connection, and the parallel connection comprises:
all the battery substrings in the battery unit are in equal parallel connection; alternatively, the first and second electrodes may be,
all the battery substrings in the battery unit are in an unequal parallel connection relationship.
Preferably, the battery cell includes: a first battery sub-string and a second battery sub-string;
the switching unit includes: a first switch, a second switch and a third switch;
the first switch is connected between the positive pole of the first battery sub-string and the negative pole of the second battery sub-string;
one end of the second switch is connected with the negative electrode of the first battery sub-string and the negative electrode of the battery unit, and the other end of the second switch is connected with the negative electrode of the second battery sub-string;
one end of the third switch is connected with the positive electrode of the first battery sub-string, and the other end of the third switch is connected with the positive electrode of the second battery sub-string and the positive electrode of the battery unit.
Preferably, the battery cell includes: a first battery sub-string, a second battery sub-string, and a third battery sub-string;
the switching unit includes: a first switch, a second switch and a third switch;
the first switch is connected between the positive pole of the first battery sub-string and the negative pole of the second battery sub-string;
one end of the second switch is connected with the negative electrode of the first battery sub-string and the negative electrode of the battery unit, and the other end of the second switch is connected with the negative electrode of the second battery sub-string;
one end of the third switch is connected with the positive electrode of the first battery sub-string, and the other end of the third switch is connected with the positive electrode of the second battery sub-string and the negative electrode of the third battery sub-string;
and the positive electrode of the third battery sub-string is connected with the positive electrode of the battery unit.
Preferably, the battery cell includes: the first battery substring, the second battery substring, the third battery substring, the fourth battery substring, the fifth battery substring and the sixth battery substring;
the switching unit includes: the first switch, the second switch, the third switch, the fourth switch, the fifth switch, the sixth switch, the seventh switch, the eighth switch and the ninth switch;
the first switch is connected between the positive pole of the first battery sub-string and the negative pole of the second battery sub-string;
the second switch is connected between the positive electrode of the fifth battery sub-string and the negative electrode of the sixth battery sub-string;
the third switch is connected between the positive electrode of the third battery sub-string and the negative electrode of the fourth battery sub-string;
one end of the fourth switch is connected with the negative electrode of the first battery sub-string and the negative electrode of the battery unit, and the other end of the fourth switch is connected with the negative electrode of the second battery sub-string;
one end of the fifth switch is connected with the positive electrode of the sixth battery sub-string and the positive electrode of the battery unit, and the other end of the fifth switch is connected with the positive electrode of the fifth battery sub-string;
one end of the sixth switch is connected with the negative electrode of the sixth battery sub-string, and the other end of the sixth switch is connected with the negative electrode of the fifth battery sub-string;
one end of the seventh switch is connected with the anode of the third battery sub-string, and the other end of the seventh switch is connected with the anode of the fourth battery sub-string;
one end of the eighth switch is connected with the negative electrode of the third battery sub-string, and the other end of the eighth switch is connected with the negative electrode of the fourth battery sub-string;
one end of the ninth switch is connected with the positive electrode of the first battery sub-string, and the other end of the ninth switch is connected with the positive electrode of the second battery sub-string.
Preferably, the method further comprises the following steps: at least two diodes;
and each diode is respectively connected with each battery sub-string in one-to-one correspondence and in reverse parallel.
Preferably, each diode is arranged in the junction box, and the detection control unit, the switch unit and the power module are integrally packaged in the intelligent photovoltaic module; alternatively, the first and second electrodes may be,
each diode, the detection control unit, the switch unit and the power module are integrally packaged in the intelligent photovoltaic module.
Preferably, the detection control unit is further configured to control on/off of each switch in the switch unit according to the received instruction, and change a connection relationship between each battery sub-string in the battery unit, so as to adjust the voltage of the intelligent photovoltaic module.
Preferably, the method further comprises the following steps: a packaging structure; the package structure includes: the packaging structure comprises front plate glass, a first packaging adhesive film, a second packaging adhesive film, a third packaging adhesive film, a conductive film and a rear plate material; wherein:
the detection control unit, the switch unit and the power supply module are packaged into an integrated ultra-thin chip integrated circuit device;
the integrated circuit device is connected with the battery unit through the conductive film;
the first packaging adhesive film is arranged on the upper surface of the battery unit;
the front plate glass is arranged on the surface of the first packaging adhesive film;
the second packaging adhesive film is arranged between the lower surface of the battery unit and the conductive film;
the third packaging adhesive film is arranged below the conductive film;
the rear plate material is arranged below the third packaging adhesive film.
Preferably, the second packaging adhesive film, the conductive film, the third packaging adhesive film and the rear plate material are compounded into an integrated functional back plate.
In another aspect, the present invention further provides a photovoltaic power generation system, including: the photovoltaic power generation system comprises an inverter and at least one photovoltaic string connected with the direct current side of the inverter; wherein:
the photovoltaic string comprises at least one intelligent photovoltaic module as described in any one of the above.
According to the intelligent photovoltaic module provided by the invention, the parameters of the intelligent photovoltaic module are detected by the detection control unit, and when the parameters meet the preset switching conditions, the on-off of each switch in the switch unit is controlled, so that the connection relation between each battery sub-string in the battery unit is changed, and the power optimizer is further replaced to realize the adjustment of the voltage of the intelligent photovoltaic module; the problem of high cost caused by adopting a power optimizer is solved while the maximum serial number of the components of the string is increased.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an intelligent photovoltaic module provided in an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a graph of the output characteristics of a component provided by the prior art;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the components of an intelligent photovoltaic module package according to another embodiment of the present application;
fig. 4a to 4c are schematic diagrams of three structures of an intelligent photovoltaic module according to another embodiment of the present application;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a photovoltaic power generation system according to another embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
The invention provides an intelligent photovoltaic module, which aims to solve the problem of high cost caused by the adoption of a power optimizer in the prior art.
Specifically, this intelligence photovoltaic module includes: the device comprises a detection control unit, a switch unit, a power supply module and a battery unit; wherein:
the battery unit comprises at least two battery substrings; each battery sub-string includes at least one minimum battery unit (battery piece), that is, the number of battery pieces included in each battery sub-string can be arbitrarily selected, for example, the number of battery pieces included in each battery sub-string is 1, 2, 3, 4 … … n, and the like.
The switch unit comprises a plurality of switches, and the number of the switches can be any number, such as 1, 2, 3, 4 … … x and the like, according to the specific application environment; the switch is preferably a controllable electronic switch, such as a Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor (MOSFET), an Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT), a triode, a relay, and the like, and is within the protection range of the present application depending on the application environment.
The detection control unit is used for detecting parameters of the intelligent photovoltaic assembly, controlling the on-off of each switch in the switch unit when the parameters meet preset switching conditions, and changing the connection relation among the battery substrings in the battery unit so as to adjust the voltage of the intelligent photovoltaic assembly. In practical applications, the parameters may be: any one of current, voltage, temperature and irradiance; the preset switching condition comprises: a voltage limiting condition and a recovery condition; the voltage limiting condition is a condition representing that an inverter connected with the intelligent photovoltaic module is in an open circuit state; the recovery condition is a condition representing that an inverter to which the intelligent photovoltaic module is connected is in a normal working state. Preferably, the parameter is voltage; the voltage limiting condition is that the voltage is greater than a voltage limiting threshold; and the recovery condition is a voltage less than a recovery threshold. In practical application, when the parameter is current, the voltage limiting condition is that the current is smaller than a voltage limiting current value; and the recovery condition is that the current is greater than the recovery current value. The setting of each threshold value and the setting of conditions under the selection of other parameters may be determined according to the specific application environment, and are not limited herein and are within the scope of the present application.
The power module is used for supplying power for the detection control unit, and it can be followed intelligent photovoltaic module itself and got the electricity, also can be supplied power by external power source, does not do specific restriction here, and it is decided according to its applied environment, all in the protection scope of this application.
Fig. 1 shows an alternative design in which the battery unit comprises two battery substrings and the switching unit comprises three switches K1, K2 and K3; the detection control unit can realize the detection and judgment of corresponding parameters of the intelligent photovoltaic module and control the on-off of the three switches K1, K2 and K3.
The description is given by taking fig. 1 as an example:
when the inverter connected to the intelligent photovoltaic module is in an open circuit state, for example, when the inverter is not started in the morning and evening, the voltage of the intelligent photovoltaic module is the open circuit voltage Voc in fig. 2, and exceeds the voltage limiting threshold; at the moment, the detection control unit judges that the voltage limiting condition is met, and then controls the switch K1 to be switched off, the switch K2 and the switch K3 to be switched on, and the circuit connection between the two battery substrings is changed from a series connection relation to a parallel connection relation; the voltage of the whole string is reduced, and the string voltage is ensured to be lower than the system requirement (for example, 1500V) on the basis of increasing the maximum serial number of the components of the string. And at the moment, the system does not output current outwards, so the increased current does not influence the work of the whole system, and the system is safe.
When the inverter is gradually started, the inverter is in a normal working state, such as a loaded state or a grid-connected state, the voltage detected by the detection control unit still exceeds a voltage limiting threshold value, and the state of each switch is kept unchanged; at this time, the system outputs current outwards, the current is doubled, but the system group voltage works in the interval between the maximum power point voltage Vmmp and the open-circuit voltage Voc shown in fig. 2, the current is low, and when the current does not exceed the rated current of the system, the system is safe.
When the inverter is in a loaded state or a grid-connected state and works at a maximum power point, the voltage detected by the detection control unit is lower than a recovery threshold value, at the moment, the detection control unit judges that the recovery condition is met, and further controls the switch K1 to be closed and the switches K2 and K3 to be disconnected, and the circuit connection between the two battery substrings is recovered to be a series connection relation from a parallel connection relation; thereby improving the string voltage of the system. And, the current that the system exported outward reduces than before this moment, and the system is safe.
It should be noted that fig. 1 is only an example, and in practical applications, the connection relationship between each switch and each battery sub-string is not limited to that shown in fig. 1; for example, when the inverter connected to the intelligent photovoltaic module is in an open circuit state, the detection control unit can control the corresponding switch to short-circuit at least one battery sub-string, and the purpose of reducing the string voltage can also be achieved. However, after the battery substring is short-circuited, the battery substring does not generate electricity, and the battery substring is in a short-circuit working mode, so that the heat spot battery piece generates heat seriously, the system power generation amount is reduced, and the service life of the assembly is also shortened.
Therefore, preferably, the detection control unit is specifically configured to:
when the parameters meet the voltage limiting condition, the on-off of each switch in the switch unit is controlled, so that at least part of battery substrings in the battery unit are in parallel connection, and the voltage of the intelligent photovoltaic module is reduced; when the parameters meet the recovery conditions, the on-off of each switch in the switch unit is controlled, so that all battery substrings in the battery unit are connected in series in sequence, and the voltage of the intelligent photovoltaic module is improved.
When the corresponding parameters meet the pressure limiting conditions, the detection control unit controls at least part of the battery substrings to be in parallel connection, so that the loss of the generated energy is negligible, the system yield is indirectly increased, and the heating problem is avoided.
It should be noted that, although the maximum number of series-connected components in the string can be increased by using 1500V system voltage components in the prior art, at the time of system design, the maximum number of series-connected components N in the string is calculated as N1500/Voc, where Voc is the open-circuit voltage of the components at the time of the local historical lowest air temperature. The working scene of the actual inverter output is mainly an open circuit state and a load or grid connection state, and the voltage at two ends of the input side of the inverter is the open circuit voltage Voc of the string in the open circuit state; the voltage at the two ends of the input side of the inverter in the load or grid-connected state is the voltage Vmpp corresponding to the maximum power point tracking state, as shown in fig. 2. And when the system is in an open circuit state, the system does not generate electricity outwards, and no benefit is generated. And when the system is in a load or grid-connected state, the system generates power outwards, so that benefits are generated. That is, the Vmpp point voltage, which is beneficial for power generation, the Voc point is based only on safety considerations (the string maximum voltage does not exceed the component maximum system voltage requirement when the inverter is unloaded or grid-tied). Therefore, the voltage between Vm and Voc is considered as an invalid voltage interval which is not beneficial to power generation, if the system can be designed, the maximum system voltage requirement of the components of the system in an open circuit state and a load or grid-connected state can be met, the invalid voltage interval between the maximum power point voltage Vmpp and the open circuit voltage Voc can be obviously reduced, and the maximum component series number of the system string can be further increased. At present, the above purpose is mainly achieved by a power optimizer, but the cost of the power optimizer is too high, and the general applicability is low.
When the output of the inverter is in an open circuit state, the intelligent photovoltaic module provided by the embodiment reduces the output voltage of the intelligent photovoltaic module, improves the output current, reduces the string voltage of the system in the state, and meets the maximum system voltage requirement of the module; when the output of the inverter is in a loaded state or a grid-connected state, the output voltage of the inverter is increased, and the output current is reduced, so that the string voltage of the system in the state is improved, but the maximum system voltage requirement of the component is not exceeded; the on-off control of x switches and the connection setting of circuit wiring realize the series-parallel connection switching of connecting between the inside n battery substrings of intelligent photovoltaic module promptly, and then realize the change of subassembly output voltage and electric current to make the system can satisfy the biggest system voltage requirement of subassembly when different states, can show again and reduce the invalid voltage interval between Vm and the Voc, increase the biggest series module quantity of system, further reduce system initial stage installation cost. In addition, a DCDC conversion circuit is not needed, so that the problem of high cost caused by the adoption of a power optimizer is solved, and the method has a remarkable cost advantage.
Preferably, the detection control unit can also control the on-off of each switch in the switch unit according to a received instruction, for example, a control instruction sent by the inverter after the inverter detects that the series-parallel mismatch problem occurs in the system, and change the connection relationship between each battery sub-string in the battery unit so as to adjust the voltage of the intelligent photovoltaic module; therefore, the intelligent photovoltaic module can optimize the series-parallel mismatch problem of the system through module output voltage and current regulation.
Preferably, the intelligent photovoltaic module further comprises: at least two diodes; and each diode is respectively connected with each battery sub-string in one-to-one correspondence and in reverse parallel.
Optionally, each diode is arranged in the junction box, and the detection control unit, the switch unit and the power module are integrally packaged in the intelligent photovoltaic module;
or, each diode, the detection control unit, the switch unit and the power module are integrated and packaged in the intelligent photovoltaic module.
The specific arrangement mode of each device in the intelligent photovoltaic module can be determined according to the application environment, and is not limited herein, and is within the protection scope of the present application.
In order to remarkably improve the control regulation range of the output voltage and current of the component, series-parallel connection switching is realized by introducing a layer of conductive film and a control circuit into the intelligent photovoltaic component, namely all the control circuits are packaged inside the intelligent photovoltaic component.
Therefore, on the basis of the above embodiments, the intelligent photovoltaic module provided by this embodiment further includes: a packaging structure; as shown in fig. 3, the package structure includes: a front plate glass 101, a first packaging adhesive film 102, a second packaging adhesive film 103, a third packaging adhesive film 105, a conductive film 104 and a rear plate material 106.
Fig. 3 illustrates a packaging structure diagram of the intelligent photovoltaic module, wherein the first packaging adhesive film 102 is disposed on the upper surface of the battery unit 107; the front glass plate 101 is arranged on the surface of the first packaging adhesive film 102; the second packaging adhesive film 103 is disposed between the lower surface of the battery unit 107 and the conductive film 104; the third packaging adhesive film 105 is disposed under the conductive film 104; the back plate material 106 is disposed under the third adhesive packaging film 105. That is, the front glass 101, the first adhesive packaging film 102, the battery unit 107, the second adhesive packaging film 103, the conductive film 104, the third adhesive packaging film 105, and the rear plate 106 are sequentially arranged from top to bottom after the intelligent photovoltaic module is packaged.
In practical applications, the second adhesive packaging film 103, the conductive film 104, the third adhesive packaging film 105 and the back sheet material 106 may be combined together to form an integrated functional back sheet.
In addition, the conductive film 104 needs to be designed with a slot and a wire according to the arrangement of the battery pieces and the internal serial-parallel switching relationship, that is, the conductive film 104 is fabricated with circuit connection wires required for serial-parallel switching. The above-mentioned battery cell 107, detection control unit, switch unit, and power supply module are then electrically interconnected with the conductive film 104. The detection control unit, the switch unit and the power supply module are packaged into an integrated ultra-thin patch integrated circuit device which is used as an integrated series-parallel switching control unit; at this time, the conductive film 104 realizes the connection between the integrated series-parallel switching control unit and the battery cell 107.
The conductive film 104 is preferably a copper foil, an aluminum foil, a graphene film, or the like. In practical application, a tin-coated copper strip or a conductive adhesive tape can be used for replacement, so that part of simple series-parallel switching control is realized, but more complex series-parallel switching control is difficult. Therefore, for complex series-parallel control, conductive films such as copper foil, aluminum foil and graphene film are preferably adopted, and flexible and fine series-parallel switching control is realized by flexibly designing slotting and routing on the whole conductive film, so that the output voltage and current range of the assembly is larger.
The rest of the structure and the principle are the same as those of the above embodiments, and are not described in detail here.
On the basis of the above embodiment, another embodiment of the present invention further provides several specific structures of the intelligent photovoltaic module:
as shown in fig. 4a, the battery cell includes: a first cell sub-string 201 and a second cell sub-string 202; every 20 battery pieces form a battery sub-string, and circuit connection between the two battery sub-strings is connected in series or in parallel to form an intelligent photovoltaic module. The switch unit includes: a first switch K1, a second switch K2 and a third switch K3. The switch unit is combined with the detection control unit and the power supply module to form an integrated series-parallel switching control unit. A conductive film designed by slotting and routing in the intelligent photovoltaic module is utilized to connect the battery substrings with the integrated series-parallel switching control unit, wherein the integrated series-parallel switching control unit is packaged in the intelligent photovoltaic module. In practical application, bypass diodes D1 and D2 are respectively connected in parallel on each battery sub-string, the bypass diodes can be arranged in a junction box, and can also be further integrated in an integrated series-parallel switching control unit, so that the hot spot resistance of the intelligent photovoltaic module is improved.
Specifically, the first switch K1 is connected between the positive electrode of the first battery sub-string 201 and the negative electrode of the second battery sub-string 202; one end of a second switch K2 is connected with the negative electrode of the first battery sub-string 201 and the negative electrode of the battery unit, and the other end of the second switch K2 is connected with the negative electrode of the second battery sub-string 202; one end of the third switch K3 is connected to the positive electrode of the first battery sub-string 201, and the other end of the third switch K3 is connected to the positive electrode of the second battery sub-string 202 and the positive electrode of the battery unit.
The states of the switches K1, K2 and K3 are controlled by the detection control unit, and when the voltage parameter is detected to be larger than the voltage limiting threshold valueVa, performing series-to-parallel switching, namely K1 is opened, and K2 and K3 are closed; when the detected voltage parameter is less than the recovery threshold Vb, a parallel to series switching is performed, i.e., K1 is closed and K2 and K3 are open. When the switch K1 is closed and the switches K2 and K3 are opened, the circuit connection between the two battery sub-strings is in series connection, and the output voltage is V1Output current is I1(ii) a When the switch K1 is opened and the switches K2 and K3 are closed, the circuit connection between the two battery substrings is in parallel connection, and the output voltage is V1/2, output current of 2I1。
As shown in fig. 4b, the battery cell includes: first cell sub-string 201, second cell sub-string 202, and third cell sub-string 203; every 20 battery pieces form a battery sub-string, and circuit connections among the three battery sub-strings form an intelligent photovoltaic module after being connected in series or in parallel. The switch unit includes: a first switch K1, a second switch K2 and a third switch K3. And the switch unit is combined with the detection control unit and the power supply module to form an integrated series-parallel switching control unit. A conductive film designed by slotting and routing in the intelligent photovoltaic module is utilized to connect the battery substrings with the integrated series-parallel switching control unit, wherein the integrated series-parallel switching control unit is packaged in the intelligent photovoltaic module. Bypass diodes D1, D2 and D3 are respectively connected in parallel on each battery sub-string, and the bypass diodes can be arranged in the junction box and can also be further integrated in the integrated series-parallel switching control unit, so that the hot spot resistance of the intelligent photovoltaic module is improved.
Specifically, the first switch K1 is connected between the positive electrode of the first battery sub-string 201 and the negative electrode of the second battery sub-string 202; one end of a second switch K2 is connected with the negative electrode of the first battery sub-string 201 and the negative electrode of the battery unit, and the other end of the second switch K2 is connected with the negative electrode of the second battery sub-string 202; one end of a third switch K3 is connected with the anode of the first battery sub-string 201, and the other end of the third switch K3 is connected with the anode of the second battery sub-string 202 and the cathode of the third battery sub-string 203; the positive pole of the third battery sub-string 203 is connected with the positive pole of the battery unit.
The states of the switches K1, K2 and K3 are controlled by a detection control unit when detecting the voltageThe parameter being greater than a voltage-limiting threshold VaWhen the switch from series to parallel is performed, namely K1 is open and K2 and K3 are closed; when the detected voltage parameter is less than the recovery threshold VbWhen the parallel to series switching is performed, i.e. K1 is closed and K2 and K3 are open. When the switch K1 is closed and the switches K2 and K3 are opened, the circuit connection among the three battery sub-strings is in series connection, and the output voltage is V1Output current is I1(ii) a When the switch K1 is opened and the switches K2 and K3 are closed, the circuit connection between two battery substrings is in parallel connection, and then the two battery substrings are connected in series with another battery substring, and the output voltage is V1/2, output current of 2I1At this time, the bypass diode D3 is turned on due to mismatch between the battery sub-strings, and the current flowing through the bypass diode D3 is I1。
As shown in fig. 4c, the battery cell includes: a first cell sub-string 201, a second cell sub-string 202, a third cell sub-string 203, a fourth cell sub-string 204, a fifth cell sub-string 205, and a sixth cell sub-string 206; every 10 battery pieces form a battery sub-string, and circuit connections among the six battery sub-strings form an intelligent photovoltaic module after being connected in series or in parallel. The switch unit includes: a first switch K1, a second switch K2, a third switch K3, a fourth switch K4, a fifth switch K5, a sixth switch K6, a seventh switch K7, an eighth switch K8, and a ninth switch K9. The switch unit is matched with the detection control unit and the power supply module to form an integrated series-parallel switching control unit. A conductive film designed by slotting and routing in the intelligent photovoltaic module is utilized to connect the battery substrings with the integrated series-parallel switching control unit, wherein the integrated series-parallel switching control unit is packaged in the intelligent photovoltaic module. And bypass diodes D1, D2, D3, D4, D5 and D6 are respectively connected in parallel on each battery sub-string, and the bypass diodes can be arranged in the junction box and can also be further integrated in the integrated series-parallel switching control unit, so that the hot spot resistance of the intelligent photovoltaic module is improved.
Specifically, the first switch K1 is connected between the positive electrode of the first battery sub-string 201 and the negative electrode of the second battery sub-string 202; the second switch K2 is connected between the positive pole of the fifth battery sub-string 205 and the negative pole of the sixth battery sub-string 206; third switch K3 is connected between the positive pole of third battery sub-string 203 and the negative pole of fourth battery sub-string 204; one end of a fourth switch K4 is connected with the negative electrode of the first battery sub-string 201 and the negative electrode of the battery unit, and the other end of the fourth switch K4 is connected with the negative electrode of the second battery sub-string 202; one end of a fifth switch K5 is connected with the positive electrode of the sixth battery sub-string 206 and the positive electrode of the battery unit, and the other end of the fifth switch K5 is connected with the positive electrode of the fifth battery sub-string 205; one end of a sixth switch K6 is connected with the negative electrode of the sixth battery sub-string 206, and the other end of the sixth switch K6 is connected with the negative electrode of the fifth battery sub-string 205; one end of a seventh switch K7 is connected with the anode of the third battery sub-string 203, and the other end of the seventh switch K7 is connected with the anode of the fourth battery sub-string 204; one end of an eighth switch K8 is connected with the negative electrode of the third battery sub-string 203, and the other end of the eighth switch K8 is connected with the negative electrode of the fourth battery sub-string 204; one end of the ninth switch K9 is connected to the positive electrode of the first battery sub-string 201, and the other end of the ninth switch K9 is connected to the positive electrode of the second battery sub-string 202.
The states of the switches K1, K2, K3, K4, K5, K6, K7, K8 and K9 are controlled by a detection control unit, and when the voltage parameter is detected to be larger than a voltage limiting threshold value VaWhen the switching from series to parallel is performed, namely K1, K2, K3 are opened, and K4, K5, K6, K7, K8, K9 are closed; when the detected voltage parameter is less than the recovery threshold VbWhen the switch from parallel to series is performed, namely, K1, K2, K3 are closed, and K4, K5, K6, K7, K8, K9 are opened. When the switches K1, K2 and K3 are closed and the switches K4, K5, K6, K7, K8 and K9 are opened, the circuit connection among the six battery sub-strings is in series connection, and the output voltage is V1Output current is I1(ii) a When the switches K1, K2 and K3 are opened and the switches K4, K5, K6, K7, K8 and K9 are closed, the circuit connection between every two battery substrings is in parallel connection and then connected in series, namely the two battery substrings are connected in parallel and then connected in series, and the output voltage of the intelligent photovoltaic module is V1/2, output current of 2I1。
As can be seen from the structures and principles shown in fig. 4a to 4c, the cell sub-strings in the intelligent photovoltaic module may be connected in parallel equally (as shown in fig. 4a and 4 c) or in parallel unequally (i.e., the cell sub-strings are connected in parallel first and then connected in series with one or more of the cell sub-strings (as shown in fig. 4 b). In the case of equal parallel connection, the bypass diode has no current flow; in the case of non-equal parallel, the bypass diode has a current flowing through it.
It should be noted that the module type design can be flexibly set, and the junction box can be set at one end of the module or in the middle. The number of terminal blocks may be multiple, depending on the magnitude and characteristics of the output voltage and current to be achieved.
In addition, the number of the series-parallel connection of the battery substrings in the intelligent photovoltaic module can be flexibly selected, and the number of the battery pieces contained in each battery substring can be arbitrarily selected, for example, the number of the battery pieces contained in each battery substring is any number such as 1, 2, 3, 4 … … n, and the like, which is not specifically limited herein, and is within the protection scope of the present application depending on the application environment.
In addition, the intelligent photovoltaic module can also comprise a plurality of series-parallel switching circuits, and each series-parallel switching circuit comprises different switches; at the moment, each series-parallel switching circuit can be switched simultaneously or independently so as to realize more flexible output voltage value control; the detection control unit can be used for independently controlling different switches.
The rest of the structure and the principle are the same as those of the above embodiments, and are not described in detail here.
Another embodiment of the present invention further provides a photovoltaic power generation system, as shown in fig. 5, including: the photovoltaic power generation system comprises an inverter and at least one photovoltaic string connected with the direct current side of the inverter; wherein:
the photovoltaic string comprises at least one intelligent photovoltaic module as described in any one of the above embodiments.
Fig. 5 illustrates a photovoltaic power generation system formed by the above intelligent photovoltaic modules, and a plurality of intelligent photovoltaic modules including series-parallel switching circuits are connected in series or in parallel to an inverter. When the output of the inverter is in an open circuit state, and the detection control unit in each intelligent photovoltaic module detects that the parameters meet the voltage limiting condition, the circuit connection between the battery substrings in the intelligent photovoltaic modules is switched from series connection to parallel connection through switch control, the voltage of the modules is reduced, and the open circuit voltage of the whole system is reduced; when the output of the inverter is in a load or grid-connected state, when the detection control unit in each intelligent photovoltaic module detects that the parameters meet the recovery conditions, the circuit connection between the battery substrings in the intelligent photovoltaic modules is switched from parallel connection to serial connection through switch control, the voltage of the modules is improved, the inverter works in an optimal voltage range, and the MPP voltage of the system string does not exceed the maximum system voltage of the modules.
It should be noted that the module related to the present application may be a whole cell module, a sliced cell module, an MWT (Metal Wrap Through) cell module, and other photovoltaic power generation products, and the module is not limited herein, and the cell is the smallest indivisible minimum power generation unit inside the module.
The structure and the working principle of the intelligent photovoltaic module can be seen from the above embodiment, and are not repeated here.
The embodiments of the invention are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments can be referred to each other. The device disclosed by the embodiment corresponds to the method disclosed by the embodiment, so that the description is simple, and the relevant points can be referred to the method part for description.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the invention and is not intended to limit the invention in any manner. Although the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it is not intended to be limited thereto. Those skilled in the art can make numerous possible variations and modifications to the present teachings, or modify equivalent embodiments to equivalent variations, without departing from the scope of the present teachings, using the methods and techniques disclosed above. Therefore, any simple modification, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the present invention are still within the scope of the protection of the technical solution of the present invention, unless the contents of the technical solution of the present invention are departed.
Claims (13)
1. An intelligent photovoltaic module, comprising: the device comprises a detection control unit, a switch unit, a power supply module and a battery unit; wherein:
the battery units comprise at least two battery substrings, and each battery substring comprises at least one minimum battery unit;
the switch unit includes a plurality of switches;
the detection control unit is used for detecting parameters of the intelligent photovoltaic assembly and controlling the on-off of each switch in the switch unit when the parameters meet a voltage limiting condition, so that at least part of battery substrings in the battery unit are in a parallel connection relationship or at least one battery substring is short-circuited, and the voltage of the intelligent photovoltaic assembly is reduced; when the parameters meet the recovery conditions, controlling the on-off of each switch in the switch unit to enable all battery substrings in the battery unit to be in a serial connection relationship in sequence so as to improve the voltage of the intelligent photovoltaic module; the system can meet the maximum system voltage requirement of the components in different states, the invalid voltage interval between the maximum power point voltage and the open-circuit voltage is reduced, and the maximum serial components of the system are increased; the voltage limiting condition is a condition representing that an inverter connected with the intelligent photovoltaic module is in an open circuit state; the recovery condition is a condition representing that an inverter connected with the intelligent photovoltaic module is in a normal working state;
the power module is used for supplying power to the detection control unit.
2. The intelligent photovoltaic module of claim 1, wherein the parameters are: any one of current, voltage, temperature, and irradiance.
3. The intelligent photovoltaic module of claim 2, wherein the parameter is voltage;
the voltage limiting condition is that the voltage is greater than a voltage limiting threshold;
the recovery condition is that the voltage is less than a recovery threshold.
4. The intelligent photovoltaic module of claim 1, wherein at least some of the cell substrings in the cell unit are connected in parallel, and the connection comprises:
all the battery substrings in the battery unit are in equal parallel connection; alternatively, the first and second electrodes may be,
all the battery substrings in the battery unit are in an unequal parallel connection relationship.
5. The intelligent photovoltaic module of claim 4, wherein the battery cell comprises: a first battery sub-string and a second battery sub-string;
the switching unit includes: a first switch, a second switch and a third switch;
the first switch is connected between the positive pole of the first battery sub-string and the negative pole of the second battery sub-string;
one end of the second switch is connected with the negative electrode of the first battery sub-string and the negative electrode of the battery unit, and the other end of the second switch is connected with the negative electrode of the second battery sub-string;
one end of the third switch is connected with the positive electrode of the first battery sub-string, and the other end of the third switch is connected with the positive electrode of the second battery sub-string and the positive electrode of the battery unit.
6. The intelligent photovoltaic module of claim 4, wherein the battery cell comprises: a first battery sub-string, a second battery sub-string, and a third battery sub-string;
the switching unit includes: a first switch, a second switch and a third switch;
the first switch is connected between the positive pole of the first battery sub-string and the negative pole of the second battery sub-string;
one end of the second switch is connected with the negative electrode of the first battery sub-string and the negative electrode of the battery unit, and the other end of the second switch is connected with the negative electrode of the second battery sub-string;
one end of the third switch is connected with the positive electrode of the first battery sub-string, and the other end of the third switch is connected with the positive electrode of the second battery sub-string and the negative electrode of the third battery sub-string;
and the positive electrode of the third battery sub-string is connected with the positive electrode of the battery unit.
7. The intelligent photovoltaic module of claim 4, wherein the battery cell comprises: the first battery substring, the second battery substring, the third battery substring, the fourth battery substring, the fifth battery substring and the sixth battery substring;
the switching unit includes: the first switch, the second switch, the third switch, the fourth switch, the fifth switch, the sixth switch, the seventh switch, the eighth switch and the ninth switch;
the first switch is connected between the positive pole of the first battery sub-string and the negative pole of the second battery sub-string;
the second switch is connected between the positive electrode of the fifth battery sub-string and the negative electrode of the sixth battery sub-string;
the third switch is connected between the positive electrode of the third battery sub-string and the negative electrode of the fourth battery sub-string;
one end of the fourth switch is connected with the negative electrode of the first battery sub-string and the negative electrode of the battery unit, and the other end of the fourth switch is connected with the negative electrode of the second battery sub-string;
one end of the fifth switch is connected with the positive electrode of the sixth battery sub-string and the positive electrode of the battery unit, and the other end of the fifth switch is connected with the positive electrode of the fifth battery sub-string;
one end of the sixth switch is connected with the negative electrode of the sixth battery sub-string, and the other end of the sixth switch is connected with the negative electrode of the fifth battery sub-string;
one end of the seventh switch is connected with the anode of the third battery sub-string, and the other end of the seventh switch is connected with the anode of the fourth battery sub-string;
one end of the eighth switch is connected with the negative electrode of the third battery sub-string, and the other end of the eighth switch is connected with the negative electrode of the fourth battery sub-string;
one end of the ninth switch is connected with the positive electrode of the first battery sub-string, and the other end of the ninth switch is connected with the positive electrode of the second battery sub-string.
8. The intelligent photovoltaic module of claim 1, further comprising: at least two diodes;
and each diode is respectively connected with each battery sub-string in one-to-one correspondence and in reverse parallel.
9. The intelligent photovoltaic module of claim 8, wherein each diode is disposed in a junction box, and the detection control unit, the switch unit and the power module are integrally packaged inside the intelligent photovoltaic module; alternatively, the first and second electrodes may be,
each diode, the detection control unit, the switch unit and the power module are integrally packaged in the intelligent photovoltaic module.
10. The intelligent photovoltaic module according to claim 1, wherein the detection control unit is further configured to control on/off of each switch in the switch unit according to the received instruction, and change a connection relationship between each battery sub-string in the battery unit, so as to adjust the voltage of the intelligent photovoltaic module.
11. The intelligent photovoltaic module of any of claims 1-10, further comprising: a packaging structure; the package structure includes: the packaging structure comprises front plate glass, a first packaging adhesive film, a second packaging adhesive film, a third packaging adhesive film, a conductive film and a rear plate material; wherein:
the detection control unit, the switch unit and the power supply module are packaged into an integrated ultra-thin chip integrated circuit device;
the integrated circuit device is connected with the battery unit through the conductive film;
the first packaging adhesive film is arranged on the upper surface of the battery unit;
the front plate glass is arranged on the surface of the first packaging adhesive film;
the second packaging adhesive film is arranged between the lower surface of the battery unit and the conductive film;
the third packaging adhesive film is arranged below the conductive film;
the rear plate material is arranged below the third packaging adhesive film.
12. The intelligent photovoltaic module of claim 11, wherein the second encapsulant film, the conductive film, the third encapsulant film, and the back sheet material are combined into an integrated functional back sheet.
13. A photovoltaic power generation system, comprising: the photovoltaic power generation system comprises an inverter and at least one photovoltaic string connected with the direct current side of the inverter; wherein:
the photovoltaic string comprises at least one intelligent photovoltaic module as claimed in any one of claims 1-12.
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