CN111724920A - Axial power deviation control method for end-of-life power reduction of nuclear power station reactor - Google Patents
Axial power deviation control method for end-of-life power reduction of nuclear power station reactor Download PDFInfo
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- G21C7/06—Control of nuclear reaction by application of neutron-absorbing material, i.e. material with absorption cross-section very much in excess of reflection cross-section
- G21C7/08—Control of nuclear reaction by application of neutron-absorbing material, i.e. material with absorption cross-section very much in excess of reflection cross-section by displacement of solid control elements, e.g. control rods
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of reactor control and protection, and discloses an axial power deviation control method for reducing power at the end of the life of a reactor of a nuclear power station. The method comprises the steps of predicting the variation trend of the axial power deviation; and controlling and adjusting the axial power deviation by adopting a boronizing power reduction method or a G-rod following power reduction method based on the prediction result so as to maintain the circumferential power deviation within a preset range. By predicting the variation trend of the axial power deviation, the variation trend of the axial power deviation can be predicted according to the planned ascending and descending power, two different power descending strategies of boronizing power descending and G-rod power descending following power descending are correspondingly formulated, and the problem that the axial power deviation of the unit is difficult to control in the power descending period at the end of the service life is solved. On the premise of ensuring the nuclear safety of the reactor core, the power of the unit can be timely increased, and the generating capacity factor of the unit is improved, so that the economic benefit of the unit is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of reactor control and protection, in particular to an axial power deviation control method for reducing power at the end of the life of a reactor of a nuclear power station.
Background
The power in the pressurized water reactor is non-uniformly distributed, and a hot spot can be generated when the local power is too high, so that the output power of the reactor core is limited, and even fuel assemblies can be burnt in severe cases. The axial power deviation of the reactor core, namely delta I, represents the uniform degree of axial power distribution and is a parameter needing to be controlled in an important mode during operation. By controlling the operating state point within the region of the operating map, the fuel cladding safety can be ensured, thereby ensuring the integrity of the fuel. And according to the maximum fuel cladding temperature value of 1204 ℃, the maximum linear power density value for limiting the normal operation of the reactor core is required to be less than 620W/cm. Therefore, the reactor must operate with little axial power distortion to prevent the development of any axial xenon oscillations that would cause strong perturbations in the core axial power distribution, creating large power peaks and thus safety issues. The axial power deviation gradually shifts to the positive direction along with the increase of burnup, rod lifting, boronization, power reduction/reduction of the average temperature of the core outlet. Especially, in a pressurized water reactor nuclear power station at the end of the service life, the axial power deviation change is large, so that xenon oscillation is generated, and the difficulty of controlling the axial power deviation on a unit is caused.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, it is necessary to provide a method for controlling axial power deviation of reactor power drop at the end of a nuclear power plant, aiming at the problem that axial power deviation is difficult to control during the power drop at the end of the life.
An axial power deviation control method for reducing power at the end of the life of a nuclear power station reactor predicts the variation trend of axial power deviation; and controlling and adjusting the axial power deviation by adopting a boronizing power reduction method or a G-rod following power reduction method based on the prediction result so as to maintain the circumferential power deviation within a preset range.
According to the axial power deviation control method for reducing power at the end of the life of the nuclear power station reactor, the change trend of the axial power deviation is predicted, and two different power reduction strategies, namely boronizing power reduction strategy and G-rod power reduction strategy can be formulated according to the change trend of the axial power deviation, so that the problem that the axial power deviation of a unit is difficult to control during the power reduction at the end of the life is solved. On the premise of ensuring the nuclear safety of the reactor core, the power of the unit can be timely increased, and the generating capacity factor of the unit is improved, so that the economic benefit of the unit is improved.
In one embodiment, the operation of reducing power by boronizing comprises injecting 50-150L of boric acid for initial boronizing; performing power reduction operation on the electric power at the speed of 1-3 MW/min; increasing the power reduction rate, and performing bias heat control on the primary circuit to ensure that the bias heat of the primary circuit is not higher than 0.5-1.5 ℃; when the electric power is reduced to a preset power, suspending power reduction operation, and utilizing xenon poison rising to change the axial power deviation to a negative direction; injecting 50-150L boric acid for boronization, and performing power reduction operation on the electric power at the speed of 0.5-1 MW/min; when the electric power is reduced to the target power, reducing the temperature deviation of the first loop and the second loop to +/-0-1 ℃; and (3) inhibiting xenon poison rising through dilution, modifying parameters of an upper computer, and putting the upper computer into a pressure mode of the upper computer.
In one embodiment, if the initial boronizing does not achieve the expected effect, the electric power is reduced in power and 700-900L of boric acid is continuously injected at a flow rate of 0.5-1.5 t/h for boronizing.
In one embodiment, predicting the variation trend of the axial power deviation to obtain a predicted variation trend curve, and controlling the axial power deviation in the period of boronizing power reduction comprises inserting an R rod for 3-5 steps after starting power reduction so that the axial power deviation returns to the vicinity of the predicted variation trend curve.
In one embodiment, after the step of inserting the R-rods for 3-5 times, the step of inserting the R-rods is repeated several times according to the axial power deviation and the change trend of xenon poisoning until the axial power deviation is maintained in the left region of the predicted change curve.
In one embodiment, the G-rods are maintained at the top of the core during boronization for power reduction.
In one embodiment, before the control and adjustment of the axial power deviation by adopting a boronizing power reduction method based on the prediction result, the method further comprises adjusting the state of the unit according to the prediction result.
In one embodiment, a predicted change trend curve is obtained after the change trend of the axial power deviation is predicted, the G rod following power reduction operation comprises the power reduction operation of electric power at the speed of 10-20 MW/min, and the G rod following, the temperature condition in a unit and the xenon toxicity condition are monitored; after the power reduction is started, inserting a G rod below the upper half part of the reactor core to enable the axial power deviation to deviate in the negative direction; after the electric power is reduced to the target power, boronizing boric acid with a preset volume for multiple times to lift the G rod out of the reactor core, stabilizing the state of the unit, and waiting for a return instruction to recover the full power of the electric power; adopting a bias heat control lower inserting R rod to control the axial power deviation and prevent the axial power deviation from exceeding the variation trend curve rightwards; and after the electric power recovers the full power, modifying parameters of the upper computer and putting the upper computer into a pressure mode.
In one embodiment, in the process of reducing the power, the R rod is gradually proposed to reduce the downward insertion of the G rod according to the change situation of the axial power deviation so as to control the axial power deviation.
In one embodiment, in the process of reducing the power, according to the change situation of the axial power deviation, the downward insertion of the G rod is reduced by utilizing the timing of toxicity expansion so as to control the axial power deviation.
In one embodiment, before the power reduction operation control, the method further comprises exiting the upper computer pressure mode, manually performing polarization operation, homogenizing the power of the voltage stabilizer and the boron concentration in a loop, and reporting that the power reduction of the power grid starts.
In one embodiment, the adjusting the unit state comprises placing an R rod at the position of the adjusting upper limit of an adjusting belt; stabilizing the development trend of the axial power deviation and xenon toxicity; and calculating the estimated boriding amount according to the reactivity balance.
In one embodiment, when the power reduction operation is performed, if the axial power deviation exceeds a preset upper limit value or a preset lower limit value, the R rod is placed in a manual state, and the axial power distribution is manually controlled and adjusted to inhibit the development of xenon oscillation.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of an axial power deviation control method for end-of-life power drop of a nuclear power plant reactor according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an envelope graph of an axial power deviation operational control region according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a boronizing power reduction method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph illustrating a variation trend of an axial power deviation in an actual operation of the boronizing power reduction method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a flow chart of a G-rod following power-down method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a graph illustrating the variation trend of the axial power deviation in the actual operation of the G-rod follow-up power-down method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
To facilitate an understanding of the invention, the invention will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. Preferred embodiments of the present invention are shown in the drawings. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete.
It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "secured to" another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. When an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or intervening elements may also be present. As used herein, the terms "vertical," "horizontal," "left," "right," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "circumferential," and the like are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings for ease of description and simplicity of description, and do not indicate or imply that the referenced device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and are therefore not to be considered limiting of the present invention.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used in the description of the invention herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
The axial power deviation cannot reflect the thermal stress condition of the fuel element, and because the absolute value of the difference between the upper part and the lower part of the core is different when the power levels are different, the caused thermal stress and mechanical stress are also different, so that the axial power deviation Δ I which is the quantity capable of representing the actual deviation of the power needs to be introduced. The axial power deviation Δ I is a dimensionless quantity obtained by flux measurement. For a given power, PTIs the nuclear power, P, produced in the upper half of the core of a nuclear power plantBIs the nuclear power produced by the lower half of the core, and △ I is defined as the core nuclear power difference (P)T-PB) Rated total power (P) of coreT+PB) The ratio of:
the values of P and △ I are the currents I provided by the upper 3 and lower 3 sections of each long ionization chamber according to the neutron flux power rangeTAnd IBAnd (4) calculating the value.
The axial power deviation is controlled to ensure that DNBR (departure from nucleate boiling ratio) guidelines, ECCS (emergency core cooling system) guidelines, and fuel rod maximum linear power density limits are consistently observed. By controlling the axial power deviation delta I in the region of the operating diagram, DNBR criteria are met, and the safety of the fuel cladding can be ensured, so that the integrity of the fuel is ensured. And according to the maximum fuel cladding temperature value of 1204 ℃, the maximum linear power density value for limiting the normal operation of the reactor core is required to be less than 620W/cm. Therefore, the reactor must operate with little axial power distortion to prevent any axial xenon oscillation from developing, which would cause a strong disturbance in the core axial power distribution, creating a large power peak and thus presenting a safety problem. The parameter change which has the greatest influence on the axial power deviation control at the end of the service life is the deepening of fuel consumption and the reduction of boron concentration, the influence of xenon poison is also considered in the power reduction process at the end of the service life, and the axial power deviation can be smaller only under the condition that the power change amplitude and speed of each part in the axial direction of the reactor core are smaller, so that the development of xenon oscillation is restrained.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart illustrating an axial power deviation control method for end-of-life power reduction of a reactor of a nuclear power plant according to an embodiment of the present invention, where the axial power deviation control method for end-of-life power reduction of a reactor of a nuclear power plant includes the following steps S100 to S200.
S100: and predicting the variation trend of the axial power deviation.
S200: and controlling and adjusting the axial power deviation by adopting a boronizing power reduction method or a G-rod following power reduction method based on the prediction result so as to maintain the axial power deviation within a preset range.
The boronizing power-down strategy is suitable for the condition that the power of the nuclear power station is increased and decreased in a planned mode, and the G rod power-down following power-down strategy is suitable for the condition that the power-down operation of the nuclear power station needs to be completed in a short time when an emergency occurs. And predicting the change trend of the axial power deviation delta I during the power reduction operation according to different conditions encountered when the power reduction operation is required by the nuclear power station. In the present embodiment, the axial power deviation Δ I is predicted using the new software developed, SOPHORA. And a boronizing power reduction method or a G-rod following power reduction method is selected according to different conditions to finish power reduction operation, and the axial power deviation delta I is controlled and adjusted respectively so as to keep the axial power deviation delta I within a preset range.
The axial power deviation control method for reducing the power at the end of the life of the nuclear power station reactor can predict the trend of the axial power deviation delta I in real time according to a plan of increasing and decreasing the power through the developed new software SOPHORA, so that the prediction time of the axial power deviation delta I is reduced. By a method combining a plurality of control means, aiming at two different power reduction strategies of boronizing power reduction at the end of the service life and G rod following power reduction, corresponding solving measures are provided according to control difficulties, the control strategy of axial power deviation of power reduction at the end of the service life is optimized, and the problem that the axial power control deviation delta I is difficult to control during the power reduction at the end of the service life of the unit is solved. On the premise of ensuring the nuclear safety of the reactor core, the power of the unit can be timely increased, and the generating capacity factor of the unit is improved, so that the economic benefit of the unit is improved.
Fig. 2 is an envelope diagram of an axial power deviation operation control region according to an embodiment of the present invention, and whether a boronizing power reduction method or a G-rod following power reduction method is used to perform the power reduction operation, the axial power deviation Δ I needs to be controlled within regions I and ii enclosed by the envelope curve shown in fig. 2. By controlling the axial power deviation Δ I within the above-mentioned region, DNBR (departure from nucleate boiling ratio) criteria can be met, and fuel cladding safety can be ensured, thereby ensuring fuel integrity. And according to the maximum fuel cladding temperature value of 1204 ℃, the maximum linear power density value for limiting the normal operation of the reactor core is required to be less than 620W/cm. Therefore, the reactor must operate with less axial power distortion to prevent the development of any axial xenon oscillations.
In one embodiment, before the power reduction operation control, the method further comprises exiting the upper computer pressure mode, manually performing polarization operation, homogenizing the power of the voltage stabilizer and the boron concentration in a loop, and reporting that the power reduction of the power grid starts. No matter whether a boronizing power reduction method or a G-rod following power reduction method is selected for power reduction operation, before power reduction operation control, the pressure mode of an upper computer needs to be exited in advance, polarization operation is carried out manually, and the power of a voltage stabilizer and the boron concentration in a loop are uniform. Reporting to the grid that power reduction is about to begin before beginning power reduction operations.
In one embodiment, when boronizing power reduction or G-bar power reduction following operation is performed, if the axial power deviation delta I is found to exceed a preset upper limit value or a preset lower limit value, the R-bar is placed in a manual state, and axial power distribution is adjusted through manual control to inhibit the development of xenon oscillation.
Fig. 3 is a flowchart of a boronizing power reduction method according to an embodiment of the present invention, where the boronizing power reduction operation includes the following steps S211 to S217.
S211: injecting 50-150L boric acid for initial boronization.
S212: and performing power reduction operation on the electric power at the rate of 1-3 MW/min.
S213: increasing the power reduction rate, and performing bias heat control on the primary circuit to ensure that the bias heat of the primary circuit is not higher than 0.5-1.5 ℃.
S214: when the electric power is reduced to the preset power, the power reduction operation is suspended, and the xenon poison is used for rising to enable the axial power deviation to change towards the negative direction.
S215: injecting 50-150L boric acid for boronization, and performing power reduction operation on the electric power at the speed of 0.5-1 MW/min.
S216: and when the electric power is reduced to the target power, reducing the temperature deviation of the first loop and the second loop to +/-0-1 ℃.
S217: and (3) inhibiting xenon poison rising through dilution, modifying parameters of an upper computer, and putting the upper computer into a pressure mode of the upper computer.
Since the boron concentration in the loop is low at the end of the life, when the boronizing power reduction is adopted, boric acid needs to be additionally injected for initial boronizing, and in this embodiment, 100L of boric acid is injected for initial boronizing. The electrical power is then derated, in this example, boronized at a rate of 2 MW/min. Then increasing the power reduction rate, and carrying out bias heat control on the primary circuit to ensure that the bias heat of the primary circuit is not higher than 1 ℃. During the boronizing power reduction period after the electric power is reduced to the preset power, the boronizing is reduced as much as possible, and the power is reduced by using xenon poison. Otherwise, a large amount of water is consumed to replace boron in the later period, and the effect is slow. The later power reduction rate is as small as possible, because the larger the power reduction rate is, the larger the peak value of xenon poison is, and the difficulty of controlling the axial power deviation delta I is increased. When the electric power is reduced to the preset power, the power reduction operation is suspended, and the axial power deviation delta I is changed towards the negative direction by using the xenon poison rising. After 100L of boric acid is injected for boronization, the electric power is continuously subjected to slow power reduction operation at the rate of 0.5-1 MW/min. And when the electric power is reduced to the target power, reducing the temperature deviation of the first loop and the second loop to +/-0-1 ℃. When the unit needs to increase the power again, xenon poison rising is restrained through dilution so as to increase the power, and when the electric power is increased to full power, parameters of the upper computer can be modified and the upper computer is put into a pressure mode of the upper computer.
In one embodiment, if the initial boronizing does not achieve the expected effect, the electric power is reduced in power and 700-900L of boric acid is continuously injected at a flow rate of 0.5-1.5 t/h for boronizing. In the embodiment, if the initial boronization does not reach the expected effect, the electric power is subjected to power reduction operation and simultaneously 800L of boric acid is continuously injected at the flow rate of 1t/h for boronization, and the power reduction effect is improved by increasing the boronization amount.
In one embodiment, the method comprises the step of predicting the change trend of the axial power deviation delta I to obtain a predicted change trend curve, and the step of controlling the axial power deviation delta I in the period of boronizing power reduction comprises the step of inserting R rods 3-5 after power reduction is started, so that the axial power deviation delta I returns to the vicinity of the predicted change trend curve. When the boronizing power reduction operation is performed on an actual unit and the axial power deviation delta I is controlled, the means for changing the axial power deviation delta I in the positive direction comprises the following steps: lifting a rod, boronizing, expanding toxicity and increasing electric power; the means for changing the axial power deviation Δ I to the negative include: rod insertion, dilution, disinfection and electric power reduction. However, during the boronizing power reduction period, the boron concentration in the loop is low at the end of the service life, the overall trend of the axial power deviation Δ I is changed in the positive direction, and the trend of the axial power deviation Δ I in the positive direction is further increased by adopting the boronizing method, so the boronizing amount is reduced as much as possible. The trend of the axial power deviation Δ I towards the positive direction must be suppressed by using a down-inserted R-bar. On the premise of maintaining the unit to be hot, the nuclear power is reduced by fully utilizing the mode of inserting the R rod downwards, the operation of reducing the power is stopped before the nuclear power is reduced to the target power, and the xenon poison is used for increasing to reduce the nuclear power subsequently, so that the boronization amount is reduced.
In one embodiment, after the step of inserting the R-rods for 3-5 times, the step of inserting the R-rods is repeated several times according to the axial power deviation Δ I and the variation trend of xenon poisoning until the axial power deviation Δ I is maintained in the left region of the predicted variation trend curve.
In one embodiment, the G-rods are maintained at the top of the core during boronization for power reduction.
In one embodiment, before the control and adjustment of the axial power deviation Δ I by using a boronizing power reduction method based on the prediction result, the method further includes adjusting the unit state based on the prediction result.
In one embodiment, the adjusting the unit state includes that the R rod is enabled to be located at the upper part of the adjusting band as close to the upper limit of the adjusting band as possible, the axial power deviation delta I and xenon poison are stable, and the estimated required boronization amount of the boronization power reduction operation is calculated according to the reactivity balance.
The following is a description of specific examples for better illustrating the operation steps of power reduction by boronation, but should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.
For example, during a certain two-party power conservation period, the power grid meets the power reduction requirement, the unit No. L1 needs to reduce the power to 800MW, namely to 80% of the full power, and stays at the power point for a long time, and then the boronization power reduction is selected to reduce the power to 800 MW. Before the power reduction operation, the initial power of the unit is 997MW, the R rod is located in step 215/215, and the range of the adjusting belt is 201-225 steps. The lower limit of the R rod at 100% FP is 189 steps and the lower limit is 179 steps, the lower limit 193 of the R rod of the target power platform (800MW) is steps and the lower limit 183 is steps.
The boronizing power reduction operation mainly comprises the following processes:
quitting the inlet pressure mode of the high-pressure cylinder; manually putting into operation polarization operation, and homogenizing the boron concentration of the voltage stabilizer and the loop;
② boronizing for 100L initially; long reporting the power reduction starting of the power grid by the contact value;
beginning to reduce power by 2MW/min, the initial boronizing effect is not obvious, and continuously boronizing for 800L at the flow of 1 t/h;
fourthly, increasing the power reduction rate and controlling a loop to keep the temperature within 1 ℃;
after the power begins to be reduced, the average temperature of a primary loop begins to be reduced along with the reduction of the power, at the moment, due to the influence of the temperature coefficient of a negative moderator and the boron value, the axial power deviation delta I rapidly moves rightwards, 4R rods are inserted downwards to 211/211 steps, and the axial power deviation delta I changes by about 0.8 percent leftwards;
sixthly, repeatedly executing the fifth step, inserting the R rod for 3-4 steps each time according to the axial power deviation delta I and the variation trend of xenon toxicity, and keeping the axial power deviation delta I in the area close to the left side of the right pre-limit line;
when the electric power reaches 840MW, stopping reducing the power, and waiting for the xenon to rise (the xenon rises to change the axial power deviation delta I to the negative direction);
eighthly, boronizing 100L, and continuously and slowly reducing the electric power (0.5-1 MW/min);
ninthly, reaching the target electric power of 800MW, and reducing the temperature deviation of a first loop and a second loop to +/-0.5 ℃;
and (3) inhibiting xenon poison rising (axial power deviation delta I is changed to the positive direction by dilution) at the red (R), modifying parameters of an upper computer, and putting the upper computer into a high-pressure cylinder inlet pressure mode.
Fig. 4 is a graph of the variation trend of the axial power deviation Δ I during the operation of the boronizing power reduction method according to one embodiment of the present invention, wherein during the current power reduction process, a total of 1000L of boric acid is boronized, the R rod is inserted from step 215/215 to step 192/192, and the variation trend of the axial power deviation Δ I is shown in fig. 4.
During this boronization power down period, the R rods were inserted 6 times for 23 steps (from 215 to 192), 4 steps for each insertion, and 3 steps for the last insertion. The axial power deviation delta I changes by about 0.2% for each insertion of a step R rod, and by about 0.8% for each insertion of a 4-step R rod. And selecting the right pre-limit line and the running reference line for the time of inserting the R rod each time. The right pre-limit line of the operation is + 3.18%, the time for inserting the R rod every time is the time for deviating from the left 1% of the right pre-limit line, namely when the axial power deviation delta I changes to + 2.1%, the time for inserting the R rod is taken as the time for inserting the R rod, and the axial power deviation delta I can return to the position of + 1.3% after inserting the R rod for 4 steps every time, so that the R rod is controlled to be close to the prediction line.
As can be seen from fig. 4, whenever the actual operating trend of the axial power deviation Δ I deviates from the prediction line, the operating trend of the axial power deviation Δ I is returned to the vicinity of the prediction line by inserting the R-rod downward. By the control mode, the axial power deviation delta I is well controlled in the whole power reduction process, the axial power deviation delta I has larger margin from a right pre-limit line, and the control delta I of the axial power deviation is more convenient and easier in subsequent xenon expansion/elimination. At this time, when a change in the xenon oscillation direction has just occurred, it is the best intervention occasion to intervene on it, and the xenon oscillation can be suppressed by lifting or inserting an R-rod. If the direction of the xenon oscillation is to be changed immediately, no intervention can be made, otherwise the amplitude of the xenon oscillation is exacerbated.
As can be seen from fig. 4, during the power down period, the overall trend of the axial power deviation Δ I is changed to the positive direction, and if only the boronizing method is used during the power down period without any other interference, the change trend of the axial power deviation Δ I to the positive direction is intensified, so that the positive direction change trend of the axial power deviation Δ I must be suppressed by using the R-bar to be inserted, so as to maintain the actual axial power deviation Δ I near the predicted line. And during boronizing power reduction, the G-rod is not allowed to be inserted downwards, and the G-rod must be maintained at the top of the core. And in the boronizing power reduction process, bias heat control is adopted at the same time, and although the bias heat control has a certain effect on inhibiting the change of the axial power deviation delta I to the positive direction, the effect is small, so that the method is more used for providing conditions for inserting R rods, and the effect of the R rods on inhibiting the change of the axial power deviation delta I to the positive direction is most obvious. In the power reducing process, except for the process of inserting the R rod, the R rod is manually operated, the bias heat is maintained at about 0.8 ℃ in other time, the R rod is automatically controlled, and the R rod is not manually operated for a long time as far as possible.
When the axial power deviation delta I is controlled not to deviate from the prediction line, the lower inserting position of the R rod can exceed the lower limit of the adjusting band and is allowed to be inserted below the lower limit of the R rod, but the lower inserting position of the R rod is required to be above the lower-lower limit value of the R rod. When the power is reduced to 800MW, the lower limit of the R rod is 193 steps and the lower limit of the R rod is 183 steps, and the R rod is finally inserted to 192 steps in order to control the axial power deviation delta I in the operation. Since the R rod has a high position at the end of its life, resulting in a low value, it is necessary to use the R rod as much as possible after the timing for inserting the rod is selected. In addition, when the boronizing power reduction operation is adopted, the change trend of the axial power deviation delta I to the positive direction is quick and large in amplitude, and if only 1-2R rods are inserted each time, the effect of inhibiting the change trend of the axial power deviation delta I to the positive direction is not clear. Therefore, when the proper R rod is inserted, the R rod is inserted for 3-4 steps, and the variation trend of the axial power deviation delta I is slowed down. In addition, when the R rod is inserted, the gradient of temperature reduction is obvious because the temperature reduction is carried out by 4 steps each time, so that the power reduction rate can be reduced in advance to 0.5-1MW/min from 2MW/min before the R rod is inserted.
During the period of reducing the power by boronizing, the boronizing needs to be reduced as much as possible, xenon poison is mostly used, otherwise, a large amount of water is consumed to replace boron in the later period, and the effect is slow. The power reduction rate is also as small as possible, because the larger the power reduction rate, the larger the peak value of xenon poison, and the more difficult the control of the axial power deviation Δ I. After the power is reduced to the target power, when the axial power deviation delta I oscillates to the negative direction in the poison swelling dilution process or after 7-15h, the R rod can be lifted to the middle position of the adjusting band, so that conditions are created for later whole core neutron flux density map measurement, and the adjusting margin of the R rod is increased. Because the axial power deviation Delta I changes towards the negative direction due to poison swelling dilution, the R rod can be properly lifted when the margin of the axial power deviation Delta I is enough; secondly, the xenon oscillates in a period of about 15-30h, the axial power deviation delta I oscillates in a negative direction after 7-15h, and the R rod can be properly lifted if the margin of the axial power deviation delta I is enough.
Fig. 5 is a flowchart of a G-rod following power-down method according to an embodiment of the present invention, in which in one embodiment, a predicted change trend curve is obtained after predicting a change trend of an axial power deviation Δ I, and the G-rod following power-down operation includes the following steps S221 to S225.
S221: and performing power reduction operation on the electric power at the speed of 10-20 MW/min, and monitoring the following of the G rod, the temperature condition in the unit and the xenon toxicity condition.
S222: after the power drop is started, the G rod is inserted downward in the upper half of the core, and the axial power deviation Δ I is shifted in the negative direction.
S223: and after the electric power is reduced to the target power, boronizing boric acid with a preset volume for multiple times to lift the G rod out of the reactor core, stabilizing the state of the unit, and waiting for a return instruction to recover the full power of the electric power.
S224: and adopting a bias heat control downward-inserting R rod to control the axial power deviation delta I, and preventing the axial power deviation delta I from exceeding the predicted variation trend curve rightwards.
S225: and after the electric power recovers the full power, modifying parameters of the upper computer and putting the upper computer into a pressure mode.
The G-bars are moved in a cascading manner, the main purpose of which is to reduce the influence on the axial power distribution, but in practice the G-bars are moved with a relatively large influence on the axial power deviation Δ I. When using G-rod follow-down power, the G-rods are inserted into the core, the general tendency of which is to shift the axial power deviation Δ I in the negative direction, but not always. The core is divided into an upper part and a lower part, and the integral value introduced to the upper part and the lower part of the core is changed along with the movement of the G rod. If the upper introduced negative reactivity is greater, the axial power deviation Δ I is shifted in the negative direction; if the negative reactivity introduced at the lower part is greater, the axial power deviation Δ I is shifted in the positive direction. Thus, also for the down-inserted G-rod, the axial power deviation Δ I tends to be biased in either the negative or positive direction in different phases. If the reserved power reduction time is not long, especially under the condition that the power needs to be reduced urgently, a G rod following power reduction method needs to be adopted, and the control difficulty after the G rod is inserted is the control of the unit after the power is reduced to the target load.
In one embodiment, in the process of reducing the power, according to the change situation of the axial power deviation Delta I, the R rod is gradually proposed to reduce the insertion of the G rod so as to control the axial power deviation Delta I.
In one embodiment, in the process of reducing the power, according to the change situation of the axial power deviation Δ I, the downward insertion of the G rod is reduced by carrying out boronization at the time of toxicity increase so as to control the axial power deviation Δ I.
The following is a description of the present application with specific examples for better illustrating the operation steps of using the G-bar to follow the power down, but the present application should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.
For example, a fire disaster occurs near the pressurized water reactor nuclear power station, and under the requirement of a power grid, when the unit of the pressurized water reactor nuclear power station needs to reduce power to 800MW immediately, namely, the power is reduced to 80% of full power, the power is reduced by adopting a mode that a G rod follows the power reduction. The unit state at this time is that the manually sampled boron concentration is 386ppm, and the unit burnup is 12086.58 MWD/tU.
The G rod following power-down operation mainly comprises the following processes:
quitting the inlet pressure mode of the high-pressure cylinder; manually putting into operation polarization operation, and homogenizing the boron concentration of the voltage stabilizer and the loop;
long reporting of the connection value to start power reduction of the power grid;
thirdly, 12:43, starting to reduce power by 15MW/min, and monitoring the following conditions of the G rod, the cold and the heat of the unit and the xenon toxicity;
after the power begins to be reduced, the G rods are inserted downwards at the upper half part of the reactor core to cause the power at the upper part of the reactor core to be reduced more, the axial power deviation delta I rapidly moves towards the negative direction, meanwhile, the heat bias of a primary circuit causes the R rods to be inserted downwards, the trend that the axial power deviation delta I moves towards the negative direction is aggravated, when the first group of G rods are inserted to the middle lower part of the reactor core, the G rods are continuously inserted downwards to cause the power at the lower part of the reactor core to be reduced more, and therefore the change of the axial power deviation delta I towards the negative direction is reduced, and even the;
due to the fact that the reactor core power change speed is high, the poison swelling effect of 12:58 xenon quickly appears;
sixthly, when the power reaches the target electric power of 800MW at 13:00, immediately boronizing (1020L for 4 times) according to requirements, lifting the G rod out of the reactor core, stabilizing the state of the unit, and waiting for a subsequent telephone recovery instruction to rise to full power again;
and after the full power is increased, modifying parameters of the upper computer, and putting the upper computer into a high-pressure cylinder inlet pressure mode.
Fig. 6 is a graph of a variation trend of the axial power deviation Δ I during the operation of the G-rod power-down following method according to an embodiment of the present invention, in the current operation of the G-rod power-down following method, the variation trend of the axial power deviation Δ I may be divided into 4 different stages as shown in fig. 6, and a principle analysis of each stage is described as follows:
stage 1: and in the emergency power-down stage, the unit is reduced from full power to 800MW at 15 MW/min. It can be seen from the figure that, since the axial power deviation Δ I rapidly extends in the negative direction when the G-rod is used for power reduction, the axial power deviation Δ I with a section in the middle is caused by the stacking of the power rods vertically downward. During the period, the R rod is also inserted from 217/216 steps to 202/202 steps (R rod low limit 191/191 steps), and 15 steps are inserted. If the power reduction rate is larger, the axial power deviation Delta I is likely to change more towards the negative direction and even reach the left limit line, so that the C21 load shedding signal is triggered.
And (2) stage: since the grid cannot be expected to recover when, the boronization starts immediately after the power down to the target load in the power down process to propose the G-bar. As can be seen from the figure, the axial power deviation Delta I is caused to move towards the positive direction by lifting the G rod, and in addition, the axial power deviation Delta I is also caused to move towards the positive direction by the accumulation of boronization and xenon poison, and the axial power deviation Delta I is caused to move towards the positive direction rapidly under the combined action of the factors, and almost reaches the edge of the right pre-limit line. In the process, the axial power deviation Δ I needs to be controlled by inserting an R rod in a machine selection mode, so that the change trend of the axial power deviation Δ I to the positive direction is restrained, otherwise, the continuous positive direction of the axial power deviation Δ I can trigger a C21 load shedding signal. This is therefore particularly important and difficult for the control of the axial power deviation Δ I in phase 2.
According to whether the power grid or the unit equipment can be recovered as early as possible, two strategies can be selected after the power is reduced emergently: (1) when the power of a power grid or unit equipment can be quickly recovered and increased, the G rod is not required to be put forward urgently, the unit is stabilized by diluting and compensating xenon poison on a required power platform, and the axial power deviation delta I is relatively easy to control. (2) If the staying time after the power is reduced is unknown, the G rod needs to be put forward as soon as possible in order to meet the unit operation requirement. Firstly, the G rods are proposed at the time of poison expansion, the core is kept to be hot as much as possible, so that the trend of extending the axial power deviation delta I to the positive direction is reduced (the axial power deviation delta I can be extended to the positive direction by poison expansion), and if the R rods have a downward insertion margin, the axial power deviation delta I can be controlled by downward insertion of the R rods. And after the unit is sterilized, under the premise of keeping the reactor core hot, the G rod is provided in a boronizing mode (the boronizing can enable the axial power deviation delta I to extend to the positive direction).
And (3) stage: and after the power grid notifies that the load needs to be increased again, the upper computer is used for increasing the power. Since the G rod is automatically followed, the G rod is lifted up 2 steps immediately after the power is increased, so that the axial power deviation delta I immediately touches the right pre-limit line, and if the G rod is lifted up continuously, the axial power deviation delta I triggers the C21 load shedding signal. It is necessary to stop the power ramp immediately while inserting two steps of R-bars to control the axial power deviation ai so that it does not deteriorate further. And the closer the unit is to the end of the life, the deeper the firing is, the greater the possibility of triggering the right pre-limit line at stage 3, the more the unit needs to wait for the state of the unit to stabilize, and the fundamental solution is to reduce the insertion of the G rod during the process of reducing to the target power.
And (4) stage: after the axial power deviation delta I is gentle in trend, large-flow dilution is carried out to enable the reactor core to be heated to about 1 ℃, power is slowly increased by utilizing the time when the axial power deviation delta I extends to the negative direction in the disinfection stage, and the G rod is manually increased in the process. In this phase of operation, the axial power deviation Δ I is adjusted by manually lifting the G-rods to extend the axial power deviation Δ I in a positive direction. In phase 4, it is mainly necessary to keep the core hot and then to lift the G rods out at the right moment according to the axial power deviation Δ I profile.
The key point for the control of the axial power deviation Δ I during power up for emergency power down using G-stick follow-down power down is that the insertion of G-stick needs to be reduced during power down to target power and the R-stick position is raised to a higher position as much as possible during the subsequent waiting for faulty equipment maintenance or for grid dispatching instructions.
Since the movement of the G-rods in the core is performed in a cascade process, when the G-rods are used to follow the power-down operation, the power of the upper core is reduced prior to the power of the lower core, and the axial power deviation Delta I is shifted in a negative direction. At the same time, the axial power deviation Δ I is shifted further in the negative direction, since the increase in the upper xenon poison precedes the increase in the lower xenon poison. Subsequently, when the G rods move in the lower core portion, the tendency of the axial power deviation Δ I to shift in the negative direction is suppressed and starts to change in the positive direction, but then when the next group of rods starts to be inserted again, the axial power deviation Δ I changes again in the negative direction.
During the waiting period after the power reduction, the axial power deviation Δ I changes from negative to positive direction due to xenon oscillation, and the operation of the G rod will cause the axial power deviation Δ I to move further to positive direction, even possibly trigger the C21 load shedding signal, and in order not to reach the right limit of the operation diagram, the power can only be reduced to below 50% power.
Although there is not much preparation time before emergency power down using G-bar follow-down power, in order to reduce as much as possible the difficulty of controlling the axial power deviation Δ I during steady power and boost power after power down, appropriate measures need to be taken in the power down process. In other words, in the process of reducing the power, the R rod is gradually lifted up in a small amount of times at a proper time according to the change situation of the axial power deviation delta I, and the boronization is properly carried out by using the change of xenon toxicity, so that the axial power deviation delta I is changed along the connecting line of the initial operating point and the coordinate zero point as much as possible, and the insertion of the G rod is reduced. Therefore, on one hand, the difference of the power change of the upper part and the lower part of the reactor core in the power reduction process is reduced, and the inconsistency of the xenon toxicity change of the upper part and the lower part caused by the difference is reduced. On the other hand, when the position of the R rod is higher and the insertion position of the G rod is not deep, the difficulty of lifting the G rod out of the core in a specified time can be greatly reduced, and meanwhile, enough R rod allowance is reserved to compensate the change trend of the axial power deviation Delta I to the positive direction in the process of lifting the G rod.
The technical features of the embodiments described above may be arbitrarily combined, and for the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of the technical features in the embodiments described above are not described, but should be considered as being within the scope of the present specification as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (13)
1. A method for controlling axial power deviation of power drop at the end of life of a reactor of a nuclear power station is characterized by comprising the following steps:
predicting the variation trend of the axial power deviation;
and controlling and adjusting the axial power deviation by adopting a boronizing power reduction method or a G-rod following power reduction method based on the prediction result so as to maintain the axial power deviation within a preset range.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the employing boronized power down operations comprises:
injecting 50-150L of boric acid for initial boronization;
performing power reduction operation on the electric power at the speed of 1-3 MW/min;
increasing the power reduction rate, and performing bias heat control on the primary circuit to ensure that the bias heat of the primary circuit is not higher than 0.5-1.5 ℃;
when the electric power is reduced to a preset power, suspending power reduction operation, and utilizing xenon poison rising to change the axial power deviation to a negative direction;
injecting 50-150L boric acid for boronization, and performing power reduction operation on the electric power at the speed of 0.5-1 MW/min;
when the electric power is reduced to the target power, reducing the temperature deviation of the first loop and the second loop to +/-0-1 ℃;
and (3) inhibiting xenon poison rising through dilution, modifying parameters of an upper computer, and putting the upper computer into a pressure mode of the upper computer.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein if the initial boronization does not achieve the desired effect, the electric power is reduced in power while continuously injecting 700-900L boric acid at a flow rate of 0.5-1.5 t/h for boronization.
4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a predicted trend curve is obtained after predicting the trend of the axial power deviation, and the controlling of the axial power deviation during the boronizing power reduction comprises:
and after the power is reduced, inserting the R rod for 3-5 steps, and enabling the axial power deviation to return to the vicinity of the predicted change trend curve.
5. The method according to claim 4, wherein inserting the R rod for 3-5 steps further comprises:
and repeating the step of inserting the R rod for a plurality of times according to the axial power deviation and the change trend of xenon poison until the axial power deviation is maintained in the left area of the predicted change trend curve.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the G-rods are maintained at the top of the core during boronization for power reduction.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein adjusting the axial power deviation using a boronized power reduction method based on the prediction further comprises adjusting a unit state based on the prediction.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the predicted trend curve is obtained by predicting the trend of the axial power deviation, and the using the G-bar following power-down operation comprises:
performing power reduction operation on electric power at the speed of 10-20 MW/min, and monitoring the following of a G rod, the temperature condition in a unit and the xenon toxicity condition;
after the power reduction is started, inserting a G rod below the upper half part of the reactor core to enable the axial power deviation to deviate in the negative direction;
after the electric power is reduced to the target power, boronizing boric acid with a preset volume for multiple times to lift the G rod out of the reactor core, stabilizing the state of the unit, and waiting for a return instruction to recover the full power of the electric power;
adopting a bias heat control lower inserting R rod to control the axial power deviation and prevent the axial power deviation from exceeding the predicted variation trend curve rightwards;
and after the electric power recovers the full power, modifying parameters of the upper computer and putting the upper computer into a pressure mode.
9. The method according to claim 8, wherein during the power reduction, R rods are gradually proposed to reduce the insertion of G rods according to the change of the axial power deviation so as to control the axial power deviation.
10. The method of claim 8, wherein during the power reduction process, the G-bar is boronized to reduce the insertion of the G-bar according to the variation of the axial power deviation at the time of toxicity increase so as to control the axial power deviation.
11. The method of claim 1, further comprising, prior to performing the power-down operation control:
and (4) exiting the pressure mode of the upper computer, manually carrying out polarization operation, homogenizing the power of the voltage stabilizer and the boron concentration in a loop, and reporting that the power of the power grid starts to be reduced.
12. The method of claim 7, wherein the adjusting the crew state comprises:
placing the R rod at the position of the adjusting upper limit of the adjusting belt; stabilizing the development trend of the axial power deviation and xenon toxicity; and calculating the estimated boriding amount according to the reactivity balance.
13. The method of claim 1, wherein during the power-down operation, if the axial power deviation exceeds a preset upper limit or a preset lower limit, the R rod is placed in a manual state, and the axial power distribution is manually controlled and adjusted to inhibit the xenon oscillation from developing.
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