CN111721460A - Torso protective structure anti-explosive shock wave performance test device, evaluation and detection method - Google Patents
Torso protective structure anti-explosive shock wave performance test device, evaluation and detection method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种躯干防护结构防爆炸冲击波性能的测试装置、评价、制作方法、以及检测其有效性的方法，所述装置包括：变形约束结构、类皮肤软物质块、压力传感器、加速度传感器以及缓冲层，变形约束结构为顶端开口、其余各端封闭的结构，类皮肤软物质块、压力传感器、加速度传感器以及缓冲层均位于变形约束结构的内部，缓冲层放置于变形约束结构的底部；类皮肤软物质块置于缓冲层上方，压力传感器和加速度传感器处于类皮肤软物质块内部且其感应面与类皮肤软物质块的顶面之间相隔预设距离。本发明实施例的躯干防护结构防护爆炸冲击波性能的测试装置，作为躯干防护结构的材料防护爆炸冲击波性能的有效测试手段，具有重要的价值和广泛的应用前景。
The invention discloses a testing device, evaluation, manufacturing method and a method for detecting the effectiveness of the anti-explosive shock wave performance of a torso protective structure. and the buffer layer, the deformation restraint structure is a structure with the top open and the other ends closed, the skin-like soft material block, the pressure sensor, the acceleration sensor and the buffer layer are all located inside the deformation restraint structure, and the buffer layer is placed at the bottom of the deformation restraint structure; The skin-like soft material block is placed above the buffer layer, the pressure sensor and the acceleration sensor are located inside the skin-like soft material block, and the sensing surface thereof is separated from the top surface of the skin-like soft material block by a preset distance. The device for testing the explosion shock wave protection performance of the trunk protection structure according to the embodiment of the present invention has important value and wide application prospect as an effective testing method for the material protection explosion shock wave performance of the torso protection structure.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及力学领域，特别是涉及一种躯干防护结构防护爆炸冲击波性能的测试装置、评价方法、以及检测其有效性的方法。The invention relates to the field of mechanics, in particular to a test device, an evaluation method and a method for detecting the effectiveness of a torso protective structure for preventing explosion shock waves.
背景技术Background technique
空气中爆炸物爆炸时会产生强烈的冲击波，会对人员的生命安全造成重大威胁。研究表明，在现代战场环境中，爆炸产生的冲击波所引起的人体损伤已经成为士兵致伤、致死的主要因素。关于爆炸冲击波对人员躯干造成损伤的情况，也越来越引起人们的重视，对躯干防护结构防爆炸冲击波性能的评价以及设计高性能的躯干防护结构尤为重要。When explosives in the air explode, a strong shock wave will be generated, which will pose a major threat to the life safety of personnel. Studies have shown that in the modern battlefield environment, the human body injury caused by the shock wave generated by the explosion has become the main factor that causes soldiers to be injured and killed. People's attention has been paid more and more to the damage caused by explosion shock waves to the torso of people. It is particularly important to evaluate the anti-explosive shock wave performance of torso protective structures and to design high-performance torso protective structures.
但目前，对于躯干防护结构防爆炸冲击波的性能，尚缺少有效的通用实验表征方法。在建筑物和装甲的防护测试中，大多数都是通过检测结构的破坏形式等方式实现对防护结构防爆炸冲击波的性能进行测试，并不能很直观的得到经过防护结构防护后的爆炸冲击波对被防护目标所产生的压力数据和加速度数据，并且这种方式并不适用于躯干防护结构对人员进行爆炸冲击波防护性能的测试。因此，目前亟需一种可以测试躯干防护结构防爆炸冲击波性能的装置以及一套适用于评价躯干防护结构防爆炸冲击波性能的指标，以达到可以精确测试出经过躯干防护结构防护后的爆炸冲击波对人体躯干表面所产生的压力数据和加速度数据，以用于建立合适的评价指标对躯干防护结构的性能进行评价。However, at present, there is still no effective general experimental characterization method for the performance of the torso protective structure against explosion shock waves. In the protection test of buildings and armors, most of the tests are carried out to test the performance of the protective structure against explosion shock waves by detecting the damage form of the structure. The pressure data and acceleration data generated by the protection target, and this method is not suitable for the torso protection structure to test the explosion shock wave protection performance of personnel. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a device that can test the anti-explosive shock wave performance of the trunk protective structure and a set of indicators suitable for evaluating the anti-explosive shock wave performance of the trunk protective structure, so as to accurately test the explosion shock wave after the protection of the trunk protective structure. The pressure data and acceleration data generated on the surface of the human torso are used to establish suitable evaluation indicators to evaluate the performance of the torso protective structure.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
鉴于上述问题，本发明提供一种躯干防护结构防护爆炸冲击波性能测试的装置、评价、制作方法、以及检测其有效性的方法，解决了上述的问题。In view of the above problems, the present invention provides a device, evaluation, manufacturing method, and a method for testing the effectiveness of the torso protective structure for preventing explosion shock wave performance, which solve the above problems.
本发明实施例提供一种躯干防护结构防护爆炸冲击波性能的测试装置，所述装置包括：变形约束结构、类皮肤软物质块、压力传感器、加速度传感器以及缓冲层，所述变形约束结构为顶端开口、其余各端封闭的结构，所述类皮肤软物质块、所述压力传感器、所述加速度传感器以及所述缓冲层均位于所述变形约束结构的内部；An embodiment of the present invention provides a device for testing the performance of a torso protective structure against explosion shock waves. The device includes: a deformation constraining structure, a skin-like soft substance block, a pressure sensor, an acceleration sensor and a buffer layer, wherein the deformation constraining structure has an opening at the top , The structure with the other ends closed, the skin-like soft material block, the pressure sensor, the acceleration sensor and the buffer layer are all located inside the deformation constraining structure;
所述缓冲层放置于所述变形约束结构的底部；the buffer layer is placed on the bottom of the deformation constraining structure;
所述类皮肤软物质块的材料力学属性与真实人体皮肤相同，能够模拟冲击波作用到真实躯干表面而形成的压力波形以及人体躯体在爆炸冲击波作用下的动态响应过程，用于替代真实人体躯干模型，所述类皮肤软物质块置于所述缓冲层上方；The material mechanical properties of the skin-like soft material block are the same as those of real human skin, and can simulate the pressure waveform formed by the shock wave acting on the surface of the real torso and the dynamic response process of the human body under the action of the explosion shock wave, and can be used to replace the real human torso model. , the skin-like soft material block is placed above the buffer layer;
所述压力传感器处于所述类皮肤软物质块内部，且所述压力传感器的感应面与所述类皮肤软物质块的顶面之间相隔预设距离，所述类皮肤软物质块的顶面为所述装置的迎波面；The pressure sensor is located inside the skin-like soft material block, and the sensing surface of the pressure sensor is separated from the top surface of the skin-like soft material block by a preset distance, and the top surface of the skin-like soft material block is separated by a preset distance. is the wave surface of the device;
所述加速度传感器处于所述类皮肤软物质块内部，且所述加速度传感器的感应面与所述类皮肤软物质块的顶面之间相隔预设距离，The acceleration sensor is located inside the skin-like soft material block, and the sensing surface of the acceleration sensor and the top surface of the skin-like soft material block are separated by a preset distance,
其中，所述缓冲层与所述类皮肤软物质块之间存在较大的界面材料波阻抗失配，使得进入所述类皮肤软物质块内的压力波在背波面反射时接近自由面状态，且所述缓冲层为爆炸冲击波作用下发生运动的所述类皮肤软物质块提供缓冲支撑；Wherein, there is a large interface material wave impedance mismatch between the buffer layer and the skin-like soft material block, so that the pressure wave entering the skin-like soft material block is close to a free surface state when reflected by the back wave surface, And the buffer layer provides buffer support for the skin-like soft material block that moves under the action of the blast shock wave;
所述变形约束结构由铝合金材质制成，且内表面经过超润滑处理，降低其内表面与所述类皮肤软物质块之间的摩擦阻力，约束所述类皮肤软物质块在冲击波作用下的横向变形，用于使得进入所述类皮肤软物质块的压力波保持沿长度方向传播的一维状态；The deformation restraint structure is made of aluminum alloy material, and the inner surface is super lubricated to reduce the frictional resistance between the inner surface and the skin-like soft material block, and restrain the skin-like soft material block under the action of shock waves The lateral deformation is used to keep the pressure wave entering the skin-like soft material block in a one-dimensional state propagating along the length direction;
所述压力传感器用于感应爆炸冲击波进入所述类皮肤软物质块时，所述类皮肤软物质块受所述爆炸冲击波作用而产生的压力，所述压力传感器的量程不低于预设值；The pressure sensor is used to sense the pressure generated by the skin-like soft material block under the action of the explosion shock wave when the explosion shock wave enters the skin-like soft material block, and the range of the pressure sensor is not lower than a preset value;
所述加速度传感器用于感应爆炸冲击波通过所述防护结构后，使得所述类皮肤软物质块产生的加速度，所述加速度传感器的量程不低于预设值。The acceleration sensor is used to sense the acceleration generated by the skin-like soft mass after the explosion shock wave passes through the protective structure, and the range of the acceleration sensor is not lower than a preset value.
可选地，所述变形约束结构的内表面采用电化学方法进行阳极化,表面上构筑了纳米级片层多孔结构,经过二甲基硅油修饰后可得到超润滑表面，降低所述变形约束结构的内表面与所述类皮肤软物质块之间的摩擦阻力；Optionally, the inner surface of the deformation-constrained structure is anodized by an electrochemical method, and a nano-scale lamellar porous structure is constructed on the surface. The frictional resistance between the inner surface of the skin and the skin-like soft mass;
所述变形约束结构壁厚为5毫米，具有较大的结构刚度，在爆炸冲击波作用下变形较小，从而限制所述类皮肤软物质块的横向变形，使得进入所述类皮肤软物质块的压力波保持沿长度方向的一维传播状态。The deformation constraining structure has a wall thickness of 5 mm, has a large structural rigidity, and is less deformed under the action of the blast shock wave, thereby restricting the lateral deformation of the skin-like soft material block, so that the skin-like soft material block enters the skin-like soft material block. The pressure wave maintains a one-dimensional propagation state along its length.
可选地，所述缓冲层的材料密度和模量均远小于所述类皮肤软物质块的材料密度与模量，使得所述缓冲层的材料波阻抗远小于所述类皮肤软物质块的材料波阻抗，二者之间存在严重的材料波阻抗失配界面，使得进入所述类皮肤软物质块的压力波在背波面反射时接近自由面状态。Optionally, the material density and modulus of the buffer layer are much smaller than the material density and modulus of the skin-like soft matter block, so that the material wave impedance of the buffer layer is much smaller than that of the skin-like soft matter block. Material wave impedance, there is a serious material wave impedance mismatch interface between the two, so that the pressure wave entering the skin-like soft material block is close to the free surface state when reflected on the back wave surface.
可选地，所述压力传感器和所述加速度传感器均通过精确定位装置调整在所述类皮肤软物质块内的位置；Optionally, the positions of the pressure sensor and the acceleration sensor are adjusted in the skin-like soft mass by a precise positioning device;
所述精确定位装置包括：支撑架、高度调节器和电磁铁；The precise positioning device includes: a support frame, a height adjuster and an electromagnet;
所述高度调节器分别与所述支撑架和所述电磁铁连接，用于通过所述电磁铁调节所述压力传感器和所述加速度传感器在所述类皮肤软物质块内的位置；The height adjuster is respectively connected with the support frame and the electromagnet, and is used for adjusting the position of the pressure sensor and the acceleration sensor in the skin-like soft substance block through the electromagnet;
所述电磁铁固定于所述高度调节器上，朝向所述类皮肤软物质块的一面安装有水平工作台，所述水平工作台的位置状态通过水平调节螺母进行调整，并由两个垂直方向上的水准器进行表征，以使得所述水平工作台的工作面保持水平状态；The electromagnet is fixed on the height adjuster, and a horizontal worktable is installed on the side facing the skin-like soft material block. The level on the level is characterized, so that the working surface of the horizontal table is kept in a horizontal state;
所述电磁铁通电时产生均匀磁场，使得所述压力传感器的感应面和所述加速度传感器的感应面被吸附在所述工作面的下方；When the electromagnet is energized, a uniform magnetic field is generated, so that the sensing surface of the pressure sensor and the sensing surface of the acceleration sensor are adsorbed under the working surface;
所述支撑架用于支撑所述定位装置。The support frame is used for supporting the positioning device.
可选地，所述变形约束结构的底部设有开孔，所述压力传感器和所述加速度传感器的连接电缆线穿过所述类皮肤软物质块和所述缓冲层，由所述开孔穿出，分别与压力信号采集设备和加速度信号采集设备连接；Optionally, an opening is provided at the bottom of the deformation constraining structure, and the connecting cables of the pressure sensor and the acceleration sensor pass through the skin-like soft material block and the buffer layer, and pass through the opening. It is connected to the pressure signal acquisition device and the acceleration signal acquisition device respectively;
所述压力传感器的感应面和所述加速度传感器的感应面与爆炸冲击波的传播方向垂直，以实现对所述类皮肤软物质块内的压力数据与加速度数据的测量；The sensing surface of the pressure sensor and the sensing surface of the acceleration sensor are perpendicular to the propagation direction of the explosion shock wave, so as to realize the measurement of the pressure data and the acceleration data in the skin-like soft mass;
所述压力传感器包括：三个压力传感器，所述三个压力传感器的量程均不低于1379kPa，谐振频率为500kHz，上升段时间小于1μs；The pressure sensor includes: three pressure sensors, the range of the three pressure sensors is not less than 1379kPa, the resonance frequency is 500kHz, and the rise time is less than 1μs;
所述加速度传感器包括：三个微型防水加速度传感器，所述三个加速度传感器的量程不小于3000g，固有频率不低于500kHz。The acceleration sensor includes: three miniature waterproof acceleration sensors, the range of the three acceleration sensors is not less than 3000g, and the natural frequency is not less than 500kHz.
可选地，所述三个压力传感器中第一、第二压力传感器的感应面与所述类皮肤软物质块的顶面之间相隔的预设距离的取值为：10毫米；第三压力传感器的感应面与所述类皮肤软物质块的顶面之间相隔的预设距离的取值为：100毫米；Optionally, the value of the preset distance between the sensing surfaces of the first and second pressure sensors of the three pressure sensors and the top surface of the skin-like soft substance block is: 10 mm; the third pressure The value of the preset distance between the sensing surface of the sensor and the top surface of the skin-like soft material block is: 100 mm;
所述三个加速度传感器中第一、第二加速度传感器的感应面与所述类皮肤软物质块的顶面之间相隔的预设距离的取值为：10毫米；第三加速度传感器的感应面与所述类皮肤软物质块的顶面之间相隔的预设距离的取值为：100毫米；Among the three acceleration sensors, the preset distance between the sensing surfaces of the first and second acceleration sensors and the top surface of the skin-like soft block is: 10 mm; the sensing surface of the third acceleration sensor The value of the preset distance from the top surface of the skin-like soft material block is: 100 mm;
所述第一、第二压力传感器与所述第一、第二加速度传感器的各自感应面的位置构成长方形，所述第一、第二压力传感器处于所述长方形的一对对角位置，所述第一、第二加速度传感器处于所述长方形的另一对对角位置；The positions of the respective sensing surfaces of the first and second pressure sensors and the first and second acceleration sensors form a rectangle, the first and second pressure sensors are located at a pair of diagonal positions of the rectangle, and the The first and second acceleration sensors are located at another pair of diagonal positions of the rectangle;
所述第三压力传感器与所述第三加速度传感器之间相隔90毫米，所述第三压力传感器距离所述变形约束结构的第一边框160毫米，距离所述变形约束结构的第二边框115毫米，所述第一边框垂直于所述第二边框；The third pressure sensor and the third acceleration sensor are separated by 90 mm, and the third pressure sensor is 160 mm away from the first frame of the deformation constraining structure and 115 mm away from the second frame of the deformation constraining structure , the first frame is perpendicular to the second frame;
所述第三加速度传感器距离所述第一边框70毫米，距离所述变形约束结构的第二边框115毫米。The third acceleration sensor is 70 mm away from the first frame and 115 mm away from the second frame of the deformation restraining structure.
本发明实施例还提供一种躯干防护结构防爆炸冲击波性能的评价方法，所述评价方法包括：通过压力指标、冲量指标和功率密度指标的结果对所述躯干防护结构防爆炸冲击波的性能进行评价；The embodiment of the present invention also provides an evaluation method for the anti-explosive shock wave performance of the trunk protective structure, the evaluation method includes: evaluating the anti-explosive shock wave performance of the trunk protective structure according to the results of the pressure index, the impulse index and the power density index ;
其中，所述压力指标为第一评价指标，通过所述压力传感器直接采集获得，所述冲量指标为第二评价指标，通过所述压力传感器采集得到的数据经过运算获得，所述功率密度指标为第三评价指标，通过所述压力传感器和所述加速度传感器分别采集得到的数据经过运算获得；Wherein, the pressure index is the first evaluation index, which is directly collected by the pressure sensor, the impulse index is the second evaluation index, and the data collected by the pressure sensor is obtained through calculation, and the power density index is The third evaluation index is obtained by computing the data collected by the pressure sensor and the acceleration sensor respectively;
具体的，所述压力指标通过所述压力传感器采集得到的压力信号p(t)直接获得；Specifically, the pressure index is directly obtained through the pressure signal p(t) collected by the pressure sensor;
所述冲量指标通过所述压力信号p(t)经过运算获得，具体的计算公式如下：The impulse index is obtained through the operation of the pressure signal p(t), and the specific calculation formula is as follows:
其中：P为所述冲量指标的数值，t1、t2为所述压力传感器采集得到的压力信号的起始与结束时间，t为所述压力传感器采集得到的压力信号的持续作用时间；Wherein: P is the value of the impulse index, t 1 and t 2 are the start and end times of the pressure signal collected by the pressure sensor, and t is the duration of the pressure signal collected by the pressure sensor;
所述功率密度指标通过所述压力传感器采集得到的压力信号p(t)和所述加速度传感器采集得到的加速度信号a(t)经过运算获得，具体的计算公式如下：The power density index is obtained by calculating the pressure signal p(t) collected by the pressure sensor and the acceleration signal a(t) collected by the acceleration sensor. The specific calculation formula is as follows:
其中：W(t)为所述功率密度指标的表达式，t1为所述加速度传感器采集得到的加速度信号的起始时间，t为所述压力传感器采集得到的压力信号的持续作用时间；Wherein: W(t) is the expression of the power density index, t 1 is the start time of the acceleration signal collected by the acceleration sensor, and t is the continuous action time of the pressure signal collected by the pressure sensor;
所述压力指标的压力信号p(t)、所述冲量指标的数值P、所述功率密度指标的表达式W(t)反映爆炸冲击波经过所述躯干防护结构防护之后对人体躯干造成的损伤，进而评价所述躯干防护结构防爆炸冲击波的性能。The pressure signal p(t) of the pressure index, the value P of the impulse index, and the expression W(t) of the power density index reflect the damage to the human body caused by the explosion shock wave after being protected by the torso protective structure, Then, the performance of the torso protective structure against explosion shock waves was evaluated.
本发明实施例还提供一种制作躯干防护结构防护爆炸冲击波性能测试装置的方法，所述方法包括：An embodiment of the present invention also provides a method for manufacturing a device for testing the performance of a torso protective structure against explosion shock waves, the method comprising:
步骤1：以高为500毫米，截面积为230*230毫米，厚度为5毫米为尺寸制作变形约束结构，所述变形约束结构顶端开口、其余各端封闭，其底部设有开孔，底端外侧设有两片固定钢片，所述固定钢片用于将整个装置固定在整个装置的支撑架上；Step 1: Make a deformation restraint structure with a height of 500 mm, a cross-sectional area of 230*230 mm, and a thickness of 5 mm. The deformation restraint structure is open at the top and closed at the other ends, with an opening at the bottom and a bottom end at the bottom. There are two fixed steel sheets on the outside, and the fixed steel sheets are used to fix the whole device on the support frame of the whole device;
步骤2：在所述变形约束结构的内部采用电化学方法进行阳极化,内表面上构筑纳米级片层多孔结构,使用二甲基硅油修饰后得到超润滑表面，用于保持所述类皮肤软物质块与所述变形约束结构之间的润滑度，以使得所述类皮肤软物质块受爆炸冲击波横向形变时减小与所述变形约束结构之间的摩擦力，所述类皮肤软物质块包括：硅胶块，所述硅胶块由硅胶液固化而成，所述硅胶液直接注入所述变形约束结构的内部，其截面积为230*230毫米，高为280毫米；Step 2: electrochemically anodize the interior of the deformation confinement structure, construct a nano-scale lamellar porous structure on the inner surface, and use dimethyl silicone oil to modify it to obtain an ultra-lubricating surface, which is used to keep the skin-like softness. The degree of lubricity between the material block and the deformation constraining structure, so that when the skin-like soft material block is laterally deformed by an explosion shock wave, the friction force between the block and the deformation constraining structure is reduced, and the skin-like soft material block is Including: a silica gel block, the silica gel block is solidified by a silica gel liquid, and the silica gel liquid is directly injected into the interior of the deformation restraining structure, and its cross-sectional area is 230*230 mm and the height is 280 mm;
步骤3：在所述变形约束结构变形约束的内部的底部放置截面积为230*230毫米，高为220毫米的缓冲层，在所述缓冲层上对应所述开孔处开设对应的孔，穿入电缆线，所述电缆线用于连接压力传感器和压力信号采集设备以及加速度传感器与加速度信号采集设备，所述缓冲层包括：聚氨酯泡沫块，其截面积为230*230毫米，高为220毫米；Step 3: Place a buffer layer with a cross-sectional area of 230*230 mm and a height of 220 mm at the bottom of the deformation constraint structure, and open corresponding holes on the buffer layer corresponding to the openings. The cable is used to connect the pressure sensor and the pressure signal acquisition device and the acceleration sensor and the acceleration signal acquisition device. The buffer layer includes: a polyurethane foam block with a cross-sectional area of 230*230 mm and a height of 220 mm ;
步骤4：将道康宁184硅胶的基本组分(组分A)和固化剂(组分B)按12.5:1的质量比例进行混合，搅拌均匀形成硅胶液并置于真空箱内抽真空，将抽完真空的所述硅胶液注入所述变形约束结构内部并处于所述缓冲层上方，使得所述硅胶液高度达到170毫米，所述硅胶块的质量比例是基于人体躯干皮肤的力学性能进行设计优化得到的，制备的硅胶块可真实反映躯干皮肤在爆炸冲击波作用下的动态响应特性；Step 4: Mix the basic components of Dow Corning 184 silica gel (component A) and the curing agent (component B) in a mass ratio of 12.5:1, stir evenly to form a silica gel liquid, and place it in a vacuum box to vacuumize it. The silicone liquid that has been vacuumed is injected into the deformation restraint structure and above the buffer layer, so that the height of the silicone liquid reaches 170 mm. The mass ratio of the silicone block is designed and optimized based on the mechanical properties of the human torso skin. The obtained silica gel block can truly reflect the dynamic response characteristics of the trunk skin under the action of the blast shock wave;
步骤5：将所述压力传感器和所述加速度传感器分别连接所述电缆线后放置于所述硅胶液中，所述压力传感器和所述加速度传感器分别通过如权利要求4所述的精确定位装置调整各自的位置，以使得所述压力传感器和所述加速度传感器各自的感应面与所述硅胶液的液面之间存在预设距离，并保持水平；Step 5: The pressure sensor and the acceleration sensor are respectively connected to the cable and placed in the silica gel liquid, and the pressure sensor and the acceleration sensor are respectively adjusted by the precise positioning device according to claim 4 respective positions, so that a preset distance exists between the respective sensing surfaces of the pressure sensor and the acceleration sensor and the liquid surface of the silica gel liquid, and is kept horizontal;
步骤6：在固定好所述压力传感器和所述加速度传感器后，继续缓慢向所述变形约束结构内注入所述硅胶液，使得所述硅胶液面与所述变形约束结构的顶端平齐，并放置12小时，以使得所述硅胶液固化形成所述类皮肤软物质块，进而得到如以上任一所述的躯干防护结构防护爆炸冲击波性能测试装置。Step 6: After fixing the pressure sensor and the acceleration sensor, continue to slowly inject the silica gel liquid into the deformation constraining structure, so that the silica gel liquid level is flush with the top of the deformation constraining structure, and It is left for 12 hours to solidify the silica gel liquid to form the skin-like soft mass, thereby obtaining the device for testing the performance of the torso protective structure against explosion shock waves as described above.
可选地，所述压力传感器包括：第一、第二、第三压力传感器；所述加速度传感器包括：第一、第二、第三加速度传感器，所述步骤5具体包括：Optionally, the pressure sensor includes: a first, a second, and a third pressure sensor; the acceleration sensor includes: a first, a second, and a third acceleration sensor, and the step 5 specifically includes:
在所述压力传感器和所述加速度传感器分别连接所述电缆线后，为所述电磁铁通电，以使得所述第三压力传感器和所述第三加速度传感器被吸附在所述水平工作台的工作面下方；After the pressure sensor and the acceleration sensor are respectively connected to the cables, the electromagnet is energized, so that the third pressure sensor and the third acceleration sensor are adsorbed on the horizontal workbench. below the face;
调整吸附好的所述第三压力传感器和所述第三加速度传感器的位置，以使得两者的位置符合第一预设位置；Adjusting the positions of the adsorbed third pressure sensor and the third acceleration sensor so that the positions of the two conform to the first preset position;
调整所述高度调节器的位置，以使得所述第三压力传感器和所述第三加速度传感器的感应面高出所述硅胶液的液面10毫米；Adjust the position of the height adjuster so that the sensing surfaces of the third pressure sensor and the third acceleration sensor are 10 mm higher than the liquid level of the silica gel liquid;
持续保持所述高度调节器的位置，待所述硅胶液达到半固化状态且符合支撑所述第三压力传感器和所述第三加速度传感器的条件时，为所述电磁铁断电；Keeping the position of the height adjuster, when the silica gel liquid reaches a semi-cured state and meets the conditions for supporting the third pressure sensor and the third acceleration sensor, power off the electromagnet;
在所述电磁铁断电后，升高所述高度调节器的位置，使得所述电磁铁远离所述第三压力传感器和所述第三加速度传感器；After the electromagnet is powered off, raising the position of the height adjuster so that the electromagnet is away from the third pressure sensor and the third acceleration sensor;
继续缓慢向所述变形约束结构内注入所述硅胶液，使得所述硅胶液高度达到270毫米；Continue to slowly inject the silica gel liquid into the deformation constraining structure, so that the height of the silica gel liquid reaches 270 mm;
再次为所述电磁铁通电，以使得所述第一、第二压力传感器和所述第一、第二加速度传感器被吸附在所述水平工作台的工作面下方；energizing the electromagnet again, so that the first and second pressure sensors and the first and second acceleration sensors are adsorbed under the working surface of the horizontal table;
调整吸附好的所述第一、第二压力传感器和所述第一、第二加速度传感器的位置，以使得四者的位置符合第二预设位置；Adjusting the positions of the adsorbed first and second pressure sensors and the first and second acceleration sensors so that the positions of the four conform to the second preset position;
调整所述高度调节器的位置，以使得所述第一、第二压力传感器和所述第一、第二加速度传感器的感应面高出所述硅胶液的液面10毫米；Adjust the position of the height adjuster so that the sensing surfaces of the first and second pressure sensors and the first and second acceleration sensors are 10 mm higher than the liquid level of the silica gel liquid;
持续保持所述高度调节器的位置，待所述硅胶液达到半固化状态且符合支撑所述第一、第二压力传感器和所述第一、第二加速度传感器的条件时，为所述电磁铁断电；Continue to maintain the position of the height adjuster, when the silicone liquid reaches a semi-cured state and meets the conditions for supporting the first and second pressure sensors and the first and second acceleration sensors, the electromagnet power failure;
在所述电磁铁断电后，升高所述高度调节器的位置，使得所述电磁铁远离所述第一、第二压力传感器和所述第一、第二加速度传感器；After the electromagnet is powered off, raising the position of the height adjuster so that the electromagnet is away from the first and second pressure sensors and the first and second acceleration sensors;
其中，所述第一预设位置为：Wherein, the first preset position is:
所述第三压力传感器与所述第三加速度传感器之间相隔90毫米，所述第三压力传感器距离所述变形约束结构的第一边框160毫米，距离所述变形约束结构的第二边框115毫米，所述第一边框垂直于所述第二边框；The third pressure sensor and the third acceleration sensor are separated by 90 mm, and the third pressure sensor is 160 mm away from the first frame of the deformation constraining structure and 115 mm away from the second frame of the deformation constraining structure , the first frame is perpendicular to the second frame;
所述第三加速度传感器距离所述第一边框70毫米，距离所述变形约束结构的第二边框115毫米；The third acceleration sensor is 70 mm away from the first frame and 115 mm away from the second frame of the deformation restraint structure;
所述第三压力传感器的感应面和所述第三加速度传感器的感应面与所述硅胶液的顶面之间相隔的距离均为100毫米；The distance between the sensing surface of the third pressure sensor and the sensing surface of the third acceleration sensor and the top surface of the silica gel liquid is both 100 mm;
所述第二预设位置为：The second preset position is:
所述第一、第二压力传感器的感应面与所述硅胶液的顶面之间相隔的距离为10毫米；所述第一、第二加速度传感器的感应面与所述硅胶液的顶面之间相隔的距离为10毫米；The distance between the sensing surfaces of the first and second pressure sensors and the top surface of the silica gel liquid is 10 mm; the distance between the sensing surfaces of the first and second acceleration sensors and the top surface of the silica gel liquid is 10 mm. The distance between them is 10 mm;
所述第一、第二压力传感器与所述第一、第二加速度传感器的各自感应面的位置构成长方形，所述第一、第二压力传感器处于所述长方形的一对对角位置，所述第一、第二加速度传感器处于所述长方形的另一对对角位置。The positions of the respective sensing surfaces of the first and second pressure sensors and the first and second acceleration sensors form a rectangle, the first and second pressure sensors are located at a pair of diagonal positions of the rectangle, and the The first and second acceleration sensors are located at another pair of diagonal positions of the rectangle.
本发明实施例还提供一种检测躯干防护结构防护爆炸冲击波性能测试装置的有效性的方法，所述方法包括：An embodiment of the present invention also provides a method for detecting the effectiveness of a device for testing the performance of a torso protective structure against explosion shock waves, the method comprising:
步骤1：将躯干防护结构固定于所述类皮肤软物质块的迎波面上，形成整体测试装置，其中，所述躯干防护结构的横截面尺寸为228*228mm，略小于所述类皮肤软物质块的横截面尺寸，以避免固定所述躯干防护结构存在误差时，所述变形约束结构的边框对实验结果造成影响；Step 1: Fix the trunk protective structure on the wave-facing surface of the skin-like soft material block to form an overall test device, wherein the cross-sectional size of the trunk protective structure is 228*228mm, which is slightly smaller than the skin-like soft material The cross-sectional size of the block is used to avoid the influence of the frame of the deformation restraint structure on the experimental results when there is an error in fixing the torso protective structure;
步骤2：将所述整体测试装置固定在支撑架上并依次摆放在以爆炸中心为圆心的圆周上，其半径可以根据爆炸冲击波载荷的需要进行选择，保持所述整体测试装置和所述爆炸中心处在同一水平面上，并距离地面高度为2米，将所述整体测试装置的迎波面正面朝向所述爆炸中心，以使得所述爆炸中心爆炸产生的球面冲击波垂直作用到所述迎波面；Step 2: Fix the overall test device on the support frame and place it in turn on the circle with the explosion center as the center. The center is on the same horizontal plane, and the height is 2 meters from the ground, and the front side of the front of the overall testing device is facing the explosion center, so that the spherical shock wave generated by the explosion of the explosion center vertically acts on the front wave surface;
步骤3：引爆所述爆炸中心，所述爆炸中心爆炸产生的爆炸冲击波通过所述躯干防护结构后，进入所述类皮肤软物质块内，到达所述压力传感器感应面和加速度传感器感应面，其形成的压力数据被所述压力传感器感应到，加速度数据被所述加速度传感器感应到，并通过各自的电缆线传输给压力信号采集设备和加速度采集设备；Step 3: Detonate the explosion center. After the explosion shock wave generated by the explosion of the explosion center passes through the torso protective structure, it enters the skin-like soft material block and reaches the pressure sensor sensing surface and the acceleration sensor sensing surface. The formed pressure data is sensed by the pressure sensor, and the acceleration data is sensed by the acceleration sensor, and is transmitted to the pressure signal acquisition device and the acceleration acquisition device through respective cables;
步骤4：通过如上述的评价方法，对比不同躯干防护结构存在时，所述压力指标、所述冲量指标和所述功率密度指标的关系，得到不同躯干防护结构防爆炸冲击波性能的防护性能结果，所述防护性能结果表征如以上任一所述的躯干防护结构防护爆炸冲击波性能测试装置，有效的检测出所述躯干防护结构的防护性能。Step 4: By comparing the relationship between the pressure index, the impulse index and the power density index when different torso protective structures exist, the protective performance results of the anti-explosive shock wave performance of different torso protective structures are obtained by the evaluation method as described above, The protective performance result represents the device for testing the performance of the torso protective structure against explosion shock waves as described above, which effectively detects the protective performance of the torso protective structure.
本发明提供的躯干防护结构防护爆炸冲击波性能测试的装置，包括：变形约束结构、类皮肤软物质块、压力传感器、加速度传感器以及缓冲层，变形约束结构为顶端开口、其余各端封闭的结构，类皮肤软物质块、压力传感器、加速度传感器以及缓冲层均位于变形约束结构的内部；类皮肤软物质块的顶面为整个装置的迎波面；缓冲层用于使得进入类皮肤软物质块内的压力波在背波面反射时接近自由面状态以及为爆炸冲击波作用下发生移动的所述类皮肤软物质块提供缓冲；变形约束结构用于使得进入类皮肤软物质块的压力波和加速度保持沿长度方向传播的一维状态；压力传感器用于感应爆炸冲击波进入硅胶块时，硅胶块受爆炸冲击波作用而产生的压力，加速度传感器用于感应爆炸冲击波通过所述防护结构后，使得所述类皮肤软物质块产生的加速度。The device for testing the performance of the torso protective structure against explosion shock waves provided by the present invention includes: a deformation restraint structure, a skin-like soft material block, a pressure sensor, an acceleration sensor and a buffer layer, and the deformation restraint structure is a structure with an open top and closed other ends. The skin-like soft material block, the pressure sensor, the acceleration sensor and the buffer layer are all located inside the deformation constraining structure; the top surface of the skin-like soft material block is the wave surface of the whole device; The pressure wave approximates a free surface state when reflected from the back wave surface and provides a buffer for the skin-like soft mass moving under the action of the blast shock wave; the deformation confinement structure is used to keep the pressure wave and acceleration entering the skin-like soft mass along the length. The one-dimensional state of directional propagation; the pressure sensor is used to sense the pressure generated by the explosion shock wave when the explosion shock wave enters the silica gel block, and the acceleration sensor is used to sense the explosion shock wave after passing through the protective structure, making the skin soft The acceleration generated by the mass block.
本发明的性能测试装置，利用类皮肤软物质块的力学响应与人体皮肤组织接近的特性近似人体躯干结构，变形约束结构与缓冲层为类皮肤软物质块提供合理的边界条件，以使得测量出的压力波形和加速度波形更精确反映躯干防护结构防爆炸冲击波的性能，精确定位装置与制备方法保证类皮肤软物质块中压力传感器与加速度传感器的感应面严格垂直于冲击波的传播方向，利用压力传感器和加速度传感器测量得到类皮肤软物质块受爆炸冲击波作用而产生的压力和加速度，从而实现了精确测试出经过躯干防护结构防护后的爆炸冲击波所产生的压力数据和加速度数据，即，相当于精确测试出经过躯干防护结构防护后的爆炸冲击波对人体躯干表面所产生的压力数据和加速度数据。结合发展的评价方法，基于该压力数据与加速度数据可以获得压力指标、冲量指标和功率密度指标，这些评价指标可对躯干防护结构防爆炸冲击波的性能进行评价，由此可以准确得出躯干防护结构防爆炸冲击波的性能，本发明的性能测试装置作为躯干防护结构防护爆炸冲击波性能的有效测试手段，具有重要的价值和广泛的应用前景。The performance testing device of the present invention approximates the structure of the human body by using the mechanical response of the skin-like soft material block to be close to human skin tissue, and the deformation restraint structure and the buffer layer provide reasonable boundary conditions for the skin-like soft material block, so that the measured The pressure waveform and acceleration waveform can more accurately reflect the anti-explosive shock wave performance of the torso protective structure. The precise positioning device and preparation method ensure that the sensing surfaces of the pressure sensor and the acceleration sensor in the skin-like soft material block are strictly perpendicular to the propagation direction of the shock wave, and the pressure sensor is used. The pressure and acceleration generated by the skin-like soft material block under the action of the explosion shock wave can be measured with the acceleration sensor, so that the pressure data and acceleration data generated by the explosion shock wave after being protected by the torso protective structure can be accurately tested. The pressure data and acceleration data generated by the explosion shock wave after the protection of the torso protective structure on the surface of the human torso were tested. Combined with the developed evaluation method, the pressure index, impulse index and power density index can be obtained based on the pressure data and acceleration data. These evaluation indexes can be used to evaluate the performance of the torso protective structure against explosion shock waves, so that the torso protective structure can be accurately obtained. As for the performance of anti-explosive shock wave, the performance testing device of the present invention has important value and wide application prospect as an effective testing method for the performance of the torso protective structure against explosion shock wave.
附图说明Description of drawings
通过阅读下文优选实施方式的详细描述，各种其他的优点和益处对于本领域普通技术人员将变得清楚明了。附图仅用于示出优选实施方式的目的，而并不认为是对本发明的限制。而且在整个附图中，用相同的参考符号表示相同的部件。在附图中：Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments. The drawings are for the purpose of illustrating preferred embodiments only and are not to be considered limiting of the invention. Also, the same components are denoted by the same reference numerals throughout the drawings. In the attached image:
图1是本发明实施例一种躯干防护结构防护爆炸冲击波性能测试的装置的示意图；1 is a schematic diagram of a device for testing the performance of a torso protective structure against explosion shock waves according to an embodiment of the present invention;
图2是本发明实施例一种躯干防护结构防护爆炸冲击波性能测试的装置的尺寸示意图；Figure 2 is a schematic view of the size of a device for testing the performance of a torso protective structure against explosion shock waves according to an embodiment of the present invention;
图3是本发明实施例压力传感器和加速度传感器的位置尺寸示意图；3 is a schematic diagram of the position and size of a pressure sensor and an acceleration sensor according to an embodiment of the present invention;
图4是本发明实施例压力传感器和加速度传感器的另一位置尺寸示意图；4 is a schematic diagram of another position and size of the pressure sensor and the acceleration sensor according to the embodiment of the present invention;
图5是本发明实施例中定位装置的示意图；5 is a schematic diagram of a positioning device in an embodiment of the present invention;
图6是本发明实施例中整体测试装置的摆放示意图；6 is a schematic diagram of the placement of the overall testing device in the embodiment of the present invention;
图7是本发明实施例中实际测试的硅胶块20中的压力数据曲线图。FIG. 7 is a graph of pressure data in the
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为使本发明的上述目的、特征和优点能够更加明显易懂，下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明作进一步详细的说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅用以解释本发明，仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例，并不用于限定本发明。In order to make the above objects, features and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention, only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, but not all of the embodiments, and are not used to limit the present invention.
参照图1，示出了本发明实施例一种躯干防护结构防护爆炸冲击波性能测试的装置的示意图，该装置包括：变形约束结构10、类皮肤软物质块20、压力传感器30、缓冲层40以及加速度传感器50，其中，变形约束结构10为顶端开口、其余各端封闭的结构，当然，变形约束结构10的底端也可以为不全封闭结构，例如：可以采用至少两个铝合金钢条的形式作为底端，该底端只需要满足承重要求即可；而类皮肤软物质块20、压力传感器30、缓冲层40以及加速度传感器50均位于变形约束结构10的内部。Referring to FIG. 1 , a schematic diagram of a device for testing the performance of a torso protective structure against explosion shock waves according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown. The device includes: a
具体的，缓冲层40可以采用聚氨酯泡沫块，类皮肤软物质块20可以采用硅胶块，下文全部统一使用聚氨酯泡沫块40指代缓冲层40，使用硅胶块20指代类皮肤软物质块20。首先，聚氨酯泡沫块40放置于变形约束结构10的底部，其作为缓冲层，与硅胶块20之间存在较大的界面材料波阻抗失配，用于使得进入硅胶块20内的压力波和加速度在背波面反射时接近自由面状态且聚氨酯泡沫块40为爆炸冲击波作用下发生运动的硅胶块20提供缓冲支撑。Specifically, the
变形约束结构10由铝合金材质制成，能够约束硅胶块20在爆炸冲击波作用下的横向变形，使得进入硅胶块20的压力波保持沿长度方向传播的一维状态；具体的，变形约束结构10的内表面采用电化学方法进行阳极化，表面上构筑了纳米级片层多孔结构，经过二甲基硅油修饰后可得到超润滑表面，这样就显著降低变形约束结构10的内表面与硅胶块20之间的摩擦阻力；变形约束结构10壁厚为5毫米，具有较大的结构刚度，在爆炸冲击波作用下变形较小，从而限制硅胶块20的横向变形，使得进入硅胶块20的压力波保持沿长度方向的一维传播状态。The
上述两者相互结合，使得本发明实施例的性能测试装置可以模拟出爆炸冲击波经过躯干防护结构防护后，进入人体躯干表面的压力波实际的波形。The combination of the above two enables the performance testing device of the embodiment of the present invention to simulate the actual waveform of the pressure wave entering the surface of the human body torso after the explosion shock wave is protected by the torso protective structure.
硅胶块20的材料力学属性与真实人体皮肤相同，能够模拟冲击波作用到真实躯干表面而形成的压力波形以及人体躯体在爆炸冲击波作用下的动态响应过程，用于替代真实人体模型，硅胶块20置于聚氨酯泡沫块40上方，硅胶块20由硅胶液固化而成，硅胶液直接注入变形约束结构10的内部，具体的方法下文对应处有详细描述，在此先不做赘述；压力传感器30和加速度传感器50均处于硅胶块20内部，且压力传感器30的感应面和加速度传感器50的感应面分别与硅胶块20的顶面之间相隔预设距离，硅胶块20的顶面为整个性能测试装置的迎波面，压力传感器30用于感应爆炸冲击波进入硅胶块20时，硅胶块20受爆炸冲击波作用而产生的压力，即，相当于压力传感器30用于感应爆炸冲击波进入人体结构时，人体结构受爆炸冲击波作用而产生的压力，压力传感器30的量程不低于预设值；加速度传感器50用于测试爆炸冲击波通过躯干防护结构后使硅胶块20表面产生的加速度，作为另一个指标，结合压力数据更精确的反应出爆炸冲击波作用下躯干的力学响应。The material and mechanical properties of the
变形约束结构10的底部设有开孔，压力传感器30和加速度传感器50的连接电缆线穿过硅胶块20和聚氨酯泡沫块40，由开孔穿出，分别与压力信号采集设备、加速度信号采集设备连接。压力传感器30和加速度传感器50的位置的尺寸具体参照图3、图4所示。The bottom of the
参照图2，示出了本发明实施例一种躯干防护结构防护爆炸冲击波性能测试的装置的尺寸示意图，用于近似替代人体模型的硅胶块20为长方体，截面尺寸为230×230mm(毫米)，为了尽可能减少进入硅胶块20的压力波在硅胶块20的内部往复传播次数，将硅胶块20的高度设置为280mm。Referring to FIG. 2 , a schematic diagram of the size of a device for testing the performance of a torso protective structure against explosion shock waves is shown. The
为了使进入硅胶块20内的压力波尽可能保持沿长度方向传播的一维状态，将硅胶块20置于内截面尺为230×230mm的厚度为5mm(图中未示出该尺寸)的变形约束结构10内，变形约束结构10的总高度为500mm(280mm+220mm)，在爆炸冲击波作用下，变形约束结构10的变形较小，硅胶块20内压力波的传播近似接近一维应变状态。In order to keep the pressure wave entering the
为了保证硅胶块20内的压力波在背波面反射时尽可能接近自由面状态，在硅胶块20背波面放置截面尺寸为230×230mm厚度为220mm的聚氨酯泡沫40作为缓冲层。此外，缓冲层也可以为爆炸冲击波作用下发生移动的硅胶块20提供缓冲。综合这两个部分，即可使得本发明实施例的性能测试装置可以模拟出爆炸冲击波经过躯干防护结构防护后，进入人体躯干表面的压力波实际的波形。In order to ensure that the pressure wave in the
压力传感器30包括：三个PBC113B21型压力传感器(即第一、第二、第三压力传感器)，之所以采用该型号的传感器，是因为目前常用于测量固体材料内部压力的压力传感器为PVDF薄膜压力传感器，不过该传感器的使用压力量程一般需要高于10MPa。而人体躯干的损伤阈值一般远小于10MPa，因此适合于研究躯干防护结构防护爆炸冲击波性能的压力也应远小于10MPa，此种条件下，PVDF薄膜压力传感器将会存在较大测量误差，显然不适用。The
PCB公司生产的PBC113B21型传感器是常用于测量流体中的压力，使用量程不低于1379kPa，谐振频率为500kHz，上升段时间小于1μs。由于硅胶块20为软材料，具有流体的部分力学性质，因此可以使用PBC113B21型传感器进行硅胶块20内压力的测量。The PBC113B21 sensor produced by PCB Company is commonly used to measure the pressure in the fluid. Since the
加速度传感器50包括：三个微型防水加速度传感器(即第一、第二、第三加速度传感器)，三个加速度传感器的量程不小于3000g，固有频率不低于500kHz。The
在放置时，第一、第二压力传感器与第一、第二加速度传感器的各自感应面的位置构成长方形，第一、第二压力传感器处于长方形的一对对角位置，第一、第二加速度传感器处于长方形的另一对对角位置；如图3所示，第一压力传感器距离第一边框的距离为160mm，距离第二边框的距离为160mm；第一加速度传感器距离第一边框的距离为70mm，距离第二边框的距离为160mm；第二压力传感器距离第一边框的距离为70mm，距离第二边框的距离为70mm；第二加速度传感器距离第一边框的距离为160mm，距离第二边框的距离为70mm；四个传感器均置于硅胶块20内距迎波面10mm处。When placed, the positions of the respective sensing surfaces of the first and second pressure sensors and the first and second acceleration sensors form a rectangle, the first and second pressure sensors are in a pair of diagonal positions of the rectangle, and the first and second acceleration sensors The sensor is located at another diagonal position of the rectangle; as shown in Figure 3, the distance between the first pressure sensor and the first frame is 160mm, and the distance from the second frame is 160mm; the distance between the first acceleration sensor and the first frame is 70mm, the distance from the second frame is 160mm; the distance between the second pressure sensor and the first frame is 70mm, and the distance from the second frame is 70mm; the distance between the second acceleration sensor and the first frame is 160mm, and the distance from the second frame is 160mm. The distance is 70mm; the four sensors are placed in the
第三压力传感器距离第一边框的距离为160mm，距离第二边框的距离为115mm；第三加速度传感器距离第一边框的距离为70mm，距离第二边框的距离为115mm；两个传感器均置于硅胶块20内距迎波面100mm处，具体的尺寸可以参照图4所示。本发明实施例中，压力传感器的感应面和加速度传感器的感应面均与爆炸冲击波的传播方向垂直，这样就实现对硅胶块20内的压力数据和加速度数据的准确测量。The distance between the third pressure sensor and the first frame is 160mm, and the distance from the second frame is 115mm; the distance between the third acceleration sensor and the first frame is 70mm, and the distance from the second frame is 115mm; The inner distance of the
上述之所以使用距硅胶块20顶面不同距离的多个传感器的原因是：The reasons for using multiple sensors at different distances from the top surface of the
通过100mm处压力传感器和加速度传感器得到的压力数据和加速度数值，与10mm处压力传感器和加速度传感器得到的压力数据和加速度数值进行比较，可以得出压力波和加速度在硅胶块20内的传播规律，进而可以更准确得到硅胶块20迎波面处的压力波数据和加速度数据。By comparing the pressure data and acceleration values obtained by the pressure sensor and acceleration sensor at 100mm with the pressure data and acceleration values obtained by the pressure sensor and acceleration sensor at 10mm, the propagation law of pressure waves and accelerations in the
六个压力传感器和加速度传感器各自的连接电缆线穿过硅胶块20和聚氨酯泡沫40，从性能测试装置背波面引出，分别接入压力信号采集设备和加速度信号采集设备。The respective connection cables of the six pressure sensors and the acceleration sensor pass through the
变形约束结构10的底端外侧设有两片固定钢片，该固定钢片用于将性能测试装置固定在支撑架上，图2中所示固定位置处即为固定钢片。The outer side of the bottom end of the
性能测试装置迎波面前方固定躯干防护结构，即，图2中的防护结构，其尺寸为截面积为228×228mm的多层板，其厚度可以由测试需要自行确定，一般情况下，通过绑带就可以将躯干防护结构与性能测试装置固定在一起，之所以躯干防护结构的截面积小于硅胶块20的截面积，是为了避免爆炸冲击波作用下硅胶块20发生变形，躯干防护结构与变形约束结构10的内表面接触产生摩擦，影响最终的测量结果。The protective structure of the torso is fixed in front of the wave front of the performance test device, that is, the protective structure in Figure 2. Its size is a multi-layer board with a cross-sectional area of 228 × 228 mm, and its thickness can be determined by the test needs. The torso protective structure and the performance testing device can be fixed together with the belt. The reason why the cross-sectional area of the torso protective structure is smaller than that of the
基于上述测试装置，本发明实施例还提出一种躯干防护结构防爆炸冲击波性能的评价方法，该评价方法包括：通过压力指标、冲量指标和功率密度指标的结果对躯干防护结构防爆炸冲击波的性能进行评价。Based on the above test device, the embodiment of the present invention also proposes an evaluation method for the anti-explosive shock wave performance of the torso protective structure. Evaluate.
其中，压力指标为第一评价指标，通过压力传感器直接采集获得，冲量指标为第二评价指标，通过压力传感器采集得到的数据经过运算获得，功率密度指标为第三评价指标，通过压力传感器和加速度传感器分别采集得到的数据经过运算获得。Among them, the pressure index is the first evaluation index, which is directly collected by the pressure sensor, the impulse index is the second evaluation index, and the data collected by the pressure sensor is obtained through calculation, and the power density index is the third evaluation index, which is obtained through the pressure sensor and acceleration. The data collected by the sensors are obtained through calculation.
具体的，压力指标通过压力传感器采集得到的压力信号p(t)直接获得；Specifically, the pressure index is directly obtained through the pressure signal p(t) collected by the pressure sensor;
冲量指标通过压力信号p(t)经过运算获得，具体的计算公式如下：The impulse index is obtained through the operation of the pressure signal p(t). The specific calculation formula is as follows:
其中：P为冲量指标的数值，t1、t2为压力传感器采集得到的压力信号的起始与结束时间，t为压力传感器采集得到的压力信号的持续作用时间；Among them: P is the value of the impulse index, t 1 and t 2 are the start and end time of the pressure signal collected by the pressure sensor, and t is the continuous action time of the pressure signal collected by the pressure sensor;
功率密度指标通过压力传感器采集得到的压力信号p(t)和加速度传感器采集得到的加速度信号a(t)经过运算获得，具体的计算公式如下：The power density index is obtained by calculating the pressure signal p(t) collected by the pressure sensor and the acceleration signal a(t) collected by the acceleration sensor. The specific calculation formula is as follows:
其中：W(t)为功率密度指标的表达式，t1为加速度传感器采集得到的加速度信号的起始时间，t为压力传感器采集得到的压力信号的持续作用时间；Among them: W(t) is the expression of the power density index, t 1 is the starting time of the acceleration signal collected by the acceleration sensor, and t is the continuous action time of the pressure signal collected by the pressure sensor;
压力指标的压力信号p(t)、冲量指标的数值P、功率密度指标的表达式W(t)反映爆炸冲击波经过躯干防护结构防护之后对人体躯干造成的损伤，进而评价躯干防护结构防爆炸冲击波的性能。The pressure signal p(t) of the pressure index, the value P of the impulse index, and the expression W(t) of the power density index reflect the damage caused by the explosion shock wave to the human body after being protected by the torso protective structure, and then evaluate the anti-explosive shock wave of the torso protective structure. performance.
本发明实施例的一种躯干防护结构防护爆炸冲击波性能测试装置的制作方法包括：The manufacturing method of a torso protective structure protection explosion shock wave performance testing device according to the embodiment of the present invention includes:
步骤1：以高为500毫米，截面积为230*230毫米，厚度为5毫米为尺寸制作变形约束结构10，变形约束结构10顶端开口、其余各端封闭，其底部设有开孔，底端外侧设有两片固定钢片，固定钢片用于将整个性能测试装置固定在支撑架上；Step 1: The
步骤2：在变形约束结构10结构的内部采用电化学方法进行阳极化,内表面上构筑纳米级片层多孔结构,使用二甲基硅油修饰后得到超润滑表面，用于保持硅胶块20与变形约束结构之间的润滑度，以使得硅胶块20受爆炸冲击波横向形变时减小与变形约束结构之间的摩擦力，硅胶块20由硅胶液固化而成，硅胶液直接注入变形约束结构10的内部，其截面积为230*230毫米，高为280毫米；Step 2: Anodize the interior of the
步骤3：在变形约束结构10的内部的底部放置截面积为230*230毫米，高为220毫米的聚氨酯泡沫块40，在聚氨酯泡沫块40上对应开孔处开设对应的孔，穿入电缆线，电缆线用于连接压力传感器30和压力信号采集设备以及加速度传感器50和加速度信号采集设备；Step 3: Place a
步骤4：将道康宁184硅胶的基本组分(组分A)和固化剂(组分B)按12.5:1的质量比例进行混合，搅拌均匀形成硅胶液，并置于真空箱内抽真空，将抽完真空的硅胶液注入变形约束结构10内部并处于聚氨酯泡沫块40上方，使得硅胶液高度达到170毫米，硅胶块20的质量比例是基于人体躯干皮肤的力学性能进行设计优化得到的，制备的硅胶块可真实反映躯干皮肤在爆炸冲击波作用下的动态响应特性；Step 4: Mix the basic components of Dow Corning 184 silica gel (component A) and the curing agent (component B) in a mass ratio of 12.5:1, stir evenly to form a silica gel liquid, and place it in a vacuum box to vacuumize it. After vacuuming, the silicone liquid is injected into the
步骤5：将压力传感器30和加速度传感器50连接电缆线后放置于硅胶液中，压力传感器30和加速度传感器50分别通过如图5所示的精确定位装置调整各自的位置，以使得压力传感器30和加速度传感器50各自的感应面与硅胶液的液面之间存在预设距离，并保持与硅胶液液面水平；Step 5: Connect the
步骤6：在固定好压力传感器30和加速度传感器50后，继续缓慢向变形约束结构10内注入硅胶液，使得硅胶液面与变形约束结构10的顶端平齐，并放置12小时，以使得硅胶液固化形成硅胶块20，进而得到躯干防护结构防护爆炸冲击波性能测试装置。Step 6: After fixing the
参照图5，示出了本发明实施例中定位装置的示意图，定位装置包括：支撑架、高度调节器和电磁铁；高度调节器分别与支撑架和电磁铁连接，用于通过电磁铁调节压力传感器和加速度传感器在硅胶块20内的位置；电磁铁固定于高度调节器上，朝向硅胶块20的一面安装有水平工作台，水平工作台的位置状态通过水平调节螺母(图5中未示出)进行调整，并由两个垂直方向上的水准器(图5中未示出)进行表征，以使得水平工作台的工作面保持水平状态。电磁铁通电时产生均匀磁场，使得压力传感器30和加速度传感器50被吸附在水平工作台的工作面下方；支撑架用于支撑整个定位装置。5 , a schematic diagram of a positioning device in an embodiment of the present invention is shown. The positioning device includes: a support frame, a height adjuster, and an electromagnet; The position of the sensor and the acceleration sensor in the
精确定位装置在工作时，整个支撑架支撑高低调节器和电磁铁处于性能测试装置的上方，性能测试装置在制作到步骤4后，硅胶液液面高度170mm，此时为电磁铁通电，首先将第三压力传感器的感应面和第三加速度传感器的感应面吸附在水平工作台的工作面下方，再调整两者的位置，使两者的位置满足前述的图4中的尺寸；之后再调整高度调节器的位置，下降高度调节器以使得第三压力传感器和第三加加速度传感器的感应面高出硅胶液的液面10毫米，即，第三压力传感器和第三加加速度传感器的感应面位于180mm处；保持该高度位置，待硅胶液达到半固化状态时，且同时其固化的程度可以符合支撑第三压力传感器和第三加加速度传感器的条件，则可以为电磁铁断电；电磁铁断电后，第三压力传感器和第三加速度传感器不再被吸附，但由于硅胶液处于半固化状态，可以保证第三压力传感器和第三加速度传感器的位置不再变化。When the precise positioning device is working, the entire support frame supports the height adjuster and the electromagnet above the performance test device. After the performance test device is fabricated to step 4, the liquid level of the silica gel is 170mm, and the electromagnet is energized at this time. The sensing surface of the third pressure sensor and the sensing surface of the third acceleration sensor are adsorbed under the working surface of the horizontal table, and then adjust the positions of the two so that the positions of the two meet the dimensions in the aforementioned Figure 4; then adjust the height Adjust the position of the adjuster, lower the height adjuster so that the sensing surfaces of the third pressure sensor and the third jerk sensor are 10 mm higher than the liquid level of the silicone liquid, that is, the sensing surfaces of the third pressure sensor and the third jerk sensor are located at 180mm; keep this height position, when the silicone liquid reaches a semi-cured state, and at the same time its curing degree can meet the conditions for supporting the third pressure sensor and the third jerk sensor, the electromagnet can be powered off; the electromagnet is broken After the electricity is turned on, the third pressure sensor and the third acceleration sensor are no longer adsorbed, but since the silicone liquid is in a semi-solidified state, it can be ensured that the positions of the third pressure sensor and the third acceleration sensor will not change.
在电磁铁断电后，升高高度调节器的位置，使得电磁铁远离第三压力传感器和第三加速度传感器；继续缓慢向变形约束结构10内注入硅胶液，使得硅胶液高度达到260毫米；再次为电磁铁通电，将第一、第二压力传感器和第一、第二加速度传感器各自的感应面吸附在水平工作台的工作面下方，再调整四者的位置，使四者的位置满足前述的图3中的尺寸；再次调整高度调节器的位置，下降其位置使得第一、第二压力传感器和第一、第二加速度传感器的感应面高出硅胶液的液面10毫米；即，第一、第二压力传感器和第一、第二加速度传感器的感应面位于270mm处；保持该高度位置，待硅胶液达到半固化状态时，且同时其固化的程度可以符合支撑第一、第二压力传感器和第一、第二加速度传感器的条件，则可以为电磁铁断电；电磁铁断电后，第一、第二压力传感器和第一、第二加速度传感器不再被吸附，但由于硅胶液处于半固化状态，可以保证第一、第二压力传感器和第一、第二加速度传感器的位置不再变化。最后升高高度调节器的位置，使得电磁铁远离第一、第二压力传感器和第一、第二加速度传感器，这样就实现了六个压力传感器和加速度传感器在硅胶块20内的固定。After the electromagnet is powered off, raise the position of the height adjuster to keep the electromagnet away from the third pressure sensor and the third acceleration sensor; continue to slowly inject the silicone liquid into the
需要说明的是，本发明实施例中，针对软物质内压力和加速度的精确测量技术，其涉及到的在类皮肤软物质块内的传感器选择、定位方式(精确定位装置和浇筑过程相结合)与布置形式的相关方法，可以拓展到对一般可通过浇筑形式制备的软物质进行应用，以研究压力波和加速度在软物质内的大小、传播过程和动态演化规律，从根本上解决了软物质中压力与加速度难以测量的难题。It should be noted that, in the embodiment of the present invention, for the precise measurement technology of pressure and acceleration in the soft substance, the sensor selection and positioning method in the skin-like soft substance block involved (the precise positioning device is combined with the pouring process) The methods related to the layout form can be extended to the application of soft substances that can generally be prepared by pouring to study the magnitude, propagation process and dynamic evolution of pressure waves and accelerations in soft substances, which fundamentally solves the problem of soft substances. It is difficult to measure the pressure and acceleration in the medium.
本发明实施例的一种检测躯干防护结构防护爆炸冲击波性能测试装置的有效性的方法，包括：A method for detecting the effectiveness of a device for testing the performance of a torso protective structure against explosion shock waves according to an embodiment of the present invention includes:
步骤1：将躯干防护结构固定于硅胶块20的迎波面上，形成整体测试装置，其中，躯干防护结构的横截面尺寸为228*228mm，略小于硅胶块20的横截面尺寸，以避免固定躯干防护结构存在误差时，变形约束结构10的边框对实验结果造成影响；Step 1: Fix the torso protective structure on the wave face of the
步骤2：将整体测试装置固定在支撑架上并依次摆放在以爆炸中心为圆心的圆周上，其半径可以根据爆炸冲击波载荷的需要进行选择，例如：半径为3.8米的圆周上，保持整体测试装置和爆炸中心处在同一水平面上，并距离地面高度为2米，将整体测试装置的迎波面正面朝向爆炸中心，以使得爆炸中心爆炸产生的球面冲击波垂直作用到迎波面上；例如：参照图6所示，示出了本发明实施例中整体测试装置的摆放示意图，图6中，爆炸中心为炸药，两个整体测试装置摆放在半径为3.8米的圆周上；Step 2: Fix the overall test device on the support frame and place it on the circle with the explosion center as the center. The radius can be selected according to the needs of the blast shock wave load. The test device and the explosion center are on the same horizontal plane, and the height is 2 meters from the ground, and the front of the whole test device is facing the front of the explosion center, so that the spherical shock wave generated by the explosion in the explosion center acts on the front surface vertically; for example: refer to As shown in FIG. 6 , a schematic diagram of the placement of the overall testing device in the embodiment of the present invention is shown. In FIG. 6 , the explosion center is an explosive, and the two overall testing devices are placed on a circle with a radius of 3.8 meters;
步骤3：引爆爆炸中心，爆炸中心爆炸产生的爆炸冲击波通过躯干防护结构后，进入硅胶块20内，到达压力传感器感应面和加速度传感器感应面，其形成的压力数据被压力传感器感应到，加速度数据被加速度传感器感应到，并通过各自的电缆线传输给压力信号采集设备和加速度采集设备；Step 3: Detonate the explosion center. After the explosion shock wave generated by the explosion in the explosion center passes through the torso protective structure, it enters the
步骤4：通过上述的评价方法，可以对比不同躯干防护结构存在时，压力指标、冲量指标和功率密度指标的关系，从而得到不同躯干防护结构防爆炸冲击波性能的防护性能结果，该防护性能结果表征了躯干防护结构防护爆炸冲击波性能测试装置有效的检测出躯干防护结构的防护性能。Step 4: Through the above evaluation method, the relationship between the pressure index, the impulse index and the power density index can be compared when different torso protective structures exist, so as to obtain the protective performance results of the anti-explosive shock wave performance of different torso protective structures. The protective performance results represent The protective performance of the torso protective structure is effectively detected by the test device for the protective blast shock wave performance of the torso protective structure.
参照图7，示出了本发明实施例中第一压力传感器实际测试的硅胶块20中的压力数据曲线图，图7中横轴表示时间，单位为毫秒(ms)，纵轴表示经过躯干防护结构防护后的爆炸冲击波对人体躯干(硅胶块20)所产生的压力数据，单位为兆帕(MPa)。需要说明的是，图7反应的只是第一压力传感器的实测数据曲线图，并不是全部测试数据曲线图。Referring to FIG. 7 , a graph showing the pressure data in the
由此可知，相对于无防护结构，有防护结构(即躯干防护结构)存在时，压力数据的波形的上升段明显变得更为平缓，压力数据的曲线为典型的冲击载荷作用下的缓冲曲线，由此可知，本发明实施例的躯干防护结构防护爆炸冲击波性能测试装置测量得到的波形可以有效反映躯干防护结构防护爆炸冲击波的性能，也表明该躯干防护结构防护爆炸冲击波性能测试装置是合理可行的，其作为躯干防护结构防护爆炸冲击波性能的有效测试手段，是行之有效的。It can be seen that, compared with no protective structure, when there is a protective structure (that is, a trunk protective structure), the rising section of the waveform of the pressure data becomes significantly smoother, and the curve of the pressure data is a typical buffer curve under the action of impact load , it can be seen that the waveform measured by the torso protective structure protection explosion shock wave performance testing device according to the embodiment of the present invention can effectively reflect the torso protective structure protection explosion shock wave performance, which also shows that the torso protective structure protection explosion shock wave performance testing device is reasonable and feasible It is effective as an effective test method for the protection of the torso protective structure against explosion shock waves.
通过本发明实施例的躯干防护结构防护爆炸冲击波性能测试装置、评价、制作方法、以及检测其有效性的方法，可以模拟出人体在穿戴躯干防护结构之后，处于爆炸冲击波的冲击环境下，人体结构内部受爆炸冲击波而产生的压力数据，根据上述数据表明本发明实施例的躯干防护结构防护爆炸冲击波性能测试装置可以准确的得到压力数据，其作为躯干防护结构防护爆炸冲击波性能的有效测试手段。Through the testing device, evaluation, manufacturing method, and method for detecting the effectiveness of the torso protective structure in the embodiment of the present invention, it can be simulated that the human body is in the shock environment of the explosion shock wave after wearing the torso protective structure, and the human body structure The pressure data generated by the internal explosion shock wave, according to the above data, it is shown that the torso protective structure protection explosion shock wave performance testing device of the embodiment of the present invention can accurately obtain the pressure data, which is used as an effective test method for the torso protective structure protection explosion shock wave performance.
综上所述，本发明实施例的躯干防护结构防护爆炸冲击波性能测试的装置，利用类皮肤软物质块的力学响应与人体皮肤组织接近的特性近似模拟人体躯干结构，变形约束结构与缓冲层为类皮肤软物质块提供合理的边界条件，以使得测量出的压力波形和加速度波形更精确反映躯干防护结构防爆炸冲击波的性能，精确定位装置与制备方法保证类皮肤软物质块中压力传感器与加速度传感器的感应面严格垂直于冲击波的传播方向，利用压力传感器和加速度传感器测量得到类皮肤软物质块受爆炸冲击波作用而产生的压力和加速度，从而实现了精确测试出经过躯干防护结构防护后的爆炸冲击波所产生的压力数据和加速度数据，即，相当于精确测试出经过躯干防护结构防护后的爆炸冲击波对人体躯干表面所产生的压力数据和加速度数据。结合发展的评价方法，基于该压力数据与加速度数据可以获得压力指标、冲量指标和功率密度指标，这些评价指标可对躯干防护结构防爆炸冲击波的性能进行评价，由此可以准确得出躯干防护结构防爆炸冲击波的性能，本发明的性能测试装置作为躯干防护结构防护爆炸冲击波性能的有效测试手段，具有重要的价值和广泛的应用前景。To sum up, the device for testing the performance of the torso protective structure against explosion shock waves according to the embodiment of the present invention uses the mechanical response of the skin-like soft material block to approximate the characteristics of the human skin tissue to approximate the human torso structure, and the deformation restraint structure and the buffer layer are: The skin-like soft material block provides reasonable boundary conditions, so that the measured pressure waveform and acceleration waveform can more accurately reflect the anti-explosive shock wave performance of the torso protective structure, and the precise positioning device and preparation method ensure the pressure sensor and acceleration in the skin-like soft material block. The sensing surface of the sensor is strictly perpendicular to the propagation direction of the shock wave, and the pressure and acceleration generated by the skin-like soft material block under the action of the explosion shock wave are measured by the pressure sensor and the acceleration sensor, so as to accurately test the explosion after the protection of the torso protective structure. The pressure data and acceleration data generated by the shock wave are equivalent to accurately testing the pressure data and acceleration data generated by the explosion shock wave after being protected by the torso protective structure on the surface of the human body. Combined with the developed evaluation method, the pressure index, impulse index and power density index can be obtained based on the pressure data and acceleration data. These evaluation indexes can be used to evaluate the performance of the torso protective structure against explosion shock waves, so that the torso protective structure can be accurately obtained. As for the performance of anti-explosive shock wave, the performance testing device of the present invention has important value and wide application prospect as an effective testing method for the performance of the torso protective structure against explosion shock wave.
还需要说明的是，在本文中，诸如第一和第二等之类的关系术语仅仅用来将一个实体或者操作与另一个实体或操作区分开来，而不一定要求或者暗示这些实体或操作之间存在任何这种实际的关系或者顺序。而且，术语“包括”、“包含”或者其任何其他变体意在涵盖非排他性的包含，从而使得包括一系列要素的过程、方法不仅包括那些要素，而且还包括没有明确列出的其他要素，或者是还包括为这种过程、方法所固有的要素。It should also be noted that in this document, relational terms such as first and second are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply those entities or operations There is no such actual relationship or order between them. Moreover, the terms "comprising", "comprising" or any other variation thereof are intended to encompass non-exclusive inclusion such that a process, method including a list of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not expressly listed, Or also include elements inherent to this process and method.
上面结合附图对本发明的实施例进行了描述，本文中应用了具体个例对本发明的原理及实施方式进行了阐述，以上实施例的说明只是用于帮助理解本发明的方法及其核心思想；同时，对于本领域的一般技术人员，依据本发明的思想，在具体实施方式及应用范围上均会有改变之处，综上所述，本说明书内容不应理解为对本发明的限制。The embodiments of the present invention are described above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, and specific examples are used to illustrate the principles and implementations of the present invention. The descriptions of the above embodiments are only used to help understand the method of the present invention and its core idea; Meanwhile, for those of ordinary skill in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, there will be changes in the specific embodiments and application scope. In summary, the contents of this specification should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Claims (10)
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