CN111721010A - 一种新型高效的太阳能光伏/光热集热/蒸发器 - Google Patents
一种新型高效的太阳能光伏/光热集热/蒸发器 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种新型高效的太阳能光伏/光热集热/蒸发器,包括:光伏电池玻璃覆膜、光伏电池、EVA胶膜、电绝缘层、吹胀板和保温材料。本发明的有益效果是:该组件采用新型的吹胀板流道结构设计,即采用流道设计优化的吹胀板,相比以空气或水作为集热介质的PV/T组件和未经流道设计优化的吹胀板具有较高的集热效率,实现更加高效的集热及光伏电池的降温,此外由六边形流道与网格型流道组合而成的吹胀板流道,可以实现更加均匀的温度分布,从而提高光伏电池电流输出的稳定性并提高寿命。该组件结构紧凑、高效、轻便、美观,减少其占地面积,而且使得发电和热泵效率得到提升,在推广可再生能源利用和绿色建筑领域具有重要意义。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及光伏/光热耦合技术,通过流道的优化设计实现组件高效的热电转化,特别涉及一种新型高效的太阳能光伏/光热集热/蒸发器。
背景技术
如今世界能源消耗逐年攀升,而中国作为能源消耗大国及碳排放量第一的国家,能源转型与节能减排的压力日益增加,随着能源危机和环境危机的浮现,开发利用新能源迫在眉睫。太阳能由于其永久性、普遍性以及环境友好特点成为可再生能源中的首选。现主要利用太阳能的方式有两种:光伏利用和光热利用,在建筑环境领域内,光伏电池与各类太阳能集热器占主体地位。但由于太阳能存在不稳定、低密度、持续性不强等缺点,使得高效转化利用太阳能成为瓶颈。此外,由于城市化日益增加,土地资源有限,光伏与光热抢占土地面积的问题也日益显著。
为克服以上问题,前人提出了光伏/光热(PV/T)技术,将光伏电池与太阳能集热器进行耦合,不仅降低太阳能电池的温度提升其发电效率,而且利于集热介质将废热进行回收实现更高的太阳能转化效率。如今市面上常见的PV/T组件以水和空气作为集热介质为主进行推广,由于其利用水和空气的显热进行储能,储热效率远远不及以潜热进行储能的制冷剂工质,因此水基或空气基的PV/T组件需要更大的安装面积。而在土地资源稀缺的城市环境下,直膨式PV/T组件成为高效、紧凑利用太阳能的新趋势。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服上述不足,提供一种新型高效的太阳能光伏/光热集热/蒸发器。
这种新型高效的太阳能光伏/光热集热/蒸发器,包括:光伏电池玻璃覆膜、光伏电池、 EVA胶膜、电绝缘层、吹胀板和保温材料;
所述光伏电池玻璃覆膜覆盖整个光伏电池上表面,光伏电池下表面贴合EVA胶膜上表面, EVA胶膜下表面贴合电绝缘层;吹胀板正面与电绝缘层下表面结合面为平面;吹胀板背面有向下凹陷的吹胀板流道胀起部分,吹胀板内部有集热介质通道,整个吹胀板背面包裹有保温材料;
所述吹胀板具有流道结构,吹胀板的流道结构由六边形流道和网格型流道组成;吹胀板的一端设有吹胀板进口、吹胀板第一出口和吹胀板第二出口,且六边形流道位于该端;吹胀板进口、吹胀板第一出口和吹胀板第二出口均通过银焊与铜管相连;吹胀板进口所连接的铜管末端焊接吹胀板进口铜纳子接头,吹胀板第一出口和吹胀板第二出口接入同一根铜管且该铜管末端焊接吹胀板出口铜纳子接头;网格型流道位于吹胀板另一端的流道转折处,网格型流道周围设有少量阻力网格;吹胀板的吹胀板第一出口和吹胀板第二出口底部采用斜流道短边样式和斜流道长边样式;
所述吹胀板中部有宽度为W1长度为L1的面板,该面板安装光伏电池的接线盒;面板的尺寸匹配光伏电池接线盒的尺寸。
作为优选,所述吹胀板为单面吹胀结构,吹胀板的四周有折边。
作为优选,所述吹胀板的流道有吹胀板A-A截面流道形式和吹胀板B-B截面流道形式两种,所述吹胀板B-B截面流道形式流道宽度窄于吹胀板A-A截面流道形式。
这种新型高效的太阳能光伏/光热集热/蒸发器的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
步骤1、首先将设计好的流道通过石墨粉绘制于单片吹胀板上,再将两片铝合金进行热轧;
步骤2、将高压氮气通过吹胀板进口进行吹胀得到设计好的流道,并将四周进行折边;
步骤3、将背部利用保温材料绝热;
步骤4、将吹胀板的吹胀板进口、吹胀板第一出口和吹胀板第二出口均用银焊连接铜管,并分别在铜管末端焊接上吹胀板进口铜纳子接头和吹胀板出口铜纳子接头;所述吹胀板第一出口和吹胀板第二出口接入同一根铜管且该铜管末端焊接吹胀板出口铜纳子接头;
步骤5、将六边形流道布置在吹胀板进口、吹胀板第一出口和吹胀板第二出口所在的那一端,在另一端的流道转折处采用压力损失更小的网格型流道,并布置阻力网格流道;在吹胀板出口段底部采用斜流道短边样式和斜流道长边样式防止积液现象,使得在夏季停机状态下光伏/光热组件不会被高压制冷剂蒸汽涨破;吹胀板B-B截面流道形式相比于吹胀板A-A截面流道形式采用更窄的流道宽度从而使得大部分集热介质从主流道进行吸热,进而提升整板的温度分布均匀性提高集热效率。
作为优选,所述步骤5中阻力网格流道用于均匀分配角落处流量。
作为优选,所述步骤5中斜流道短边样式和斜流道长边样式用于排出未蒸发的制冷剂。
本发明的有益效果是:
(1)更加高效的进行太阳能热电转化,不仅减少其占地面积,而且使得发电和热泵效率得到提升;此外,该组件采用新型的吹胀板流道结构设计,即采用流道设计优化的吹胀板,相比以空气或水作为集热介质的PV/T组件和未经流道设计优化的吹胀板具有较高的集热效率,实现更加高效的集热及光伏电池的降温,此外由六边形流道与网格型流道组合而成的吹胀板流道,可以实现更加均匀的温度分布,从而提高光伏电池电流输出的稳定性并提高寿命。该组件结构紧凑、高效、轻便、美观,在推广可再生能源利用和绿色建筑领域具有重要意义。
(2)采用层压式光伏/光热组件,结构更为紧凑,组件重量更小,从而更容易与建筑进行耦合,在屋顶或房屋向阳立面进行安装与建筑一体化,不仅美观,而且可以实现高效热电联产,解决住宅用户的用电需求与热水需求;
(3)本发明采用阻力网格和斜流道网格将制冷剂在板中的流量分布更为均匀,使得角落部分也有制冷剂流入,从而提高吹胀板面积利用率;而在出口侧采用斜流道网格可以避免吹胀板中的积液问题,使得未蒸发的制冷剂及时排出,从而使得系统更加高效稳定的运行。
附图说明
图1为新型高效的太阳能光伏/光热集热/蒸发器剖面图;
图2为吹胀板俯视图;
图3位吹胀板流道截面图。
附图标记说明:光伏电池玻璃覆膜1、光伏电池2、EVA胶膜3、电绝缘层4、吹胀板5、保温材料6、吹胀板流道部分7、集热介质通道8、吹胀板进口铜纳子接头9、吹胀板第一出口10、吹胀板第二出口11、吹胀板出口铜纳子接头12、斜流道短边样式13、斜流道长边样式14、六边形流道15、网格型流道16、阻力网格流道17、吹胀板A-A截面流道形式18、吹胀板B-B截面流道形式19、吹胀板进口20。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明做进一步描述。下述实施例的说明只是用于帮助理解本发明。应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理的前提下,还可以对本发明进行若干改进和修饰,这些改进和修饰也落入本发明权利要求的保护范围内。
本发明提供了一种新型高效的太阳能光伏/光热集热/蒸发器(Photovoltaic/thermal collector/evaporator),用于太阳能光伏/光热热泵中作为直膨式蒸发器使用,在通过光伏面板发电的同时,利用蒸发器中流过的集热介质进行废热的收集,实现高效热电联产;此外,光伏电池的温度得到降低,蒸发压力和温度提升,从而提高发电和热泵效率,提高太阳能综合能源转化率。在本发明中,设计了新型的吹胀式集热/蒸发板,其流道由六边形和网格型组合而成,并通过流道的布置和优化设计,提高蒸发器表面温度以及光伏电池表面温度的均匀性;此外,该集热/蒸发器其一面为平板有利于减少与光伏电池背板的接触热阻,另一面为胀起的流道,而四周进行折边提高其抗变形刚度;采用制冷剂作为集热介质,进口液相比例较高,采用单进口,而出口气相比例较高,采用双出口,流道宽度设计为8~11毫米以减小制冷剂的流动阻力。
由图1新型高效的太阳能光伏/光热集热/蒸发器剖面图和图2吹胀板俯视图可知,这种新型高效的太阳能光伏/光热集热/蒸发器,用于太阳能热泵中实现制冷剂高效的集热/蒸发,组件可以实现高效的热电联产,其结构紧凑、轻便适合与建筑耦合安装;该组件具有多层结构,包括光伏电池玻璃覆膜1、光伏电池2、EVA胶膜3、电绝缘层4、吹胀板5、保温材料6,其中,吹胀板5的流道结构由六边形流道15和网格型流道16组成,并通过布置吹胀板流道胀起部分7实现均匀的吹胀板5以及光伏电池2的温度分布;首先将设计好的流道通过石墨粉绘制于单片吹胀板5上,再将两片铝合金进行热轧,石墨绘制的流道部分不会粘合,再通过高压氮气通过入口进行吹胀得到设计流道,并将四周进行折边提高抗变形刚度;背部利用保温材料6绝热,防止低温工况下组件向环境散热。
该吹胀板5为单面吹胀结构,长度为L,宽度为W,与电绝缘层4结合面为平面从而减小接触热阻,增加传热效率;吹胀板5的吹胀板进口20和吹胀板第一出口10、吹胀板第二出口11通过银焊与铜管相连,并在铜管末端焊接上吹胀板进口铜纳子接头9、吹胀板出口铜纳子接头12以方便太阳能热泵系统安装和调试。
六边形流道15布置在进出口端从而强化换热效果,在流道转折处采用压力损失更小的网格型流道16,并通过阻力网格流道17的布置实现角落处流量分配的均匀性;在吹胀板5出口段底部采用斜流道短边样式13、斜流道长边样式14排出未蒸发的制冷剂,防止积液现象,使得在夏季停机状态下光伏/光热组件不会被高压制冷剂蒸汽涨破;此外,如图3所示,吹胀板B-B截面流道形式19相比于吹胀板A-A截面流道形18采用更窄的流道宽度从而使得大部分集热介质从主流道进行吸热,进而提升整板的温度分布均匀性提高集热效率。
吹胀板5中截断宽度W1长度L1的面板用于安装光伏电池2的接线盒,该尺寸由光伏电池接线盒尺寸决定。
一种新型高效的太阳能光伏/光热集热/蒸发器可以有效克服系统综合能源利用效率低下、系统输出不稳定和额外占地面积的问题。该光伏/光热组件结构紧凑、轻便、美观、高效,从而更容易与建筑进行耦合,在屋顶或房屋向阳立面进行安装与建筑一体化,可以实现高效热电联产,解决住宅用户的用电需求与热水需求。用于太阳能热泵系统后,其部件简单、建筑一体化程度高、热电转化率高,节能减排效果显著,在分布式能源推广、可再生能源利用和绿色建筑的发展中具有积极的推动作用。
这种新型高效的太阳能光伏/光热集热/蒸发器可以更加高效的进行太阳能热电转化,不仅减少其占地面积,而且使得发电和热泵效率得到提升;此外,该组件采用新型的吹胀板流道结构设计,可以实现更加均匀的板温分布从而提高光伏电池输出的稳定性并增加其寿命。该组件结构紧凑、高效、轻便、美观,在推广可再生能源利用和绿色建筑领域具有重要意义。
Claims (6)
1.一种新型高效的太阳能光伏/光热集热/蒸发器,其特征在于,包括:光伏电池玻璃覆膜(1)、光伏电池(2)、EVA胶膜(3)、电绝缘层(4)、吹胀板(5)和保温材料(6);
所述光伏电池玻璃覆膜(1)覆盖整个光伏电池(2)上表面,光伏电池(2)下表面贴合EVA胶膜(3)上表面,EVA胶膜(3)下表面贴合电绝缘层(4);吹胀板(5)正面与电绝缘层(4)下表面结合面为平面;吹胀板(5)背面有向下凹陷的吹胀板流道胀起部分(7),吹胀板(5)内部有集热介质通道(8),整个吹胀板(5)背面包裹有保温材料(6);
所述吹胀板(5)具有流道结构,吹胀板(5)的流道结构由六边形流道(15)和网格型流道(16)组成;吹胀板(5)的一端设有吹胀板进口(20)、吹胀板第一出口(10)和吹胀板第二出口(11),且六边形流道(15)位于该端;吹胀板进口(20)、吹胀板第一出口(10)和吹胀板第二出口(11)均通过银焊与铜管相连;吹胀板进口(20)所连接的铜管末端焊接吹胀板进口铜纳子接头(9),吹胀板第一出口(10)和吹胀板第二出口(11)接入同一根铜管且该铜管末端焊接吹胀板出口铜纳子接头(12);网格型流道(16)位于吹胀板(5)另一端的流道转折处,网格型流道(16)周围设有少量阻力网格(17);吹胀板(5)的吹胀板第一出口(10)和吹胀板第二出口(11)底部采用斜流道短边样式(13)和斜流道长边样式(14);
所述吹胀板(5)中部有宽度为W1长度为L1的面板,该面板安装光伏电池(2)的接线盒;面板的尺寸匹配光伏电池(2)接线盒的尺寸。
2.根据权利要求1所述新型高效的太阳能光伏/光热集热/蒸发器,其特征在于:所述吹胀板(5)为单面吹胀结构,吹胀板(5)的四周有折边。
3.根据权利要求1所述新型高效的太阳能光伏/光热集热/蒸发器,其特征在于:所述吹胀板(5)的流道有吹胀板A-A截面流道形式(18)和吹胀板B-B截面流道形式(19)两种,所述吹胀板B-B截面流道形式(19)流道宽度窄于吹胀板A-A截面流道形式(18)。
4.一种如权利要求1所述新型高效的太阳能光伏/光热集热/蒸发器的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
步骤1、首先将设计好的流道通过石墨粉绘制于单片吹胀板(5)上,再将两片铝合金进行热轧;
步骤2、将高压氮气通过吹胀板进口(20)进行吹胀得到设计好的流道,并将四周进行折边;
步骤3、将背部利用保温材料(6)绝热;
步骤4、将吹胀板(5)的吹胀板进口(20)、吹胀板第一出口(10)和吹胀板第二出口(11)均用银焊连接铜管,并分别在铜管末端焊接上吹胀板进口铜纳子接头(9)和吹胀板出口铜纳子接头(12);所述吹胀板第一出口(10)和吹胀板第二出口(11)接入同一根铜管且该铜管末端焊接吹胀板出口铜纳子接头(12);
步骤5、将六边形流道(15)布置在吹胀板进口(20)、吹胀板第一出口(10)和吹胀板第二出口(11)所在的那一端,在另一端的流道转折处采用压力损失更小的网格型流道(16),并布置阻力网格流道(17);在吹胀板(5)出口段底部采用斜流道短边样式(13)和斜流道长边样式(14)。
5.根据权利要求4所述新型高效的太阳能光伏/光热集热/蒸发器的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤5中阻力网格流道(17)用于均匀分配角落处流量。
6.根据权利要求4所述新型高效的太阳能光伏/光热集热/蒸发器的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤5中斜流道短边样式(13)和斜流道长边样式(14)用于排出未蒸发的制冷剂。
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