CN111720851A - Method and device for regenerating an electrode for ionization measurements in the flame region of a burner - Google Patents

Method and device for regenerating an electrode for ionization measurements in the flame region of a burner Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111720851A
CN111720851A CN202010130124.7A CN202010130124A CN111720851A CN 111720851 A CN111720851 A CN 111720851A CN 202010130124 A CN202010130124 A CN 202010130124A CN 111720851 A CN111720851 A CN 111720851A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
burner
frequency
alternating current
voltage
range
Prior art date
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Pending
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CN202010130124.7A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
亨氏·约格·汤姆恰克
萨布丽娜·雷施
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Vaillant GmbH
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Vaillant GmbH
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Publication of CN111720851A publication Critical patent/CN111720851A/en
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23NREGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/02Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium
    • F23N5/12Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using ionisation-sensitive elements, i.e. flame rods
    • F23N5/123Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using ionisation-sensitive elements, i.e. flame rods using electronic means
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23NREGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00Systems for controlling combustion
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23NREGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2227/00Ignition or checking
    • F23N2227/18Applying test signals, e.g. periodic
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23NREGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2229/00Flame sensors
    • F23N2229/12Flame sensors with flame rectification current detecting means

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Other Investigation Or Analysis Of Materials By Electrical Means (AREA)
  • Control Of Combustion (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for measuring an ionized, regenerative ionization electrode in the flame region of a burner, which ionization electrode has a first alternating voltage at a first frequency and is supplied with a second alternating voltage at a second frequency, which is higher than the first frequency used for continuous operation, after a specific time interval Δ t during which the burner is started. The invention also provides a device for executing the method. To this end, the device provides an ionization electrode which is arranged in the burner such that it can measure the ionization current in the flame region during operation of the burner. The apparatus also provides a first ac power source for generating a first ac power at a first frequency and a second ac power source for generating a second ac power at a second, higher frequency. In operation, a switching device switches on the second ac power supply according to a predetermined criterion. The invention avoids disturbances due to long-term operation, measurement errors of the ionization current during cold start of the burner and enables regeneration of the ionization electrode to ensure further control of the avoidance of disturbances by accelerated heating during cold start, at predetermined time intervals and/or according to predetermined criteria.

Description

Method and device for regenerating an electrode for ionization measurements in the flame region of a burner
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method and a device for regenerating electrodes for ionization measurements in the flame region of a burner, in particular a burner operating with gas and air. Such measurements can be used for controlling and regulating many appliances, in particular for hot water production or heating, and must then provide as reliable values as possible over a long period of time.
Background
The basic design of a burner with a measuring system for ionization measurements and the use of the measuring system for controlling the burner are disclosed, for example, in european patents EP 0770824B 1 and EP 2466204B 1. In particular, this relates to the control of the air to gas ratio, the so-called lambda value. Ionizing electrodes used for measurements are also disclosed to be subjected to high thermal and/or corrosive loads. Special metal alloys are commonly used for the ionizing electrode, which also contain a proportion of aluminium. When used during operation of the burner, an alumina layer forms over time on the electrode surface, which prevents corrosion but results in electrical and thermal insulation. This in turn leads to a weakening of the measurement signal provided by the electrodes and may even be completely suppressed at low temperatures. The thermal barrier provided by the alumina layer also prevents the electrode from rapidly heating up. This means that the measurement signal is particularly severely attenuated during the cold start phase, on the one hand due to the slow increase in temperature and on the other hand due to the electrical insulation.
In general, cracks can also occur in the aluminum oxide layer as a result of the alternating application of the thermal load, which can even lead to partial areas of aluminum oxide flaking off, so that the measurement signal is again intensified. However, this does not work in all cases, so that reliable measurements are not always guaranteed, especially during the cold start phase of the burner.
The mechanical solution is to make at least a part of the ionizing electrode of a material, such as nickel tungsten, so that no oxide layer is formed in the flame.
Disclosure of Invention
The object of the present invention is to solve the problems described in the background art mentioned above and in particular to provide a method and a device which allow regeneration and therefore reliable measurements over a long period of time, irrespective of the design of the ionizing electrode used, in particular in the case of conventional ionizing electrodes with an aluminium content, in particular during the cold start phase of the burner.
A method, an apparatus and a computer program product as defined in the independent claims are used to solve the inventive task described above. Advantageous further developments of the invention, which are not limiting, are indicated in the respective dependent claims. The following description, particularly with reference to the accompanying drawings, illustrates the subject matter of the invention and provides further embodiments.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a method for measuring an ionized regenerative ionizing electrode in the flame region of a burner, the ionizing electrode having a first alternating voltage of a first frequency and being applied with a second alternating voltage of a second frequency higher than the first frequency for continuous operation after a specific time interval at of burner start-up.
The method may be performed after each cold start, but it may be helpful to perform regeneration only when certain pre-set criteria are reached. Since the application of the invention requires the presence of a plasma in the region of the ionizing electrode, a second alternating voltage with a second frequency should be applied only when the burner is set and operated stably at the usual lambda value after a cold start. Although such cold starts are not easy to perform in terms of control technology, since the ionizing electrodes are not always able to provide a good signal, they have been controlled and/or regulated in a stable manner by using empirical values or similar measures. Suitable regeneration criteria may be derived from standard electronic control equipment, for example if the drift of the ionisation electrodes exceeds a threshold. Of course, regeneration may also be simply performed after a certain number of operating cycles or after a certain time interval. Preferably, the burner is restarted after regeneration in order to update the electronic control device.
Preferably, the second frequency of the second alternating voltage is in the range of 10 to 100MHz (megahertz), in particular in the range of 13.5 to 50 MHz.
Preferably, the second alternating voltage is in the range of 50 to 300V (volts), particularly preferably between 100 and 200V.
The first frequency of the first alternating voltage corresponds to a value suitable for such ionization measurements and is preferably in the range of 50 to 1000Hz (hertz), and the second alternating voltage is between 100 and 300V. In particular, alternating voltages of 170V and 107Hz have proven suitable.
In a particular form of the invention, there is provided a switching arrangement which determines from sensor data or other data whether the burner is in a (predefined) cold state or a (predefined) hot state and applies only a first alternating current of a first frequency to the ionising electrode when it is activated in the detected hot state. In other words, the application of the second alternating voltage of the second frequency to the ionizing electrode during the ionization measurement may be suppressed despite the predetermined criterion. This avoids unnecessary effort during a hot start and regeneration can be performed at an appropriate time.
Preferably, an electronic module evaluates the current flowing through the ionizing electrode and uses this measurement signal to control the burner in a known manner, i.e. to adjust the air/fuel ratio (lambda value), so that in the case of a cold start, the burner is adjusted and/or controlled until stable combustion is achieved, then the specified time interval Δ t is adjusted by a controller, and after the specified time interval Δ t the first alternating current is adjusted again at the first frequency. In this case, "control" means in particular specifying or setting the lambda value without taking into account the actual lambda value. "control" here means in particular setting the lambda value, whereby the actual lambda value present is measured by this setting on the basis of the ionization current and adjusted to the specified or set lambda value.
The time interval Δ t may preferably be set in the range of 10 to 100s (seconds), preferably 20 to 30 s.
Since it is not possible to derive a good measurement signal of the ionization current in the flame region from the second alternating current, the time interval Δ t is preferably too long, since it is not possible to optimally control the combustion process during this time.
It is particularly advantageous if the second alternating voltage and the second frequency are selected so high within the predetermined time interval Δ t that the plasma generated by combustion is additionally heated in the vicinity of the ionizing electrode. On the one hand, this results in a reduction in the thickness of the oxide layer on the ionizing electrode due to the impact of fast ions; on the other hand, due to thermal effects, the oxide layer is advantageously cracked or fragmented, so that the ageing of the ionizing electrode can be at least partially reversed.
To achieve the above object, the present invention also provides an apparatus for performing the above method. To this end, the device provides an ionization electrode which is arranged in the burner such that it can measure the ionization current in the flame region during operation of the burner. The apparatus also provides a first ac power source for generating a first ac power at a first frequency and a second ac power source for generating a second ac power at a second, higher frequency. In operation, a switching device switches on the second ac power supply according to a predetermined criterion.
The second alternating current source is preferably arranged with a frequency in the range of 10 to 100MHz, in particular between 13.5 and 50 MHz. Such a frequency range has proven suitable for rapid heating of the ionizing electrode.
The frequency of the first ac power source is set between 50 to 1000Hz and the voltage is set between 100 to 300V. The first ac power supply need not be different from known ac voltage supplies for ionization measurements, but may be of a different design, such as the additional use of a second power supply.
As already mentioned, the second ac power supply should preferably be arranged for providing a second ac voltage at a second frequency, and the second frequency and the second ac voltage may be arranged so high that during operation the plasma in the vicinity of the ionizing electrode is heated to overheating. This is why the second ac power supply is used for optimum effect.
According to the invention, the ignition is preferably controlled using an electronic module, which is controlled by means of the ionization current determined during operation of the second alternating current source, so that this control can be switched off during operation of the second alternating current source and can be replaced by a controller according to predetermined criteria. Thus, after a cold start, the burner can be controlled according to empirical values for a short time, during which the ionizing electrode is heated and regenerated, after which the normal control of the first alternating current is resumed to measure the ionization.
The switching means are preferably connected to a sensor, for example a temperature sensor, and/or a data source of the electronic module, which can distinguish between a cold state and a hot state of the burner, so that the second alternating current source cannot be switched on or blocked in the hot state. In the simplest case, it is sufficient for the electronic module to store the time since the last burner shutdown. From this information alone, it can be determined whether a cold start has occurred. Of course, the temperature of the burner or ionizing electrode is more accurately measured.
The switching device and/or the second ac voltage source are preferably designed such that the second ac voltage source can only be switched on for a predetermined time interval Δ t of 10 to 100s, preferably 20 to 30 s.
Despite the large frequency difference, the first and second ac power sources may be formed by a single ac voltage source that can vary or switch the frequency and voltage without changing the other functions described.
To achieve the above object, the present invention also provides a computer program product comprising instructions for the above apparatus to perform the method.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings related to the present invention in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 schematically shows an apparatus for carrying out an ionization measurement method in the flame region of a burner with an ionization electrode.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to embodiments shown in the drawings. These embodiments are not intended to limit the present invention, and structural, methodological, or functional changes made by those skilled in the art according to these embodiments are included in the scope of the present invention.
Fig. 1 shows a flame region 2 of a burner 1 formed during operation, the ionization current of which is measured. For this purpose, the ionizing electrode 3 projects into the flame region 2. A metal element is typically used as the counter electrode 4 in the region where the gas and air enter the burner 1, the counter electrode 4 typically being electrically grounded. The ionizing electrode 3 and the counter electrode 4 are connected to a second alternating current source 6 after a cold start if predetermined criteria are met. The second alternating current source 6 supplies alternating current of higher frequency which results in rapid heating of the plasma in the vicinity of the ionizing electrode 3 and therefore also of the ionizing electrode 3 itself. After a short time interval at, the switching means 7 switch back from the second ac source 6 to the first ac source 5, the properties of the first ac source 5 may correspond to the known ac sources for ionization measurements. Its measurement signal can be fed via a measurement signal line 13 to an electronics module 10 which, with a reliable measurement signal, carries out conventional control of the burner 1. Such control is typically performed by issuing commands to the drive means in the air intake 11 and/or the gas inlet 12 via the control signal line 14, so that an optimum mixture of air and gas is always provided. The switching device 7 is connected to at least one sensor 8 for determining the burner temperature and/or to other data sources of the electronic module 10 via a control line 9 in order to be able to determine whether a cold start is present. In the case of a cold start, this control line 9 can also be used to inform the electronic module 10 that a cold start has been initiated, so that control by means of an ionization current may not be necessary, but the combustion process should be controlled in a short time. Also, in the course of performing regeneration by means of the second alternating current, control is performed on the basis of empirical values.
The invention avoids disturbances due to long-term operation, measurement errors of the ionization current during cold start of the burner and enables regeneration of the ionization electrode to ensure further control of the avoidance of disturbances by accelerated heating during cold start, at predetermined time intervals and/or according to predetermined criteria.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim concerned.
Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present description refers to embodiments, not every embodiment may contain only a single embodiment, and such description is for clarity only, and those skilled in the art should integrate the description, and the embodiments may be combined as appropriate to form other embodiments understood by those skilled in the art.
List of reference numerals
1 burner
2 flame area
3 ionizing electrode
4 pairs of electrodes (grounding)
5 first alternating current power supply
6 second alternating current power supply
7 switching device
8 temperature sensor
9 control line
10 electronic module
11 air inlet
12 gas inlet
13 measurement signal line
14 control signal line

Claims (14)

1. A method for measuring ionized regenerative ionization electrodes (3) in the flame region (2) of a burner (1), characterized by: the ionizing electrode (3) is measured at a first alternating voltage of a first frequency, wherein, after the start-up of the burner (1), if a predetermined criterion exists in a predetermined time interval (Δ t), the ionizing electrode (3) will be subjected to a second alternating voltage of a second frequency, which is higher than the first frequency for continuous operation.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein: the second frequency is in the range of 10 to 100 MHz.
3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the first frequency is in the range of 50 to 1000 Hz.
4. The method according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that: the presence switching means (7) determine from the sensor data or other data whether the burner (1) is in a cold state or in a hot state, and when the burner (1) is started in the determined hot state, the ionizing electrode (3) is not subjected to the second alternating voltage of the second frequency, despite the predetermined criterion.
5. The method according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that: -the presence electronic module (10) evaluates the current flowing through said ionizing electrode (3) and adjusts the ratio (lambda value) of air to gas supplied to the burner (1) according to this; wherein the predetermined time interval (Δ t) is adjusted by a controller in case of a cold start and if the predetermined criterion is present, and after the predetermined time interval (Δ t) the adjustment is performed again using a first alternating voltage having a first frequency.
6. The method according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that: the predetermined time interval (Δ t) is in the range of 10 to 100 s.
7. The method according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that: the second alternating voltage and the second frequency during said predetermined time interval (Δ t) are selectively so high that the plasma in the vicinity of said ionizing electrode (3) is heated to an excessive temperature.
8. An arrangement having an ionizing electrode (3) arranged in connection with a burner (1) so that it can measure the ion current in a flame region (2) during operation of the burner (1), characterized in that the arrangement comprises a first alternating current source (5) for generating a first alternating current at a first frequency, a second alternating current source (6) for generating a second alternating current at a second, higher frequency, and switching means (7) for switching to the second alternating current source (6) during operation according to predetermined criteria.
9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein: the second alternating current power supply (6) is set to have a frequency in the range of 10 to 100MHz and a voltage in the range of 50 to 300V.
10. The apparatus of claim 8 or 9, wherein: the first alternating current power source (5) is set to have a frequency in the range of 50 to 1000Hz and a voltage in the range of 100 to 300V.
11. The apparatus according to any one of claims 8 to 10, wherein: there is an electronic module (10) for controlling the burner (1), said electronic module being configured to control the controller by means of the ionization current determined during the operation of said first alternating current source (5), wherein during the operation of the second alternating current source (6) the control can be switched off and replaced by a controller according to predetermined criteria.
12. The apparatus according to any one of claims 8 to 11, wherein: the switching device (7) is connected to the sensor (8) and/or to a data source of the electronic module (10) so that it can distinguish between a cold state and a hot state of the burner (1), so that the second alternating current source (6) is not switched on when the burner is in the hot state.
13. The apparatus according to any one of claims 8 to 12, wherein: the first (5) and second (6) AC power sources are formed by a separate AC voltage source (5, 6) which can be varied or switched in frequency and voltage.
14. A computer program product, characterized in that: the product comprising instructions for an apparatus according to any one of claims 8 to 13 to perform a method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
CN202010130124.7A 2019-03-22 2020-02-28 Method and device for regenerating an electrode for ionization measurements in the flame region of a burner Pending CN111720851A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE102019107367.7A DE102019107367A1 (en) 2019-03-22 2019-03-22 Procedure for checking the presence of a non-return valve in a heating system
DE102019107367.7 2019-03-22

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CN (1) CN111720851A (en)
DE (1) DE102019107367A1 (en)
ES (1) ES2898392T3 (en)
PL (1) PL3712501T3 (en)

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DE102020127558B4 (en) 2020-10-20 2023-06-29 Viessmann Climate Solutions Se Heating system and method for operating a heating system

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US4519771A (en) * 1982-04-02 1985-05-28 U.S. Philips Corporation Flame detection system with isolation between burner and electronic control device
CH691922A5 (en) * 1995-10-16 2001-11-30 Vaillant Gmbh heater
US5899683A (en) * 1996-05-09 1999-05-04 Stiebel Eltron Gmbh & Co. Kg Process and device for operating a gas burner
US20050150218A1 (en) * 2004-01-13 2005-07-14 Crawley Wilbur H. Method and apparatus for determining accumulation in a particulate filter of an emission abatement assembly
EP1707880A1 (en) * 2005-03-17 2006-10-04 Beru AG Process for detecting the presence of a flame in a combustion chamber and ignition device for a burner
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CN105474349A (en) * 2013-05-03 2016-04-06 艾克塞利斯科技公司 Extraction electrode assembly voltage modulation in ion implantation system
CN103615798A (en) * 2013-11-04 2014-03-05 广东万和新电气股份有限公司 Fully premixed combustion gas heating water heater

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PL3712501T3 (en) 2022-01-17
ES2898392T3 (en) 2022-03-07
EP3712501B1 (en) 2021-08-25
EP3712501A1 (en) 2020-09-23
DE102019107367A1 (en) 2020-09-24

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