CN111715275A - Pd/ZrO2Use of-HZSM-5 bifunctional catalyst - Google Patents

Pd/ZrO2Use of-HZSM-5 bifunctional catalyst Download PDF

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CN111715275A
CN111715275A CN202010731203.3A CN202010731203A CN111715275A CN 111715275 A CN111715275 A CN 111715275A CN 202010731203 A CN202010731203 A CN 202010731203A CN 111715275 A CN111715275 A CN 111715275A
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hzsm
zro
bifunctional catalyst
catalyst
composite carrier
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王珂
周鹏伟
吴彦妮
颜志毅
胡乐亮
许均江
丁晓君
黄经纬
孙艳婷
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Shanghai Institute of Space Power Sources
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
    • B01J29/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites
    • B01J29/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
    • B01J29/40—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the pentasil type, e.g. types ZSM-5, ZSM-8 or ZSM-11, as exemplified by patent documents US3702886, GB1334243 and US3709979, respectively
    • B01J29/42—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the pentasil type, e.g. types ZSM-5, ZSM-8 or ZSM-11, as exemplified by patent documents US3702886, GB1334243 and US3709979, respectively containing iron group metals, noble metals or copper
    • B01J29/44—Noble metals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/02—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11C—FATTY ACIDS FROM FATS, OILS OR WAXES; CANDLES; FATS, OILS OR FATTY ACIDS BY CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF FATS, OILS, OR FATTY ACIDS OBTAINED THEREFROM
    • C11C3/00—Fats, oils, or fatty acids by chemical modification of fats, oils, or fatty acids obtained therefrom
    • C11C3/12—Fats, oils, or fatty acids by chemical modification of fats, oils, or fatty acids obtained therefrom by hydrogenation
    • C11C3/126—Fats, oils, or fatty acids by chemical modification of fats, oils, or fatty acids obtained therefrom by hydrogenation using catalysts based principally on other metals or derivates
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2229/00—Aspects of molecular sieve catalysts not covered by B01J29/00
    • B01J2229/10—After treatment, characterised by the effect to be obtained
    • B01J2229/18—After treatment, characterised by the effect to be obtained to introduce other elements into or onto the molecular sieve itself

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  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
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Abstract

The invention discloses Pd/ZrO2-use of a HZSM-5 bifunctional catalyst for deoxygenation, hydroprocessing of organic molecules in bio-oils. The invention successfully combines HZSM-5 with ZrO2The metal Pd is compounded and loaded to prepare the dual-function catalyst with hydrogenation and deoxidation functions, and the catalyst can be applied to the hydrogenation and deoxidation of bio-oil fractions, so that the high-efficiency deoxidation and hydrogenation are realized, and the high-quality liquid fuel is prepared. Compared with the traditional catalyst, the catalyst prepared by the invention integrates HZSM-5 and ZrO2Respective deoxidation and hydrogenation advantages are formed, advantages are complementary, the potential of catalyzing the bio-oil to prepare high-quality fuel or high value-added products is achieved, and the application prospect is strong.

Description

Pd/ZrO2Use of-HZSM-5 bifunctional catalyst
Technical Field
The invention relates to Pd/ZrO2-HZSM-5 bifunctional catalyst.
Background
The biomass has large reserves, is carbon neutral and renewable, can be used as a substitute of fossil fuels such as petroleum after being subjected to fast pyrolysis to generate pyrolysis bio-oil, has important significance in energy safety, and is helpful for reducing CO on the premise of not influencing grain production2And (4) discharging.
However, as the bio-oil has high oxygen content compared with fossil fuel, the calorific value, the effective hydrogen-carbon ratio and the pH value are low, so that the bio-oil cannot be directly used as a substitute for petroleum, and the components of the bio-oil must be subjected to hydrodeoxygenation and quality improvement.
However, most studies have not yet developed a very effective catalyst for hydrodeoxygenation of oil fractions of bio-oils. A Pd-based catalyst with the application number of 201810600036.1, a preparation method and application thereof, and provides a method for preparing Pd-NH for hydrogenation decarbonylation2-Al2O3The catalyst aims at converting 5-hydroxymethyl furfural or furfural, and the products are mainly furans and furfuryl alcohol substances and are not deoxidized.
Therefore, there is a need to develop a new upgrading method and catalyst for improving the hydrodeoxygenation effect of bio-oil.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems of hydrogenation, deoxidation and quality improvement of bio-oil, and the catalyst is ZrO2-HZSM-5 is used as a carrier, Pd is used as an active component, the composite carrier is prepared by an impregnation method, and Pd/ZrO is prepared by an equivalent impregnation method2-HZSM-5 bifunctional catalyst.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides Pd/ZrO2-use of a HZSM-5 bifunctional catalyst for deoxygenation, hydroprocessing of organic molecules in bio-oils.
Preferably, the Pd/ZrO2the-HZSM-5 bifunctional catalyst treats the biological oil by electric heating, and the heating temperature is 280-350 ℃.
Preferably, the Pd/ZrO2the-HZSM-5 bifunctional catalyst is used for treating the biological oil by microwave heating, and the heating power is 800-1000W. Compared with the traditional electric heating mode, the microwave technology has a special heat action mechanism for substances, and the microwave heating mode is a heating mode from inside to outside, and microwave energy is converted into energy in other forms of movement through a certain physical action mechanism. The microwave radiation strong wave-absorbing medium can generate a heat effect and a plasma effect, and has great promotion effect on the catalytic reforming reaction of organic molecules, so that microwaves can be adopted to replace a conventional electric heating source.
Preferably, the Pd/ZrO2ZrO in-HZSM-5 bifunctional catalyst2-HZSM-5 as a composite carrier, and Pd as an active component loaded by the composite carrier, wherein the load of Pd is 1-3% of the mass of the composite carrier, and ZrO in the composite carrier2The mass ratio of the HZSM-5 to the HZSM-5 is 1: 1.
preferably, the ZrO2The preparation method of the-HZSM-5 composite carrier comprises the following steps:
step 1, to form ZrO2Preparing dilute nitric acid solution of zirconyl nitrate according to the mass ratio of the HZSM-5 molecular sieve to the HZSM-5 molecular sieve of 1:1, dispersing and soaking the HZSM-5 molecular sieve in the dilute nitric acid solution of zirconyl nitrate, and fully and uniformly mixing;
step 2, dropwise adding an ammonia water solution at room temperature, continuously stirring for 30-60 min, filtering the obtained precipitate, and washing with deionized water until the pH value is neutral;
step 3, heating the obtained precipitate to 500 ℃ at the heating rate of 10 ℃/min, and roastingZrO is obtained after 6h to 12h2-HZSM-5 composite support.
Preferably, the concentration of the dilute nitric acid solution in the step 1 is usually 1 to 3 mol/L.
Preferably, the concentration of the aqueous ammonia solution in step 1 is usually 3 to 5 mol/L.
Preferably, the ZrO2the-HZSM-5 composite carrier is loaded with metal Pd by an equivalent impregnation method.
Preferably, the Pd/ZrO2The preparation method of the-HZSM-5 bifunctional catalyst comprises the following steps: the ZrO is oxidized2Grinding the-HZSM-5 composite carrier, mixing the ground composite carrier with a palladium nitrate aqueous solution, wherein the mass ratio of the Pd to the composite carrier is 1-3%, continuously stirring for 30-60 min, drying at room temperature for 12h, and roasting at 300-450 ℃ for 180-240 min; roasting at 300 ℃ for 120-240 min in hydrogen atmosphere to obtain the Pd/ZrO2-HZSM-5 bifunctional catalyst.
Preferably, the Pd/ZrO2Before the-HZSM-5 bifunctional catalyst is used, the catalyst is firstly put into H2Activating at 400 ℃ for at least 1h in the atmosphere, and then using for hydrodeoxygenation reaction. The purpose of this activation is to remove impurities adsorbed by the catalyst.
The HZSM-5 molecular sieve has certain aromatization activity and deoxidation activity, but side reactions such as hydrogenolysis and the like occur in the aromatization process, the effective ratio of H/C is reduced, and phenolic molecules such as phenol and the like are difficult to convert. The Pd-based catalyst shows good hydrogenation activity for organics, but has low deoxygenation activity.
The invention uses ZrO2The catalyst is compounded with HZSM-5 to be used as a carrier to increase the acid sites of the catalyst and improve the number of the catalytic active sites of the catalyst. Wherein, HZSM-5 is a micropore structure, more weak acid sites, good deoxidation effect, ZrO2Belongs to a mesoporous material, has more strong acid sites and strong hydrogenation capacity, and uses ZrO2The combination of the metal Pd and the HZSM-5 widens the diameter range of adsorption molecules, can adsorb and catalyze micro-porous and mesoporous molecules, enhances the catalytic activity of the catalyst for hydrodeoxygenation, reduces the activation energy of C-O bonds by the metal Pd, enhances the catalytic activity of the catalyst for hydrodeoxygenation, and can effectively add the organic components of the bio-oilAnd (5) hydrogen and deoxidation.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention successfully prepares HZSM-5 and ZrO2The metal Pd is compounded and loaded to prepare the dual-function catalyst with hydrogenation and deoxidation, and the catalyst can be applied to the hydrogenation and deoxidation of the oil fraction of the bio-oil, so that the high-efficiency deoxidation and hydrogenation are realized, and the high-quality liquid fuel is prepared.
Compared with the traditional catalyst, the catalyst prepared by the invention integrates HZSM-5 and ZrO2Respective deoxidation and hydrogenation advantages are formed, advantages are complementary, the potential of catalyzing the bio-oil to prepare high-quality fuel or high value-added products is achieved, and the application prospect is strong.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a dual-function catalyst.
FIG. 2 shows the dual-function catalyst and ZrO under the condition of the conventional electric heating furnace2And HZSM-5, respectively.
FIG. 3 shows the dual-function catalyst and ZrO under the condition of microwave heating source2And HZSM-5, respectively.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The term "bifunctional catalyst" as used herein refers to a catalyst that is used in the treatment of bio-oil and that is capable of both deoxygenation catalysis and hydrogenation catalysis.
Pd/ZrO in this text2-HZSM-5 means Pd supported on ZrO2In the-HZSM-5 bifunctional composite carrier, "/" indicates the composite and supported meaning.
As shown in FIG. 1, the Pd/ZrO2ZrO in-HZSM-5 bifunctional catalyst2-HZSM-5 as composite carrierPd is the active component loaded by the composite carrier, wherein the loading amount of Pd is 1-3 percent of the mass of the composite carrier, and ZrO in the composite carrier2The mass ratio of the HZSM-5 to the HZSM-5 is 1: 1.
the Pd/ZrO of the present invention will be specifically described below with reference to examples and FIGS. 2 to 32A preparation method of the-HZSM-5 bifunctional catalyst and hydrogenation and deoxidation effects. In the embodiment, the catalytic hydrodeoxygenation activity of the bio-oil model is tested by taking phenol as the bio-oil model, and specifically, Pd/ZrO can be utilized by adopting a gas-liquid-solid reaction evaluation device2The method for carrying out the hydrodeoxygenation reaction of phenol by using the-HZSM-5 bifunctional catalyst comprises the following steps: putting the catalyst in a reactor, and introducing H before reaction2Activating at 400 ℃ for 1h, then continuously introducing phenol into the reactor, reacting at 300 ℃ under normal pressure at the volume flow rate of 0.05ml/min, and cooling the reaction product to obtain a liquid-phase product.
Example 1
Dissolving 4ml of zirconyl nitrate solution with the concentration of 2mol/L in 15ml of dilute nitric acid, adding 1g of HZSM-5 catalyst, stirring uniformly, slowly adding the solution into 30ml of ammonia water solution with the concentration of 4mol/L at room temperature, stirring for 30min, filtering the obtained precipitate, washing with deionized water until the pH value reaches 7, drying at 110 ℃ for 6h, heating to 500 ℃ at the heating rate of 10 ℃/min in the air atmosphere, roasting for 6h to obtain ZrO2-HZSM-5 composite support. The ZrO is oxidized2Grinding the-HZSM-5 composite carrier, mixing with 2.5ml of palladium nitrate aqueous solution containing 2 wt.% Pd, continuously stirring for 30min, drying at room temperature for 12h, roasting at 400 ℃ for 180min, and roasting at 300 ℃ in a hydrogen atmosphere for 120min to obtain Pd/ZrO loaded with 2 wt.% Pd2-HZSM-5 bifunctional catalyst.
Phenol is used as a model compound of the bio-oil, the phenol is subjected to hydrodeoxygenation under the traditional electric heating catalysis at 300 ℃, the conversion rate of the phenol reaches 80%, converted liquid organic matters mainly comprise cyclohexane, benzene, cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone, the hydrodeoxygenation effect is obvious, and the main component content of a product is shown in figure 2.
Example 2
4ml of zirconyl nitrate solution with the concentration of 2mol/L is dissolved in 15ml of dilute nitric acid, and 1g of HZSM-5 catalyst is addedUniformly stirring, slowly adding the mixture into 30ml of ammonia water solution with the concentration of 4mol/L at room temperature, keeping stirring for 30min, filtering the obtained precipitate, washing the precipitate with deionized water until the pH value reaches 7, drying the precipitate at 110 ℃ for 6h, raising the temperature to 500 ℃ at the heating rate of 10 ℃/min in the air atmosphere, and roasting the dried precipitate for 6h to obtain ZrO2-HZSM-5 composite support. The ZrO is oxidized2Grinding the-HZSM-5 composite carrier, mixing with 2.5ml of palladium nitrate aqueous solution containing 2 wt.% Pd, continuously stirring for 30min, drying at room temperature for 12h, roasting at 400 ℃ for 180min, and roasting at 300 ℃ in a hydrogen atmosphere for 120min to obtain Pd/ZrO loaded with 2 wt.% Pd2-HZSM-5 bifunctional catalyst.
Phenol is used as a model compound of the bio-oil, 900W is subjected to microwave catalytic hydrodeoxygenation, the conversion rate of the phenol reaches 91%, and the main components of a converted liquid deoxygenation product are shown in figure 3. Under the microwave heating condition, the conversion rate of phenol and the yield of products of hydrogenation and deoxidation are obviously superior to those of the conventional electric heating mode.
Comparative example 1
Dissolving 4ml of zirconyl nitrate solution with the concentration of 2mol/L in 15ml of dilute nitric acid, slowly adding the solution into 30ml of ammonia water solution with the concentration of 4mol/L at room temperature, keeping stirring for 30min, filtering the obtained precipitate, washing the precipitate with deionized water until the pH value reaches 7, drying the precipitate at 110 ℃ for 6h, heating the precipitate to 500 ℃ at the heating rate of 10 ℃/min in the air atmosphere, and roasting the precipitate for 6h to obtain ZrO2And (3) a carrier. The ZrO is oxidized2Grinding the carrier, mixing with 2.5ml of palladium nitrate aqueous solution containing 2 wt.% Pd, continuously stirring for 30min, drying at room temperature for 12h, roasting at 400 ℃ for 180min, and roasting at 300 ℃ in hydrogen atmosphere for 120min to obtain Pd/ZrO loaded with 2 wt.% Pd2A catalyst.
Phenol is used as a model compound of the bio-oil, the conventional electric heating catalytic hydrodeoxygenation is carried out at 300 ℃, the conversion rate of the phenol is 71%, and the main components of the converted liquid deoxygenation product are shown in figure 2.
Comparative example 2
Dissolving 4ml of 2mol/L zirconyl nitrate solution in 15ml of dilute nitric acid, slowly adding into 30ml of 4mol/L ammonia water solution at room temperature, keeping stirring for 30min, filtering the obtained precipitate, washing with deionized water until pH value is reachedDrying at 7 ℃ and 110 ℃ for 6h, heating to 500 ℃ at a heating rate of 10 ℃/min in the air atmosphere, and roasting for 6h to obtain ZrO2And (3) a carrier. The ZrO is oxidized2Grinding the carrier, mixing with 2.5ml of palladium nitrate aqueous solution containing 2 wt.% Pd, continuously stirring for 30min, drying at room temperature for 12h, roasting at 400 ℃ for 180min, and roasting at 300 ℃ in hydrogen atmosphere for 120min to obtain Pd/ZrO loaded with 2 wt.% Pd2A catalyst.
Phenol is used as a model compound of the bio-oil, 900W is subjected to microwave catalytic hydrodeoxygenation, the conversion rate of the phenol is 79 percent, and the main components of the converted liquid deoxygenation product are shown in figure 3.
Comparative example 3
HZSM-5 is used as a catalyst, phenol is used as a model compound of the bio-oil, and the effect of traditional electric heating catalytic hydrodeoxygenation at 300 ℃ is not shown, as shown in figure 2.
Comparative example 4
HZSM-5 is used as a catalyst, phenol is used as a model compound of the bio-oil, 900W microwave catalytic hydrodeoxygenation is carried out, the conversion rate of the phenol is 40 percent, the yield of the organic liquid is only 5 percent, and the main components of the converted liquid deoxygenation product are shown in figure 3.
As described above, Pd/ZrO2The hydrodeoxygenation activity and the catalytic selectivity of the-HZSM-5 bifunctional catalyst are obviously improved, oxygen-free hydrocarbons or hydrodeoxygenation products can be obtained, and the catalyst can be used for hydrogenation and deoxygenation treatment of bio-oil.
While the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood that the above description should not be taken as limiting the invention. Various modifications and alterations to this invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the foregoing description. Accordingly, the scope of the invention should be determined from the following claims.

Claims (10)

1. Pd/ZrO2-HZSM-5 bifunctional catalyst, characterized in that it is used for the deoxygenation and/or hydrotreatment of organic molecules in bio-oils.
2. The method of claim 1Pd/ZrO of2-HZSM-5 bifunctional catalyst, characterized in that said Pd/ZrO2the-HZSM-5 bifunctional catalyst treats the biological oil by electric heating, and the heating temperature is 280-350 ℃.
3. Pd/ZrO according to claim 12-HZSM-5 bifunctional catalyst, characterized in that said Pd/ZrO2the-HZSM-5 bifunctional catalyst is used for treating the biological oil by microwave heating, and the heating power is 800-1000W.
4. Pd/ZrO according to claim 12-HZSM-5 bifunctional catalyst, characterized in that said Pd/ZrO2ZrO in-HZSM-5 bifunctional catalyst2-HZSM-5 as a composite carrier, and Pd as an active component loaded by the composite carrier, wherein the load of Pd is 1-3% of the mass of the composite carrier, and ZrO in the composite carrier2The mass ratio of the HZSM-5 to the HZSM-5 is 1: 1.
5. Pd/ZrO according to claim 42-HZSM-5 bifunctional catalyst, characterized in that said ZrO2The preparation method of the-HZSM-5 composite carrier comprises the following steps:
step 1, to form ZrO2Preparing dilute nitric acid solution of zirconyl nitrate according to the mass ratio of the HZSM-5 molecular sieve to the HZSM-5 molecular sieve of 1:1, dispersing and soaking the HZSM-5 molecular sieve in the dilute nitric acid solution of zirconyl nitrate, and fully and uniformly mixing;
step 2, dropwise adding an ammonia water solution at room temperature, continuously stirring for 30-60 min, filtering the obtained precipitate, and washing with deionized water until the pH value is neutral;
step 3, heating the obtained precipitate to 500 ℃ at the heating rate of 10 ℃/min, and roasting for 6-12 h to obtain ZrO2-HZSM-5 composite support.
6. Pd/ZrO according to claim 52The application of the-HZSM-5 bifunctional catalyst is characterized in that the concentration of the dilute nitric acid solution in the step 1 is usually 1-3 mol/L.
7. Pd/ZrO according to claim 52The application of the-HZSM-5 bifunctional catalyst is characterized in that the concentration of the ammonia water solution in the step 1 is usually 3-5 mol/L.
8. Pd/ZrO according to claim 52-HZSM-5 bifunctional catalyst, characterized in that said ZrO2the-HZSM-5 composite carrier is loaded with metal Pd by an equivalent impregnation method.
9. Pd/ZrO according to claim 52-HZSM-5 bifunctional catalyst, characterized in that said Pd/ZrO2The preparation method of the-HZSM-5 bifunctional catalyst comprises the following steps: the ZrO is oxidized2Grinding the-HZSM-5 composite carrier, mixing the ground composite carrier with a palladium nitrate aqueous solution, wherein the mass of Pd accounts for 1-3% of the mass ratio of the composite carrier, continuously stirring for 30-60 min, drying at room temperature for 12h, and roasting at 300-450 ℃ for 180-240 min; roasting at 300 ℃ for 120-240 min in hydrogen atmosphere to obtain the Pd/ZrO2-HZSM-5 bifunctional catalyst.
10. Pd/ZrO according to claim 12-HZSM-5 bifunctional catalyst, characterized in that said Pd/ZrO2Before the-HZSM-5 bifunctional catalyst is used, the catalyst is firstly put into H2Activating at 400 ℃ for at least 1h in the atmosphere, and then using for hydrodeoxygenation reaction.
CN202010731203.3A 2020-07-27 2020-07-27 Pd/ZrO2Use of-HZSM-5 bifunctional catalyst Pending CN111715275A (en)

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